The tibial tuberosity is a bony prominence located on the anterior surface of the proximal end of

the tibia. It serves as the attachment site for the patellar ligament, which connects the patella
(kneecap) to the tibia. The patellar ligament is actually a continuation of the quadriceps tendon,
which originates from the quadriceps muscles in the thigh.

During activities that involve the quadriceps muscles, such as jumping or running, the force
generated by the contracting muscles is transmitted through the quadriceps tendon and patellar
ligament to the tibial tuberosity. This can cause stress on the tibial tuberosity and may lead to
conditions such as Osgood-Schlatter disease, which is a common overuse injury in adolescents
characterized by pain and swelling at the tibial tuberosity.

Here is a table summarizing some of the key differences between the sympathetic and
parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system:

Aspect Sympathetic Division Parasympathetic

Division
Origin Thoracolumbar (T1-L2) Craniosacral (brainstem
region of the spinal cord and S2-S4) region of
the spinal cord
Ganglia Sympathetic chain Terminal ganglia
ganglia, prevertebral
ganglia
Length of fibers Short preganglionic Long preganglionic
fibers, long fibers, short
postganglionic fibers postganglionic fibers
Neurotransmitter Preganglionic fibers Preganglionic and
release acetylcholine postganglionic fibers
(ACh); postganglionic release ACh
fibers release
norepinephrine (NE)
Effects on organs Fight or flight response; Rest and digest
increases heart rate, response; slows heart
dilates pupils, inhibits rate, constricts pupils,
digestion, stimulates stimulates digestion,
glucose release from promotes storage of
liver nutrients
 Activation triggers Stress, exercise, Relaxation, rest,
excitement, emergency digestion, reduced
situations stress
Effects on bladder Relaxes the bladder wall, Contracts the bladder
constricts the internal wall, relaxes the internal
urethral sphincter urethral sphincter
Effects on bronchioles Dilates the bronchioles Constricts the
to increase airflow bronchioles to decrease
airflow
Effects on blood vessels Constricts blood vessels Dilates blood vessels in
in most organs, dilates most organs, constricts
blood vessels in skeletal blood vessels in
muscle and heart digestive organs

It's important to note that this is not an exhaustive list of differences and there may be additional
differences between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system.

Here is a table summarizing some of the key characteristics of articular cartilage and its
histological features:

Characteristic Description Histological Feature

Location Covers the articular N/A
surfaces of bones in
synovial joints
Composition Composed of Cells are embedded in a
chondrocytes, dense, collagen-rich
extracellular matrix, and extracellular matrix
water
Structure No blood vessels or Avascular, aneural tissue
nerves
Function Provides smooth, low- Absorbs shock and
friction surfaces for joint distributes loads
movement
 Collagen Fibers Type II collagen fibers Arranged in a random
network, but organized
parallel to the joint
surface
Proteoglycans Aggrecan and hyaluronic Create a gel-like matrix
acid that resists compressive
forces
Chondrocytes Specialized cells that Embedded in lacunae
produce and maintain within the extracellular
extracellular matrix matrix
Perichondrium Absent in articular Surrounds most other
cartilage types of cartilage
Calcification Does not normally May undergo
calcify calcification in some
pathologic conditions

It's important to note that articular cartilage is a complex tissue with many additional characteristics and
features that are not included in this table.