NW NSC Geography P2 Eng QP Sept 2023

NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE
GRADE 12
GEOGRAPHY P2
SEPTEMBER 2023
MARKS: 150
TIME: 3 hours
This question paper consists of 17 pages.
Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 2 NW/September 2023
NSC
INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION
1. This question paper consists of TWO SECTIONS:
SECTION A
QUESTION 1: RURAL AND URBAN SETTLEMENTS (60)
QUESTION 2: ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY OF SOUTH AFRICA (60)
SECTION B
QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES (30)
2. Answer all THREE questions.
3. ALL diagrams are included in the QUESTION PAPER.
4. Leave a line between the subsections of questions answered.
5. Start EACH question at the top of a NEW page.
6. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this
question paper.
7. Do NOT write in the margins of the ANSWER BOOK.
8. Draw fully labelled diagrams when instructed to do so.
9. Answer in FULL SENTENCES, except when you have to state, name, identify
or list.
10. Units of measurement MUST be indicated in your final answer, e.g. 1 020 hPa,
14 °C and 45 m.
11. You may use a non-programmable calculator.
12. You may use a magnifying glass.
13. Write neatly and legibly.
SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION FOR SECTION B
14. A 1 : 50 000 topographical map 2529CC EMALAHLENI and a 1 : 10 000

orthophoto map 2529 CC 15 EMALAHLENI are provided.
15. The area demarcated in RED/BLACK on the topographical map represents the
area covered by the orthophoto map.
16. Marks will be allocated for steps in calculations.
17. You must hand in the topographical map and orthophoto map to the invigilator at
the end of this examination.

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SECTION A: RURAL AND URBAN SETTLEMENTS AND THE ECONOMIC

GEOGRAPHY OF SOUTH AFRICA
QUESTION 1: RURAL AND URBAN SETTLEMENTS
1.1 Choose ONE term for each of the following descriptions provided. Write only
the term next to the question numbers (1.1.1 to 1.1.8) in the ANSWER
BOOK, e.g. 1.1.9 linear.
[Adapted from https://www.adda247.com/upsc-exam/different-settlement-patterns]
1.1.1 Farmsteads are located in a line along a road or a river
1.1.2 Farmsteads in this type of settlement pattern generates large profits
1.1.3 Houses or farms are found close together in this settlement pattern
1.1.4 Safety increases due to larger numbers in this settlement pattern
1.1.5 This settlement shape tends to have small paths to gain access
to the road or river
1.1.6 Farms in this settlement pattern require large amounts of capital

to be sustainable
1.1.7 This settlement patterns encourages subsistence farming
1.1.8 Houses or farmsteads are far apart or scattered in this settlement

pattern (8 x 1) (8)

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1.2 Choose the concept/term from COLUMN B that matches the description in
COLUMN A. Write only the letter Y or Z next to the question number
(1.2.1 to 1.2.7) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g., 1.2.8 Y.
COLUMN A COLUMN B
1.2.1 Generally located in areas with Y High income residential
good facilities and sceneries Z Low income residential
1.2.2 Prevents uncontrolled growth of Y Rural-urban fringe
urban areas and improves air Z Greenbelt
quality
1.2.3 Decentralised business Y Central Business district
developments Z Outlaying business district
1.2.4 This type of industry requires large Y Heavy industry
amounts of space and cheap land Z Light industry
1.2.5 Has a mixture of rural and urban Y Rural-urban fringe
functions Z Zone of transition
1.2.6 It has the tallest buildings with high Y Central Business District
building density Z Industrial zone
1.2.7 Buildings are old and dilapidated. Y Rural-urban fringe
Z Transition zone
(7 x 1) (7)

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1.3 Refer to the sketch below on rural-urban migration.
Home
Sweet
Home
“WE’RE WAITING FOR THE CITY TO COME TO US…”
[Adapted from https://www.roodie.co.za]
1.3.1 What is rural-urban migration? (1 x 2) (2)
1.3.2 State the distance that the people in the sketch have to travel to reach
the urban area. (1 x 1) (1)
1.3.3 Give TWO social push factors that would encourage people to migrate to
urban areas? (2 x 2) (4)
1.3.4 Why has the distance to the urban area decreased? (2 x 2) (4)
1.3.5 Explain TWO sustainable strategies that could be implemented to

encourage people to remain in rural areas. (2 x 2) (4)

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1.4 Refer to the sketch showing the rural-urban fringe labelled A.
A A
[Adapted from https://iasbaba.com/2016/08/iasbabas-daily-current-affairs-11th-august2016/]
1.4.1 Where is the rural urban fringe located? (1 x 1) (1)
1.4.2 State TWO urban land uses that are evident in the rural-urban fringe at A. (2 x 1) (2)
1.4.3 Give TWO reasons why the rural–urban fringe is becoming more urban in
nature. (2 x 2) (4)
1.4.4 Why is the rural -urban fringe an attractive location for the development
of gated communities (secure housing estates with guards and controlled
access)? (2 x 2) (4)
1.4.5 Explain TWO possible negative impacts to the development of

gated communities (housing estates) in the rural-urban fringe. (2 x 2) (4)

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1.5 Refer to the photograph below on informal settlements.
[Adapted from https ://www. https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-7503941/Inside-South-Africas-post-

Apartheid -white-squatter-camps.html]
1.5.1 Define the concept informal settlement. (1 x 2) (2)
1.5.2 Give ONE piece of evidence from the photograph to prove that it is
an informal settlement. (1 x 1) (1)
1.5.3 How does the building material used in informal settlements increase
residents’ vulnerability (risk) to extreme weather conditions? (2 x 2) (4)
1.5.4 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines suggest measures that

the government can implement to improve the living conditions in
informal settlements. (4 x 2) (8)
[60]

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QUESTION 2: ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY OF SOUTH AFRICA
2.1 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following

questions. Choose the answer from the information below and write only
the letter (A–D) next to the question numbers (2.1.1 to 2.1.8) in the
ANSWERBOOK, for e.g. 2.1.9 A.
RELATIVE CONTRIBUTION OF SOUTH AFRICA’S PROVINCES TO

SOUTH AFRICA’S GDP
The summary below shows the relative contribution (in constant prices)
of the various provinces to South Africa’s GDP ranked from biggest
contribution to smallest contribution
 Gauteng: 34,94%
 KwaZulu-Natal: 16,04%
 Western Cape: 13,86%
 Eastern Cape: 7,51%
 Mpumalanga: 7,24%
 Limpopo: 7,18%
 Northwest: 5,89%
 Free State: 5,14%
 North Cape: 2,19%

RELATIVE CONTRIBUTION OF THE ECONOMIC SECTORS TO SOUTH
AFRICA’S
Relative contribution of the GDP
various industries to South Africa’s GDP
Agriculture, forestry and fishing: 2,59%

Personal services: 5,96% Mining and quarrying: 8,06%
General
government
services: 16,74% Manufacturing: 13,53%
Electricity, gas and

water: 2,31%
Constructions: 3,77%
Finance, real
estate and
business
services: 22,39% Trade, catering and
accommodation: 15,10%
Transport, storage and

communication: 9, 55%
[Adapted from https://www.statssa.gov.za

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2.1.1 Manufacturing forms part of the ... sector.
A primary
B secondary
C tertiary
D quaternary
2.1.2 … is the total value of goods and services produced in a country in one year.
A Gross Domestic Product

B Gross National Product
C Gross Geographical Product
D Balance of Trade
2.1.3 … contributed the most to the GDP.
A Kwazulu-Natal
B Western Cape
C Gauteng
D North West
2.1.4 … contributed the least to the primary sector.
A Agriculture, forestry and fishing

B Mining and quarrying
C Electronics, gas, and water
D Construction
2.1.5 The secondary sector contributed … to South Africa’s economy.
A 13,53%
B 03,77%
C 17,30%
D 08,06%
2.1.6 The tertiary activities that contributed the largest percentage to South
Africa’s economy;
A Transport, storage and communication

B Finance, real estate and business service
C General government services
D Trade, catering and accommodation

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2.1.7 The four provinces that contributed the least to the GDP had a combined
total of …
A 34,9%
B 02,19%
C 20.4%
D 72,35%
2.1.8 The North West province contributes only 5,89% to the GDP as …
A it is highly industrialised.
B the primary sector is highly developed.
C it focusses mostly on tertiary activities.
D it has a large quaternary sector.
(8 x 1) (8)

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2.2 Refer to the types of industries depicted below. Match each of the
descriptions below with either heavy or light industry next to the question
numbers (2.2.1 to 2.2.7) in the ANSWER BOOK., e.g. 2.2.8 light industry
HEAVY INDUSTRY LIGHT INDUSTRY
[Adapted from https://www.el-manufacturing.com ]
2.2.1 Industries that locate close to the CBD
2.2.2 These industries require large tracts of cheap land
2.2.3 Industries that cause little air or noise pollution
2.2.4 Examples of these industries are ship building and oil refineries
2.2.5 Industries that manufacture small products
2.2.6 These industries locate on the outskirts of urban settlements
2.2.7 Examples of these industries are clothing and food processing (7 x 1) (7)

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2.3 Refer to the infographic below on Maize
Maize is the most

Production Maize production important grain crop in
Intensity South Africa and is
produced throughout the
Low
country under diverse
environments. Successful
maize production
Medium depends on the correct
application of production
inputs that will sustain the
High environment as well as
agricultural production.
In developing countries,
maize is consumed
Indian Ocean directly and serves as
Atlantic staple diet for some 200
Ocean million people. Most
people regard maize as a
breakfast cereal.
Approximately 8,0 million

tons of maize grain are
produced in South Africa
annually on approximately
3,1 million hectare of
land. Half of the
production consists of
white maize, for human
food consumption.
[Adapted from https://www.arc.agric.za/arc-gci/fact%20sheets%20library/maize%20production.pdf]
2.3.1 Identify TWO provinces from the map in the infographic where
maize is cultivated. (2 x 1) (2)
2.3.2 According to the extract why is maize considered an important crop in

developing countries. (1 x 1) (1)
2.3.3 What physical (natural) factors are necessary for successful crop
production. (1 x 2) (2)
2.3.4 Explain how natural factors that can negatively influence the
production of crops in South Africa. (2 x 2) (4)
2.3.5 Suggest how small-scale maize farmers can increase maize

production to improve food security. (3 x 2) (6)

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2.4 Refer to the extract and map on the Wild Coast Spatial Development
Initiative (SDI) below.
The Wild Coast located in the northeast corner of the Eastern Cape province.
It is a largely undeveloped coastal strip with considerable eco-tourism
potential. The South African Government started the Wild Coast Spatial
Development Initiative (SDI) in an attempt to encourage economic growth
through public and private investment in the Wild Coast region. Its major
objectives were to promote new small businesses in agriculture and tourism
and to increase employment, particularly for women. The Wild coast SDI
targeted four anchor areas located on the coast: Mkambati, Port St Johns,
Coffee Bay and Mbashe (Cwebe/Dwesa). It was hoped economic growth in
these areas would spill over into the rest of the SDI.
[Adapted from https://www.ciet.org/wpcontent/blogs.dir/20/files/2019/10/200622315815.pdf.]
2.4.1 What is a Spatial Development Initiative? (1 x 2) (2)
2.4.2 Why was this area identified as a potential area for economic
development? (1 x 1) (1)
2.4.3 Why are well-developed transport links important to support the

growth of the Wild Coast SDI? (1 x 2) (2)
2.4.4 How will the Wild Coast SDI benefit the tourism industry in the
Eastern Cape? (2 x 2) (4)
2.4.5 Explain THREE positive impacts that the Wild Coast SDI will have
on local communities. (3 x 2) (6)

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2.5 Refer to the infographic on informal sector.
THE SOUTH AFRICAN INFORMAL SECTOR: CREATING JOBS, REDUCING POVERTY
While the informal sector is the ‘forgotten’ sector in many ways, it provides livelihoods,
employment and income for about 2,5 million workers and business owners. One in every six
South Africans who work, work in the informal sector.
MONTHLY INCOME IN THE

INFORMAL SECTOR
% of people in informal sector
Monthly income
[Adapted from https://www.hsrcpress.ac.za/books/the-south-african-informal-sector-providing-jobs-reducing-

poverty ]
2.5.1 Define the concept informal sector. (1 x 2) (2)
2.5.2 Name TWO jobs evident in the infographic that are associated
with the informal sector. (2 x 1) (2)
2.5.3 What percentage of informal workers earn between R501-R 1000? (1 x 1) (1)
2.5.4 Why does the informal sector continue to grow? (1 x 2) (2)
2.5.5 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines explain some of the

challenges informal workers experience in the informal sector. (4 x 2) (8)
[60]
TOTAL SECTION A: 120

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SECTION B
QUESTION 3 : GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES
GENERAL INFORMATION ON EMALAHLENI
EMALAHLENI
Coordinates: 25˚50’S; 29˚10’E
Emalahleni, formerly Witbank, is city, located to the east of Pretoria in

Mmpumalanga province. It is at the centre of a coal-mining area in which more than
20 collieries operate. Witbank attained town status in 1910 and city status in 1994.
The city has grown rapidly around heavy industry, and a power plant at the Witbank
Dam supplies electricity to a wide area. The dam, its catchment, and neighbouring
nature reserve host a variety of recreational activities. The city’s name was officially
changed to eMalahleni in 2006, and it is administered as part of the larger
Emalahleni Local Municipality.
[Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EmalahleniLocalMunicipality,Mpumalanga]

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3.1 MAP SKILLS AND CALCULATIONS
Refer to the 1: 50 000 topographic map 2529CC EMALAHLENI and a

1: 10 000 orthophoto map of 2529CC 15 EMALAHLENI to answer the
following questions in the ANSWER BOOK.
3.1.1 Name the province in which EMALAHLENI is located. (1 x 1) (1)
3.1.2 Calculate the distance of the N4 in km on the topographical map.

Formula: Map distance x Map Scale (2 x 1) (2)
3.1.3 The total annual change from 2014 to 2023 is 45’W. Calculate the mean
magnetic declination for 2023. (1 x 2) (2)
3.1.4 Calculate the area covered by the orthophoto map (RED BLOCK) in square
kilometers (km²) on the topographical map.
Formula: Area = L x B (5 x 1) (5)
3.2 MAP INTERPRETATION
Refer to the topographical map in block G10 and the corresponding

(same) area on the orthophoto map in blocks C4/5 and D4/5.
3.2.1 Identify the main primary economic activity in the area. (1 x 1) (1)
3.2.2 State ONE environmental injustice for the people living in this area. (1 x 2) (2)
3.2.3 How will the primary activity identified in QUESTION 3.2.1 have
a positive economic impact on the local community. (1 x 2) (2)
Study the area circled P on the topographical map.
3.2.4 Name the tertiary education institution in the area. (1 x 2) (2)
3.2.5 The encircled area residential area is considered a (high/low)

income area. (1 x 1) (1)
3.2.6 Give evidence from the topographical map to support your answer
to QUESTION 3.2.5. (2 x 1) (2)
3.2.7 The dominant street pattern in the encircled area is a/an

(grid iron/irregular) pattern. (1 x 1) (1)
3.2.8 State ONE advantage of this street pattern. (1 x 1) (1)

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3.3 GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS)
A B
3.3.1 A is an example of vector data and B is an example or raster data.

What is the difference between vector- and raster data. (2 x 1) (2)
3.3.2 Define the term buffering (1 x 2) (2)
3.3.3 Give evidence from A above that buffering of the Golf Course has
taken place (1 x 2) (2)
Refer to the sewage works labelled 1 on the orthophoto map.
3.3.4 Name ONE example of spatial data for the sewage works. (1 x 1) (1)
3.3.5 Give ONE example of attribute data for the sewage works. (1 x 1) (1)
TOTAL SECTION B: 30
GRAND TOTAL: 150
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NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE

This question paper consists of 17 pages.

Copyright reserved Please turn over

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

1. This question paper consists of TWO SECTIONS:

2. Answer all THREE questions.

3. ALL diagrams are included in the QUESTION PAPER.

4. Leave a line between the subsections of questions answered.

5. Start EACH question at the top of a NEW page.

7. Do NOT write in the margins of the ANSWER BOOK.

8. Draw fully labelled diagrams when instructed to do so.

11. You may use a non-programmable calculator.

12. You may use a magnifying glass.

13. Write neatly and legibly.

SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION FOR SECTION B

14. A 1 : 50 000 topographical map 2529CC EMALAHLENI and a 1 : 10 000

16. Marks will be allocated for steps in calculations.

Copyright reserved Please turn over

SECTION A: RURAL AND URBAN SETTLEMENTS AND THE ECONOMIC

QUESTION 1: RURAL AND URBAN SETTLEMENTS

[Adapted from https://www.adda247.com/upsc-exam/different-settlement-patterns]

1.1.1 Farmsteads are located in a line along a road or a river

1.1.2 Farmsteads in this type of settlement pattern generates large profits

1.1.4 Safety increases due to larger numbers in this settlement pattern

1.1.6 Farms in this settlement pattern require large amounts of capital

1.1.7 This settlement patterns encourages subsistence farming

1.1.8 Houses or farmsteads are far apart or scattered in this settlement

Copyright reserved Please turn over

Copyright reserved Please turn over

1.3 Refer to the sketch below on rural-urban migration.

“WE’RE WAITING FOR THE CITY TO COME TO US…”

[Adapted from https://www.roodie.co.za]

1.3.1 What is rural-urban migration? (1 x 2) (2)

1.3.5 Explain TWO sustainable strategies that could be implemented to

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1.4 Refer to the sketch showing the rural-urban fringe labelled A.

[Adapted from https://iasbaba.com/2016/08/iasbabas-daily-current-affairs-11th-august2016/]

1.4.1 Where is the rural urban fringe located? (1 x 1) (1)

1.4.5 Explain TWO possible negative impacts to the development of

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1.5 Refer to the photograph below on informal settlements.

[Adapted from https ://www. https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-7503941/Inside-South-Africas-post-

1.5.1 Define the concept informal settlement. (1 x 2) (2)

1.5.4 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines suggest measures that

Copyright reserved Please turn over

QUESTION 2: ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY OF SOUTH AFRICA

2.1 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following

RELATIVE CONTRIBUTION OF SOUTH AFRICA’S PROVINCES TO

Agriculture, forestry and fishing: 2,59%

Electricity, gas and

Transport, storage and

[Adapted from https://www.statssa.gov.za

Copyright reserved Please turn over

2.1.1 Manufacturing forms part of the ... sector.

A Gross Domestic Product

2.1.3 … contributed the most to the GDP.

2.1.4 … contributed the least to the primary sector.