How are you

going to
describe the
way the
characters
think?
 Moral
Philosophical
Approach
Differentiate the following terms:
MORALITY
concerned with the
principles of right and
wrong behaviour and
the goodness or
badness of human
character
PHILOSOPHY
the fundamental
nature of knowledge,
reality, and existence,
especially when
considered as an
academic discipline
It usually describes or
evaluates a work in
terms of the ideas and
values it contains.

MORAL PHILOSOPHICAL APPROACH

This means examining a work’s ideas and
values—both those expressed directly by the
narrator or character and those implied by
the overall design and content—in relation to
a particular ethical, philosophical, or
religious system (rationalism, existentialism,
Christianity, etc.).

MORAL PHILOSOPHICAL APPROACH

Sample Literary Questions

What view of life According to this

does the story work’s view of life,
present? Which what is mankind’s
character best relationship to God?
articulates this To the universe?
viewpoint?

What moral What is the author’s

statement, if any, attitude toward his
does this story world? Toward fate?
make? Is it explicit Toward God?
or implicit?
Sample Literary Questions

What is the author’s What does the work

conception of good say about the nature
and evil? of good or evil?

What does the work What is the author’s

say about human attitude toward his
nature? world? Toward fate?
Toward God?
What are
cultural
practices
depicted in
the story?
Archetypal
Approach
 Archetypal
Approach
An original model which
other things are similarly
patterned after
 Archetypal
Approach
Archetypes are the unknowable
basic forms personified or
concretized in recurring images,
symbols, or patterns which may
include motifs
 Archetypal
Approach
Archetypal images and story
patterns encourage readers to
participate ritualistically in basic
beliefs, fears, and anxieties of their
age.
 What should I look for to identify
ARCHETYPES
Look for inherited
part of the human Look for
being that connects worlwide
us all concepts

Look for shared Look for

idea with all constant and
humanity universal idea
How to identify ARCHETYPES
750 BC - 500 BC 336 BC - 146 BC
Archaic period Hellenic period
Neptune is the farthest Despite being red, Mars is a
planet from the Sun very cold place

1100 BC - 750 BC 500 BC - 336 BC

Dark Age Classic period
Jupiter is the biggest Venus is the second planet
planet of them all from the Sun
Kinds of ARCHETYPES
Situational
A given experience that a hero
or character must endure to
move from one place in life to
the next

Symbolic
Serve as a representation of a
specific person, act, deed, place
or conflict.

Characters
A person or being that serves as
a representative of a greater
ideal
SITUATIONAL ARCHETYPES
 The Quest
 Death & Rebirth
 The Task
 Nature vs. Tech.
 The Initiation
 Good vs. Evil
 The Journey
 Unhealable Wound
 The Fall
 The Ritual
SYMBOLICAL ARCHETYPES
 Light vs. Darkness
 Water vs. Desert
 Heaven vs. Hell
 The Magic Weapon
 Innate Wisdom vs.
Educated Stupidity
 Haven vs. Wilderness
 Supernatural
Intervention
 Fire vs. Ice
CHARACTER ARCHETYPES
 The Hero
 Mentor
 Young man from the
Provinces
 The Initiates
 Hunting Group of
Companions
 Loyal Retainers
 The Outcast
 The Evil Figure with the
Ultimately Good Heart
 Earth mother
Archetypes of Illiad
Characters are

01 War is
Glorious
celebrated based on
their bravery in war.

02 Life is You can describe the

topic of the section here
Fragile

03 Burial
It also came to represent
humane side of Achilles.

Symbolizes the

04 Achilles’s
heel
vulnerability within each
person
Archetypes of Illiad
Sign of any god’s

05 Eagle support comes in the

form of Zeus’ eagle
The ritual of eating,

06 Eating which is governed by

social rules

07 Armor
Symbolizes glory and
honor

Symbols show

08 Details of
objects
inextricable link
between warfare and all
other parts of life
What
lessons did
you learn
from Iliad?