ANSWERS

Self Assessment Paper-2

PHYSICS (Theory)
Section – A 6. Option (B) is correct.
Explanation: Voltage and current will be in phase
1. Option (C) is correct. when capacitive reactance is equal to inductive
Kq
Explanation: Potential of small drop = V1 = reactance.
r i.e., XC = XL
Charge on large drop = 64q
1
Volume of large drop : Volume of small drop = 64:1 ⇒ = wL
ωC
So, Radius of large drop : Radius of small drop
=R:r=4:1 1
⇒ = 2pfL
Potential of small drop = V2 = K64q/R 2 πfC
∴ V2 : V1 = (K64q/R) / (Kq/r) 1
ærö ⇒ C=
= 64 × ç ÷ 4 π2 f 2 L
èRø
1
æ1ö ⇒ C=
= 64 × ç ÷ 4 ´ ( 3.14 ) ´ ( 50 )2 ´ 80 ´ 10 -3
2

è4ø
\ C = 127 mF
= 16 : 1
7. Option (D) is correct.
2. Option (B) is correct. Explanation: The core of a transformer is laminated
Explanation: As the electric field inside a conductor to increase the resistance and hence reduce the
is zero. So, the potential at any point is constant. eddy current.
3. Option (C) is correct. 8. Option (D) is correct.
Explanation: K.E. = hn – f (where h is Planck’s Explanation: Ultraviolet rays are used for water
constant, n is the frequency of the incident photon purification and eye surgery.
and f is the work function of the metal)
From the above equation we can conclude that 9. Option (B) is correct.
kinetic energy is independent of the intensity of Explanation: As the iron piece is taken out of the
incident light. self-inductance of the coil decreases.
So, wL i.e., XL decreases.
4. Option (A) is correct. So, the current in the circuit increases.
Explanation: The simple Bohr model cannot be
Hence, the brightness of the bulb increases.
directly applied to calculate the energy levels of
an atom with many electrons because when we 10. Option (C) is correct.
derive the formula for radius/energy levels, etc., Explanation: Microwave frequency ranges from
we assume that centripetal force is provided only 1013 to 109 Hz.
by electrostatic force of attraction by the nucleus.
11. Option (A) is correct.
So that, this will only work for single electron
Explanation: Flux through the coil f = BAcos q
atoms. In multi-electron atoms, there will also be
Or, f = 10–1 × (100 × 10–4) × cos 30°
repulsion due to other electrons. For this reason,
the simple Bohr model cannot be directly applied \ f = 10–3 × 3 / 2 Wb
to calculate the energy levels of an atom with - df
many electrons. Thus, induced emf in the coil is given by e =
dt
5. Option (D) is correct. - ( f f - fi )
Explanation: The work done to rotate the loop in =
Dt
the magnetic field, W = MB(cos q1 – cos q2). When
current carrying coil is rotated then there will be æ 3ö
- çç 0 - 10 -3 ´ ÷÷
no change in angle between magnetic moment 2
and magnetic field. = è ø
10 -4
Here, q1 = q2 = a
⇒ W = MB(cos a – cos a) = 0 = 5 3 V
2 Oswaal CBSE Sample Question Papers, PHYSICS, Class-XII
12. Option (B) is correct.
Explanation: The relation between the refractive
index of turpentine, water and water is given by:
µA < µT > µW (µA, µT and µW where represents
refractive index of air, turpentine and water
respectively)
As the incident ray moves from air to turpentine
to water, it represents a transition from rarer to
denser, then denser to rarer. As a result, it first
bends towards normal, then
away from normal, so the path shown for ray (2)
is correct.
13. Option (D) is correct.
Explanation: When a double convex air bubble
forms within a glass slab, the refractive index
of the bubble's medium is less than that of the
surrounding medium. As a result, the lens will
not behave as a converging lens. It will behave
similarly to a diverging lens. As a result, the
assertion is false.
When compared to air, the speed of light in glass
is slower. As a result, the refractive index of glass is
greater than that of air. So the reason is false.
14. Option (B) is correct.
Explanation: When a diode is used in a half wave
rectifier, it has to face both forward bias and
reverse bias. During reverse bias, if the applied
voltage is greater than the break down voltage of
the diode, it will get permanently damaged. So,
the break down voltage should be greater than the
amplitude of the input ac supply which is to be
rectified. So, the assertion is true.
In reverse bias majority carriers cannot cross the
junction. Only the minority carriers are capable to
cross the junction and thus yield a feeble current.
So, the reason is also true. But it does not explain
the assertion.
15. Option (B) is correct.
Explanation: The electric lines of force cannot cross
each other because if they cross, there would be
two directions of electric field at that point, which
is not possible. Hence the assertion is true. Electric
lines of force are imaginary lines. The reason is also
true. But it does not explain the assertion.
16. Option (D) is correct.
Explanation: Magnification of microscope is
inversely proportional to focal lengths of objective
lens and the eyepiece lens. Hence, both the focal
lengths of both the lenses are small. On the other
hand, magnification of telescope is inversely
proportional to focal lengths of eyepiece lens and
directly proportional to the focal length objective
lens. So, the focal length of the objective lens is
large and the focal length of the eyepiece lens is
small.
Hence, if the objective lens and the eyepiece lens
of a microscope are interchanged that will not
meet the criterion of the telescope.
So, assertion and reason both are false.
Section – B
17. As the temperature of a semiconductor rises,
its resistance decreases and the current flowing
through it rises. To maintain a constant reading on
the ammeter, the value of the resistor R, is to be
increased.
18. (a) Since, surface A does not emit electrons, the
frequency of the incident radiation is lower
than the threshold frequency.
(b) Since, photoelectrons are just emitted from
surface B, the frequency of the incident
radiation is equal to the threshold frequency of
surface B.
(c) Surface C emits photoelectrons with a certain
kinetic energy, indicating that the frequency
of the incident radiation is greater than the
threshold frequency of surface C.
The threshold frequency is the minimum
frequency of light required to cause electron
emission from a metal surface. If there is no
electron emission, it means that the frequency
of the light is below the threshold frequency,
whereas electron emission implies that the
frequency of the light exceeds the threshold
frequency.
19. Magnifying power of a telescope = fo
fe
So, for higher magnification focal length of the
objective should be large.
20. Total resistance = 0.5 × 150 = 7.5Ω.
Total voltage drop = 8 × 150 = 1200V
V2
Power =
R
1200 2
=
75
= 19200W
21.
2
θc =sin −1 where θc is the critical angle
3
qc = 41.8°
Ði on face AC is 30° which is less than qc. Hence the
ray will refract out from face AC.
OR
λ
The width of the central bright band = 2D ×
d
Where d = width of the slit.
(i) As the width of the slit is increased, the size of
the central diffraction band will be reduced.
 Answers 3
(ii) On increasing the size of slit more light passes
point from the pole of the mirror is known as the
through it and the size of central bright band is focal length of the mirror.
reduced. Therefore, it is clear that intensity of
central bright band will definitely increase.

Section – C
22. When fast moving neutrons hit Uranium, the
following reaction takes place: C F P
238 0
92 U + 1n → 238
92 U→ 140 99
58 Ce+ 44 Ru + 10 0
−1e

Mass defect Δm = [Initial mass – Final mass]

Focal length of
Δm = (238.05079 + 1.008665 – 139.90543 – 98.90549)u concave mirror f
[neglecting mass of electron]
Or, Δm = 0.24835 u
Thus, Q = 0.24835 × 931 = 231.386085 = 231.386 MeV
23.

P F C
Focal length of
concave mirror

Relation between focal length and radius of

2 pa curvature:
Net Electric Field at point P = ò0 dE cos q A ray of light BP’ travelling parallel to the principal
axis PC is incident on a spherical mirror PP’. It
(Where dE = Electric field due to a small element reflects along P’R.
having charge dq) For concave mirror, it passes through the focus. For
1 dq convex mirror while extending the ray backward, it
dE = appears to pass through the focus.
4 pe 0 r 2
P is the pole and F is the focus of the mirror.
Let l = Linear charge density PF = f.
dq C is the centre of curvature.
=
dl PC = Radius of curvature = R
dq = ldl P′C is the normal to the mirror at the point of
2 πa 1 λdl x  cos θ x incidence P′.
Hence, E = ∫ . × , where
 where cosθ = 
0 4 πε0 r 2 r r For concave mirror,
lx
= (2 pa )
4 pe 0 r 3
1 Qx
= 3
,
4 pe 0 2
(x + a2 ) 2

where total charge Q = l × 2 pa
Now, for large distance i.e., x>>a
1 Q
E = 4 pe . 2
0 x

This is the electric field due to a point charge at

distance x.
24. Focal length of mirror: When rays of light parallel
to the principal axis of a mirror is incident on it, the   ÐBP′C = ÐP′CF = q (alternate angles)
rays after reflection, either converge at a point or and ÐBP′C = ÐCP′F = q
appear to diverge from a point. The distance of this (law of reflection, Ði = Ðr)
4 Oswaal CBSE Sample Question Papers, PHYSICS, Class-XII

So, when f = 100 Hz, XC = 6
Again, ÐP′CF = ÐCP′F

Putting these values in equation (i)
\ Δ FP′C is isosceles.
1
Hence, P′F = FC ⇒ 6=
If the aperture of the mirror is small, the point P′ is 2 π × 100 × C
very close to the point P, 1
⇒ 2p × 100 × C =
Then P′F = PF 6
\ PF = FC 7
⇒ C= F
1 1200 × 22
   = PC
2 ⇒ C = 2.65 × 10–4 F
1 (ii) The inductance of inductor is L.
\ f= R So, 6 = 2p × 100 × L
2
6
25. ⇒ L=
200 π
H
I1 8V 2
A B \ L = 0.954 × 10–2 H
6V (iii)
I2 6V 1
D C XL
I
4
E F
I
f
I = I1 + I2...(i)
In loop ABCDA, Q XL = pL = 2pfL
− 8 + 2I1 −1 × I2 + 6 = 0  ...(ii) \ XL = f.2pL
In loop DEFCD, The graph is a straight line passing through
− 4I −1 × I2 + 6 = 0 origin.
4I + I2 = 6 27. Fromthe observations made (surfaces A and B)
4(I1 + I2) + I2 = 6 based on Einstein’s photoelectric equation (K.E. =
4I1 + 5I2 = 6 ...(iii) hn – j0), we can draw following conclusions:
From equations (i), (ii) and (iii), we get (i) For surface A, the threshold frequency is more

8 2 10 than 1015 Hz, hence no photo-emission is
I1 = A, I2 = A, I = A possible.
7 7 7
(ii) For surface B the threshold frequency is equal

Potential difference across resistor 4 W is : to the frequency of given radiation. Thus,
10 40 photo-emission takes place but kinetic energy
V= ´4 = volt
7 7 of photoelectrons is zero.
26. (i) (iii)For surface C, the threshold frequency is less

than 1015 Hz. So, photo-emission occurs and
photoelectrons have some kinetic energy.
28. (i) Since, at point N, the angle of refraction is 90°,
then ∠r2 is the critical angle for the glass-air pair
of media.
1
And we know that, sin qc =
m
(where m is the refractive index of medium)
1
sin ∠r2 =
m
We know that for AC source capacitor reactance, 1
1 =
XC =
2
ωC
1 −1  1 
∠r2 = sin  = 45°
⇒ XC =
2 πfC
...(i)  2 

(Where f = frequency in hertz) (ii) The expression for angle of minimum deviation of
Here, a point on the graph is (100, 6). the prism is given by:
 Answers 5

 A + δm  the critical angle. Finally, when the ray arrives at point

sin 
 2  G, it enters and exits the prism normally.
m =
sin
A Section – D
2
29. (i) Option (C) is correct.
(where A = prism angle, Explanation: Due to their unique design,
dm = angle of minimum deviation) which includes high-surface-area electrodes
 60° + δ m  and a specialised electrolyte, super capacitors
sin  
 2 can store a large amount of electrical energy.
Or, 2 =
60° (ii) Option (A) is correct.
sin
2 Explanation: Super capacitors serve as a link
 δ  between rechargeable batteries and electrolytic
sin  30° + m  capacitors.
 2 
Or, 2 = (iii) Option (D) is correct.
1
Explanation: Super capacitors can be charged
2
and discharged an infinite number of times
 δ  without deteriorating.
Or, 0.7 = sin  30° + m 
 2  OR
Option (A) is correct.
δ
Or, sin–1 0.7 = 30° + m Explanation: Its discharge rate is significantly
2 higher than that of lithium-ion batteries. Super
capacitors lose up to 10% of their charge on a
Or, 44.4° = 30° + δ m daily basis.
2
(iv) Option (B) is correct.
\
dm = 28.8°
Explanation: Regenerative braking is the
OR process of converting the kinetic energy of
(i) Necessary conditions for total internal reflection: a moving vehicle into electrical energy and
(a) Light should travel from denser to rarer storing it in a device. This energy can then
medium. be used to power the vehicle later. Because
(b) Angle of incidence should be greater than the of their ability to rapidly absorb and release
critical angle for the pair of media and the large amounts of energy, super capacitors
colour of light used. are frequently used in regenerative braking
systems.
(ii) A ray of light enters normally at point M, but at
point E, where the angle of incidence is 45° and 30. (i) Option (A) is correct.
exceeds the critical angle, the ray undergoes total Explanation: A dynamo normally produces
internal reflection. direct current (d.c.), but a bottle dynamo
produces alternating current (a.c.). As a result,
it is not classified as a conventional dynamo.
(ii) Option (C) is correct.
Explanation: Modern bottle dynamos include a
rectifier, allowing the generated direct current
(d.c.) to be used directly to charge mobile
phones. Older models, require an additional
rectifier to convert the alternating current (a.c.)
to direct current (d.c.) suitable for charging
devices.
(iii) Option (B) is correct.
Explanation: The bottle generator, also known
as the sidewall generator, generates power by
placing a roller against the sidewall of a bicycle
tyre. The dynamo roller engages and converts
the rotational motion of the tyre into electrical
energy as the bicycle moves forward.
(iv) Option (C) is correct.

When the light ray reaches point H and enters prism Explanation: Because normal lamps can
BDC normally, it continues undeviated. The ray, operate on both AC and DC, both older and
however, undergoes internal reflection at point F, newer models of bottle generators can be used
where the angle of incidence is 60 degrees and exceeds directly for bicycle lamps.
6 Oswaal CBSE Sample Question Papers, PHYSICS, Class-XII

OR e0n2 h 2
Option (A) is correct. \ Bohr radius, r =
pme 2
Explanation: Wet conditions can cause the
roller of a bottle dynamo (whether old or new) (ii) The shortest wavelength in Balmer series can be
to slip against the surface of the tyre, causing found using the expression:
interruptions in the generated electricity and
1 æ 1 1ö
causing the lights to flicker on and off, both of = Rç 2 - ÷
lS è2 ¥ø
which are disadvantages.
4
Section – E \ lS =
R
31.
(i) The Bohr Model of the Hydrogen atom is based Longest wavelength in Balmer series can be found
on three postulates.
using the expression:
• The first postulate states that electrons
orbit the nucleus in circular paths, with 1 æ 1 1 ö
the electrostatic force between the \ = Rç 2 - 2 ÷
lL è2 3 ø
positively charged nucleus and negatively
charged electrons providing the necessary 36
centripetal force. \ lL =
• The second postulate asserts that electrons 5R
can only occupy certain fixed orbits, in 36
which their angular momentum is an l L 5R 9
integral multiple of Planck's constant. So, = =
lS 4 5
These stationary orbits do not result in the
emission of energy. R
• The third postulate states that when an OR
electron transitions from a higher energy
orbit to a lower energy orbit, it emits a nh
(i) mvr = ...(i)
quantum of energy (a photon) equal to the 2p
difference in energy between the two orbits. (here mvr is the angular momentum)
Expression for Bohr radius:
Let us consider mv 2 1 e2
= ...(ii)
r 4 πε0 r 2
m = Mass of an electron
r = Radius of the circular orbit in which the ( Since, Centripetal force = Electrostatic force)
electron is revolving On comparing equations (i) and (ii), we get
v = Speed of electron 2 2
– e = Charge of electron Bohr’ radius, r = ε0 n h
From 1st postulate πme 2
Centripetal force = Electrostatic force 1 e2
2 2
Potential energy, U = – .
mv 1 e 4 πε0 r
=
r 4 pe 0 r 2
me 4
1 e 2 =–
\ v2 =  ... (i) 4e02 n 2 h 2
4 pe 0 mr
2
1 1
From 2nd postulate Kinetic energy, K.E. = mv2 = m  nh 
2 2  
h  2 πmr 
Angular momentum is an integral multiple of
2π
n2 h 2 p2m2 e 4
nh =
mvr = 8 p 2 mε0 2 n 4 h 4
2p
(here mvr is the angular momentum) me 4
K.E. =
nh 8ε02 n 2 h 2
Or, v=
2pmr T.E. = K.E. + P.E.
2 2
n h æ
Or, v2 =  ... (ii) me 4 me 4 ö
4 p2m2r 2 =– + ç- 2 2 2 ÷
8e02 n 2 h 2 ç 4e n h ÷
è 0 ø
On comparing equations (i) and (ii),
1 e2 n2 h 2 me 4
= 2 2 2 =–
4 pe 0 mr 4 p m r
8ε02 n 2 h 2
 Answers 7
(ii) Rydberg's formula: For first member of Lyman Q
series, ⇒ E=
1  1 1  4 πε0 r 2
= R 2 - 2 
λ  1 2  Hence, the field at a distance r is equal to the
field as if whole charge Q is placed at its center
4 4 O.
l = = ´ 912 Å Now, again taking Gaussian surface of radius
3R 3
r < R inside the shell,
= 1216 Å
+ + q + Charged shell
For first member of Balmer Series. +
+
1  1 1 
= R 2 - 2  + R +
λ 2 3  E
r

+
36 O P dS

+
l =
5R +
+
36 ° +
l = × 912 A + Gaussian surface
5 + +
= 6566.4 Å
  Qenclosed
32. (i) Let a point charge Q is situated in a region. ∫ E.ds =
Electric field due to charge Q at a radial distance ε0
kQ Q Since, the whole charge of the shell is distributed
r is given by 2 =
r 4 pe0 r 2 on the surface.
Now, consider a uniformly charged spherical \ Qenclosed = 0
 
shell of radius R, containing charge Q. Thus, ∫ E.ds = 0
Let us take a spherical Gaussian surface of 
radius r > R, coinciding with the centre of shell, Or, E =0
say O. Graph:
∴ From the figure we can conclude that,
E

+ + + Concentric
+ spherical
+ E
+ R Gaussian
+
surface E
1
+

dS r2
+ r + E
+ + P E=0
Charged
+ + +
+Q spherical 0 r
shell r=R

(ii)
The angle between electric field and area vector 1C 4C
P
is also constant.
So, using Gauss’ law for a sphere of radius r,
  Q 30cm
∫ E.ds = enclosed
ε0 X
 
(here E is the electric field vector ds The electric field is zero at distance x cm form 1μC
is the area field vector) charge. Let the point be P.
Q
∫ E ds cos θ = ε Field at P due to the 1μC charge
k × 1µC ˆ
i
0 x2
Electric field vector and area vector are parallel k × 4 µC ˆ
to each other. Field at P due to 4μC charge ( −i )
(30 − x )2
Q
So, E ∫=ds
ε0
=
(cos θ cos0
= ° 1) Since, net field is 0,
k × 1µC k × 4 µC
\ =
And for a sphere ∫ ds= 4 πr 2
x 2 (30 − x )2
Q x2 1
So, E × 4pr2 = =
ε0
(30 − x )2 4
8 Oswaal CBSE Sample Question Papers, PHYSICS, Class-XII

x 1 (ii) If the charge is moved to a distance d and the side

= of the square is doubled, the cube which will now
(30 − x ) 2
be constructed will have a side length 2d. But, the
2x = 30 – x total charge enclosed in it will remain the same.
Or, x = 10 cm Hence, the total flux through the cube and
Thus, electric field is 0 at 10 cm from 1μC charge. therefore the flux through the square will remain
same as before.
Commonly Made Error
33. (i) Let magnetic needle is suspended in the uniform
When answering this question, it is common external magnetic field B and making angle q with
to assume that the electric field at any point it and is slightly disturbed to oscillate in this field.
outside a uniformly charged spherical shell is ®
the same as that of a point charge located in the As magnetic moment M is directed along the axis
shell's centre. of needle, torque t on the needle is
 
 
τ = M×B
Answering Tip
= MB sin q ...(i)
To correctly answer the question, students We also know that
need to apply the Gauss’ law. τ = Ia
Where I is moment of inertia of needle and a
OR
angular acceleration.
(i) Electric flux through a given surface is defined as
Angular acceleration,
the dot product of electric field and area vector
d 2θ
over that surface. a= ...(ii)
  dt 2
Mathematically, φ =∫ E.ds (where f is the flux
 Hence, equation (ii) can be written as
associated with a given surface, E is the electric
d 2θ
field vector and is the area vector) τ= I = – MB sinq
dt 2

Electric flux, through a surface equals the surface
This derived equation is similar to equation of
integral of the electric field over that surface. It is a
simple harmonic motion,
scalar quantity.
d 2θ
= –w2 q
dt 2
MB

where, w2 =
I
Hence, it is proved that it executes simple harmonic
motion.
2p

We know that w=
T
where, T is period of oscillation.

MB 2p

Let us draw a cube of side ‘d’ so that charge ‘q’ gets \ =
I T
placed within of this cube (Gaussian surface).
I

According to Gauss’ law the Electric flux is given T =2p
MB
by,
Charge enclosed (ii) The magnetic potential energy
f=
ε0 = U = ∫tdq
= ∫MB sin q dq
q
⇒ f= = –MB cosq
ε0 ® ®

This is the total flux associated with all the six faces = – M . B
of the cube. OR

Hence, electric flux through the square is given by: Magnetic moment M : Magnetic moment M of a
magnetic dipole is defined as the product of the
1 q q
× = pole strength (m) and the magnetic length (2l).
6 ε0 6ε0
M = m × 2l = 2ml
 Answers 9
(i) Magnetic field intensity due to magnetic dipole at a
point on its axis: 1

resultant

Due to North pole of the magnet (N)

m0 ( m)
B1 =
4 p( d - l )2

Due to South pole of the magnet (S)

m0 ( m)
B=
4 p( d + l )2

Due to S pole

B1 and B2 are oppositely directed.
-m0 m

Hence, resultant magnetic field at point P when B2 =
4 p( d 2 + l 2 )
2l << d:
B1 and B2 both have two components. Sin q
µ0 2 M
B= 3 components balance each other. Cos q components
4 πd
are added up. So, the resultant magnetic field at P is

where, M = m × 2l.
æ 2m 0 ö
(ii) Magnetic field intensity due to magnetic dipole at a ç ÷
B= è 4p ø
point on its equator: é M ù
ê 2 2 3/2 ú
ë ( d + l ) û
Let’s assume that length of dipole = 2l, magnetic
strength of each pole = m, Magnetic permeability of Hence, resultant at point P when 2l << d:
free space = m0, then magnetic field at point P due to: µ0 M
B=
m0 ( m) 4 πd 3
N pole B1 =
4 p( d 2 + l 2 )
where, M = m × 2l

qqq