MIND MAP

FOR JEE ASPIRANTS

Inorganic Chemistry

d and f block

OM PANDEY , IIT Delhi

 Today’s Targets
1 Complete chapter in one shot
Group , Period & Atomic No

He
H
B C N O F Ne
Li Be

Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te l Xe

Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn

Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Uub Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og

Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu

Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
 Coinage Metals

Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn

Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd

La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg

Ac Rf

Cu Ag Au Pt Cr Nb Mo Ru Rh Pd
Electronic Configuration
Cu Ag Au Pt Cr Nb Mo Ru Rh Pd

3d Series Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn

4d Series Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd

5d Series La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg
The elements whose atoms or simple ions contain partially filled d-orbitals are
called transition metals. Zn , Cd , Hg
Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Most Common Oxidation State
+2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +1 +2
+3 +3 +3 +3 +3 +3 +3 +3 +2
+4 +4 +4 +4 +4 +4 +4 Highest Oxidation State
+5 +5 +5
+6 +6 +6
+7 Highest oxide : Mn2O7
Highest Mn fluoride : MnF4

The heavy elements in d – block stable at higher O.S.

Mo(VI) & W(VI) are found more stable than Cr(VI). Highest Oxidation State
Ru and Os : +8
Atomic Radius Nuclear Charge
Inter Electronic Repulsion

Sc to Cr : AR Decreases Nuclear charge dominates

Mn to Ni : AR Nearly constant NC = IER

Cu to Zn : AR Slightly increases IER dominates

Size : 4d series elements  5d series elements

Melting point and Boiling Point
➢ No. of unpaired electrons : Metallic bonding : M.P. / B.P.

➢ Chromium has highest M.P. among 3d-series.

❑ As Mn and Zn has stable configuration, so they won’t like to lose electron
for delocalization leads weak metallic bonding hence low M.P.

Heat of Atomization
The energy required to break 1 mole of metal lattice in to neutral metal atom
➢ No. of unpaired electrons : metallic bonding : heat of atomization.

➢ VANADIUM has highest heat of atomization among 3d-series.

❑ Mn and Zn has low enthalpy of atomization ?

 Interstitial Compounds
When small atoms ( H, C , N )
are trapped inside the crystal
lattices of metals.

Example : TiC , Mn4N , Fe3H , VH0 .56 and TiH1.7

Physical and Chemical Characteristics :
(i) They have high melting points, higher than those of pure metals.
(ii) They are very hard ( some borides approach diamond in hardness )
(iii) They retain metallic conductivity.
(iv) They are chemically inert.
Catalytic Activity ❑ Large surface area. ❑ Variable oxidation state.
❑ Ability to form complexes.
❑ Presence of empty d – orbitals.
Fe
Fe Habers Process N2 + H2
as promoter

Mn MnO2 Used as a catalyst in producing oxygen

MnO2
❑ KClO3 

Ti TiCl4 + Et3Al Ziegler Natta Catalyst Polythene from ethene

 V V2O5 V2O5 is used in Contact process

Cr Al2O3 + Cr2O3 Used for aromatization

The photographic industry relies on the special light-sensitive properties of AgBr.

OH- H+
MnO4– MnO42– CrO42– Cr2O72–
H+ OH–

Mn2O7
 Preparation of KMnO4

Mn2+ + S2O82– + H2O

Acidic Solution
MnO2 + KOH + O2

Fused with KOH Electrolytic oxidation

MnO2 oxidized with air/KNO3 in alkaline solution

I–

Mn2+ S2O32–
MnO4–
ZnO as catalyst
C2O42– KI

H2SO3 Fe2+(Green)

KMnO4 / H+
SO32– Oxalic acid

NO2– H2S
 Preparation of Potassium Dichromate

➢ From Chromite Ore : FeCr2O4 + Na2CO3 + O2

H2SO4 KCl
Na2CrO4

Orange crystals of potassium dichromate crystallise out

 H2S

Sn2+

K2Cr2O7/H+

Fe2+

I–

All Cu(II) halides are known except the iodide. In this case, Cu2+ oxidises I– to I2 .
 F Block Element Inner transition elements
Lanthanoids Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu

Electronic Configuration

❑ Lanthanoids generally show +3 oxidation

state
Lanthanoids Ce Yb

Lu

Mischmetall (alloy) which consists of a lanthanoid metal (~ 95%) and iron (~ 5%)

Magnetic Properties
d0 type ( Sc3+ ) and d14 type ( Zn2+ ) : Diamagnetic
f 0 type ( La3+ and Ce4+ ) and f 14 type ( Yb2+ and Lu3+ ) : Diamagnetic

Colour Deep Yellow CrO42– Cr2O72– Orange

MnO4–
Purple
 Actinides Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr

Silvery white metals

Radioactive metals

Trans-uranium Metals
Oxidation state of Actinides
Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6
7 7

Actinoid contraction is greater from element to element than

lanthanoid contraction. Why ?
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