LESSON 6: MITOSIS

St. John the Baptist Catholic School, Inc.

Mr. Arvin Jay R. Lamberte

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND

Cell Division
Cell Division — process by which a cell divides into 2 new
cells

• Why do cells need to divide?

1.Living things grow by producing more cells, NOT
because each cell increases in size
2.Repair of damaged tissue
3.If cell gets too big, it cannot get enough nutrients into
the cell and wastes out of the cell
 MITOSIS
• It is the process by which a
cell replicates its
chromosomes and then
segregates them, producing
two identical nuclei in
preparation for cell division.
• Mitosis is generally followed
by equal division of the cell's
content into two daughter
cells that have identical
genomes.
CHROMOSOME

CHROMATIDS

DNA

CENTROMERE
PROPHASE
 PROPHASE
• The nucleolus
disappears and the
nuclear membrane
starts to break down.
• The chromosome can
be clearly seen to
consist of a pair of sister
chromatids joined at
the centromere.
 PROPHASE
• The first appearance of
the chromosome on
stage to start the
mitotic dance is during
prophase.
• The chromosome can
be clearly seen to
consist of a pair of sister
chromatids joined at
the centromere.
 PROPHASE

• The chromatids are

now attached to the
spindle microtubules.
• They start pulling the
chromosomes toward
the center of the cell
ready for the next step
in the dance.
METAPHASE
 METAPHASE

• Chromosomes are
aligned at the middle
of the cell.
• All the chromosomes
are attached to the
spindle microtubules
which are now fully
developed.
 METAPHASE

• The nuclear
membrane has
broken.
• The centrosomes
are located at the
opposite poles.
ANAPHASE
 ANAPHASE
• The sister
chromatids
separate from their
partners.
• Each chromatid is
now considered a
daughter
chromosome.
 ANAPHASE
• Microtubules
attached to the
centromere are
shortened bringing
the chromosomes
toward the
opposite poles.
 ANAPHASE
• While
microtubules not
attached to the
chromosome
grow longer,
pushing the poles
farther apart.
TELOPHASE
 TELOPHASE
• Telophase is the last
step of mitotic
dance.
• Distinct individual
chromosomes begin
to spread out into a
tangle of chromatin.
 TELOPHASE
• The spindle disappears,
two nuclear envelopes
reform (one around
each set of daughter
chromosomes).
• The chromosomes
Uncoil and lengthen,
and the nucleoli
reappear.