wgwniÖm mv¤úªwZK nvB‽fv‽ëR wgwniÖm wmwi‽Ri mv¤úªwZK c„ôv- 1

mv¤úªwZK I Pjgvb NUbv cÖevn

evsjv‽`‽ki Dbœqbg~jK cÔKí
cÔK‽íi bvg Ae¯'vb ˆ`N©¨ (wK.wg.) A_©vq‽b D‽Øvab
e½eÜz Uv‡bj Av‡bvqviv-c‡Z½v, PÆMÔvg 3.32 evsjv‡`k I Pxb 28 A‡±vei, 2023
cÝv †mZz gvIqv-RvwRiv 6.15 evsjv‡`k I Pxb 25 Ryb, 2022
†g‡Uªv‡ij DËiv-gwZwSj Ask 20.1 evsjv‡`k I Rvcvb 4 b‡f¤^i, 2023
XvKv Gwj‡f‡UW KvIjv-dvg©‡MU Ask 11.5 - 2 †m‡Þ¤^i, 2023
G•‡cÔmI‡q
†`vnvRvix- †`vnvRvix-K·evRvi 101 evsjv‡`k I GwWwe 11 b‡f¤^i, 2023
K•evRvi †ijc_
evsjv‽`‽ki we`y¨r cÔKí
we`y¨r ‼K›`ª Drcv`b ÿgZv A_©vqb Dcv`vb Ae¯'vb
gvZvievox 1200 †gMvIqvU Rvcvb I evsjv‡`k Kqjv gvZvievox, K·evRvi
ivgcvj 1320 †gMvIqvU evsjv‡`k I fviZ Kqjv ivgcvj, ev‡MinvU
cvqiv 1320 †gMvIqvU evsjv‡`k I Pxb Kqjv Kjvcvov, cUzqvLvjx
iƒccyi cvigvYweK 2400 †gMvIqvU ivwkqv I fviZ BD‡iwbqvg iƒccyi, cvebv
we‽k^ wewfbœ NUbv PvjyKvix wn‽m‽e evsjv‽`k
5G †mev PvjyKvix †`k wn‡m‡e evsjv‡`k 9g mve‡gwib hy‡M evsjv‡`k 41Zg
cigvYy K¬v‡ei GwjU m`m¨ wn‡m‡e evsjv‡`k 33Zg m¨v‡UjvBU D‡ËvjbKvix †`k wn‡m‡e evsjv‡`k 57Zg
†g‡Uªv‡ij PvjyKvix †`k wn‡m‡e evsjv‡`k 36Zg B-cvm‡cvU© PvjyKvix †`k wn‡m‡e evsjv‡`k 119Zg
wewfbœ cÔK‽íi wWRvBbvi
cÖK‡íi bvg wWRvBbvi
†g‡Uªv‡i‡ji †jv‡Mvi wWRvBbvi Avjx Avnmvb wbkvb
nhiZ kvnRvjvj AvšÍR©vwZK wegvbe›`‡ii 3q Uvwg©bv‡ji wWRvBbvi †ivnvwb evnvwib
K•evRvi AvBKwbK †ij †÷k‡bi ¯'cwZ †gvnv¤§` d‡qR Djøvn
evsjv‽`‽ki b`-b`x wb‽q RvZxq b`xiÿv Kwgk‽bi wi‽cvU© -2023
 ‼`‽ki ‼gvU b`xc‽_i ˆ`N©¨ Ñ 22,000 wK‡jvwgUvi| b`-b`xi msL¨v Ñ 1008wU|
 evsjv‽`‽ki `xN©Zg b`x Ñ cÙv b`x (341 wK.wg), wØZxq Ñ BQvgwZ b`x (11wU †Rjvi ga¨ w`‡q cÔevwnZ)
 me‽P‽q ‼ewk b`x cÔevwnZ n‽q‽Q ‼h ‼Rjvi Dci w`‽q Ñ mybvgMÃ †Rjv (97wU)
 me‽P‽q ‼ewk b`x cÔevwnZ n‽q‽Q ‼h wefvM w`‽q Ñ XvKv wefvM (222wU)
 evsjv‽`‽ki me‽P‽q ÿz`ª b`x Ñ Mvw½bv (0.032 wK.wg. ev 32 wgUvi); Ae¯'vb Ñ gqgbwmsn|
evsjv‽`‽ki weg~Z© mvs¯‹…wZK HwZn¨ (Intangible Cultural Heritage) - 5wU
 ‼`‽ki 5g ¯^xK…wZ cvIqv BD‽b‽¯‹vi ÓAcwi‽gq ev weg~Z© mvs¯‹…wZK HwZn¨Õ Ñ XvKvi ÔwiKvkv I wiKkvwPÎÕ|
 BD‡b‡¯‹v XvKvi ÓwiKkv I wiKkvwPÎÕ-‡K G ¯^xK…wZ †`q Ñ 6 wW‡m¤^i, 2023 (eZ‡mvqvbvi Kvmvb kn‡i
ÓBb‡UbwRej KvjPvivj †nwi‡UR Ae wnDg¨vwbwUÕ msiÿY welqK 2023 Kb‡fbk‡bi Pjgvb AvšÍtivóªxq
cwil‡`i 18Zg Awa‡ek‡b)
mv¤úªwZK Avc‽WU I eBwUi Dci cixÿv w`‽Z R‽qb Kiæb: Mihir’s GK & Mihir’s GK wd« G·vg e¨vP
wgwniÖm mv¤úªwZK nvB‽fv‽ëR wgwniÖm wmwi‽Ri mv¤úªwZK c„ôv- 2
 m¤úªwZ 6 wW‽m¤^i, 2023 ÔBdZviÕ-‼K weg~Z© mvs¯‹…wZK HwZn¨ wn‽m‽e ¯^xK…wZ ‼`q BD‽b‽¯‹vÑ Bivb, ZzwK©‡q,
AvRvievBRvb I DR‡ewK¯Ív‡bi Av‡e`‡bi †cÔwÿ‡Z|
mvs¯‹…wZK HwZn¨ †NvlYvi mgq AšÍf©yw³i mgq
evDj Mvb 2005 2008
Rvg`vbx eq‽bi AZzjbxq c×wZ - 2013
c‽njv ˆekv‽Li g½i ‼kvfvhvÎv - 30 b‡f¤^i, 2016
kxZj cvwU - 6 wW‡m¤^i, 2017
XvKvi ÔwiKkv I wiKkvwPÎÕ - 6 wW‡m¤^i, 2023
UNESCO ‼NvwlZ evsjv‽`‽ki wek¦ HwZn¨Ñ3wU
wek^ HwZn¨evnx ¯'vb (World Heritage Site): evsjv‡`‡ki 3wU ¯'vb wek^ HwZn¨evnx ¯'v‡bi ZvwjKvq wjwce× n‡q‡Q|
h_v:
wek^ HwZn¨evnx ¯’vb Ae¯’vb mvj Zg
lvU M¤^yR gmwR` ev‡MinvU 1985 mv‡j 321Zg
‼mvgcyi wenvi/ cvnvocyi wenvi bIMuv 1985 mv‡j 322Zg
my›`ieb evsjv‡`k 6 wW‡m¤^i, 1997 798Zg
‼dve©m mvgwqKx-2023
 hy³ivóª ‼_‽K cÔKvwkZ GKwU g¨vMvwRb cÔKvkbv ms¯'v Ñ †dve©m|
 ‼dve©m Gi m`i `ßi Ñ wbDBqK© wmwU, hy³ivóª| cÔKvk Ñ 1917 mvj †_‡K|
Dimyjv fb Wvi wj‡qb wµw÷b jvMv`© Kgjv n¨vwim †kL nvwmbv

kxl© ÿgZvai bvix| wØZxq ÿgZvai bvix| Z…Zxq ÿgZvai bvix| eZ©gv‡b 46Zg ÿgZvai bvix|
eZ©gv‡b BD‡ivcxq Kwgk‡bi BD‡ivcxq †K›`ªxq hy³iv‡óªi eZ©gvb 2022 mv‡j 42Zg ÿgZvai bvix
(EC) †cÔwm‡W›U e¨vs‡Ki †cÔwm‡W›U| fvBm †cÔwm‡W›U| wQ‡jb|
 ÓivRbxwZ I bxwZÖ ‼kÔwY‽Z 18 ÿgZvai bvixi g‽a¨ cÔavbgš¿x ‼kL nvwmbvi Ae¯'vb Ñ beg|
 eZ©gv‽b we‽k^ me‽P‽q ‼ewk mgq a‽i ÿgZvq _vKv bvix cÔavbgš¿x Ñ †kL nvwmbv|
UvBg mvgwqKx-2023
UvBg g¨vMvwR‽bi Ócvimb Ae `¨ BqviÖ n‽jb †UBji myBdU (gvwK©b msMxZ wkíx)
A¨v_‽jU Ae `¨ Bqvi n‽jb wjI‡bj †gwm (Av‡R©w›Ubvi dzUejvi)
mv¤úªwZK Z_¨ KwYKvq XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq
XvKv wek^we`¨vj‽qi  hZZg mgveZ©b- 53Zg
mgveZ©b-2022  AbywôZ- 19 b‡f¤^i, 2022
 cÖavb e³v- 2014 mv‡j A_©bxwZ‡Z †bv‡ej weRqx divwm A_©bxwZwe` Aa¨vcK W. R¨v wZ‡ivj
mv¤úªwZK Avc‽WU I eBwUi Dci cixÿv w`‽Z R‽qb Kiæb: Mihir’s GK & Mihir’s GK wd« G·vg e¨vP
wgwniÖm mv¤úªwZK nvB‽fv‽ëR wgwniÖm wmwi‽Ri mv¤úªwZK c„ôv- 3
XvKv wek^we`¨vj‽qi  mgq- 29 A‡±vei, 2023
we‽kl mgveZ©b-  mgveZ©b e³vÑ cÔavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv
2023  m¤§vbm~PK ÓW±i Ae jR wWwMÔÖ (gi‽YvËi) jvf Ki‽ebÑ e½eÜz
 GB m¤§vbm~PK wWwMÔ MÔnY K‡ibÑ †kL nvwmbv|
e½eÜz I XvKv  e½eÜz Xvwe‽Z fwZ© nb Ñ 1948 mv‡j wcZvi civg‡k© AvBb wefv‡M Gg G †kÔwY‡Z|
wek¦we`¨vjq  ewn¯‹vi nb Ñ 1949 mv‡j PZz_© †kÔwYi Kg©Pvix‡`i AwaKvi Av`v‡q|
 QvÎZ¡ wd‡i cvb Ñ 14 AvM÷, 2010 mv‡j|
 e½eÜz AvevwmK QvÎ wQ‡jb Ñ mwjgyjøvn gymwjg n‡ji (Gg Gg nj)
 e½eÜz ¯^vaxbZvi ci Xvwei mgveZ©‡b Dcw¯'Z _vKvi K_v wQj Ñ 15 AvM÷, 1975 mv‡j
XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi 40Zg mgveZ©‡b|
 7 gvP© feb I 7 gvP© Rv`yNi Aew¯'Z Ñ XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi †iv‡Kqv n‡j|
W. G Gm Gg gvKmy`  XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi 29Zg DcvPvh© wn‡m‡e wb‡qvM jvf K‡ibÑ 15 A‡±vei, 2023|
Kvgvj  Rb¥ Ñ 1966 mv‡j, j²xcyi †Rjvq|
 Aa¨vcK wQ‡jb Ñ XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi ÓwWRv÷vi mv‡qÞ GÛ K¬vB‡gU †iwRwj‡qÞÕ wefv‡Mi|
e½Üzi ‼Pqvi Aa¨vcK  Xvwei BwZnvm wefv‡M ¯'vwcZ e½eÜz †Pqvi Aa¨vcK wn‡m‡e wb‡qvM cvb Ñ Xvwei Bs‡iwR
wefv‡Mi Aa¨vcK W. dLiæj Avjg (2 eQ‡ii Rb¨)
Xvwei M‽elYv ‼gjv  Xvwei kZel© Dcj‡ÿ 2022 mv‡j M‡elYv †gjv AbywôZ nq|
÷vU© Avc ÷zwWI  AvBwU Lv‡Zi Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ Xvwe cÔwZôv Ki‡Z hv‡”Q Ñ ÷vU© Avc ÷zwWI|
cvewjK ‼nj_ wefvM  1 b‡f¤^i, 2023 XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Rxe weÁvb Abyl‡`i Aax‡b 84Zg wefvM wn‡m‡e
ÓcvewjK †nj_Õ wefv‡Mi hvÎv ïiæ K‡i|
W. Aveyj eviKvZ  Xvwei Óe½eÜz †kL gywRe wimvP© Bbw÷wUDU di wcm GÛ wjevwU©Õ Gi 3 eQ‡ii Rb¨ bZzb cwiPvjK
mv¤úªwZK wi‽cv‽U© evsjv‽`‽ki wKQz WvUv
IMF Gi g‽Z eZ©gv‽b evsjv‽`k A_©bxwZ‽Z 35Zg
2037 mv‽j A_©bxwZ‽Z evsjv‽`k n‽e 20Zg
bvixi ÿgZvq‽b evsjv‽`k 59Zg
eZ©gv‽b e¨vsK ‼iU 4%
‼i‽cv ‼iU (c‽jwm ‼iU) 7.25%
SDF (wifvm© ‼i‽cv ‼iU) 5.25%
SLF ‼iU 9.25%
FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) 3.48 wewjqb
ev‽R‽U we‽`wk F‽Yi cwigvY 1 jÿ 2 nvRvi 490 †KvwU UvKv
FY ‼Ljvwci cwigvY 1 jÿ 56 nvRvi 39 †KvwU UvKv
evsjv‽`‽ki ißvwbi cwigvY 55.56 wewjqb (EPB)/ 52.34 wewjqb (evsjv‡`k e¨vsK)
evsjv‽`‽ki Avg`vwb 69.5 wewjqb (evsjv‡`k e¨vsK)
eZ©gv‽b wRwWwc MYbvi wfwË eQi 2021-2022
eZ©gv‽b ‼`‽k e¨vsK ewnf©~Z Avw_©K cÔwZôvb 36wU (me©‡kl cÔwZôvb Ñ bM` dvBb¨vÞ wc Gj wm)
evsjv‽`k e¨vsK eQ‽i gy`ªvbxwZ ‼NvlYv K‽i 2 evi
evsjv‽`k e¨vsK ‼h cÔwZôvb‽K wWwRUvj e¨vsK 2wU cÖwZôvb (bM` wWwRUvj e¨vsK I Kwi wWwRUvj e¨vsK)
wn‽m‽e Aby‽gv`b ‼`q
eZ©gv‽b ‼`‽k ‼gvU wegv ‼Kv¤úvwbi msL¨v 82wU
mv¤úªwZK Avc‽WU I eBwUi Dci cixÿv w`‽Z R‽qb Kiæb: Mihir’s GK & Mihir’s GK wd« G·vg e¨vP
wgwniÖm mv¤úªwZK nvB‽fv‽ëR wgwniÖm wmwi‽Ri mv¤úªwZK c„ôv- 4
Avgvi MÖvg Avgvi kni (cjøx Dbœq‽bi ‼gMv cÔKí)
 GK‽b‽K cvm nq Ñ 18 RyjvB, 2023|
 cÔKíwUi ‼gqv` Ñ RyjvB, 2023-Ryb, 2026|
 ev¯Íevqb Ki‽e Ñ ¯'vbxq miKvi cÔ‡KŠkj Awa`ßi Ges Rb¯^v¯'¨ cÔ‡KŠkj Awa`ßi|
 D‽Ïk¨ Ñ kn‡ii Pvc Kwg‡q †`kRy‡o mylg Dbœq‡bi gva¨‡g MÔv‡g bvMwiK myweav wbwðZKiY|
 eZ©gv‽b cjøx Dbœqb ‼K›`ªÑ 4wU
Øv`k RvZxq msm` wbe©vPb
 cÔavb wbe©vPb Kwgkbvi Øv`k RvZxq msm` wbe©vP‽bi Zdwmj ‼NvlYv K‽ib Ñ 15 b‡f¤^i, 2023|
 wbe©vP‽bi ‼fvU MÔnY AbywôZ nq Ñ 7 Rvbyqvwi, 2024|
 eZ©gv‽b wbewÜZ ivR‰bwZK `j Ñ 44wU|
 Øv`k msm` wbe©vP‽b AskMÔnY K‽i Ñ 28wU `j|
 eZ©gvb cÖavb wbe©vPb Kwgkbvi Ñ KvRx nvweeyj AvDqvj|
 4 Rb wbe©vPb Kwgkbvi Ñ †eMg iv‡k`v myjZvbv, †gv. Avnmvb nvwee Lvb, †gv. AvjgMxi I †gv. Avwbmyi ingvb|
 Bwm wbe©vPb ch©‽eÿ‽Yi Aby‽gv`b ‼`qÑ 40wU ms¯'v‡K (¯'vbxqfv‡e 84 wU †K)
 Uvbv PZz_© ev‽ii gZ cÔavbgš¿x wn‽m‽e wbe©vwPZ nbÑ †kL nvwmbv
mv¤úªwZK Z_¨ `c©Y
MYnZ¨v-wbh©vZb AvK©vBf 13 b‡f¤^i, 2023 `wÿY Gwkqvi GKgvÎ MYnZ¨v Rv`yNi-1971: MYnZ¨v-wbh©vZb
I Rv`yNi feb AvK©vBf I Rv`yNi Gi 6 Zjv wewkó AvaywbK feb Lyjbvi 26 mvD_ †m›Uªvj †iv‡W
D‡Øvab K‡ib Ñ cÔavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv|
47 L‽Ð evsjv‽`k ‼KvW 23 A‡±vei, 2023 evsjv‡`‡ki cÔPwjZ me AvBb GKÎ K‡i †gvU 47 L‡Ð Ó`¨
evsjv‡`k †KvWÕ-Gi †gvoK D‡¤§Pb K‡ib Ñ cÔavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv|
‼`‽ki cÔ_g miKvwi 31 A‡±vei, 2023 ÓGK‡bKÕ †MvcvjM‡Ã †`‡ki cÔ_g miKvwi f¨vKwmb cøv›U Aby‡gv`b
f¨vKwmb cøv›U †`q|
b¨vkbvj ‼ivwgs hy‽M 1 b‡f¤^i, 2023 †UwjUK I evsjvwjsK †`‡ki cÔ_gev‡ii g‡Zv ÓRvZxq †ivwgs wdì
evsjv‽`k UªvqvjÕ Pvjy K‡i| we‡k¦i 22wU †`‡k †ivwgs Uªvqvj Pvjy i‡q‡Q|
g„Zz¨Ãqx cÔv½Y 10 b‡f¤^i, 2023 XvKvi weRq miYx‡Z e½eÜzi fv¯‹h© Óg„Zz¨Ãqx cÔv½YÕ ¯'vcb Kiv nq|
exi‽kÔô fv¯‹h© mvZ exi‡kÔ‡ôi ¯§i‡Y ÓAvgiv †Zvgv‡`i fyje bvÕ fv¯‹h©wU wbwg©Z nq XvKv †mbvwbev‡m|
‼cvkvK wk‽í bZzb gRywi †cvkvK kÔwgK‡`i b~¨bZg gRywii †M‡RU cÔKvk Ñ 11 b‡f¤^i, 2023| eZ©gv‡b gvwmK
b~¨bZg †gvU gRywi 12,500 UvKv| Kvh©Ki nq Ñ 1 wW‡m¤^i, 2023 †_‡K|
Artificial 2023 mv‡ji †miv kã Ñ Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Intelligence
e„nËg mvi KviLvbv evsjv‡`‡ki e„nËg mvi KviLvbv Ñ †Nvovkvj cjvk dvwU©jvBRvi wcGjwm|
Pvjy nq Ñ 12 b‡f¤^i, 2023| GwU `wÿY Gwkqvi e„nËg mvi KviLvbv|
Drcv`b ÿgZv Ñ ˆ`wbK 2,800 †gwUªK Ub MÔvbyjvi BDwiqv mvi|
mv¤úªwZK mg‽q Av‽jvwPZ e¨w³
gviæd nvmvb †`‡ki cÔ_g wcZ…ZK ¡ vjxb QzwU †fvM Kiv e¨w³|
mvqgv Iqv‽R` cyZzj wek¦ ¯^v¯'¨ ms¯'vi (WHO) mvD_ Gwkqv wi‡Rv‡bi AvÂwjK cwiPvjK nb|
f¨vwj PvKgv evsjv‡`‡ki ÿz`ª b„-†Mvôxi cÔ_g bvix e¨vwi÷vi ivOvgvwUi f¨vwj PvKgv|
‼gvQv. AvwQqv LvZzb `ybx© wZ `gb Kwgk‡bi (`y`K) cÔ_g bvix Kwgkbvi †gvQv. AvwQqv LvZzb|
mv¤úªwZK Avc‽WU I eBwUi Dci cixÿv w`‽Z R‽qb Kiæb: Mihir’s GK & Mihir’s GK wd« G·vg e¨vP
wgwniÖm mv¤úªwZK nvB‽fv‽ëR wgwniÖm wmwi‽Ri mv¤úªwZK c„ôv- 5
dvnwg`v Bmjvg †`‡ki cÔ_g bvix wnmve gnvwbqš¿K (CGA) dvnwg`v Bmjvg|
kv‽n`v gy¯ÍvwdR evsjv‡`‡ki cÔ_g bvix Kw¤úDUvi †cÔvMÔvgvi kv‡n`v gy¯ÍvwdR|
dvwZgv Bqvmwgb Gkxq Dbœqb e¨vsK (ADB) G cÔ_g evsjv‡`wk fvBm †cÔwm‡W›U nb dvwZgv Bqvmwgb|
W. i椧vb ‼P×ayix UvBg g¨vMvwR‡bi AI-100 Gi ZvwjKvq ¯'vb †c‡q‡Qb W. i椧vb †PŠayix|
3wU ‼ivM wbg©~‽j AvšÍR©vwZK ¯^xK…wZ ‼cj evsjv‽`k
‼cvwjI-2014 KvjvR¦i-2023 dvB‽jwiqv-2023
nvgvm I Bmiv‽qj msNvZ
 nvgvm Bmiv‽q‽j i‽KU nvgjv Pvjvq Ñ 7 A‡±vei, 2023|
 nvgvm wbqwš¿Z wdwjw¯Í‽bi MvRvq Bmiv‽qj me©vZ¥K hy× ‼NvlvYv K‽i Ñ 8 A‡±vei, 2023|
 Bmiv‽q‽j nvgv‽mi Awfhv‽bi bvg Ñ Acv‡ikb Avj AvKmv d¬vW (nvgv‽mi mvgwiK kvLv ÓAvj Kvmmvg we‽MÔWÖ
GB Acv‽ik‽bi bvg ‼`q Ñ Acv‡ikb Avj AvKmv ÷ªg)
 MvRvq nvgv‽mi weiæ‽× Bmiv‽q‽ji Awfhv‽bi bvg Ñ Acv‡ikb Avqib †mvW©m (†jŠn Zievwi Awfhvb)
 gvwK©b ‼cÔwm‽W›U ‼Rv evB‽Wb Bmiv‽qj mdi K‽ib Ñ 18 A‡±vei, 2023|
 Bmiv‽q‽ji b„ksm nvgjvq wdwjw¯Íwb‽`i g„Zz¨i cÔwZev‽` evsjv‽`k ‼kvK w`em cvjb K‽i Ñ 21 A‡±vei, 2023
 MvRvq Bmiv‽qwj mwnsmZv e‽Ü wgki kvwšÍ m‽¤§j‽bi Av‽qvRb K‽i Ñ 21 A‡±vei, 2023|
 MvRv kn‽ii e„nËg nvmcvZvj ÓAvj wkdv nvmcvZv‽jÖ Bmiv‽qwj Gqvi ‼dvm© (IAF) nvgjv K‽i Ñ 3 b‡f¤^i, 2023
 MvRvq 6 w`‽bi hy× weiwZ Pzw³ nq Ñ 24 b‡f¤^i, 2023 (ga¨¯'Zv K‽ib Ñ KvZvi, wgki I hy³ivóª)
 MvRv AÂ‽j 6 kiYv_©x wkwei Ñ Lvb BDbym, ivdv, gvNvwR, Avj kvwZ, Rvevwjqv I ey‡iR|
 Bmiv‽q‽j nvgv‽mi nvgjvi ci Bmiv‽q‽ji ‼NvwlZ ¸ß nZ¨v wgk‽bi cÔ_g wkKvi nbÑ mv‡jn Avj Av‡iŠwi
 MvRvq Bmiv‽q‽ji MYnZ¨vi ‼cÔwÿ‽Z AvBwm‽R‽Z gvgjv K‽iÑ `wÿY Avwd«Kv ***
nvgvm dvZvn
 A_©- DÏxcbv  A_©- weRq
 cÖwZôv- 1987 mv‡j  cÖwZôv- 1959 mv‡j
 cÖwZôvZv- ‡kL Avn‡g` BqvwQb I Ave‡`j AvwRR  cÖwZôvZv- Bqvwmi AvivdvZ
 m`i `ßi- MvRv, wdwjw¯Íb  m`i `ßi- ivgvjøv, cwðg Zxi
 AwaK…Z AÂjÑ MvRv  AwaK…Z AÂj- cwðg Zxi
 eZ©gvb cÖavb- BmgvBj nvwbqv  eZ©gvb cÖavb- gvngy` Aveßvm
Lvwj¯Ívb Av‽›`vj‽bi ‼bZv ni`xc wms wb¾‽ii nZ¨vKvÐ
 ni`xc wms‽K nZ¨v Kiv nq Ñ 18 Ryb, 2023 mv‡j KvbvWvi weªwUk Kjw¤^qvi cÔ‡`‡ki mywi kn‡ii ¸iæ `yqvivi mvg‡b
 Rb¥ Ñ cvÄve, fviZ| RvZxqZv Ñ KvbvwWq|
 Lvwj¯Ívb‽K ¯^vaxb Ki‽Z ni`xc wms Gi msMVb Ñ KTF (KvbvWvi Lvwj¯Ívb UvBMvim †dvm© )
 KvbvWvi cÔavbgš¿x Rvw÷ªb Uªy‽Wv ni`xc wms wb¾i nZ¨v Kv‽Ð fvi‽Zi ‼Mv‽q›`v ms¯'v ÔRAW’ Gi m¤ú„³Zv
i‽q‽Q e‽j Awf‽hvM K‽ib Ñ 18 †m‡Þ¤^i, 2023|
 Rvw÷ªb Uªy‽Wv G NUbv Rvb‽Z cv‽i Ñ ÓdvBf AvBmÕ †Mv‡q›`v Z‡_¨i gva¨‡g|
 ÓdvBf AvBmÖ ‼Rv‽Ui m`m¨ Ñ 5wU (hy³ivóª, hy³ivR¨, KvbvWv, A‡÷ªwjqv I wbDwRj¨vÛ)
 fvi‽Zi ‼gv÷ Iqv‽›UW Rw½ wn‽m‽e wPwþZ wQ‽jb Ñ ni`xc wms wb¾i|
 wkL a‽g©i cÔv_©bv ‼K‽›`ªi bvg Ñ ¸iæ `yqviv| wkL a‽g©i cÔeZ©K Ñ ¸iæ bvbK|
mv¤úªwZK Avc‽WU I eBwUi Dci cixÿv w`‽Z R‽qb Kiæb: Mihir’s GK & Mihir’s GK wd« G·vg e¨vP
wgwniÖm mv¤úªwZK nvB‽fv‽ëR wgwniÖm wmwi‽Ri mv¤úªwZK c„ôv- 6
Exclusive Smart MCQ Practice-01
1. 28 A‽±vei, 2023 D‽ØvabK…Z `wÿY Gwkqvi cÔ_g 9. 29 A‽±vei, 2023 XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‽qi we‽kl mgveZ©‽b
Uv‽bj L¨vZ Óe½eÜz ‼kL gywReyi ingvb Uv‽bjÖ Gi ˆ`N©¨Ñ ÔW±i Ae jm wWwMÖÕ cÖ`vb Kiv nqÑ
K. 3.32 wK.wg L. 4.8 wK.wg K. †kL nvwmbv L. e½eÜz
M. 6.15 wK.wg N. 21.26 wK.wg DËi:K M. R¨v wZ‡ivj N. Avãyj nvwg` DËi:L
2. KqjvwfwËK gvZvievox we`y¨r cÔK‽íi Drcv`b ÿgZvÑ 10. eZ©gv‽b evsjv‽`k wek¦ A_©bxwZ‽Z Ae¯'vbÑ
K. 660 †gMvIqvU L. 1200 †gMvIqvU K. 20Zg L. 23Zg M. 35Zg N. 37Zg DËi:M
M. 1320 †gMvIqvU N. 2400 †gMvIqvU DËi:L 11. ÓAvgvi MÔvg, Avgvi kniÖ GK‽b‽K cvm nq-
3. evsjv‽`k cigvYy K¬v‽ei KZZg GwjU m`m¨? K. 18 RyjvB, 2023 L. 2 †m‡Þ¤^i, 2023
K. 32Zg L. 33Zg M. 36Zg N. 41Zg DËi:L M. 28 A‡±vei, 2023 N. 11 b‡f¤^i, 2023 DËi:K
4. ‼g‽Uªv‽ij PvjyKvix ‼`k wn‽m‽e evsjv‽`‽ki Ae¯'vbÑ 12. 7 Rvbyqvwi, 2024 KZZg RvZxq msm` wbe©vPb n‽e?
K. 33Zg L. 36Zg M. 41Zg N. 57Zg DËi:L K. `kg L. GKv`k
5. K‾evRv‽ii AvBKwbK ‼ij‽÷k‽bi ¯'cwZÑ M. Øv`k N. ·qv`k DËi:M
K. Avjx Avnmvb wbkvb L. †ivnvwb evnvwib 13. 8 A‽±vie, 2023 MvRvq Bmiv‽q‽ji Awfhv‽bi bvg-
M. †gv. d‡qR Djøvn N. G Gd ingvb DËi:M K. Acv‡ikb Avqib †mvW©
6. RvZxq b`xiÿv Kwgk‽bi g‽Z evsjv‽`‽ki `xN©Zg b`x- L. Acv‡ikb Avj AvKmv d¬vW
K. †gNbv L. BQvgwZ M. eªþcyÎ N. cÙv DËi:N M. Acv‡ikb BwšÍdv`v N. Acv‡ikb byLev DËi:K
7. m¤úªwZ 6 wW‽m¤^i, 2023 BD‽b‽¯‹vi weg~Z© ms¯‹…wZi cÂg 14. 18 Ryb, 2023 ni`xc wms wb¾i †K †Kv_vq nZ¨v Kiv nq?
Ask wn‽m‽e ¯^xK…wZ ‼cj evsjv‽`‽ki Ñ
K. A‡Uvqv L. Kjw¤^qv
K. evDj Mvb L. g½j‡kvfv hvÎv
M. KzB‡eK N. gw›Uªj DËi:L
M. kxZj cvwU N. wiKkv I wiKkv wPÎ DËi:N
15. MYnZ¨v-wbh©vZb AvK©Bf I Rv`yNi feb D‽Øvab Kiv nq-
8. ‼dvem© mvgwqKx 2023 Abyhvqx ÓivRbxwZ I bxwZÖ ‼kÔwY‽Z
K. XvKv L. PÆMÖvg
cÔavbgš¿x ‼kL nvwmbvi Ae¯'vb Ñ
M. e¸ov N. Lyjbv DËi:N
K. beg L. 18Zg M. 42Zg N. 46Zg DËi:K
A_©‰bwZK mgxÿv-2023 ****
cÖwZ eQi cÖKvwkZ nq A_© gš¿Yvj‡qi ÓA_© wefvMÕ †_‡K
‼gvU RbmsL¨v 16 †KvwU 98 jÿ 3 nvRvi
RbmsL¨v e„w×i nvi (%) 1.3%
cyiæl-bvixi AbycvZ 98.1 : 100
RbmsL¨vi NbZ¡ 1153 Rb (cÖwZ eM© wK.wg.)
¯'~j Rb¥nvi (cÔwZ nvRv‽i) 18.8 Rb
¯'~j g„Zz¨nvi(cÔwZ nvRv‽i) 5.7 Rb
cÔwZ nvRv‽i wkï g„Zz¨i nvi 22 Rb
cÖRbb nvi 2.05%
Rb¥ wbqš¿Y c×wZ e¨envi 65.6%
cÔZ¨vwkZ Mo Avqy®‹vj 72.3 eQi (cyiæl- 70.6, bvix- 74.1)
my‽cq cvwb cvb 98.2 kZvsk
¯^v¯'¨m¤§Z cvqLvbv e¨enviKvix 85.8 kZvsk
mvÿiZvi nvi (7 eQ‽ii ‼ewk) 76.4 kZvsk (cyiæl-78.6% I gwnjv- 74.2%)
‼gvU kÔgkw³ (15eQi +) 7.34% (cyiæl- 4.75%, gwnjv- 2.59%)
kÔg kw³‽Z wb‽qvwRZ K…wl 45.33%, wkí 17.02% I †mevLvZ 37.65 kZvsk
mv¤úªwZK Avc‽WU I eBwUi Dci cixÿv w`‽Z R‽qb Kiæb: Mihir’s GK & Mihir’s GK wd« G·vg e¨vP
wgwniÕm mv¤úªwZK nvB‽fv‽ëR wgwniÖm wmwi‽Ri mv¤úªwZK c„ôv- 7
`vwi‽`ª¨i nvi 18.7 kZvsk
Pig `vwi‽`ª¨i nvi 5.6 kZvsk
PjwZ g~‽j¨ wRwWwci AvKvi 44,39,273 †KvwU UvKv
PjwZ g~‽j¨ gv_vwcQz Avq (GNI) 2765 gvwK©b Wjvi
PjwZ g~‽j¨ gv_vwcQz wRwWwc 2657 gvwK©b Wjvi
w¯'i g~‽j¨ wRwWwcÖi cÔe„w× nvi 6.03%
gy`ªvùxwZ 9.24%
Wv³vi I RbmsL¨vi AbycvZ 1 t 1724
Avwe®‹…Z M¨vm ‼ÿÎ 29wU
evsjv‽`k me‽P‽q ‼ewk ißvwb K‽i hy³iv‡óª [‰Zwi †cvkvK (RMG)]
evsjv‽`k me‽P‽q ‼ewk Avg`vwb K‽i Pxb †_‡K
‼gvU Zdwmjfz³ e¨vsK 61wU (ivóªqvË evwYwR¨K e¨vsKÑ 6wU, we‽klvwqZÑ 3wU,
‼emiKvwiÑ 43wU I ˆe‽`wkKÑ 9wU)
evsjv‽`‽ki RvZxq ev‽RU 2023-24
ev‽RU 52Zg (AšÍe©ZxKvjxbmn 53Zg)
ev‽RU ‼NvlYv 1 Ryb, 2023
msm‽` ev‽RU cvk 26 Ryb, 2023
ev‽RU Kvh©Ki nq 1 RyjvB, 2023
ev‽RU DÐvcb K‽ib A_©gš¿x Av n g gy¯Ídv Kvgvj (5g ev‡RU)
‼gvU ev‽R‽Ui AvKvi 7 jÿ 61 nvRvi 785 †KvwU UvKv
mvgwMÖK Avq (ivR¯^ I Aby`vbmn) 5 jÿ †KvwU UvKv
mvgwMÖK NvUwZ (Aby`vbmn) 2 jÿ 57 nvRvi 885 †KvwU UvKv
evwl©K Dbœqb Kg©m~wP (ADP) 2 jÿ 63 nvRvi †KvwU UvKv
fZ©ywK I cÔ‽bv`bv 82 nvRvi 745 †KvwU UvKv
ev‽R‽Ui ‼¯øvMvb ÔDbœq‡bi AwfhvÎvi †`o `kK †cwi‡q ¯§vU© evsjv‡`‡ki AMÔhvÎvÕ
GDPÕi cÔe„w×i nv‽ii jÿ¨gvÎv 7.5 kZvsk
gy`ªvýxwZi nv‽ii jÿ¨gvÎv 6.0 kZvsk
ev‽R‽U eivÏK…Z LvZ
m‽e©v”P eivÏK…Z LvZ RbcÔkvmb (1 jÿ 67 nvRvi 880 †KvwU UvKv) 22.0%
wØZxq m‽e©v”P eivÏK…Z LvZ wkÿv I cªhyw³ (1 jÿ 4 nvRvi 137 †KvwU UvKv) 13.7%
Z…Zxq eivÏK…Z LvZ cwienb I †hvMv‡hvM (87 nvRvi 629 †KvwU UvKv) 11.5%
Kigy³ Avqmxgv
mvaviY e¨w³i Kigy³ Avqmxgv 3 jÿ 50 nvRvi UvKv cÔwZeÜx e¨w³ I Z…Zxq wj½ 4 jÿ 75 nvRvi UvKv
gwnjv I 65 eQ‽ii Daß© e¨w³ 4 jÿ UvKv hy×vnZ gyw³‽hv×v (‼M‽RUfz³) 5 jÿ UvKv
ev‽RU wb‽q we‽kl Z_¨
 eQ‽ii GKwU wbw`©ó mg‽qi Avq e¨‽qi wnmve wbKvk‽KB ejv nqÑ ev‡RU|
 ev‽RU kãwUi DrcwË divwm kãÑBoudgette ‡_‡K, hvi A_©Ñ e¨vM ev _‡j|
 evsjv‽`‽k G ch©šÍ AšÍe©ZxKvjxb ev‽RU wQj -1wU (1996-97 A_© eQ‡i)|
mv¤úªwZK Avc‽WU I eBwUi Dci cixÿv w`‽Z R‽qb Kiæb: Mihir’s GK & Mihir’s GK wd« G·vg e¨vP
wgwniÕm mv¤úªwZK nvB‽fv‽ëR wgwniÖm wmwi‽Ri mv¤úªwZK c„ôv- 8
 1972 mv‽ji 30 Ryb cÔ_g ev‽RU DÐvcbKvix- ZvRDwÏb Avng`|
 evsjv‽`‽k me©vwaKevi (12 evi) ev‽RU ‽ck K‽ibÑ Gg mvBdzi ingvb I Aveyj gvj Ave`yj gywnZ|
 cÔ_g ev‽R‽Ui AvKvi wQj- 786 †KvwU UvKv|
 cÔ_g ‼Rjv ev‽RU cvq - Uv½vBj|
 msweav‽b ev‽RU‽K ejv nq- Annual Financial Statement.
 evsjv‽`‽ki ev‽R‽Ui aibÑ NvUwZ ev‡RU (Deficit Finance)
 ev‽R‽Ui AvKv‽i kxl© ‼`k - hy³ivóª (2q †`k - Pxb)|
 evsjv‽`k miKvi m‽e©v”P Avq K‽i ‼h LvZ ‼_‽K - g~j¨ ms‡hvRb Ki (g~mK/VAT)
Ki w`em- 30 A‡±vei AvqKi w`em- 30 b‡f¤^i f¨vU/ g~mK w`em- 10 wW‡m¤^i
e-TINPvjy- 2013 e-Payment Pvjy- 2012 AvqKi ‼gjv ïiæ nq- 2010
Rbkygvwi I M„nMYbv-2022
hZ Zg lô
MYbvi mgq 15 †_‡K 21 Ryb, 2022
‽¯øvMvb Rbïgvwi Av‡qvRb, mg„w× I Dbœqb
cÖwZcv`¨ Rbïgvwi‡Z Z_¨ w`b, cwiKwíZ Dbœq‡b Ask wbb
cwiPvjbv K‽i cwiKíbv gš¿Yvj‡qi Aax‡b evsjv‡`k cwimsL¨vb ey¨‡iv (weweGm)
KvwiMwi mnvqZv w`‽q‽Q gvwK©b gnvKvk M‡elYv ms¯'v bvmv (NASA)
Rbïgvwi‽Z e¨envi Kiv nq GIS MAP (Geographical Information System MAP)
evsjv‽`‽ki eZ©gvb RbmsL¨v 16 †KvwU 98 jvL (PzovšÍ cÔwZ‡e`b- 9 GwcÖj, 2023)
cyiæl 8 †KvwU 40 jvL 77 nvRvi 203 Rb (49.50%)
bvix 8 †KvwU 56 jvL 53 nvRvi 120 Rb (50.50%)
cyiæl I bvixi AbycvZ 98:100
‽gvU ÿz`ª-b„-‼Mvôx 16 jvL 50 nvRvi 159 Rb
cÔwZ eM© wK‽jvwgUv‽i evm K‽i 1119 Rb (cÔwZ eM© gvB‡jÑ 2528 Rb)
RbmsL¨v e„w×i nvi 1.22%
mvÿiZvi nvi 74.66%
Lvbv cÖwZ Mo m`m¨msL¨v 4.0 Rb
Z_¨ msMÖn Kiv nq 35 ai‡bi
cieZ©x/ 7g Rbïgvwi n‽e 2031 mv‡j
G ch©šÍ Rbïgvwi nq 6 evi (cÖ_g- 1974, 1981, 1991, 2001, 2011 I 2022)
 35 ai‽bi Z‽_¨i g‽a¨ GmwWwRi m~PK-9wU|
 RvwZms‽Ni MvBWjvBb Abyhvqx Rbïgvwi‽Z MYbv AbymiY Kiv nq- 3wU c×wZ|
 3wU c×wZ n‽jv-1. De Facto Method 2. De Jure Method 3. Modified De Facto Method
 evsjv‽`k cwimsL¨vb ey¨‽iv Rbïgvwi I M„nMYbv 2022 cwiPvjbv K‽i-Modified De Facto Method G|
 GKwU ‼`k ev mxgvbv‽ewóZ AÂ‽ji mKj e¨w³i A_©‰bwZK I mvgvwRK Z_¨ msMÔn, msKjb Ges cÔKv‽ki mvwe©K
cÖwµqvB- Rbïgvwi (RvwZms‡Ni msÁv)
 cwimsL¨vb AvBb 2013 Abyhvqx ÓÓAv`gïgvwi I M„nMYbv‽KÖÖ bvgKiY Kiv nq- Rbïgvwi I M„nMYbv|
 ‼gvU RbmsL¨vi MÔv‽g evm K‽i- 68.34% Ges kn‡i- 31.66%|
mv¤úªwZK Avc‽WU I eBwUi Dci cixÿv w`‽Z R‽qb Kiæb: Mihir’s GK & Mihir’s GK wd« G·vg e¨vP
wgwniÕm mv¤úªwZK nvB‽fv‽ëR wgwniÖm wmwi‽Ri mv¤úªwZK c„ôv- 9
lô Rbïgvwi I M„nMYbv-2022 (P~ovšÍ cÔwZ‽e`b)
mgš^qK…Z ‼gvU RbmsL¨v 16 †KvwU 98 jÿ 28 nvRvi 911 Rb
RbmsL¨vi NbZ¡ (cÔwZ eM© wK‽jvwgUv‽i) 1,119 Rb
RbmsL¨vi kni I cjøx‽Z emev‽mi AbycvZ 31.66 : 68.34
me‽P‽q ‼ewk msL¨K RbmsL¨v 15-19 eQi eqmx
¯^vÿiZvi nvi (7 eQi ev Z`~aß©) 74.80% (cyiæl- 76.71% Ges bvix 72.94%)
ag©wfwËK RbmsL¨vq kxl© gymwjg (91.05%), wØZxq kxl© Ñ wn›`y|
‼gvU RbmsL¨vi wnRov 0.005 (8,124 Rb); cÖwZeÜx Ñ 1.37%
cÔ_gev‽ii g‽Zv MYbvq hy³ Kiv nq cÔevmx‡`i
me©vwaK cÔevmx Avq MÔnYKvix _vbvi Ae¯'vb PÆMÔv‡g
RbmsL¨vi wefvM I ‼RjvwfwËK cwimsL¨vb: kxl© I wb¤œ
cwimsL¨vb kxl© wefvM me©wb¤œ wefvM kxl© †Rjv me©wb¤œ †Rjv
RbmsL¨vq XvKv ewikvj XvKv ev›`ievb
RbmsL¨vi e„w×i nvi XvKv ewikvj MvRxcyi SvjKvwV
RbmsL¨vi NbZ¡ XvKv ewikvj XvKv iv½vgvwU
mvÿiZvi nvi (7+ eQi) XvKv gqgbwmsn wc‡ivRcyi Rvgvjcyi
wj½vbycvZ XvKv PÆMÖvg XvKv eªvþYevwoqv
cwimsL¨vb kxl© Dc‡Rjv me©wb¤œ Dc‡Rjv
RbmsL¨vq mvfvi (XvKv) RyivQwo (iv½vgvwU)
mvÿiZvq †bQvivev` (wc‡ivRcyi) iægv (ev›`ievb)
 ÿz`ª b„-‽Mvôxi RbmsL¨v Ñ 16 jÿ 50 nvRvi 478 Rb|
 eZ©gv‽b ‼`‽ki BDwbqb msL¨v Ñ 4,596wU|
 RbmsL¨vq e„nËg Dc‽Rjv Ñ mvfvi, XvKv|
 RbmsL¨v e„w×i nvi m‽e©v”P Ñ MvRxcyi †Rjvq|
 RbmsL¨v e„w×i nvi me©wb¤œ Ñ SvjKvwV †Rjvq|
Lvbv Avq I e¨q Rwic-2022 [P‚ovšÍ cÖwZ‡e`b cÖKvk-27 wW‡m¤^i, 2023]
 RbcÔwZ ˆ`wbK K¨v‽jvwi MÔn‽Yi cwigvYÑ 2393 wK‡jvK¨v‡jvwi  we`y¨r myweav‽fvMx Lvbvi nviÑ 99.34%|
 `vwi`ª¨Zvi nviÑ 18.7% (kn‽i- 14.7 Ges MÔv‽g- 20.5)  DbœZ Uq‽jU myweavi AvIZvaxbÑ 92.21%
 AwZ`vwi`ª¨Zvi nviÑ 5.6% (kn‽i- 3.5 Ges MÔv‽gÑ 6.5)  mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wP myweav‽fvMxÑ50%
 GKRb gvby‽li gvwmK Mo AvqÑ 7,614 UvKv|  wbivc` Lvevi cvwbi cÖvc¨ZvÑ 96.1%|
 mvÿiZvi nvi (7 eQi Ges Z`~aß©)Ñ 74% (cyiæl- 75.8%  D”P `vwi‽`ª¨i nv‽i kxl© wefvMÑ ewikvj|
Ges bvix- 72.3%)  D”P `vwi‽`ª¨i nvi Kg ‼h wefv‽MÑ Lyjbv|
GDPÕi mvgwqK wnmve 2022-23
‼gvU RbmsL¨v 17 †KvwU 7 jÿ 90 nvRvi gv_vwcQz GDP 2657 gvwK©b Wjvi
GDPÕi cwigvY 44 jÿ 39 nvRvi 273 †KvwU UvKv GDPÖi cªe„w×i nvi 6.03%
gv_vwcQz RvZxq Avq (GNI) 2765 gvwK©b Wjvi gy`ªvùxwZ (Inflation) 9.24%
2021-22 wfwË eQi Abyhvqx GDP‽Z LvZ i‽q‽QÑ 19wU|
mv¤úªwZK Avc‽WU I eBwUi Dci cixÿv w`‽Z R‽qb Kiæb: Mihir’s GK & Mihir’s GK wd« G·vg e¨vP
wgwniÕm mv¤úªwZK nvB‽fv‽ëR wgwniÖm wmwi‽Ri mv¤úªwZK c„ôv- 10
GDP‼Z LvZ mg~‽ni Ae`vb I cªe„w×i nvi
LvZ mg~n Ae`v‽bi nvi cÔe„w×i nvi
2021-22 2022-23 2021-22 2022-23
1. K…wl 11.61% 11.38%** 3.05% 2.61%
2. wkí 36.92% 35.55%** 9.86% 8.18%**
3. ‽mev 51.48% 53.07%** 6.26% 5.84%
 GDP‼Z Ae`vb me‽P‽q ‽ewk ‼h Lv‽ZiÑ †mev LvZ (Service)|
 GDP‼Z cÔe„w×i nvi me‽P‽q ‽ewk ‼h Lv‽ZiÑ wkí LvZ G|
 GDPÖi ‼h Lv‽Z µgn«vmgvb cÔe„w×i nvi Kg‽QÑ K…wl|
 GDPÕi LvZIqvwi Ae`vb I cÔe„w×i nvi (%) wfwË eQiÑ 2021-2022|
gvbe Dbœqb cÔwZ‽e`b 2021-22
 cÖKvkKÑ BDGbwWwc (UNDP)| cÖKvkbv- 31Zg cÔwZ‡e`b***
 cÔwZ‽e`b cÔKvkÑ 8 †m‡Þ¤^i, 2022| AšÍf©y³ ‼`k I AÂjÑ 195wU|
m~P‽K kxl©‼`k*** myBRvij¨vÛ, 2q- biI‡q
m~P‽K me©wb¤œ ‼`k `wÿY my`vb
gv_vwcQz Av‽q kxl© ‼`k (µq ÿgZvq) wj‡Pb÷vBb
gv_vwcQz Av‽q me©wb¤œ ‼`k eyiæwÛ
Mo Avqy‽Z kxl© ‼`k nsKs
Mo Avqy‽Z me©wb¤œ ‼`k kv`
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