RIZAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL NAMING COMPOUNDS

Senior High School Things to remember:

GRADE 12 - STEM • Ionic compound consists of oppositely charged cations and anions in proportions
General Chemistry 1 that give electrical neutrality. It consists of ions from a metal with ion from a
nonmetal.
PERIODIC TABLE • Molecular compound is composed of atoms from two or more nonmetals. It exists
Dmitri Mendeleev developed and published the basic arrangement of the periodic table. He as a discrete unit of atoms held together in a molecule.
arranged the elements in order of increasing relative atomic mass, and he grouped elements • Binary compound is a compound containing atoms or ions of only two elements.
with similar properties into columns and rows so that the properties of the elements varied in • A monoatomic ion is an ion of a single atom.
a regular pattern (periodically). Elements can be classified as metals, nonmetals, or Formula Name of Formula Name of Ion Formula Name of Ion
metalloids, or as main group elements, transition metals, lanthanides, or actinides. of Ion Ion of Ion of Ion
O2- Oxide ion Al3+ Aluminum ion K+ Potassium ion
• Chemically, metals tend to lose electrons to form positive ions. Nonmetals appear in Na +
Sodium ion Mg 2+
Magnesium ion F- Fluoride ion
the upper-right corner of the table (to the right of the heavy line), except hydrogen, a N3- Nitride ion Cl- Chloride ion
nonmetal that resides in the upper-left corner. Chemically, they tend to gain electrons • Nomenclature is a system of naming.
in reactions with metals to form negative ions. Nonmetals often bond to each other by
forming covalent bonds. STEPS IN WRITING CHEMICAL FORMULA
• A metalloid, or semimetal, is an element that has physical properties resembling a metal If you want to write a chemical formula for an ionic compound. It is essential to
but chemical reactivity more like that of a nonmental. know first the oxidation numbers of an element. The oxidation numbers are the charges
• Any element in one of the eight groups labeled with the letter A is a main-group either positive (cation) or negative (anion).
element or a representative element. An element in any of the 10 groups labeled with - When we write, we always begin with the cations and followed with the anions.
the letter B is a transition metal. Any lanthanide or actinide element is an inner- - Identify the symbol of each part of the name
transition metal. - Identify the charge on each.
• A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table is a period while the vertical column - The oxidation numbers should be balanced.
is called group or family. Ex. Lead and Oxygen
• Any member of group IA, except hydrogen, is an alkali metal. These metals are said to Pb4+ O2- using the criss-cross method: Pb4+ O2-
readily react with many other elements and compounds.
The molecular formula will then be Pb2O4 but the empirical formula is PbO2
• Any element in group IIA is an alkaline earth metal. Less reactive than the alkali metals Try this!
but are more reactive than most of the transition metals. 1. Al and S (Al2S3)
• An element in group VIIA is a halogen. They occur as elements in the form of diatomic 2. Na and Br (NaBr)
molecules: F2, Cl2, Br2, I2. 3. Mg and OH (Mg(OH)2)
• An element in group VIIIA is called a noble gas. They exist naturally in their elemental 4. Ca and F (CaF2)
form as single atoms. They are said to be inert; that is, they do not react chemically with The following categories can be used to name chemical compounds:
other elements or compounds. The most stable of all the elements. I. Binary compounds containing metal and nonmetal
• The stability is associated with the number of electrons that they contain. Many of the [Name metal first + root word of nonmetal + suffix -ide.]
atom of the main-group elements gain or lose electrons to form ions with the same Ex. AlCl3 [Aluminum + Chlor + -ide] Name: Aluminum Chloride
electron count as the nearest noble gas. CaI2 [Calcium + Iod + -ide] Name: Calcium Iodide
The Symbols for the Elements That Are Based on the Original Name II. Binary compounds containing both nonmetal
Current Name Original Name Symbol [Prefix + name of the 1st nonmetal + prefix for the 2nd nonmetal + root word of the
Antimony Stibium Sb 2nd nonmetal + suffix -ide]
Copper Cuprum Cu
Ex. CO2 [Carbon + di- + ox + -ide] Name: Carbon dioxide
Iron Ferrum Fe
N2O3 [di + Nitrogen + tri- + ox + -ide] Name: Dinitrogen trioxide
Lead Plumbum Pb
Mercury Hydrargyrum Hg
III. For metals with variable oxidation number
Potassium Kalium K i. Classical Method/Old System (-ic with a higher oxidation number, -ous
Silver Argentum Ag lower oxidation number)
Sodium Natrium Na [Use the Latin name of the element + suffix -ic/-ous + root word of the
Tin Stannum Sn second element + -ide]
Tungsten Wolfram W ii. Stock/English Method:
 [Use the English name of the element + oxidation number expressed in Other examples:
Roman Numeral number enclosed with parentheses] 1. MgO 6. CsClO4
Example: Fe+3 + S-2 : Fe2S3 = Iron (III) Sulfideb
Fe+2 + O-2 : FeO = Iron (II) Oxide 2. CsBr 7. N2O5
3. CuCl 8. H3PO4
Atoms with Latin Latin Name English Chemical Classical Stock Method
variable Name + suffix Name/Stock Formula Method 4. MnO2 9. Ti(NO3)4
oxidation Name
number
5. Na2SO4 10. CoBr2
Fe+3 Ferrum Ferr + -ous Iron (II) FeCl2 Ferrous Iron (II)
Chloride Chloride ACTIVITY: Name and write the correct formula of the following compounds.
Fe+2 Ferr + -ic Iron (III) FeCl3 Ferric Iron (III)
1. Ca3P2 6. Tin(IV) sulfate
Chloride Chloride
2. H2SO4 7. Auric fluoride
Cu+1 Cuprum Cupr + -ous Copper (I) CuCl Cuprous Copper (I)
Chloride Chloride 3. H2S 8. Phosphoric acid
Cu+2 Cupr + -ic Copper (II) CuCl2 Cupric Copper (II) 4. CuO 9. Disulfur trioxide
Chloride Chloride 5. Fe2O3 10. Calcium phosphide
IV. Binary Acids are named based on their anion (the ion attached to the hydrogen). In
simple binary acids, one ion is attached to hydrogen. WRITING CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND BALANCING CHEMICAL EQUATIONS
Names for such acids consist of the prefix “hydro-“, the first syllable of the anion, and Law of Conservation of Mass
the suffix “-ic” In the late eighteenth century, Antoine Lavoisier, a French chemist, recognized the
Example: HF(aq) = Hydrofluoric acid HBr(aq) = Hydrobromic acid importance of accurate measurements. He extensively studies and explained the nature of
HI(aq) = Hydroiodic acid HCl(aq) = Hydrochloric acid combustion. He found out that combustion involved reaction with oxygen. His experiments, in
V. Oxyacids or acids with oxygen which he carefully weighed the reactants and products of various reactions, suggested that
The acid name comes from the root name of the oxyanion or the central element of the mass is neither created nor destroyed. Lavoisier’s discovery of this law of conservation of
oxyanion. Suffixes are used based on the ending of the original name of the oxyanion. mass was the basis for the development in chemistry in the nineteenth century.
If the name of the polyatomic anion ends with -ate, change it to -ic.
If the name of the polyatomic anion ends with -ite, change it to -ous. A chemical change involves reorganization of the atoms in one or more substances. The law
When more than two oxyanions make up a series, hypo- (less than) and per- (more than) of conservation of mass requires that there must be exactly as many atoms among the
are used as prefixes to name the members of the series with the fewest and the most combined products of a chemical reaction as in its combined reactants.
oxygen atoms.
Example: Writing Chemical Reactions
Chemical Formula Polyatomic anion Name of the oxyacid Conventions and simple rules to follow in writing chemical equations.
HNO3 Nitrate (𝑁𝑂!" ) nitric acid 1. The starting material or substances called reactants are written on the left side and the
HNO2 Nitrite (𝑁𝑂#" ) nitrous acid resulting substances called products are written on the right side.
HC2H3O2 Acetate (𝐶# 𝐻! 𝑂#" ) Acetic acid 2. An arrow (→) is used to represent the conversion of the reactants to products. This may
HClO- Hypochlorite (ClO-) Hypochlorous acid literally mean “to yield” or “to form”. The plus sign (+) means “to react with” or “to combine
HClO4 Perchlorate (𝐶𝑙𝑂$" ) Perchloric acid with”.
VI. Hydrate is a term used in inorganic chemistry and organic chemistry to indicate that a Reactants → Products
substance contains loosely bonded water. The name of a hydrate follows a set pattern: 3. It is recommended that the states of the substances be indicated by placing the following
the name of the ionic compound followed by a numerical prefix and the suffix “- symbols after the formula of the substance (e.g. s, l, g, aq)
hydrate” 4. In a chemical reaction, the law of conservation of mass holds. A balanced equation
Example: CuSO4•5H2O is copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate conforms to this law. As mentioned in the previous lesson, the number of atoms of each
MgSO4•7H2O is magnesium sulfate heptahydrate kind on the left and right sides of the arrow must be equal.
VII. Polyatomic ions combined with elements or compounds that are composed of more
than one atom Balancing Equations
Example: In general, a balanced chemical equation is written in two steps:
Chemical Formula Chemical Name 1. Write the formula and state or phase of the reactants and products.
NH4NO3 ammonium nitrate 2. Balance the number of atoms of each kind by using coefficients. Write the
coefficients on the left side of the substances.
(NH4)2S ammonium sulfide
 *Note: the chemical formulas must not be changed. The subscripts must not be b.
Kind of Atom No. on the Left side No. on the Right side
changed. Only the coefficients are to be adjusted.

Example 1. When the methane (CH4) in natural gas combines with oxygen (O2) in the air
and burns, carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) are formed.
Strategy: c. Balanced Chemical Equation:_______________________________________
1. Identify the reactants and products:__________________________________ 2. Na(s) + H2O(l) → NaOH(s) + H2(g)
2. Indicate the states of substances by placing their symbols on the right side of the a. Reactant: Product:
substances:_______________________________________________________ b. Kind of Atom No. on the Left side No. on the Right side
3. Affix the number of molecules as coefficients at the left side of the substances:
_________________________________________________________________
4. Check the equation if it conforms with the Law of Conservation of Mass
A balanced equation conforms to the law of conservation of mass. Let us check if the c. Balanced Chemical Equation:_______________________________________
number of atoms of each kind on the left side of the reaction is equal to the number of 3. K2CrO4 (aq) + AgNO3(aq) → Ag2CrO4(s)+ KNO3(aq)
atoms of each kind on the right side of the equation. a. Reactant: Product:
Kind of Atom No. on the Left side No. on the Right side b. Kind of Atom No. on the Left side No. on the Right side
C
H
O
c. Balanced Chemical Equation:_______________________________________
Example 2. When aluminum and barium oxide are heated together, a vigorous reaction 4. Aqueous aluminum nitrate reacts with aqueous sodium hydroxide to form aqueous
begins, elemental barium and aluminum oxide, Al2O3, are formed. The equation is aluminum hydroxide and aqueous sodium nitrate.
2Al(l) + 3BaO(s) → Al2O3(s) + 3Ba(l) a. Chemical Equation: ____________________________________________
a. Identify the reactants and products: b. Reactant: Product:
b. Check the equation if it conforms with the Law of Conservation of Mass: c. Kind of Atom No. on the Left side No. on the Right side
Kind of Atom No. on the Left side No. on the Right side
Al
Ba
O
d. Balanced Chemical Equation:_______________________________________
Example 3. Two molecules of acetylene gas (C2H2) will react with 5 molecules of oxygen
5. Iron reacts with sulfuric acid to produce iron (III) sulfate and hydrogen gas
gas to produce 4 molecules of carbon dioxide gas and two molecules of water vapor.
a. Chemical Equation: ____________________________________________
Strategy:
b. Reactant: Product:
1. Identify the reactants and products:__________________________________
c. Kind of Atom No. on the Left side No. on the Right side
2. Indicate the states of substances by placing their symbols on the right side of the
substances:_______________________________________________________
3. Affix the number of molecules as coefficients at the left side of the substances:
_________________________________________________________________
4. Check the equation if it conforms with the Law of Conservation of Mass d.Balanced Chemical Equation:_______________________________________
Kind of Atom No. on the Left side No. on the Right side
C Sources: Bauer, R. (2016). General Chemistry (I and II). McGraw-Hill Education.
Esmade, M. C. (2020). General Chemistry 1: Determining Molar Mass, Chemical Reactions and Equations. Cagayan
H de Oro, Philippines.
O Zumdahl, S. S., Zumdahl, S. A., & DeCoste, D. J. (2018). Chemistry. Cengage Learning.
Catalig, C. B. (August, 2020). Isotopes and Chemical Compounds. Baguio City, Philippines.
ACTIVITY: Identify the reactants and products of the reaction and check the equation if it
conforms with the Law of Conservation of Mass by filling in the table. Then balance the Prepared by: Noted by:
chemical reactions
1. Cl2(g) + KBr(aq) → KCl(aq) + Br2(l) Hazel Ann S. Nipales Leonardo T. Zambrano
a. Reactant: Product: Science Teacher School Head