VERBAL TENSES

TENSE TRANSLAT AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE SHORT ANSWER

PRESENT SIMPLE YO COMO S + V (3rd SG: “-S”) S + don’t / doesn’t + INF Do / Does + S + INF Yes, I do
Things in general / I eat I don’t eat Do you eat? No, he doesn’t
Sth happens all the He eats He doesn’t eat Does he eat?
time / How often we
do things

PRESENT YO ESTOY S + TO BE + ING S + to be + not + ING To be + S + ING? Yes, I am

CONTINUOUS COMIENDO I am eating I’m not eating Are you eating? No, I’m not
The action is not He’s not eating Is he eating?
finished / Periods
around now
PAST SIMPLE YO COMÍ S + -ed (Regular) S + didn’t + INF Did + S + INF? Yes, I did
Things happening in S + PAST FORM (Irreg.) I didn’t eat Did you eat? No, I didn’t
the past I played He didn’t eat Did he eat?
I ate
PAST YO ESTABA S + was / were + ING S + wasn’t / weren’t + ING Was / Were + S + ING? Yes, I was
CONTINUOUS COMIENDO I was eating I wasn’t eating Was he eating? No, you weren’t
In the middle of You were eating You weren’t eating Were you eating?
doing something
PRESENT PERFECT YO HE S + have / has + Participle S + haven’t / hasn’t + Have / Has + S+ Yes, I have
The action in the COMIDO I have eaten/played Participle Participle? No, I haven’t
past has a result in He has eaten/played I haven’t eaten Have you eaten?
the present / Sth has He hasn’t eaten Has he eaten?
happened

PRESENT PERFECT YO HE S + have / has + been + S + haven’t / hasn’t + been Have / Had + S + Been + Yes, I have
CONTINUOUS ESTADO ING + Participle ING? No, I haven’t
Sth has recently COMIENDO I have been eating I haven’t been eating Have you been eating?
stopped / Actions He has been eating He hasn’t been eating Has he been eating?
repeated over a
period of time

PAST PERFECT YO HABÍA S + had + Participle S + hadn’t + Participle Had + S + Participle? Yes, I had
Things that COMIDO I had eaten / played I hadn’t eaten Had you eaten? No, I hadn’t
happened before a
point in the past.
 VERBAL TENSES
TENSE TRANSLAT AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE SHORT ANSWER

PAST PERFECT YO HABÍA S + Had + been + ING S + Hadn’t + been + ING Had + S + Been + ING? Yes, I had
CONTINUOUS ESTADO I had been eating I hadn’t been eating Had you been eating? No, I hadn’t
Sth had been COMIENDO
happening for a
period of time before
sth else happened

THE FUTURE TRANSLAT AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE SHORT ANSWER

GOING TO YO VOY A S + to be + going to + V S + to be + not + going to To be + S + going to + V? Yes, I am

Sth has already been COMER I’m going to eat +V Are you going to eat? No, I’m not
arranged (Meet sb, I’m not going to eat
go somewhere…) /
Sth is going to
happen in the future /
Intentions

FUTURE SIMPLE: YO COMERÉ S + will + V S + won’t + V Will + S + V? Yes, I will

WILL / SHALL I will eat I won’t eat Will you eat? No, I won’t
Just decided to do
sth. / Offering,
agreeing, promising,
asking sb to do sth.

FUTURE YO ESTARÉ S + will + be + ING S + won’t + be + ING Will + S + be + ING? Yes, I will
CONTINUOUS COMIENDO I will be eating I won’t be eating Will you be eating? No, I won’t
Be in the middle of
doing sth. /
Complete actions in
the future
FUTURE PERFECT YO HABRÉ S + will + have + Participle S + won’t + have + Will + S + have + Yes, I will
Sth will already be COMIDO I will have eaten Participle Participle? No, I won’t
complete before a I won’t have eaten Will you have eaten?
time in the future