Automatic Drainage Cleaner

using Atmega328P and Weight Sensor

by

Angelu L. Garingo
Ralph Emerson D. de Belen

A Design Report Submitted to the School of Electrical

Engineering, Electronics Engineering, and Computer
Engineering in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the
Degree

Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering

Mapua University
September 2019
 CHAPTER 1

DESIGN BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION

Flood is one of the biggest concerns during rainy seasons especially

in the Philippines. It gives a huge impact to the place; people around

the flooded area are usually left with no choice but to wait until the

flood subsides before they can go back to their daily routine without

any hassle. Nature has always been taken for granted and as a result,

it pays us back.

Barangay 833, Pandacan, Manila a Local Government Unit (LGU)

existing under the laws of the Republic of the Philippines is one of the

most flooded areas in Metro Manila due to its location with Pasig river

along the shore. Over the years, Barangay 833 experienced different

kinds of flooding. From heavy to light and moderate rain, the area

seems to be unready to most unnecessary situations. Flooding in

Barangay 833 leads to an unhealthy surrounding and causes traffic

along the highways as well.

Alongside with the many reasons and causes of flooding, the

drainage system of Barangay 833 which gets blocked so easily with

waste materials is one of the biggest reasons why the area gets

flooded so easily. Because of this, our team will design a device that

will collect the trash automatically from the small drainages connected

to the manhole or main drainage system.

1
A. Client

Barangay 833, Pandacan, Manila, a Local Government Unit (LGU)

existing under the laws of the Republic of the Philippines, herein

represented by its Barangay Chairwoman, HON. EMILIA C. ENRIQUEZ.

As the head of the said Barangay, Hon. Emilia C. Enriquez will be

responsible to assign people that will monitor and supervise the

device. With her power of command, she will be leading the

deployment of this device to drainages within their vicinity.

B. Need

According to Barangay 833’s Chairwoman, Hon. Emilia C.

Enriquez, the cleaning of their drainages along the narrow street is

scheduled twice a month. The process requires manpower and a tool

from the Metro Manila Development Authority (MMDA). To unblock the

manhole, they use cranes and backhoes to open the manholes for the

removal of waste materials and prevent flooding. Residents in the area

sometimes attempt to fill-in the small drainages with waste materials

such as plastic and sometimes they dispose their trash directly to the

small drainages connected to the main pipe that leads to the manhole;

inadvertently adding to the obstruction of the overall drainage system.

A continuous pour of rain for a few days is a huge threat to the area

2
because of its clogged manhole and drainages that results to

unwanted diseases. From the houses that connect to a one pipe going

to the drainage, the drains were quite narrow to begin with. With more

rubbish obstructing them, rainwater cannot flow quickly enough which

causes flood. The client needs a solution to address the obstruction of

drainage to prevent flooding and reduce the risk of spreading diseases

within the area.

C. Solution

Barangay 833, Pandacan Manila is a flood prone area in Metro

Manila. The Barangay is located along Pasig River which leads to more

chances of flooding especially when rainwater cannot pass through the

pipes that are connected to the river itself. Along with the client’s

discussion on how the process of unclogging the drainages works, we

came up with a plan that will tend to Barangay 833’s need without the

help of cranes and backhoes. The solution simply directs on the small

drainages that lead to the main pipe of the drainage system, filtering

the waste materials before it gets to the manhole reducing the chance

of a clogged drainage.

The approach to the design is to create a device that would

automatically collect the waste materials before it gets to the manhole.

Also, this solution will reduce the trash and debris like plastics and

other solid waste from the small drainages before it gets to the

3
manhole. Hence, preventing the drainage from clogging and the water

going through the pipes can flow without any obstructions.

The device will be like an elevator with a design of filtration.

Basically, the elevator will collect the waste materials from the small

drainages. With a weight sensor for detection that is connected and

programmed to the ATMEGA. The device will automatically dispose the

trash like an elevator that goes up when the threshold weight is

detected through electrical signal. When the trash is ready for disposal

the upper part of the elevator tilts upward and dumps the trash to an

external trash bin and returns to its initial position after disposal for

another collection.

The external trash bin along the side of the road will have its own

Global System for Mobile (GSM) module that will send a notification

message to the in-charge Barangay Official. The Barangay Official will

be notified once the trash bin reaches 80% of the capacity. This would

give them an option of disposing the garbage from the bin at an earlier

time before it overflows. Second notification will be sent when the

trash bin is full or when the trash bin reaches 100% of its capacity. An

ultrasonic sensor will be used to determine if the bin is 80% or 100%

full. The notification will only be sent if the ultrasonic sensor is still

detecting the trash after 15 seconds to prevent spam of text

messages.

4
 To allow the device to move like an elevator that automatically

goes up and down, a stepper motor will be used as a rotary actuator to

allow a precise control of angular position, velocity and acceleration.

There will also be another stepper motor to tilt the cabin of the

elevator; both motors will rotate at the same time. When the cover has

been lifted, only the second motor to tilt the cabin will work.

The common design of an elevator cabin is a four-walled

enclosure with one side that opens and closes. Our design will have the

same concept, except one side of the wall will be completely open. The

open side will be facing the small drainage where the waste materials

are coming from. This opening will then catch the debris or waste

materials. The design of the cabin will have a netted like structure (see

Figure 3.3: Isometric View of the Device Structure) to keep the trash

from flowing whilst collecting the waste material, preventing them from

passing through. As the elevator returns to its initial position the netted

structure will fold beneath it and continues to collect the trash.

While the device goes up, there will be a net that is flexible and

fixed like a garage door below the cabin. It will spread up while the

cabin is going up. It will also serve as a stopper since the waste

materials from the small pipe is nonstop. Hence, this will help prevent

the solid waste from going directly to the manhole while the cabin is

disposing the trash at the top.

5
 Since we will be using ATMEGA as the controlling unit, our device

will be powered up using rechargeable batteries. The structure of the

elevator will be a solid plastic material to prevent from rusting like

metals. The circuit will be enclosed at the top with a roofing to prevent

the device from getting wet, which will be connected to the sensors

below. The sensors for the external trash bin will be using a

waterproofed wire and will be passed through the insides of the

structure to avoid the wire being drenched.

a) Objectives

The main objective of this design is to provide Barangay 833

Pandacan, Manila a device that would filter the waste materials

before it gets to the manhole reducing the chance of a clogged

drainage. The following specific objectives are presented to achieve

the target goal of the design process:

 To implement the automatic operation of the device using the

ATmega328P microcontroller with inputs provided by weight and

ultrasonic sensors which would lower the need for human

intervention in cleaning the drainage.

6
  To design a device that uses a lifting mechanism inside the

drainage to collect debris using stepper motor.

 To create a device that would assist waste collection by notifying

them when the trash-bin is full using GSM module.

b) Scopes and Delimitations

 The device is intended to be used in the drainage of Barangay

833 Pandacan, Manila and has only considered factors relating to

the dimensions of their drainage.

 The waste materials collected from the drainage still needs to be

manually collected from the bin. The devices efficient in

collecting trash will depend on the size of the holes in the

strainer that will be used.

7
D. Differentiation

Design Solution Nearest Similarity

Automatic Drainage Pedal Operated Bicycle

Cleaner Drain Cleaner

using Atmega328P and

Weight Sensor

Technology  The device will use  The device is powered

Atmega328p IC as the by pedal power.
microcontroller.  Power generated by
 The device will use a pedaling is converted
voltage regulator from mechanical to
LM7805. electrical energy by
 The device will use using either dynamo or
3kg holding torque alternator.
stepper motor.  The links consist of
 A weight sensor will gears and belts drives,
be used which will which transmit motion
give the primary input to other parts of the
for the device. machine system.
 GSM module will be
used to notify the
officials for trash
Collection in the
external bin.
 The device will use an
ultrasonic sensor for
the information
regarding the status of
the external trash bin.

8
  Hard plastic will be
used as the structure
of elevator.

Functionalit  Will be used in  Used in remote areas

y Barangay 833 to of India to clean the
prevent drainage from drainage while saving
clogging. electricity.
 Does not need a
person to run the
 Needs manpower to
device.
run the device. Needs
 Automatically dumps
constant pedaling.
trash to an external
bin.
 Needs manpower for  Needs manpower for

garbage collection and garbage collection and

system maintenance. maintenance.

 Notifies officials if the

trash bin reaches 80%
or higher capacity of
the trash bin.
Features  Will be using a  The propeller is
rechargeable battery connected to a center
to increase portability. rod which is rigidly
 The device will receive fixed to the two rigidly
a signal from the fixed holding poles
weight sensor and across the sides of the
processes it to drainage system.
determine if there is  The cleaner sieves out
enough trash the waste materials. It
collected. is connected to a

9
  The device will receive center rod to allow
a signal from the motion.
sensor of the trash bin  The pan helps to
and send a message remove waste
using SIM800L Global materials that has
System and send a been removed by the
message when the cleaner to the trash
battery is low. can.
Table 1. Differentiation Table from Existing study

Table 1 shows the comparison between the proposed device and

Pedal Operated Bicycle Drain Cleaner. The proposed design solution is

to build an automated drainage system using weight and ultrasonic

sensor. The GSM module will then send a notification once the trash bin

is 80% and 100% full. Compared to the Bicycle operated drainage

system, the proposed design does not need manual work. Bicycle

operated drainage system needs constant pedaling. It is efficient for

the slum areas in India but it needs a lot of manual labor to save

electricity.

V.Kalavathi et al. (2017) also developed a mechanical drainage

cleaner that depends on solar power. This machine consists of parts

such as motor, shaft, chain, sprocket, lifter and collecting bin. When

the power is inputted to the machine then motor starts functioning

which gives rotation to the shaft and through the help of shaft, the

sprockets which are fixed to the shaft rotates. This solution is

applicable in the drainage problem of Barangay 833 although the area

10
of the drainage is not reachable by sunlight hence the solar power is

not so useful. The proposed design solution uses rechargeable

batteries as its power source and the GSM module will send a

notification once the battery is running low.

E. Benefits

With the implementation of this device, Barangay 833’s

collection of waste materials through the manholes will be more

efficient. Effortless cleaning of drainages will be achieved since human

intervention will only be required upon the collection of garbage on the

external trash bin.

The chances of flooding will lessen since they won’t have to wait

for MMDA to clean their drainages, which only happens twice a month.

This is enough time for their drainages to get blocked especially during

rainy seasons. Rainwater will flow easily if the garbage along the

drainage are collected frequently. This will also prevent water-

borne diseases from spreading around the area such as typhoid fever,

cholera, leptospirosis, dengue and the likes.

11
 Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

The core area of Metro Manila is low-lying and about 70% (52

km²) of the area depends on the pump drainage systems [5]. Flood

usually occurs when these drainage systems are blocked due to debris

or waste materials that need to be collected manually. MMDA is

responsible for the flood control and drainage management service to

formulate and implement policies, standards, programs and projects

for an integrated flood control and drainage system in Metropolitan

Manila by the government ordinance of RA 7924, Section 3-d [6].

According to the Barangay Captain of Pandacan, Manila, drainages are

cleaned by using cranes and backhoes, but the cleaning is only done

twice a month. That’s enough time to block the drainage and cause

flood around the area.

2.1 Mechanical Drainage Cleaner

Nithyavathy N et al. [1] altered the "Drainage Cleaning Machine"

with the assistance of his team. They kept their consideration towards

12
the wellbeing of metropolitan enterprise laborers. They proposed,

"Pedal Operated Bicycle Drain Cleaner". The bicycle is used to produce

the mechanical energy which is needed to clean the drainage. The

main instrument used in the system is fitted inside the drain cleaner

which effectively runs it without any hassle. The mechanical energy is

powered by the pedal power which can be used for the system instead

of electricity.

Figure 2.1 Pedal Operated Drain Cleaner

V.Kalavathi et al. (2017) also developed a mechanical drainage

cleaner that depends on solar power. This machine consists of parts

such as motor, shaft, chain, sprocket, lifter, collecting bin etc. It has

lifting pans that are lifted by the chains which are in-line with the

sprockets. When the power is inputted to the machine then motor

13
starts functioning which gives rotation to the shaft and through the

help of shaft, the sprockets which are fixed to the shaft rotates.

Daniels (2014) uses the Pan and Tilt Mechanism where the

mechanism is made up of two gears; gear 1 and gear 2. The gears

relate to the ratio of 4:1 which helps gear to create a complete rotatory

motion, gear 2 constitutes a flat curved “S” shaped metal connected

on top of it and also attached in its center to the holding pole. It aids

movement of the pan to and from the axis. Also, the pan itself is held

by a smooth rod which allows it to spin thereby releasing material from

the cleaner to a trash can.

Figure 2.2 Two rotary motors with perpendicular actuation

axes (a).

Two linear motors with parallel actuation axes (b).

Haswani N et al. [2] created and actualized the framework

utilizing remote sensor network. It comprises of little gadgets used to

gather information. The low cost, less maintenance and real time

14
system can update the civil officers by instant message if a certain

manhole is crossing the threshold value. This system has a great

benefit to the citizens and workers who cleans the drainage. Diseases

like malaria, dengue and the likes can also be prevented since the

citizens and workers are less exposed to the manhole.

Chapter 3

DESIGN PROCEDURES

Step-by-step procedure of Hardware Development

1.) Construct a design process flow based on the proposed device

in Chapter 1.

2.) If all the steps of the design process flow are correlated to the

subjects discussed in Chapter 1, then continue design a

conceptual framework. Review Chapter 1 while redoing Step 1

(see Fig. 3.1).

3.) On the design process flow, identify the input entity, the

processes it will go through, and identify also the output after

it has been processed. (see Fig. 3.2).

15
 4.) Conceptualize and design a block diagram with the materials

needed to create a functioning prototype of the design. To

create the diagram needed, use the online diagram editor

provided by www.draw.io (see Fig. 3.4).

5.) Download and install the Fritzing software for the creation of

the schematic diagram and Tina Pro software for the

simulation of the parts of the circuit.

6.) Research about all the components to be used and place it in

the design layout of the schematic diagram.

7.) Connect every component to its respective pin connection.

8.) Export and save the schematic once it’s done (see Fig. 3.5).

A. Hardware Development

Design Process Flow

16
 Figure 3.1 Design Flow of the proposed Device

Chapter 3 shows a detailed explanation on how the proposed device

was designed and created. The design process begins with the

determining the problem of the client and identifying the needs and

requirements for it to be solved. After the needs and the requirements

of the client is determined and listed, the design group will list

objectives concerning the designing of the device to satisfy the needs

and the requirements for the problem. The design group conducted a

review of related literature or similar studies about the different

technologies available that can clean the drainage more efficiently or

the different approach in maintaining the cleanliness of sewage

system. After that the design group will conceptualize and design

based on the review of related literature and the objectives listed. The

design group will present to the client the proposal for the design

17
project, as the innovative solution to their problem that will meet the

needs and the requirements, if the client does not approve of the

design proposal, the group will then have to redesign the device to

satisfy the requirements of the client. If the client has approved of the

design proposal, then the design group will then proceed in the

developing of the hardware and software components of the proposed

device. The development of the hardware and the software includes

the program flow of the system, block diagram, schematic diagram,

flowchart of the process, the functions to be applied. After a prototype

is complete, the design group will test the functionalities and the

capabilities of the device and draw conclusion if and only if the device

is working properly, if it does not work properly, the design group will

conduct error checking, correct and verify until the prototype will work

properly.

Conceptual Diagram

Figure 3.2 Conceptual Framework of the Proposed Device

18
 As presented in figure 3.2, the device will collect trash and wait

for the weight sensor to send input signals to indicate if there are

enough trash collected in the elevator and the Ultrasonic sensor sends

input signal to the device for the external trash bin. The microcontroller

then processes the operation provided by the device to check if there

are enough trash or whether there is none, the microcontroller also

processes to determine the status of the external trash bin. The device

then sends signals to moves the motor as its output and dump the

trash collected and return to its initial position and to send signal to the

GSM as its output regarding the status of the external trash bin.

Block Diagram

Figure 3.3 Hardware Block Diagram

19
 Figure 3.3 shows the Hardware block diagram of the proposed

device for automatic drainage cleaner device. The device makes use of

a 12v battery in order to power up the two-stepper motor as well as to

power up the ATmega328P with the use of a Voltage Regulator

(LM7805), the SIM800L GSM Module, and the weight and ultrasonic

sensors. The input will be signals from the sensors, which will then be

processed by the Atmega328p. The stepper motors will then receive an

output signal from the Atmega328p for it to move, either up or down.

The microcontroller will also send an output signal to the GSM Module

which will then send a message to the mobile phone.

Figure 3.4 Schematic Diagram

20 Full View
Schematic Diagram

Figure 3.4.1 Schematic Diagram

21
22
 Figure 3.4.2 Schematic Diagram

Figure 3.4 shows the schematic diagram. The schematic diagram

starts with the 12V power supply to a voltage regulator that consist of

23
two 100uF capacitor for a smooth transfer of 5V to the ATMEGA and

before the 5V supply pass through the ATMEGA there is a crystal

oscillator (16MHz and 22pF capacitor) for frequency stabilization.

The crystal oscillator is possible to obtain very high precise and stable

frequency of oscillators. It has High frequency of operation. It has very

low frequency drift due to change in temperature and other

parameters. HX711 Amplifier is used for a more precise value of weight

from the readings of the weight sensor. For the SIM800Lv2 we used

UART connection, also an ultrasonic sensor is attached for detection

directly connected to the pins of ATMEGA. Stepper motors are motors

that have multiple coils in them, so that they can be moved in small

increments or steps. Stepper motors are typically either unipolar or

bipolar, meaning that they have either one main power connection or

two. For the stepper motor to work properly we used DRV8825 stepper

motor driver. Usually, the common connection for a seven segment to

work is counters-decoders-seven segment. 7447 IC as a BCD to 7

segment decoder/driver requires 4-bit signal, in our design we needed

two seven segment output for the percentage capacity of the trash bin

and operations done by the device within the day. Normally an 8-bit

signal requires 8 pins to the atmega but then we designed a

connection to the atmega by applying the principles of logic circuits,

we used logic gates to make a proper connection to the atmega and

the 8 pins connection is reduced to 3 pin connection.

24
 INPUT OUTPUT
A B C NUM A B C D E F G
0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
0 0 1 14 0 1 1 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 28 1 1 0 1 1 0 1
0 1 1 42 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
1 0 0 56 1 0 1 1 0 1 1
1 0 1 70 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
1 1 0 84 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 100 1 1 1 1 1 1 0

Figure 3.5 Truth table (10’s)

The percentage output for the trash bin’s capacity through the

seven segments was divided into 8 parts mainly, 0 14 28 42 56 70 84

100. To simplify it into Boolean algebra expressions we used Karnaugh

Map to create a schematic diagram for the connection between

ATMEGA and seven segments output.

Equations for 10’s

A Using Karnaugh Map For A

BC
00 01 11 10

0 1 0 0 1

1 1 1 1 1

A = A+C’

Figure 3.5.1 Karnaugh Map for A

A+ C’ 25
A Using Karnaugh Map for B

BC
00 01 11 10
B = A’+C+B
0 1 1 1 1

1 0 1 1 1

Figure 3.5.2 Karnaugh Map for B

A Using Karnaugh Map For C A’+

BC
00 01 11 10

0 1 1 1 0

1 1 1 1 1

C= A+B’+C

Figure 3.5.1 Karnaugh Map for C

A Using Karnaugh Map for D A+ B’

BC
00 01 11 10

0 1 0 0 1

1 1 0 1 1

D =AB+C’

Figure 3.5.3 Karnaugh Map for D

AB+ C’ 26
A Using Karnaugh Map for E

BC
00 01 11 10

0 1 0 0 1

1 0 0 1 1

E= AB+A’C’

Figure 3.5.4 Karnaugh Map for E

A Using Karnaugh Map For F AB+ A’C’

BC
00 01 11 10

F=BC+A 0 1 0 1 0 C’+B’C’
1 1 0 1 1

Figure 3.5.5 Karnaugh Map for F

BC+ AC’ +
A Using Karnaugh Map for G

BC
00 01 11 10

0 0 0 1 1

1 1 0 0 1

G= A’B+AC’

27
 Figure 3.5.6 Karnaugh Map for G
A’B+ AC’

OUTPUT
A B C D E F G X
1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0
0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0
1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0
0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1
Figure 3.6 Truth Table (1’s)

For the 1’s, to display 100 in the seven-segment display we

needed X to trigger when the input is 111 to output 100, as you can

you see on the table itself G is at a low level to output 0.

28
 Equations for 1’s

Using Karnaugh Map for A

BC
00 01 11 10

0 1 0 1 1

1 1 1 1 0

A A= A’C’+BC+AB’

Figure 3.6.1 Karnaugh Map for A

A’C’+BC+AB’

Using Karnaugh Map for B

BC
00 01 11 10

0 1 1 1 1

1 0 1 1 1

A
B = A’+C+B

Figure 3.6.2 Karnaugh Map for B

A’+C+B
Using Karnaugh Map For C

BC
00 01 11 10

0 1 1 0 1 29
1 1 1 1 1
A
C = C’+B’+A

Figure 3.6.3 Karnaugh Map for C

C’+B’+A
Using Karnaugh Map For D

BC
00 01 11 10

0 1 0 1 1

1 1 1 1 0

D =A’C’+BC+AB’

Figure 3.6.4 Karnaugh Map for D

A’C’+BC+AB’

Using Karnaugh Map For E

BC
00 01 11 10

0 1 0 1 1

1 1 1 1 0

30
 E= A’C’+BC+AB’

Figure 3.6.5 Karnaugh Map for E

A’C’+BC+AB’
Using Karnaugh Map For F

BC
00 01 11 10

0 1 1 0 1

1 1 1 1 1

F=
C’+B’+A

Figure 3.6.6 Karnaugh Map for F

C’+B’+A
Using Karnaugh Map For G

BC
00 01 11 10

0 0 1 1 1

1 1 0 0 1

G= AC’+A’B+A’C

Figure 3.6.7 Karnaugh Map for G

AC’+A’B+A’C
31
Hardware Components

 A 12-volt supply battery.

 Voltage regulator (LM7805) to output 5 volts’ power supply to power

up the ATmega328.

 ATmega328P will serve as the controlling unit of the whole device

by processing the inputs provided by other components.

 Stepper Motor to lift and down the elevator using DRV88825

Stepper Motor Controller IC, the device has two H-bridge drivers and

a micro stepping indexer and is intended to drive a bipolar stepper

motor. The output driver block consists of N-channel power

MOSFET’s configured as full H-bridges to drive the motor windings.

 Weight sensor is used to detect the input (trash) coming from the

drainage system.

 Ultrasonic Sensor to measure distance by using ultrasonic waves.

The sensor head emits an ultrasonic wave and receives the wave

reflected from the target.

 GSM module (Sim800Lv2), SIM800L is a miniature

cellular module which allows for GPRS transmission, sending and

receiving SMS and making and receiving voice calls.

32
 HX711 Amplifier is used for a more precise value of weight from the

readings of the weight sensor.

 AND, NOT, OR Logic gates for building blocks of our digital system.

It is an electronic circuit having one or more than one input and only

one output connected to a 3 seven segment display.

Isometric View

Figure 3.7 Isometric View of the device structure

Figure 3.7 shows the Isometric View of the device’s structure.

The device will have an elevator structure which has holes for it to

collect trash and drain water that passes through it. The elevator goes

up by turning the two-stepper motor at the same time, then a net like

structure attached directly beneath it will unfold in the three sides of

the structure, then the elevator pushes up the cover of the drainage

for it to open. Then when the elevator reaches the top of the structure,

33
only the second motor will work for it to tilt and dumps the trash to an

external trash bin.

B. Software Development

The following figure shows the main flowchart for the software

development of the proposed device.

1. Identify the operational flow of the system.

2. Create the flowchart of the system based on the operational flow.

(see Figure 3.8.1)

3. Download Arduino IDE software

4. Develop and create a program to the controller’s ATMEGA328P

based on the logic on the operational flowchart using C++

programming language and upload it using the Arduino IDE.

5. Debug and test the program for possible errors.

6. Optimize and troubleshoot if necessary.

34
 Figure 3.8.1 Main flowchart

Figure 3.8.1 shows that the device will begin with initializing the

variables to be used, then checking if the battery have the necessary

capacity to do the process (see Figure 3.8.2). Then it will start to detect

if there are trash using the weight sensor, the signals that will be sent

to the microcontroller (see Figure 3.8.3). After that the microcontroller

will send signal to activate the stepper motor to either go up or down,

depending on the input of the sensors (see Figure 3.8.4). Then the

device will dump the trash to an external bin (see Figure 3.8.5), and

will send message to the mobile device once the external trash bin is

35
80% full or higher and every time the device finishes the whole

procedure and there are still 80% or higher of the external trash bin

contents, there will be a message to the mobile device (see Figure

3.8.5).

Figure 3.8.2 Flowchart for Battery Check Module

Figure 3.8.2 shows the flowchart for the Battery Check Module of

the device. The device takes the input of the analog signal from the

battery where voltage level will be read from and stores that value into

the variable Battery. The device then determines whether the value

36
that was read is less than or equal to 9.8V then it sets the value of a

certain variable to indicate that it is running low on battery.

Figure 3.8.3 Flowchart of the Trash Detection Module

The figure 3.8.3 shows the flowchart for the Trash Detection Module.

The device will collect the trash inside the drainage. The device will

then measure the weight of the trash. Once the weight reaches greater

than or equal to 1kg it will return. If not, it will wait until it reaches the

threshold value.

37
 Figure 3.8.4 Flowchart of Activate Stepper Motors Module

In figure 3.8.4 shows the flowchart of Activate Stepper Motors

Module. The microcontroller will send signal to the two motors to rotate

and move the elevator cabin up. Until it reaches its destination it will

continue to rotate, then it will return.

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 Figure 3.8.5 Flowchart for Trash Disposal Module

The figure 3.8.5 shows the flowchart for Trash Disposal Module.

In this module the microcontroller sends signal to the stepper 2 to

rotate and turn a side of the elevator cabin or tilt the elevator. Then if

the ultrasonic sensor fluctuates it means that there is trash being

disposed. If it does not the microcontroller sends signal again to the

stepper motor 2 to rotate in reverse to return to its leveled position.

Then, the microcontroller sends signal to Stepper 1 and 2. Stepper

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Motor 1 and stepper motor 2 will rotate in reverse at the same time to

return the elevator to its initial position. Then return.

Figure 3.8.6 Flowchart of Send Message Module

The figure 3.8.6 shows the flowchart of Send Message Module. In

this module the battery status will be checked and status update on

the trash bins capacity. When the battery is running low, the module

will send notification to the barangay, using ultrasonic sensor the

system will be able to detect the trash bin’s capacity (80-100%) and

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through the message module, the system will then send status update

of the trash bins capacity to the barangay for collection process.

References

[1] V Vivek. Jawnekar, Mr. Dhiraj, C Jagtap, Shubham, Gulhane H., Arti

Jamdapure and Duryodhan N S, Pedal Operated Bicycle Drain

Cleaner,International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology

(IRJET), Vol. 4, Issue 6, Pp. 23-43.

[2] Navin G Haswani, Pramod J Deore, Web-based realtime

underground drainage or sewage monitoring system using Wireless

Sensor Networks, Fourth International Conference on Computing

Communication Control and Automation (ICCUBEA), 2018

[3] C. Daniels, Drainage System Cleaner: A Solution to Environmental

Hazards, International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science

(IRJES), Volume 3, Issue 3(March 2014), PP.54-60.

[4] V.Kalavathi, Rajesh Kumar Bhuyan. Automatic Drain Cleaner Run By

Solar Power, Global Scientific Journals: Volume 5, Issue 10, October

2017.

[5] Japan International Cooperation Agency (Jica). The Study On

Drainage Improvement In The Core Area Of Metropolitan Manila,

Republic Of The Philippines, March 2005

[6] Metropolitan Manila Development Authority et al v. CONCERNED

Residents Of Manila Bay et al, Supreme Court of the Philippines (en

banc) (December 18, 2008)

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