예상문제 고1 예상문제 고1

2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅰ 2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅰ
유형 A 유형 A

A (어법·어휘Ⅰ) 유형 A ┃3월 19번┃ 유형 A ┃3월 20번┃ 유형 A ┃3월 21번┃

On a ⓐtwo­weeks trip in the Rocky Mountains, I It is (A)(easy / difficult) for any of us (B)(maintain / If we adopt technology, we need to pay ⓐits costs.
유형 A ┃3월 18번┃ saw a grizzly bear in its native habitat. At first, I felt to maintain) a constant level of attention throughout Thousands of traditional livelihoods have been
(A)(joy / fear) as I watched the bear (B)(walk / to our working day. We all have body rhythms (A)(pushed / pushing) aside by progress, and the
To whom it may concern,
walk) across the land. He stopped every once in a ⓐcharacterised by peaks and valleys of ㉠energy and lifestyles around those jobs ㉠(removed / developed).
I am a resident of the Blue Sky Apartment. Recently
while ⓑto turn his head about, (C)(sniffing / sniffed) alertness. You will achieve ㉡more, and ⓑfeel Hundreds of millions of humans today work at jobs
I observed (A)(what / that) the kid zone is in need of
deeply. He was following the (D)(sound / scent) of (C)(confident / timid) as a benefit, if you ㉢schedule they hate, (B)(produce / producing) things they have
repairs. I want you ⓐto pay attention to the poor
something, and ⓒslowly I began to realize (E)(that / your most demanding tasks at times when you are no love ⓑfor. Sometimes these jobs ㉡(cause / result
condition of the playground equipment in the zone.
what) this giant animal ⓓwas smelling me! I froze. ㉣best able to cope with (D)(it / them). If you haven’t from) physical pain, disability, or chronic disease.
The swings are (B)(damaged / damaging), the paint is
This was no longer a (F)(wonderful / horrible) thought about energy peaks before, (E)(take / taking) Technology ⓒcreates many new jobs that (C)(is / are)
falling off, and ⓑsome of the bolts on the slide are
experience; it was now an issue of survival. The bear’s a few days to observe ⓒyou. Try to (F)(note / certainly dangerous. At the same time, mass
missing. The facilities ⓒhave been in this (C)(terrific /
motivation was ⓔto find meat to eat, and I was disregard) the times when you are at your best. We education and media train humans to ㉢(prefer /
terrible) condition since we moved here. They are
clearly on his menu. are all ㉤the same. For some, the peak will come first avoid) low-tech physical work, to seek jobs working in
(D)(safe / dangerous) to the children (E)(playing /
*scent: 냄새 thing in the morning, but for ⓓothers it may take a the digital world. The divorce of the hands from the
played) there. Would you please have them ⓓrepair?
while ⓔto warm up. head ⓓputs a stress on the human mind. Indeed, the
I would appreciate your immediate (F)(indifference /
4. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 어법상 어색한 것은?4) *alertness: 기민함 sedentary nature of the best-paying jobs ⓔare a
attention) ⓔto solve this matter.
health risk ─ for body and mind.
Yours sincerely, ① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
7. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 어법상 어색한 것은?7) *chronic: 만성의 **sedentary: 주로 앉아서 하는
Nina Davis
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
11. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 어법상 어색한 것은?11)
1. 위 글의 괄호 (A), (B), (E)에서 어법상 알맞은 말로 바
르게 연결된 것은?1) ① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
(A) (B) (E) 5. 위 글의 괄호 (A), (D), (F)에서 흐름상 알맞은 말로 바
① what damaging played 르게 연결된 것은?5) 8. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ㉠~㉤ 중, 흐름상 어색한 것은?8)
② what damaged playing (A) (D) (F) ① ㉠ ② ㉡ ③ ㉢ ④ ㉣ ⑤ ㉤
③ that damaged played ① joy scent wonderful 12. 위 글의 괄호 (A), (B), (C)에서 어법상 알맞은 말로
④ that damaged playing 바르게 연결된 것은?12)
② joy scent horrible
⑤ that damaging playing ③ joy sound wonderful (A) (B) (C)
④ fear scent horrible ① pushed produce is
9. 위 글의 괄호 (A), (C), (F)에서 흐름상 알맞은 말로 바
⑤ fear sound wonderful 르게 연결된 것은?9) ② pushed producing is
③ pushing produce are
(A) (C) (F)
2. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 어법상 어색한 것은?2) ④ pushed producing are
① difficult confident note
⑤ pushing producing are
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ ② easy confident note
③ difficult confident disregard
6. 위 글의 괄호 (B), (C), (E)에서 어법상 알맞은 말로 바 ④ easy timid disregard
르게 연결된 것은?6) ⑤ difficult timid note
(B) (C) (E) 13. 위 글의 괄호 ㉠, ㉡, ㉢에서 흐름상 알맞은 말로 바
3. 위 글의 괄호 (C), (D), (F)에서 흐름상 알맞은 말로 바
르게 연결된 것은?13)
르게 연결된 것은?3) ① walk sniffing what
② walk sniffing that ㉠ ㉡ ㉢
(C) (D) (F)
③ walk sniffed what ① removed cause prefer
① terrible safe indifference 10. 위 글의 괄호 (B), (D), (E)에서 어법상 알맞은 말로
④ to walk sniffing that 바르게 연결된 것은?10) ② removed cause avoid
② terrible dangerous attention
⑤ to walk sniffed what ③ removed result from prefer
③ terrific dangerous attention (B) (D) (E)
④ developed cause avoid
④ terrific safe attention ① maintain it taking
⑤ developed result from avoid
⑤ terrible dangerous indifference ② maintain them take
③ to maintain it take
④ to maintain them take
⑤ to maintain them taking

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 예상문제 고1 예상문제 고1
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅰ 2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅰ
유형 A 유형 A

유형 A ┃3월 22번┃ 유형 A ┃3월 23번┃ 유형 A ┃3월 24번┃ 유형 A ┃3월 25번┃

When students are starting their college life, they As the ⓐsocial and economic situation of countries Success can lead you ⓐoff your intended path and
may (A)(approach / approach to) every course, test, got better, wage levels and working conditions into a comfortable rut. If you are good at something
or learning task the same way, (B)(using / used) what improved. Gradually people were given (A)(less / and are well rewarded for doing it, you may want to
we like ⓐto call “the rubber-stamp approach.” more) time off. At the same time, forms of transport keep (A)(to do / doing) it even if you ⓑcontinue
(C)(Think / Thinking) about it this way: Would you improved and it became ⓑfaster and cheaper ㉠(got enjoying it. The (B)(benefit / danger) is (C)(that /
wear a tuxedo to a baseball game? A colorful dress / to get) to places. England’s industrial revolution what) one day you look around and ㉠realize you’re
to a funeral? A bathing suit to religious services? ㉡(led / leading) to many of these changes. Railways, so ⓒdeep in this comfortable rut ㉡which you can
Probably not. You know there’s (D)(appropriate / in the nineteenth century, ⓒhave opened up now no longer see the sun or breathe fresh air; the sides
inappropriate) dress for different occasions and famous seaside resorts such as Blackpool and of the rut have become so ⓓslippery that it would
settings. Skillful learners know that “ⓑput on Brighton. With the railways ⓓcame many large hotels. take a superhuman effort (D)(climb / to climb) out;
(E)(the same / different) clothes” won’t work for every In Canada, for example, the new coast-to-coast and, effectively, you’re ⓔstuck. And it’s a situation
class. ㉠They are (F)(flexible / inflexible) learners. railway system made (B)(possible / impossible) the ㉢that many working people worry they’re in now. The above graph shows the number of births and
㉡They have different strategies and ⓒknow when to building of ㉢(so / such) famous hotels as Banff The (E)(stable / poor) employment market has left deaths in Korea from 2016 to 2021. The number of
use ㉢them. ㉣They know that you study for Springs and Chateau Lake Louise in the Rockies. Later, them feeling ㉣locked in ㉤what may be a secure, or births continued ⓐto decrease throughout the whole
multiple-choice tests ⓓdifferently than you study for the arrival of air transport ⓔopened up more of the even well-paying — but ultimately (F)(satisfying / period. The gap between the number of births and
essay tests. And ㉤they not only know what to do, world and (C)(led to / slowed down) tourism growth. unsatisfying) — job. deaths ⓑwas the largest in 2016. In 2019, the gap
ⓔbut they also know how to do it. *rut: 틀에 박힌 생활 between the number of births and deaths was the
18. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 어법상 어색한 것은?18) smallest, with the number of births ⓒslightly larger
14. 위 글의 괄호 (A), (B), (C)에서 어법상 알맞은 말로 ① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ 21. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 흐름상 어색한 것은?21) than that of deaths. The number of deaths increased
바르게 연결된 것은?14) steadily during the whole period, ⓓexcepted the
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
(A) (B) (C) period from 2018 to 2019. In 2020, the number of
① approach using Think deaths was larger than ⓔthat of births for the first
② approach using Thinking time.
19. 위 글의 괄호 (A), (B), (C)에서 흐름상 알맞은 말로 22. 위 글의 괄호 (A), (C), (D)에서 어법상 알맞은 말로
③ approach used Think 바르게 연결된 것은?19) 바르게 연결된 것은?22)
④ approach to using Thinking 25. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 어법상 어색한 것은?25)
(A) (B) (C) (A) (C) (D)
⑤ approach to used Think ① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
① less possible led to ① doing that climb
② less impossible led to ② doing what to climb
③ more possible slowed down ③ doing that to climb
15. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 어법상 어색한 것은?15) ④ more possible led to ④ to do that to climb
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ ⑤ more impossible slowed down ⑤ to do what climb 26. 위 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?26)
① The graph above provides information on how
many people were born and died each year in
16. 위 글의 괄호 (D), (E), (F)에서 흐름상 알맞은 말로 23. 위 글의 괄호 (B), (E), (F)에서 흐름상 알맞은 말로 Korea for 6 years from 2016 to 2021.
바르게 연결된 것은?16) 20. 위 글의 괄호 ㉠, ㉡, ㉢에서 어법상 알맞은 말로 바 바르게 연결된 것은?23) ② While the number of births each year kept
(D) (E) (F) 르게 연결된 것은?20) (B) (E) (F) reducing during the given period, the number of
① appropriate the same flexible ㉠ ㉡ ㉢ ① benefit stable satisfying deaths kept increasing.
② appropriate the same inflexible ① got led such ② benefit poor unsatisfying ③ The graph shows there was the biggest gap
③ appropriate different flexible ② to get led such ③ danger stable unsatisfying between the number of births and the number
④ inappropriate the same flexible ③ got leading so ④ danger poor satisfying of deaths in 2016.
⑤ inappropriate different inflexible ④ to get led so ⑤ danger poor unsatisfying ④ 2019 was the last year when the number of
⑤ to get leading such deaths was lower than that of births during the
given period.
⑤ The number of births was higher than the
17. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ㉠~㉤ 중, 가리키는 대상이 나머지 24. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ㉠~㉤ 중, 어법상 어색한 것은?24)
number of deaths from 2016 to 2019.
와 다른 것은?17)
① ㉠ ② ㉡ ③ ㉢ ④ ㉣ ⑤ ㉤
① ㉠ ② ㉡ ③ ㉢ ④ ㉣ ⑤ ㉤

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 예상문제 고1 예상문제 고1
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅰ 2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅰ
유형 A 유형 A

유형 A ┃3월 26번┃ 유형 A ┃3월 27번┃ 유형 A ┃3월 28번┃ 유형 A ┃3월 29번┃

Lilian Bland was born in Kent, England in 1878.
ⓐUnlike most other girls at the time she wore
trousers and (A)(spend / spent) her time ⓑenjoying
adventurous activities ㉠like horse riding and hunting.
Lilian began her career as a sports and wildlife
photographer for British newspapers. In 1910 she
became the first woman to design, build, and ㉡fly
her own airplane. In order to ㉢persuade her (B)(to
try / try) a slightly ⓒbolder activity, Lilian’s dad
bought her a car. Soon Lilian was a ⓓmaster driver
and ended up ㉣work as a car dealer. She never
went back to flying but lived a long and (C)(exciting
/ excited) life ⓔnonetheless. She married, moved to
Canada, and had a kid. Eventually, she moved back
to England, and ㉤lived there for the rest of her life.
27. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 흐름상 어색한 것은?27)
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
Call for Articles Greenhill Roller Skating The most noticeable human characteristic ⓐprojecting
onto animals is that they can talk in human
Do you want to get your stories ⓐto publish? New Join us for your chance ⓐto enjoy roller skating! language. (A)(Physically / Psychologically), animal
Dream Magazine is ⓑlooking for future writers! This cartoon characters and toys ⓑmade after animals are
event is open to anyone ⓒaged 13 to 18. • Place: Greenhill Park, 351 Cypress Avenue also most often deformed in such a way as to
• Dates: Friday, April 7 - Sunday, April 9 ⓒresemble humans. This ⓓis achieved by showing
Articles • Time: 9 a.m. - 6 p.m. them with humanlike facial features and deformed
• Length of writing: 300-325 words • Fee: $8 per person for a ⓑ50-minute session front legs to resemble human hands. In more recent
• Articles should also include high-quality color photos. (B)(live-action / animated) movies the trend ⓔhas
Details been to show the animals in a more “natural” way.
Rewards - Admission will be on a first-come, ⓒfirst-served However, they still use their front legs like human
• Five cents per word basis with no reservations. hands (for example, lions can pick up and ㉠(lift / to
• Five dollars per photo - Children under the age of 10 must be ⓓaccompanying lift) small objects with one paw), and they still talk
by an adult. with an appropriate facial expression. A general
Notes - We will lend ⓔyou our roller skates for free. strategy that ㉡(uses / is used) to make the animal
• You should send ⓓus your phone number together characters (C)(less / more) emotionally appealing, both
with your writing. Contact the Community Center for more information to children and adults, is ㉢(given / to give) them
• Please ⓔemail your writing to us at article at 013-234-6114. enlarged and deformed childlike features.
@ndmag.com. *deform: 변형하다 **paw: (동물의) 발

32. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 어법상 어색한 것은?32)

30. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 어법상 어색한 것은?30) ① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ 34. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 어법상 어색한 것은?34)
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ ① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ

28. 위 글의 괄호 (A), (B), (C)에서 어법상 알맞은 말로

바르게 연결된 것은?28) 35. 위 글의 괄호 (A), (B), (C)에서 흐름상 알맞은 말로
33. 위 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?33) 바르게 연결된 것은?35)
(A) (B) (C)
① spend to try exciting ① The event provides participants with chances to (A) (B) (C)
② spend try excited 31. 위 글을 읽고 답할 수 없는 질문은?31) experience roller skating. ① Physically animated less
③ spent to try excited ① What is the purpose of the event? ② The event lasts for three days. ② Psychologically animated more
④ spent try exciting ② How should participants submit their works? ③ People will enter in order of arrival without ③ Physically animated more
⑤ spent to try exciting ③ When is the deadline to apply for the event? reservation. ④ Psychologically live-action less
④ What do participants receive as a reward in the ④ Children under the age of ten are not admitted ⑤ Physically live-action more
event? without a guardian.
⑤ What are the requirements for participants to ⑤ Participants should pay the fee every 50 minutes
follow? and additionally pay for using roller skates later.
36. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ㉠, ㉡, ㉢에서 어법상 알맞은 말로
바르게 연결된 것은?36)
29. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ㉠~㉤ 중, 어법상 어색한 것은?29) ㉠ ㉡ ㉢
① ㉠ ② ㉡ ③ ㉢ ④ ㉣ ⑤ ㉤ ① to lift uses given
② to lift is used to give
③ lift is used given
④ lift uses to give
⑤ lift is used to give

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 예상문제 고1 예상문제 고1
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅰ 2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅰ
유형 A 유형 A

유형 A ┃3월 30번┃ 유형 A ┃3월 31번┃ 유형 A ┃3월 32번┃ 유형 A ┃3월 33번┃

The major philosophical shift in the idea ⓐthat People differ in (A)(how / what) quickly they can If you want the confidence that ⓐcome from In Lewis Carroll’s Through the Looking-Glass, the
selling came when industrial societies became more reset their biological clocks ⓐto overcome jet lag, achieving what you set out ⓑto do each day, then Red Queen ⓐtakes Alice on a race through the
affluent, more competitive, and more geographically and the speed of recovery depends on the direction it’s (A)(important / unnecessary) to understand how countryside. They run and they run, but then Alice
spread out during the 1940s and 1950s. This of travel. Generally, it’s ㉠(easier / harder) to fly long things are going to take. Over-optimism about discovers (A)(what / that) they’re still under the same
(A)(forced / forbade) business to develop closer westward and lengthen your day than it is ⓑto fly what can ㉠(achieve / be achieved) within a certain tree that they ⓑstarted from. The Red Queen
relations with buyers and clients, ㉠(which / where) in eastward and shorten ㉡it. This east-west difference in time frame is a (B)(solution / problem). So work on explains to Alice: “here, you see, it takes all the
turn made business realize ⓑthat it was not enough jet lag is ㉢(small / sizable) enough ⓒhaving an it. Make a practice of ⓒestimating the amount of running you can do, ⓒto keep in the same place.”
to produce a quality product at a reasonable price. In impact on the performance of sports teams. Studies time needed alongside items on your ‘things to do’ Biologists sometimes use this Red Queen Effect
fact, it was equally (B)(essential / troublesome) to have found (B)(what / that) teams flying westward list, and ㉡(learn / learning) by experience when tasks (B)(explains / to explain) an evolutionary principle. If
deliver products ⓒthat customers actually wanted. perform ⓓsignificantly better than teams flying take a greater or lesser time than expected. Give foxes ⓓevolve to run faster so they can catch more
Henry Ford produced his best-selling T-model Ford in eastward in professional baseball and college football. attention also to fitting the task to the available time. rabbits, then only the fastest rabbits will live (C)(long
one color only (black) in 1908, but in modern A more recent study of more than 46,000 Major There are some tasks ㉢(that / where) you can only enough / enough long) to make a new generation of
societies this was no longer ㉡(possible / possibly). League Baseball games found ⓔadditional evidence set about if you have a (C)(limited / significant) bunnies that run even faster — in which case, of
The modernization of society led to a marketing (C)(that / which) eastward travel is ㉣(easier / amount of time available. There is no point in course, only the ㉠(fastest / slowest) foxes will ⓔbe
revolution ⓓthat destroyed the view ⓔthat production tougher) than westward travel. ⓓtrying to gear up for such a task when you only caught enough rabbits to thrive and ㉡(pass on /
would (C)(reduce / create) its own demand. *jet lag: 시차로 인한 피로감 have a short period available. So ⓔschedule the time pass over) their genes. Even though they might run,
Customers, and the desire ㉢(met / to meet) their you need for the longer tasks and put the short the two species just ㉢(grow apart / stay in place).
diverse and often complex needs, became the focus 40. 위 글의 괄호 (A), (B), (C)에서 어법상 알맞은 말로 tasks into the spare moments in between. *thrive: 번성하다
of business. 바르게 연결된 것은?40) *gear up: 준비를 갖추다, 대비하다
*affluent: 부유한 47. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 어법상 어색한 것은?47)
(A) (B) (C)
① how what that 44. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 어법상 어색한 것은?44) ① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
37. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 어법상 어색한 것은?37) ② what what which ① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ ③ how that that
④ what that that
⑤ how that which 48. 위 글의 괄호 (A), (B), (C)에서 어법상 알맞은 말로
45. 위 글의 괄호 (A), (B), (C)에서 흐름상 알맞은 말로 바르게 연결된 것은?48)
38. 위 글의 괄호 (A), (B), (C)에서 흐름상 알맞은 말로 바르게 연결된 것은?45) (A) (B) (C)
바르게 연결된 것은?38) 41. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 어법상 어색한 것은?41) (A) (B) (C) ① what explains enough long
(A) (B) (C) ① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ ① unnecessary solution limited ② that to explain long enough
① forced essential reduce ② unnecessary problem significant ③ what to explain long enough
② forced essential create ③ important solution significant ④ that to explain enough long
③ forced troublesome reduce 42. 위 글의 괄호 ㉠, ㉢, ㉣에서 흐름상 알맞은 말로 바 ④ important problem limited ⑤ that explains long enough
④ forbade troublesome create 르게 연결된 것은?42) ⑤ important problem significant
⑤ forbade essential create
㉠ ㉢ ㉣
① easier small easier
② easier sizable easier 49. 위 글의 괄호 ㉠, ㉡, ㉢에서 흐름상 알맞은 말로 바
③ harder small tougher 46. 위 글의 괄호 ㉠, ㉡, ㉢에서 어법상 알맞은 말로 바 르게 연결된 것은?49)
39. 위 글의 괄호 ㉠, ㉡, ㉢에서 어법상 알맞은 말로 바 ④ easier sizable tougher 르게 연결된 것은?46) ㉠ ㉡ ㉢
르게 연결된 것은?39) ㉠ ㉡ ㉢ ① fastest pass on grow apart
⑤ harder sizable tougher
㉠ ㉡ ㉢ ① achieve learn that ② slowest pass over grow apart
① where possibly met ② be achieved learn where ③ slowest pass on stay in place
② which possible met 43. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ㉡it이 가리키는 것으로 알맞은 것은?43) ③ achieve learning that ④ fastest pass on stay in place
③ where possible to meet ④ be achieved learn that ⑤ fastest pass over grow apart
① travel ② your day
④ which possible to meet ⑤ be achieved learning where
③ jet lag ④ biological clock
⑤ which possibly to meet
⑤ the speed of recovery

- 8 - - 9 -
 예상문제 고1 예상문제 고1
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅰ 2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅰ
유형 A 유형 A

유형 A ┃3월 34번┃ 유형 A ┃3월 35번┃ 유형 A ┃3월 36번┃ 유형 A ┃3월 37번┃

Everything in the world around us ⓐ(was / were) Whose story it is ⓐaffects what the story is. Change In the Old Stone Age, small bands of 20 to 60 Natural processes form minerals in many ways. For
finished in the mind of its creator before it was the main character, and the focus of the story must people (A)(wandered / was wandered) from place to example, hot melted rock material, ⓐcalled magma,
started. The houses we live in, ㉠the cars we drive, also (A)(change / changing). If we ⓑlook at the place in search of food. Once people began cools when it ㉠reaches the Earth’s surface, or even if
and our clothing — all of these (A)(began / ended) events through another character’s eyes, we will ⓐfarming, they could ㉠(roam / settle down) near it’s trapped below the surface. As magma cools, ⓑits
with an idea. Each idea ㉡then studied, refined and ⓒbe interpreted them ㉠(differently / equally). We’ll their farms. As a result, towns and villages grew atoms ㉡lose heat energy, move closer together, and
perfected before the first nail was driven or the first ⓓplace our sympathies with someone ㉡(new / ⓑlarger. Living in communities allowed people (B)(to (A)(begin / beginning) to combine into compounds.
piece of cloth ⓑ(to cut / was cut). Long before the familiar). When the conflict ⓔarises that is the heart organize / organizing) themselves more efficiently. During this process, atoms of the different compounds
idea ㉢was turned into a physical reality, the mind of the story, we will be praying for a ㉢(different / They could ㉡(divide up / combine) the work of arrange ⓒthemselves into orderly, repeating patterns.
had (B)(hardly / clearly) pictured the ㉣finished similar) outcome. Consider, for example, how the tale producing food and other things they ⓒwere needed. The type and amount of elements (B)(present / are
product. The human being designs his or her own of Cinderella would shift if (B)(told / telling) from the While some workers grew crops, others built new present) in a magma partly determine which minerals
future through much the same process. We begin viewpoint of an evil stepsister. Gone with the Wind is houses and (C)(making / made) tools. Village dwellers will form. Also, the ㉢shape of the crystals that form
with an idea about how the future will be. Over a Scarlett O’Hara’s story, but what if we (C)(showed / also learned ⓓto work together to do a task faster. depends partly on how (C)(rapid / rapidly) the magma
period of time we refine and ㉤perfect the vision. were shown) the same events from the viewpoint of For example, toolmakers could share the work of cools. When magma cools slowly, the crystals that
Before long, our every thought, decision and activity Rhett Butler or Melanie Wilkes? ⓔmaking stone axes and knives. By working form ⓓare generally large enough to see with the
are all working in harmony to bring into existence *sympathy: 공감 ㉢(together / individually), they could make more unaided eye. This is because the atoms have
ⓒ(which / what) we have (C)(mentally / physically) tools in the same amount of time. ㉣enough time to move together and form into larger
concluded about the future. 53. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 어법상 어색한 것은?53) *dweller: 거주자 crystals. When magma ⓔwill cool rapidly, the crystals
*refine: 다듬다 that form will be ㉤small. In such cases, you can’t
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
56. 위 글의 괄호 (A), (B), (C)에서 어법상 알맞은 말로 easily see individual mineral crystals.
50. 위 글의 괄호 ⓐ, ⓑ, ⓒ에서 어법상 알맞은 말로 바 바르게 연결된 것은?56) *compound: 화합물
르게 연결된 것은?50) (A) (B) (C)
ⓐ ⓑ ⓒ ① wandered organizing making 59. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 어법상 어색한 것은?59)
① was to cut what ② wandered to organize made ① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
54. 위 글의 괄호 (A), (B), (C)에서 어법상 알맞은 말로
② were was cut what 바르게 연결된 것은?54) ③ was wandered organizing made
③ was was cut what ④ wandered to organize making
(A) (B) (C)
④ was was cut which ⑤ was wandered to organize made
① change told showed
⑤ were to cut which
② change telling were shown
③ changing told were shown 60. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ㉠~㉤ 중, 흐름상 어색한 것은?60)
④ change told were shown ① ㉠ ② ㉡ ③ ㉢ ④ ㉣ ⑤ ㉤
⑤ changing telling showed
51. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ㉠~㉤ 중, 어법상 어색한 것은?51) 57. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 어법상 어색한 것은?57)
① ㉠ ② ㉡ ③ ㉢ ④ ㉣ ⑤ ㉤ ① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ

61. 위 글의 괄호 (A), (B), (C)에서 어법상 알맞은 말로

55. 위 글의 괄호 ㉠, ㉡, ㉢에서 흐름상 알맞은 말로 바 바르게 연결된 것은?61)
52. 위 글의 괄호 (A), (B), (C)에서 흐름상 알맞은 말로 르게 연결된 것은?55) (A) (B) (C)
바르게 연결된 것은?52) ㉠ ㉡ ㉢ 58. 위 글의 괄호 ㉠, ㉡, ㉢에서 흐름상 알맞은 말로 바 ① begin present rapidly
(A) (B) (C) ① differently familiar different 르게 연결된 것은?58) ② beginning are present rapidly
① began clearly physically ② equally new different ㉠ ㉡ ㉢ ③ begin present rapid
② ended hardly physically ③ differently new different ① roam combine individually ④ beginning present rapidly
③ ended clearly mentally ④ equally familiar similar ② settle down divide up individually ⑤ begin are present rapid
④ began hardly physically ⑤ differently new similar ③ roam divide up together
⑤ began clearly mentally ④ settle down combine together
⑤ settle down divide up together

- 10 - - 11 -
 예상문제 고1 예상문제 고1
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅰ 2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅰ
유형 A 유형 A

유형 A ┃3월 38번┃ 유형 A ┃3월 39번┃ 유형 A ┃3월 40번┃

All carbohydrates are basically sugars. Complex People commonly make the mistaken assumption To help ⓐdecide what’s risky and what’s safe, who’s
carbohydrates are the good carbohydrates for your that ⓐbecause a person has one type of characteristic, ⓑtrustworthy and who’s not, we look for social
body. These complex sugar compounds are very then they automatically have other characteristics evidence. From an evolutionary view, following the
(A)(easy / difficult) to break down and can trap other which (A)(conflict / go) with it. In one study, group (A)(is / are) almost always ㉠(negative /
nutrients ⓐlike vitamins and minerals in their chains. university students ⓑwere given descriptions of a positive) for our prospects of survival. “If everyone’s
As ㉠they slowly break down, the other nutrients are guest lecturer before he spoke to the group. Half the ⓒdoing it, it must be a sensible thing to do,”
also released into your body, and can provide you students received a description (B)(containing / explains famous psychologist and best selling writer
with (B)(fuel / waste) for a number of hours. Bad contained) the word ‘warm’, the other half ⓒwere of Influence, Robert Cialdini. While we can frequently
carbohydrates, on the other hand, ⓑare simple told the speaker was ‘cold’. The guest lecturer then see this today in product reviews, even subtler cues
sugars. Because ㉡their structure is not complex, led a discussion, after which the students were asked within the environment can signal ㉡(trustworthiness /
㉢they are easy to break down and (C)(release / hold) (C)(giving / to give) their impressions of him. As untrustworthiness). Consider this: when you visit a
ⓒlittle nutrients for your body other than the sugars expected, there were large (D)(similarities / differences) local restaurant, are they busy? ⓓAre there a line
from which ㉣they are made. Your body breaks down between the impressions (E)(forming / formed) by the outside or is it easy ⓔto find a seat? (B)(It / This) is
these carbohydrates ⓓrather quickly and what ㉤it students, depending upon their original information of a hassle to wait, but a line can be a powerful cue
cannot use ⓔis converted to fat and stored in the the lecturer. ⓓIt was also found that those students (C)(which / that) the food’s tasty, and these seats are
body. who expected the lecturer to be (F)(cold / warm) in demand. More often than not, it’s ㉢(good /
* carbohydrate: 탄수화물 ** convert: 바꾸다 tended to interact with him more. This shows that unwise) to adopt the practices of those around you.
different expectations not only affect the impressions *subtle: 미묘한 **hassle: 성가신 일
62. 위 글의 괄호 (A), (B), (C)에서 흐름상 알맞은 말로 we form but also our behaviour and the relationship
바르게 연결된 것은?62) which ⓔare formed. 68. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 어법상 어색한 것은?68)
(A) (B) (C) ① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
① easy waste release 65. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 어법상 어색한 것은?65)
② difficult fuel hold ① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
③ difficult waste hold
④ difficult fuel release
69. 위 글의 괄호 (A), (B), (C)에서 어법상 알맞은 말로
⑤ easy fuel hold 바르게 연결된 것은?69)
66. 위 글의 괄호 (A), (D), (F)에서 흐름상 알맞은 말로 (A) (B) (C)
바르게 연결된 것은?66) ① is It that
(A) (D) (F) ② are This which
① conflict similarities cold ③ is It which
63. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 어법상 어색한 것은?63) ② go differences warm ④ are It that
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ ③ conflict differences cold ⑤ is This that
④ go differences warm
⑤ go similarities warm

70. 위 글의 괄호 ㉠, ㉡, ㉢에서 흐름상 알맞은 말로 바

64. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ㉠~㉤이 가리키는 것으로 알맞게 연 르게 연결된 것은?70)
결되지 않은 것은?64) 67. 위 글의 괄호 (B), (C), (E)에서 어법상 알맞은 말로 ㉠ ㉡ ㉢
① ㉠ they: these complex sugar compounds 바르게 연결된 것은?67) ① positive untrustworthiness good
② ㉡ their: bad carbohydrates (B) (C) (E) ② negative untrustworthiness unwise
③ ㉢ they: bad carbohydrates ① containing giving formed ③ negative trustworthiness good
④ ㉣ they: the sugars ② contained giving forming ④ positive trustworthiness good
⑤ ㉤ it: your body ③ containing to give formed ⑤ positive trustworthiness unwise
④ containing to give forming
⑤ contained to give formed

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 예상문제 고1 예상문제 고1
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅰ 2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅰ
유형 A 유형 A

유형 A ┃3월 41~42번┃ 73. 위 글의 밑줄 친 (D)~(H) 중, 흐름상 어색한 것은?73) 유형 A ┃3월 43~45번┃ 77. 위 글의 괄호 (A), (B), (C)에서 어법상 알맞은 말로
바르게 연결된 것은?77)
Chess masters ⓐshown a chess board in the middle ① (D) ② (E) ③ (F) ④ (G) ⑤ (H) Once upon a time, there was a king who lived in a
(A) (B) (C)
of a game for 5 seconds with 20 to 30 pieces still in beautiful palace. While the king was away, a monster
play can immediately reproduce the position of the approached the gates of the palace. The monster was ① more angrily took happened
pieces from memory. Beginners, of course, are able to so ugly and smelly ⓐthat the guards froze in shock. ② angrier taking happened
place only ⓑa few. Now ⓒto take the same pieces He passed the guards and sat on the king’s throne. ③ angrier taking happening
and place them on the board randomly and the The guards soon came to their senses, went in, and ④ angrier took happening
74. 위 글의 괄호 ⓕ, ⓖ, ⓗ에서 어법상 알맞은 말로 바
difference is much (A)(reduced / increased). The 르게 연결된 것은?74) shouted at the monster, ⓑdemanded that he get off ⑤ more angrily taking happened
expert’s advantage is only for (B)(familiar / unfamiliar) ⓕ ⓖ ⓗ the throne.
patterns — those previously ⓓstored in memory. ① been observed longer making With each ㉠(bad / nice) word the guards used, the
ⓔFaced with unfamiliar patterns, even when it monster grew more ugly and smelly. The guards got
② observed long made
involves the same familiar domain, the expert’s even (A)(angrier / more angrily) — they began to
③ been observed longer made
advantage (C)(appears / disappears). brandish their swords to scare the monster away
④ been observed long making
The (D)beneficial effects of familiar structure on from the palace. But he just grew bigger and bigger,
⑤ observed longer made
memory have ⓕ(observed / been observed) for many eventually (B)(took / taking) up the whole room. He
types of expertise, including music. People with grew more ugly and smelly than ever.
musical training can reproduce short sequences of Eventually the king returned. He was wise and kind
musical notation more (E)inaccurately than those with and saw what was (C)(happened / happening). He
no musical training when notes follow conventional knew what ⓒto do. He smiled and said to the
sequences, but the advantage is much reduced when monster, “Welcome to my palace!” He asked the
the notes are ordered randomly. Expertise also monster if he wanted a cup of coffee. The monster
(F)improves memory for sequences of movements. began to grow smaller as he drank the coffee.
Experienced ballet dancers are able to repeat ⓖ(long The king offered him some take-out pizza and fries.
/ longer) sequences of steps than less experienced The guards immediately called for pizza. The monster
dancers, and they can repeat a sequence of steps continued ⓓto get smaller with the king’s kind
ⓗ(made / making) up a routine (G)better than steps gestures. He then offered the monster a full body
ordered randomly. In each case, memory range is massage. As the guards helped with the relaxing
increased by the ability to recognize (H)familiar massage, the monster became ㉡(tiny / huge). With
sequences and patterns. another ⓔact of kindness to the monster, he just
*expertise: 전문 지식 **sequence: 연속, 순서 ㉢(appeared / disappeared).
***musical notation: 악보 *throne: 왕좌 **brandish: 휘두르다

71. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 어법상 어색한 것은?71) 75. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 어법상 어색한 것은?75)
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ ① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ

76. 위 글의 괄호 ㉠, ㉡, ㉢에서 흐름상 알맞은 말로 바

72. 위 글의 괄호 (A), (B), (C)에서 흐름상 알맞은 말로 르게 연결된 것은?76)
바르게 연결된 것은?72)
㉠ ㉡ ㉢
(A) (B) (C) ① bad huge disappeared
① reduced unfamiliar disappears ② nice huge appeared
② reduced familiar disappears ③ nice tiny disappeared
③ increased unfamiliar appears ④ bad tiny appeared
④ increased familiar disappears ⑤ bad tiny disappeared
⑤ reduced familiar appears

- 14 - - 15 -
 예상문제 고1 예상문제 고1
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅱ 2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅱ
유형 B 유형 B

B (어법·어휘Ⅱ) 유형 B ┃3월 19번┃ 유형 B ┃3월 20번┃ 유형 B ┃3월 21번┃

On a two­week trip in the Rocky Mountains, I saw It is difficult for any of us ⓐto maintain a If we (A)adopt technology, we need ⓐto pay its
유형 B ┃3월 18번┃ a grizzly bear in (A)its native ⓐhabitat. At first, I felt ㉠constant level of attention throughout our working costs. Thousands of traditional livelihoods ⓑhave
ⓑdelight as I watched the bear ㉠(walking / to walk) day. We all have body rhythms that (A)(characterised been (B)pushed aside by progress, and the lifestyles
To whom it may concern,
across the land. He stopped every once in a while / are characterised) by peaks and valleys of energy around those jobs removed. Hundreds of millions of
I am a ⓐresident of the Blue Sky Apartment.
(B)to turn his head ⓒaround, ㉡(sniffing / and and alertness. You will achieve ㉡less, and ⓑfeel humans today ㉠(work / working) at jobs ⓒwhat they
Recently I observed that the kid zone is in need of
sniffing) deeply. He was (C)following the scent of confident as a benefit, ⓒif you schedule your most hate, producing things ㉡(what / that) they have no
ⓑrepairs. I want you (A)(paying / to pay) attention to
something, and slowly I began (D)to realize that this ㉢demanding tasks at times (B)(which / at which) you love for. Sometimes these jobs ⓓcause physical pain,
the ㉠(bad / good) condition of the playground
giant animal was smelling me! I was ⓓrelieved. No are best able to cope with them. If you haven’t disability, or chronic disease. Technology (C)reduces
equipment in the zone. The swings are ㉡(undamaged
longer ㉢(this was / was this) an amazing experience; thought about energy peaks before, take a few days many new jobs ㉢(which / where) are certainly
/ damaged), the paint is falling off, and some of the
it was now an issue of ⓔsurvival. The bear’s ⓕapathy (C)(observe / to observe) ⓓyourself. Try to ㉣neglect ⓔdangerously. At the same time, mass education and
bolts on the slide (B)(is / are) ⓒmissing. The
was ㉣(to find / found) meat (E)to eat, and I was the times ⓔwhen you are at your best. We are all media train humans to ⓕavoid low-tech physical
ⓓfacilities have been in this terrible condition since
ⓖobviously on his menu. different. For some, the peak will come first thing in work, to seek jobs ㉣(work / working) in the digital
we moved here. They are ⓔsuited to the children
*scent: 냄새 the morning, but for (D)(others / the others) it may world. The (D)divorce of the hands from the head
who (C)(playing / play) there. Would you please have
take a while to ㉤warm up. ⓖputting a stress on the human mind. Indeed, the
them (D)(repairing / repaired)? I would appreciate
81. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓖ 중, 흐름상 어색한 것을 모두 *alertness: 기민함 sedentary nature of the (E)low-paying jobs ⓗis a
your ⓕprompt attention to ㉢(address / ignore) this
고르면?81) health risk ─ for body and mind.
matter.
84. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ㉠~㉤ 중, 흐름상 어색한 것을 모두 *chronic: 만성의 **sedentary: 주로 앉아서 하는
Yours sincerely, ① ⓐ, ⓖ ② ⓑ, ⓓ ③ ⓓ, ⓕ
Nina Davis ④ ⓒ, ⓔ, ⓕ ⑤ ⓓ, ⓕ, ⓖ 고르면?84)
① ㉠ ② ㉡ ③ ㉢ ④ ㉣ ⑤ ㉤ 87. 위 글의 밑줄 친 (A)~(E) 중, 흐름상 어색한 것을 모
두 고르면?87)
78. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓕ 중, 흐름상 어색한 것의 개수
는?78) 82. 위 글의 괄호 ㉠~㉣에서 어법상 알맞은 말로 바르게 ① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)

① 1개 ② 2개 ③ 4개 ④ 5개 ⑤ 6개 연결된 것은?82)
㉠ ㉡ ㉢ ㉣ 85. 위 글의 괄호 (A)~(D)에서 어법상 알맞은 말로 바르
① walking and sniffing was this found 게 연결된 것은?85)
② walking sniffing was this to found (A) (B) (C) (D)
③ walking sniffing this was to found ① are characterised which to observe others 88. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓗ 중, 어법상 어색한 것끼리 짝
79. 위 글의 괄호 (A)~(D)에서 어법상 알맞은 말로 바르
④ to walk and sniffing this was found ② are characterised at which to observe others 지어진 것은?88)
게 연결된 것은?79)
⑤ to walk sniffing was this to fond ③ are characterised at which observe the others ① ⓐ, ⓑ, ⓗ ② ⓐ, ⓓ, ⓕ ③ ⓑ, ⓒ, ⓔ
(A) (B) (C) (D)
④ characterised which observe the others ④ ⓒ, ⓔ, ⓖ ⑤ ⓓ, ⓔ, ⓖ
① to pay is playing repaired
⑤ characterised at which to observe others
② to pay are play repairing
③ paying is playing repairing 83. 위 글의 밑줄 친 (A)~(E)에 대한 설명으로 알맞은 것
④ paying are play repaired 끼리 짝지어진 것은?83)
⑤ to pay are play repaired (A) 앞의 단수명사구 a grizzly bear를 가리키므로 its
가 쓰였다. 86. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ에 대한 설명으로 알맞지 않은 89. 위 글의 괄호 ㉠~㉣에서 어법상 알맞은 말로 바르게
것은?86) 연결된 것은?89)
(B) 동사 stop은 동명사만 목적어로 취하므로 to turn
을 turning으로 바꿔야 한다. ① ⓐ: to maintain 이하는 문장의 진주어로 쓰인 명사 ㉠ ㉡ ㉢ ㉣
80. 위 글의 괄호 ㉠, ㉡, ㉢에서 흐름상 알맞은 말로 바 (C) following은 앞의 was와 수동태를 이루어야 하므 적 용법의 to부정사이다. ① work that which working
르게 연결된 것은?80) ② ⓑ: feel은 조동사 will 뒤에 나온 동사원형 achieve ② work that where work
로 과거분사인 followed로 바꿔야 한다.
와 병렬을 이룬다. ③ working what which working
㉠ ㉡ ㉢ (D) 동사 began의 목적어로 동명사 realizing으로도 바
③ ⓒ: If는 ‘만약 ~한다면‘의 뜻을 지닌 부사절 접속사 ④ work that which work
① bad damaged address 꿔 쓸 수 있다.
로, 완전한 절을 이끈다. ⑤ working what where working
② good damaged address (E) 앞의 명사 meat를 수식하는 형용사적 용법으로 쓰
④ ⓓ: yourself는 주절의 생략된 주어 you와 동일한
③ bad damaged ignore 였다.
대상을 나타내므로 쓰인 재귀용법의 재귀대명
④ good undamaged address
사이다.
⑤ bad undamaged ignore ① (A), (B) ② (B), (D) ③ (C), (E) ⑤ ⓔ: 의문사 when이 평서문 어순의 절을 이끌어 간
④ (A), (D), (E) ⑤ (B), (C), (E) 접의문문을 이루고 있다.

- 16 - - 17 -
 예상문제 고1 예상문제 고1
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅱ 2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅱ
유형 B 유형 B

유형 B ┃3월 22번┃ 유형 B ┃3월 23번┃ 유형 B ┃3월 24번┃ 유형 B ┃3월 26번┃

(A)(Starting / Started) their college life, students may
approach every course, test, or learning task ⓐthe
same way, using ㉠what we like to call ㉡“the
rubber-stamp approach.” Think about it this way:
Would you wear a tuxedo to a baseball game? A
colorful dress to a funeral? A bathing suit to
(B)(religious / religiously) services? Probably not. You
know there (C)(is / are) ⓑunsuitable dress for
different occasions and settings. Skillful learners know
that “㉢putting on the same clothes” won’t ⓒwork
for every class. They are ⓓadaptable learners. They
have ⓔidentical strategies and know when to use
them. They know that you study for multiple-choice
tests ㉣differently than you study for essay tests. And
not only (D)(do they / they do) know ㉤what to do,
but they also know how to do it.
(A)As the social and ⓐeconomic situation of
countries got better, wage levels and ⓑworking
conditions improved. Gradually people ⓒgave more
㉠time off. At the same time, forms of transport
improved and ⓓthat became faster and ㉡more
expensive to get to places. England’s industrial
㉢revolution led to ⓔmuch of these changes.
Railways, in the nineteenth century, (B)have opened
up now famous seaside resorts ⓕsuch as Blackpool
and Brighton. With the railways (C)came many large
hotels. In Canada, for example, the new
coast-to-coast railway system made ⓖpossibly the
㉣building of such famous hotels (D)________ Banff
Springs and Chateau Lake Louise in the Rockies.
Later, the arrival of air transport ㉤shut down more
of the world and (E)led to tourism growth.
Success can lead you off your ⓐintended path and
into a comfortable rut. If you are good at something
and are well ⓑrewarded for ㉠doing it, you may
want to keep doing it even if you stop (A)(enjoying /
to enjoy) it. The ⓒrisk is that one day you look
around and (B)(realize / realizes) you’re so ㉡deeply
in this comfortable rut that you can no longer see
the sun or breathe fresh air; the sides of the rut
have become so slippery that ㉢it would take an
ⓓenormous effort to climb out; and, effectively,
you’re stuck. And it’s a situation ㉣where many
working people worry they’re in now. The poor
employment market has left them (C)(felt / feeling)
ⓔlocked in (D)(that / what) may be an ⓕinsecure, or
even well-paying — but ultimately ㉤unsatisfying — job.
*rut: 틀에 박힌 생활
Lilian Bland ⓐwas born in Kent, England in 1878.
Unlike most other (A)(girl / girls) at the time she
wore trousers and spent her time ⓑenjoying
㉠adventurous activities like horse riding and hunting.
Lilian ㉡began her career as a sports and wildlife
photographer for British newspapers. In 1910 she
(B)(became / has become) the first woman to
(C)(design / designing), build, and fly her own
airplane. In order to ㉢forbid her to try a ⓒslightly
safer activity, Lilian’s dad bought her a car. Soon
Lilian was a master driver and ended up ⓓto work
as a car dealer. She never went back to flying but
ⓔliving a long and ㉣dull life nonetheless. She
married, moved to Canada, and had a kid. ㉤Eventually,
she moved back to England, and (D)(living / lived)
there for the rest of her life.

90. 위 글의 괄호 (A)~(D)에서 어법상 알맞은 말로 바르 93. 위 글의 밑줄 친 (A)~(E)에 대한 설명으로 알맞지 않 96. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓕ 중, 흐름상 어색한 것의 개수 99. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 어법상 어색한 것을 모두
게 연결된 것은?90) 은 것은?93) 는?96) 고르면?99)
(A) (B) (C) (D) ① (A): As는 ‘~하면서, ~함에 따라’라는 의미로 쓰였다. ① 1개 ② 2개 ③ 3개 ④ 4개 ⑤ 5개 ① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
① Starting religious is do they ② (B): 과거 표현 in the nineteenth century와 함께 쓰
② Starting religious are they do 였으므로 현재완료 have opened up이 아닌 과
③ Starting religiously is do they 거완료 had opened up을 써야 한다.
④ Started religious is do they ③ (C): 전치사구 With the railways가 문두에 쓰이면서
⑤ Started religiously are they do 주어와 동사가 도치되어 ‘came many large
hotels’의 어순으로 쓰인 것은 알맞다. 97. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ㉠~㉤ 중, 어법상 어색한 것을 모두 100. 위 글의 괄호 (A)~(D)에서 어법상 알맞은 말로 바르
91. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 흐름상 어색한 것을 모두 ④ (D): 앞의 such에 상응하는 표현으로 빈칸에는 as를 고르면?97) 게 연결된 것은?100)
고르면?91) 써야 한다.
① ㉠ ② ㉡ ③ ㉢ ④ ㉣ ⑤ ㉤ (A) (B) (C) (D)
⑤ (E): led to는 resulted in으로 바꾸어 쓸 수 있다.
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ ① girl became design living
② girl has become designing lived
92. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ㉠~㉤에 대한 설명으로 알맞은 것끼 ③ girls became designing living
리 짝지어진 것은?92) ④ girls has become design lived
94. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓖ 중, 어법상 알맞은 것끼리 짝 ⑤ girls became design lived
㉠: what은 선행사를 포함하며 ‘~하는 것’의 뜻을 가
지어진 것은?94)
진 관계대명사이다. 98. 위 글의 괄호 (A)~(D)에서 어법상 알맞은 말로 바르
① ⓐ, ⓑ, ⓓ ② ⓐ, ⓑ, ⓕ ③ ⓒ, ⓔ, ⓕ 게 연결된 것은?98)
㉡: “the rubber-stamp approach”는 call의 목적어로
④ ⓒ, ⓔ, ⓖ ⑤ ⓓ, ⓕ, ⓖ
쓰였다. (A) (B) (C) (D)
㉢: Skillful learners와 능동 관계인 현재분사 putting이 ① enjoying realize feeling that
② enjoying realizes felt what
쓰였다.
③ enjoying realize feeling what 101. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ㉠~㉤ 중, 흐름상 어색한 것을 모
㉣: 앞의 명사구 multiple-choice tests를 수식하도록 두 고르면?101)
95. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ㉠~㉤ 중, 흐름상 어색한 것끼리 짝 ④ to enjoy realize feeling what
different로 고쳐야 한다. 지어진 것은?95) ⑤ to enjoy realizes felt that ① ㉠ ② ㉡ ③ ㉢ ④ ㉣ ⑤ ㉤
㉤: know의 목적어로 ‘무엇을 해야 하는지’를 뜻하며
① ㉠, ㉡ ② ㉠, ㉣ ③ ㉡, ㉤
what은 의문사이다. ④ ㉢, ㉤ ⑤ ㉢, ㉣

① ㉠, ㉡ ② ㉠, ㉤ ③ ㉢, ㉣
④ ㉠, ㉢, ㉤ ⑤ ㉡, ㉣, ㉤

- 18 - - 19 -
 예상문제 고1 예상문제 고1
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅱ 2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅱ
유형 B 유형 B

유형 B ┃3월 29번┃ 유형 B ┃3월 30번┃ 유형 B ┃3월 31번┃ 유형 B ┃3월 32번┃

The most ⓐnoticeable human characteristic
(A)projected onto animals ⓑare ㉠that they can talk
in human language. Physically, animal cartoon
characters and toys (B)made from animals ⓒbeing
also most often deformed in such a way as to
㉡_________ humans. This is achieved by ⓓshowing
them with humanlike facial features and deformed
front legs to ㉡_________ human hands. In more recent
ⓔanimated movies the trend has been ㉢to show the
animals in a more “(C)natural” way. However, they still
use their front legs like human hands (for example,
lions can (D)pick up and lift small objects with one
paw), and they still talk with an appropriate facial
expression. A general strategy ㉣that is used to
ⓕmaking the animal characters more emotionally
(E)unappealing, both to children ㉤_________ adults,
ⓖbeing to give them ⓗenlarged and deformed
childlike features.
*deform: 변형하다 **paw: (동물의) 발
The major philosophical shift in the idea of ⓐselling
came when industrial societies became more affluent,
more competitive, and more geographically spread
out during the 1940s and 1950s. This forced business
(A)(develop / to develop) closer ⓑrelations with buyers
and clients, ㉠which in turn made business (B)(realize
/ to realize) that it was not enough (C)(produced / to
produce) a quality product at a reasonable price. In
fact, it was equally essential ㉡to deliver products that
ⓒmanufacturers actually wanted. Henry Ford
(D)(produced / producing) his best-selling T-model
Ford in one color only (black) in 1908, but in modern
societies this was ㉢no longer possible. The
ⓓmodernization of society led to a marketing
revolution that destroyed the view ㉣that ⓔbuyers
would create its own demand. Customers, and the
desire ㉤to meet their diverse and often complex
needs, became the focus of business.
*affluent: 부유한
People ⓐdiffer in how quickly ㉠can they reset their
biological clocks ⓑto overcome jet lag, and the
speed of recovery depends on the (A)(frequency /
direction) of travel. ㉡Generally, it’s easier ⓒ(fly)
westward and lengthen your day than it is ⓒ(fly)
eastward and shorten ㉢them. This east-west
(B)(similarity / difference) in jet lag is sizable enough
to have an impact on the performance of sports
teams. Studies have found ㉣that teams ⓓflying
westward perform significantly (C)(better / worse) than
teams ⓓflying eastward in professional baseball and
college football. A more recent study of more than
46,000 Major League Baseball games found additional
evidence ⓔthat eastward travel is ㉤tougher than
westward travel.
*jet lag: 시차로 인한 피로감
108. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ㉠~㉤ 중, 어법상 어색한 것을 모
두 고르면?108)
If you want the confidence (A)(that / what) comes
from achieving what you set out to do ⓐeach day,
then it’s important to understand how long ⓑare
things going to take. ㉠Over-optimism about what
can be achieved within a certain time frame ⓒis a
problem. So work on it. Make a practice of ㉡ignoring
the amount of time (B)(needs / needed) alongside
items on your ‘things to do’ list, and learn ㉢by
experience when tasks take a greater or lesser time
than expected. (C)(Give / Giving) attention also ⓓto
fitting the task to the available time. ⓔThere is some
tasks that you can only ㉣set about if you ⓕwill have
a significant amount of time available. There is no
point in trying to gear up for ⓖsuch a task when
you have a ㉤long period available. So schedule the
time (D)(when / which) you need for the longer tasks
and put the short tasks into the spare moments in
between.
*gear up: 준비를 갖추다, 대비하다

① ㉠ ② ㉡ ③ ㉢ ④ ㉣ ⑤ ㉤
102. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓗ 중, 어법상 알맞은 것의 개 105. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 흐름상 어색한 것을 모 111. 위 글의 괄호 (A)~(D)에서 어법상 알맞은 말로 바르
수는?102) 두 고르면?105) 게 연결된 것은?111)
① 2개 ② 3개 ③ 4개 ④ 5개 ⑤ 6개 ① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ 109. 위 글의 괄호 (A), (B), (C)에서 흐름상 알맞은 말로 (A) (B) (C) (D)
바르게 연결된 것은?109) ① that needs Give which
② that needed Give when
(A) (B) (C)
106. 위 글의 괄호 (A)~(D)에서 어법상 알맞은 말로 바르 ③ what needs Giving which
① direction difference better
103. 위 글의 밑줄 친 (A)~(E) 중, 흐름상 어색한 것을 모 게 연결된 것은?106) ④ what needed Giving when
② direction similarity worse
두 고르면?103) ⑤ that needed Give which
(A) (B) (C) (D) ③ direction difference worse
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E) ① develop realize produced produced ④ frequency similarity better
② to develop realize to produce producing ⑤ frequency difference better
③ develop to realize produced produced
④ to develop realize to produce produced
104. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ㉠~㉤에 대한 설명으로 알맞지 않 ⑤ to develop to realize produced producing 112. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓖ 중, 어법상 어색한 것의 개
110. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ에 대한 설명으로 알맞은 것
수는?112)
은 것을 모두 고르면?104) 끼리 짝지어진 것은?110)
① 2개 ② 3개 ③ 4개 ④ 5개 ⑤ 6개
① ㉠: 앞에 선행사가 없으므로 목적격 관계대명사 that ⓐ differ는 vary로 바꾸어 쓸 수 있다.
을 선행사를 포함한 관계대명사 what으로 고쳐 107. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ㉠~㉤에 대한 설명으로 알맞지 않 ⓑ to overcome은 목적을 나타내는 부사적 용법의 to
야 한다. 은 것은?107)
부정사이다.
② ㉡: 빈칸에 공통으로 들어갈 말은 resemble이다. ① ㉠: which는 buyers and clients를 선행사로 하는 주 ⓒ 괄호 안에 주어진 동사의 알맞은 형태는 flown이다.
③ ㉢: to show는 목적을 나타내는 부사적 용법의 to 격 관계대명사이며 that으로 바꾸어 쓸 수 있다.
ⓓ flying은 that fly로 바꾸어 쓸 수 있다.
부정사이다. ② ㉡: to deliver는 진주어 자리에 쓰인 명사적 용법의 113. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ㉠~㉤ 중, 흐름상 어색한 것을 모
ⓔ that은 additional evidence를 선행사로 하는 목적 두 고르면?113)
④ ㉣: that은 앞의 A general strategy를 선행사로 하 to부정사이다.
격 관계대명사이다.
는 주격 관계대명사로 쓰였다. ③ ㉢: no longer possible은 not possible anymore로 ① ㉠ ② ㉡ ③ ㉢ ④ ㉣ ⑤ ㉤
⑤ ㉤: ‘A와 B 둘 다’라는 의미로 ‘both A and B’를 사 바꾸어 쓸 수 있다.
① ⓐ, ⓑ ② ⓐ, ⓓ ③ ⓐ, ⓑ, ⓓ
용하므로 빈칸에는 and가 알맞다. ④ ㉣: that은 동격의 접속사로 명사구 the view와 동
④ ⓑ, ⓒ, ⓔ ⑤ ⓒ, ⓓ, ⓔ
격을 이루는 명사절을 이끌고 있다.
⑤ ㉤: to meet은 명사구 the desire를 수식하는 형용
사적 용법의 to부정사이다.

- 20 - - 21 -
 예상문제 고1 예상문제 고1
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅱ 2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅱ
유형 B 유형 B

유형 B ┃3월 33번┃ 유형 B ┃3월 34번┃ 유형 B ┃3월 35번┃ 유형 B ┃3월 36번┃

In Lewis Carroll’s Through the Looking-Glass, the (A)(Nothing / Everything) in the world around us Whose story it is has ⓐnothing to do with ㉠what In the Old Stone Age, small bands of 20 to 60
Red Queen takes Alice on a race through the was finished in the mind of its creator before it the story is. ㉡Change the main character, and the people ⓐwandered from place to place in search of
countryside. They run and they run, but then Alice ⓐwas started. ⓑThe houses we live in, the cars we focus of the story must also change. If we look at food. Once people began ㉠farming, they could settle
(A)(doubts / discovers) that they’re still under the drive, and our clothing — all of these began with an the events through (A)(other / another) character’s down near their farms. As a result, towns and villages
same tree ㉠(where / that) they started from. The idea. Each idea was then studied, ⓒto refine and eyes, we will ⓑinterrupt them differently. We’ll place grew (A)(larger / more largely). (B)(Live / Living) in
Red Queen ⓐexplains Alice: “here, you see, it takes perfect before the first nail ㉠(drove / was driven) or our sympathies with (B)(new someone / someone communities allowed people to organize ㉡them more
all the running ㉡(what / that) you can do, to keep the first piece of cloth was cut. Long before the idea new). When the ⓒconflict arises ㉢that is the heart of ⓑinefficiently. They could (C)(divide / be divided) up
in the same place.” Biologists sometimes use this Red (B)(came out of / was turned into) a physical reality, the story, we will be (C)(prayed / praying) for a the work of producing food and other things ㉢they
Queen Effect to explain an evolutionary principle. If the mind had clearly ㉡(pictured / picturing) the different outcome. (D)(Consider / Considering), for needed. While some workers grew crops, ㉣others
foxes evolve to ㉢(run / running) (B)(faster / more finished product. The human being ㉢(designs / who example, how the tale of Cinderella would ⓓshift if built new houses and made tools. Village dwellers
slowly) so they can catch more rabbits, then only the designs) his or her own future through ⓓmuch the ㉣told from the viewpoint of an evil stepsister. Gone also learned to (D)(work / working) together to do a
fastest rabbits will live long enough ㉣(making / to same process. We begin with an idea about ⓔhow with the Wind is Scarlett O’Hara’s story, but ㉤what if task ⓒfaster. For example, toolmakers could ⓓshare
make) a new generation of bunnies that ⓑrun even the future will be. Over a period of time we we were shown the ⓔsame events from the the work of making stone axes and knives. By ㉤work
faster — ⓒin which case, of course, only the fastest (C)(polish / abandon) the vision. Before long, our viewpoint of Rhett Butler or Melanie Wilkes? together, they could make ⓔfewer tools in the same
foxes will catch ⓓenough rabbits to (C)(be extinct / every thought, decision and activity are all working in *sympathy: 공감 amount of time.
flourish) and pass on their genes. ⓔDespite they harmony to ㉣(bring / bringing) into existence what *dweller: 거주자
might run, the two species just stay in place. we ⓕhave been mentally concluded about the future. 120. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 흐름상 어색한 것을 모
*refine: 다듬다 두 고르면?120) 123. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 흐름상 어색한 것을 모
114. 위 글의 괄호 (A), (B), (C)에서 흐름상 알맞은 말로 ① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ 두 고르면?123)
바르게 연결된 것은?114) 117. 위 글의 괄호 (A), (B), (C)에서 흐름상 알맞은 말로 ① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
(A) (B) (C) 바르게 연결된 것은?117)
① discovers faster be extinct (A) (B) (C)
② doubts more slowly be extinct ① Nothing was turned into polish 121. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ㉠~㉤에 대한 설명으로 어색한 것
③ doubts faster flourish ② Nothing came out of abandon 끼리 짝지어진 것은?121)
④ discovers faster flourish ③ Everything was turned into polish 124. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ㉠~㉤에 대한 설명으로 알맞지 않
㉠ 간접의문문으로, ‘의문사+주어+동사‘의 어순을 취
⑤ discovers more slowly be extinct ④ Everything was turned into abandon 은 것은?124)
하고 있다.
⑤ Everything came out of polish
㉡ If you change the main character, the focus of ① ㉠: farming은 to farm으로 바꾸어 쓸 수 있다.
the story must also change.로 바꿀 수 있다. ② ㉡: them은 재귀대명사인 themselves로 바꿔야 한다.
㉢ 동사의 목적어절을 이끄는 명사절 접속사이다. ③ ㉢: they 앞에 목적격 관계대명사가 생략되었다.
115. 위 글의 괄호 ㉠~㉣에서 어법상 알맞은 말로 바르게 ④ ㉣: others는 부정대명사 another로 바꿔야 한다.
㉣ 앞에 it were가 생략되어 있다.
연결된 것은?115) 118. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓕ 중, 어법상 어색한 것끼리 ⑤ ㉤: ‘~함으로써’라는 뜻으로 ‘By -ing’를 사용하므로
짝지어진 것은?118) ㉤ 뒤에 it would happen이 생략되어 있다.
㉠ ㉡ ㉢ ㉣ work를 working으로 바꿔야 한다.
① that what run making ① ⓐ, ⓓ ② ⓒ, ⓕ ③ ⓐ, ⓔ, ⓕ
① ㉠, ㉡ ② ㉠, ㉢ ③ ㉡, ㉣
② where that run to make ④ ⓑ, ⓒ, ⓕ ⑤ ⓑ, ⓓ, ⓔ
④ ㉢, ㉤ ⑤ ㉣, ㉤
③ that that run to make
④ that that running making
⑤ where what running to make 125. 위 글의 괄호 (A)~(D)에서 어법상 알맞은 말로 바르
119. 위 글의 괄호 ㉠~㉣에서 어법상 알맞은 말로 바르게 게 연결된 것은?125)
연결된 것은?119) 122. 위 글의 괄호 (A)~(D)에서 어법상 알맞은 말로 바르
게 연결된 것은?122) (A) (B) (C) (D)
㉠ ㉡ ㉢ ㉣ ① larger Live divide working
116. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 어법상 어색한 것을 모 (A) (B) (C) (D)
① was driven pictured designs bring ② more largely Living divide work
두 고르면?116) ① another new someone praying Considering
② drove picturing who designs bring ③ larger Living divide work
② other someone new praying Consider
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ ③ drove pictured designs bring ④ more largely Live be divided work
③ another someone new prayed Considering
④ was driven picturing designs bringing ⑤ larger Living be divided working
④ another someone new praying Consider
⑤ was driven pictured who designs bringing
⑤ other new someone prayed Consider

- 22 - - 23 -
 예상문제 고1 예상문제 고1
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅱ 2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅱ
유형 B 유형 B

유형 B ┃3월 37번┃ 유형 B ┃3월 38번┃ 유형 B ┃3월 39번┃ 유형 B ┃3월 40번┃

Natural processes form minerals in many ways. For All carbohydrates are basically sugars. Complex People (A)common make the mistaken assumption To help (A)decide what’s risky and what’s safe,
example, hot melted rock material, ⓐcalled magma, carbohydrates are the ⓐgood carbohydrates for your ⓐwhich because a person has one type of who’s trustworthy and who’s not, we look for ⓐsocial
cools when it reaches the Earth’s surface, or ⓑeven if body. These complex sugar compounds are very characteristic, then they ㉠automatically have other evidence. From an evolutionary view, ⓑavoiding the
it ㉠trapped below the surface. As magma cools, its difficult ㉠to break down and can ⓑexpel other characteristics ⓑthat go with it. In one study, group is almost always positive for our prospects of
atoms lose heat energy, ⓒmove closer together, and ㉡nutrients like vitamins and minerals in their chains. university students were given descriptions of a guest survival. “If everyone ㉠(is / are) doing it, it (B)must
begin to (A)(break down / combine into) compounds. As they ⓒslowly break down, the other nutrients are lecturer before he spoke to the group. Half the be a ⓒsilly thing to (C)doing,” ㉡(explain / explains)
㉡While this process, atoms of the different compounds also (A)(releasing / released) into your body, and can students were received a description ㉡excluding the famous psychologist and best selling writer of
arrange themselves into (B)(orderly / irregular), provide you with fuel for ㉢a number of hours. Bad word ‘warm’, (B)another half were told ⓒwhat the Influence, Robert Cialdini. While we can frequently see
repeating patterns. The type and amount of elements carbohydrates, on the other hand, are simple sugars. speaker was ‘cold’. The guest lecturer then led a this today in product reviews, ㉢(very / even) subtler
present in a magma partly determine ⓓwhich ㉣Because of their structure is not complex, they are discussion, (C)which the students were asked to give cues within the environment can signal
minerals will form. Also, the size of the crystals that easy to ⓓremain and (B)(hold / held) few nutrients their impressions of him. As expected, there were trustworthiness. ㉣(Consider / To consider) this: when
form ㉢depending partly on how rapidly the magma for your body ㉤other than the sugars (C)(which / ㉢few differences between the impressions ⓓthat you visit a local restaurant, are they busy? Is there a
cools. When magma cools slowly, the crystals that from which) they are made. Your body breaks down were formed by the students, ㉣depending upon their line outside or is it easy to find a seat? It is a hassle
form are generally ⓔlarge enough to see with the these carbohydrates rather ⓔquickly and (D)(that / original information of the lecturer. It was also found (D)to wait, but a line can be a powerful cue (E)that
unaided eye. This is ㉣because the atoms have what) it cannot use is converted to fat and ㉥is ⓔthat those students who expected the lecturer to the food’s tasty, and these seats are ⓓin demand.
enough time to (C)(separate / move together) and stored in the body. be warm tended to ㉤disagree with him more. This More often than not, it’s good to ⓔadopt the
form into larger crystals. When magma cools rapidly, * carbohydrate: 탄수화물 ** convert: 바꾸다 shows that different expectations not only (D)affecting practices of those around you.
the crystals ㉤which form will be small. In ㉥such the impressions we form but also our behaviour and *subtle: 미묘한 **hassle: 성가신 일
cases, you can’t easily see individual mineral crystals. 129. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 흐름상 어색한 것을 모 the relationship which (E)forming.
*compound: 화합물 두 고르면?129) 135. 위 글의 밑줄 친 (A)~(E)에 대한 설명으로 어색한
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ 132. 위 글의 밑줄 친 (A)~(E) 중, 어법상 어색한 부분을 것끼리 짝지어진 것은?135)
126. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ에 대한 설명으로 알맞지 않 알맞게 고치지 않은 것을 모두 고르면?132) (A) deciding으로 바꾸어 쓸 수 있다.
은 것은?126) ① (A): common → commonly (B) ‘~임이 분명하다’라는 뜻의 강한 긍정적인 추측을
① ⓐ: 앞에 which is가 생략된 것으로 볼 수 있다. ② (B): another → the other 나타내는 조동사로 쓰였다.
② ⓑ: 접속사 when이 이끄는 절과 등위 접속사 or로 병 ③ (C): which → after that (C) do로 고쳐야 어법상 알맞다.
렬 구조를 이루는 부사절을 이끄는 접속사이다. 130. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ㉠~㉥ 중, 어법상 어색한 것의 개 ④ (D): affecting → affects (D) 형용사적 용법의 to부정사로, 앞의 a hassle을 수
③ ⓒ: 동사 move 앞에 접속사가 없으므로 분사구문을 수는?130) ⑤ (E): forming → is formed
식한다.
이루도록 현재분사 moving으로 고쳐야 한다.
① 1개 ② 2개 ③ 3개 ④ 4개 ⑤ 5개 (E) 동격의 접속사 that으로, 앞의 a powerful cue를
④ ⓓ: which는 동사 determine의 목적어인 간접의문문
부연 설명하는 완전한 절을 이끈다.
을 이끄는 의문사이다.
⑤ ⓔ: ‘볼 만큼 충분히 큰’이라는 뜻으로 부사 enough
① (A), (D) ② (A), (E) ③ (B), (C)
가 형용사 large를 뒤에서 수식한다. 133. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 어법상 어색한 것끼리
④ (C), (E) ⑤ (D), (E)
짝지어진 것은?133)
131. 위 글의 괄호 (A)~(D)에서 어법상 알맞은 말로 바르
게 연결된 것은?131) ① ⓐ, ⓑ ② ⓐ, ⓒ ③ ⓑ, ⓒ
127. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ㉠~㉥ 중, 어법상 어색한 것의 개 136. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 흐름상 어색한 것을 모
④ ⓑ, ⓔ ⑤ ⓒ, ⓔ
(A) (B) (C) (D) 두 고르면?136)
수는?127)
① released held from which that ① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
① 1개 ② 2개 ③ 3개 ④ 4개 ⑤ 5개
② releasing held which what
③ released hold which that
137. 위 글의 괄호 ㉠~㉣에서 어법상 알맞은 말로 바르게
④ releasing hold from which what 연결된 것은?137)
128. 위 글의 괄호 (A), (B), (C)에서 흐름상 알맞은 말로 ⑤ released hold from which what 134. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ㉠~㉤ 중, 흐름상 어색한 것을 모
바르게 연결된 것은?128) 두 고르면?134) ㉠ ㉡ ㉢ ㉣
① is explains very To consider
(A) (B) (C) ① ㉠ ② ㉡ ③ ㉢ ④ ㉣ ⑤ ㉤
② is explain even To consider
① break down irregular separate
③ are explain very Consider
② break down orderly move together
④ are explains even Consider
③ combine into irregular move together
⑤ is explains even Consider
④ combine into orderly move together
⑤ combine into orderly separate

- 24 - - 25 -
 예상문제 고1 예상문제 고1
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅱ 2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅱ
유형 B 유형 B

유형 B ┃3월 41~42번┃
Chess masters (A)showing a chess board in the
middle of a game for 5 seconds with 20 to 30 pieces
still in play can immediately reproduce the position of
the pieces from memory. Beginners, of course, are
able to place only a few. Now take the same pieces
and place them on the board ⓐrandomly and the
difference is much reduced. The expert’s advantage is
only for familiar patterns — those previously ㉠(stored
/ storing) in memory. Faced with ⓑfamiliar patterns,
even when it involves the same familiar domain, the
expert’s advantage (B)is disappeared.
The beneficial effects of familiar structure on
memory (C)has observed for many types of expertise,
ⓒexcluding music. People with musical training can
reproduce short sequences of musical notation more
㉡(accurate / accurately) than those with no musical
training when notes follow ⓓconventional sequences,
but the advantage is much reduced when the notes
㉢(order / are ordered) randomly. Expertise also
improves memory for sequences of movements.
Experienced ballet dancers are able to repeat
ⓔshorter sequences of steps than less experienced
dancers, and they can repeat a sequence of steps
(D)make up a ⓕroutine better than steps ㉣(ordering
/ ordered) randomly. In (E)each cases, memory range
is increased by the ability to recognize familiar
sequences and patterns.
*expertise: 전문 지식 **sequence: 연속, 순서
***musical notation: 악보
140. 위 글의 괄호 ㉠~㉣에서 어법상 알맞은 말로 바르게 유형 B ┃3월 43~45번┃ 143. 위 글의 밑줄 친 (A)~(E)에 대한 설명으로 알맞지
연결된 것은?140) 않은 것은?143)
Once upon a time, there ⓐwas a king who lived in
㉠ ㉡ ㉢ ㉣ ① (A): 과거시제로 써야 하므로 got으로 고쳐야 어법
a beautiful palace. While the king was away, a
① stored accurately order ordered monster approached the gates of the palace. The 상 알맞다.
② stored accurate are ordered ordered monster was so ugly and smelly ⓑwhat the guards ② (B): 목적격 관계대명사이므로 생략할 수 있다.
③ storing accurate order ordering froze in ㉠wonder. He passed the guards and sat on ③ (C): 분사구문으로 쓰인 현재분사이다.
④ stored accurately are ordered ordered the king’s throne. The guards soon came to their ④ (D): ‘~인지 (아닌지)‘라는 뜻의 명사절 접속사로 쓰
⑤ storing accurately are ordered ordering senses, went in, and shouted at the monster, 였다.
ⓒdemanded that he (A)get off the throne. ⑤ (E): 자동사이므로 과거시제의 능동태로 쓰인 것은
With each bad word (B)that the guards used, the 어법상 알맞다.
monster grew more ugly and smelly. The guards got
ⓓvery angrier — they began to brandish their swords
to ㉡scare the monster away from the palace. But he
just grew bigger and bigger, eventually (C)taking up
the whole room. He grew more ugly and smelly than
ever.
Eventually the king returned. He was wise and kind
and saw what ⓔwas happening. He knew ⓕwhat to
do. He smiled and said to the monster, “㉢Get out of
my palace!” He asked the monster (D)if he wanted a
cup of coffee. The monster began to grow ㉣smaller
as he drank the coffee.
The king offered him some take-out pizza and fries.
The guards immediately called for pizza. The monster
continued to get smaller with the king’s kind
gestures. He then offered the monster a full body
massage. As the guards helped with the ⓖrelaxing
massage, the monster became tiny. With another act
of ㉤hospitality to the monster, he just (E)disappeared.
*throne: 왕좌 **brandish: 휘두르다

138. 위 글의 밑줄 친 (A)~(E) 중, 어법상 어색한 것을 알 141. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓖ 중, 어법상 어색한 것끼리

맞게 고치지 않은 것은?138) 짝지어진 것은?141)
① (A): showing → shown ① ⓐ, ⓔ, ⓖ ② ⓐ, ⓒ, ⓓ ③ ⓑ, ⓒ, ⓓ
② (B): is disappeared → disappears ④ ⓑ, ⓔ, ⓕ ⑤ ⓑ, ⓓ, ⓖ
③ (C): has observed → has been observed
④ (D): make → making
⑤ (E): each cases → each case

142. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ㉠~㉤ 중, 흐름상 어색한 것을 모

두 고르면?142)
139. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓕ 중, 흐름상 알맞은 것의 개
① ㉠ ② ㉡ ③ ㉢ ④ ㉣ ⑤ ㉤
수는?139)
① 1개 ② 2개 ③ 3개 ④ 4개 ⑤ 5개

- 26 - - 27 -
 예상문제 고1 예상문제 고1
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형 2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C 유형 C

유형 C (독해형) 유형 C ┃3월 19번┃ 유형 C ┃3월 21번┃ 유형 C ┃3월 22번┃

145. 다음 글의 분위기로 알맞은 것은?145) 147. 다음 글의 주제로 알맞은 것은?147) 148. 다음 글의 제목으로 알맞은 것은?148)
독해 유형 순서
On a two­week trip in the Rocky Mountains, I saw If we adopt technology, we need to pay its costs. When students are starting their college life, they
대의 파악

a grizzly bear in its native habitat. At first, I felt joy Thousands of traditional livelihoods have been pushed may approach every course, test, or learning task the
세부 정보 파악 as I watched the bear walk across the land. He aside by progress, and the lifestyles around those same way, using what we like to call “the
 stopped every once in a while to turn his head jobs removed. Hundreds of millions of humans today rubber-stamp approach.” Think about it this way:
빈칸 추론 (1) (연결어, 짧은 어구)
about, sniffing deeply. He was following the scent of work at jobs they hate, producing things they have Would you wear a tuxedo to a baseball game? A

빈칸 추론 (2) (긴 어구, 문장) something, and slowly I began to realize that this no love for. Sometimes these jobs cause physical colorful dress to a funeral? A bathing suit to religious
 giant animal was smelling me! I froze. This was no pain, disability, or chronic disease. Technology creates services? Probably not. You know there’s appropriate
함축 의미 추론
longer a wonderful experience; it was now an issue many new jobs that are certainly dangerous. At the dress for different occasions and settings. Skillful

무관한 문장 파악
of survival. The bear’s motivation was to find meat to same time, mass education and media train humans learners know that “putting on the same clothes”
 eat, and I was clearly on his menu. to avoid low-tech physical work, to seek jobs working won’t work for every class. They are flexible learners.
글의 순서 파악 *scent: 냄새 in the digital world. The divorce of the hands from They have different strategies and know when to use
 the head puts a stress on the human mind. Indeed, them. They know that you study for multiple-choice
문장 삽입
① dull ② solemn ③ urgent the sedentary nature of the best-paying jobs is a tests differently than you study for essay tests. And

요약문 완성 ④ moving ⑤ mysterious health risk — for body and mind. they not only know what to do, but they also know
*chronic: 만성의 **sedentary: 주로 앉아서 하는 how to do it.
*원문에 따라 일부 유형은 출제에서 제외될 수 있습니다.
*대의파악 유형(목적/심경·분위기/주장·의견/주제·제목/요지)
① chronic diseases related to modern lifestyles ① What to Expect in College Life
② influence of technology introduction on human as ② Secrets of Good Scores in Tests
대의 파악 a worker ③ Be Flexible to be Successful Learner
③ relationship between advanced technology and ④ Special Strategies for College Essays
digital literacy ⑤ Similarities in Fashion Designers and College
유형 C ┃3월 20번┃
유형 C ┃3월 18번┃ ④ health risks that workers with physical labor are Students
146. 다음 글의 제목으로 알맞은 것은?146) dealing with
144. 다음 글의 주제로 알맞은 것은?144)
⑤ salary differences between best and worst-paying
It is difficult for any of us to maintain a constant
To whom it may concern, jobs in the digital world
level of attention throughout our working day. We all
I am a resident of the Blue Sky Apartment. Recently
have body rhythms characterised by peaks and valleys
I observed that the kid zone is in need of repairs. I
of energy and alertness. You will achieve more, and
want you to pay attention to the poor condition of
feel confident as a benefit, if you schedule your most
the playground equipment in the zone. The swings
demanding tasks at times when you are best able to
are damaged, the paint is falling off, and some of
cope with them. If you haven’t thought about energy
the bolts on the slide are missing. The facilities have
peaks before, take a few days to observe yourself. Try
been in this terrible condition since we moved here.
to note the times when you are at your best. We are
They are dangerous to the children playing there.
all different. For some, the peak will come first thing
Would you please have them repaired? I would
in the morning, but for others it may take a while to
appreciate your immediate attention to solve this
warm up.
matter.
*alertness: 기민함
Yours sincerely,
Nina Davis
① Healthy Body, Healthy Mind
② Characteristics of Confident People
① a request for removing the old playground
③ Find When Your Energy Is at a Peak
② an introduction to some playground safety tips
④ Several Factors That Cause Mood Swings
③ a request for repairing the facilities in the
⑤ How Does Cumulative Stress Affect Concentration?
playground
④ a protest against the poor construction of the
apartment
⑤ a protest against the unreasonable apartment
maintenance fees

- 28 - - 29 -
 예상문제 고1 예상문제 고1
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형 2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C 유형 C

유형 C ┃3월 23번┃ 유형 C ┃3월 24번┃ 유형 C ┃3월 26번┃ 유형 C ┃3월 29번┃

149. 다음 글의 제목으로 알맞은 것은?149)
As the social and economic situation of countries
got better, wage levels and working conditions
improved. Gradually people were given more time off.
At the same time, forms of transport improved and it
became faster and cheaper to get to places.
England’s industrial revolution led to many of these
changes. Railways, in the nineteenth century, opened
up now famous seaside resorts such as Blackpool and
Brighton. With the railways came many large hotels.
In Canada, for example, the new coast-to-coast
railway system made possible the building of such
famous hotels as Banff Springs and Chateau Lake
Louise in the Rockies. Later, the arrival of air
transport opened up more of the world and led to
tourism growth.
① How Railways Rise and Fall
② How to Promote Tourist Attractions
③ How to Make Areas Better Accessible
④ What Contributed to Tourism Growth
⑤ What Social and Economic Factors Did for
Industrial Revolution
150. 다음 글의 필자의 주장으로 알맞은 것은?150)
Success can lead you off your intended path and
into a comfortable rut. If you are good at something
and are well rewarded for doing it, you may want to
keep doing it even if you stop enjoying it. The
danger is that one day you look around and realize
you’re so deep in this comfortable rut that you can
no longer see the sun or breathe fresh air; the sides
of the rut have become so slippery that it would
take a superhuman effort to climb out; and,
effectively, you’re stuck. And it’s a situation that many
working people worry they’re in now. The poor
employment market has left them feeling locked in
what may be a secure, or even well-paying — but
ultimately unsatisfying — job.
*rut: 틀에 박힌 생활
① 성공은 편안한 생활을 위한 필수 과정이다.
② 성공와 실패의 기준은 편안함과 물리적인 보상에
있다.
③ 현재의 상황에서 벗어나기 위하여 끊임없이 노력할
필요가 있다.
④ 직업적 성공이 오히려 궁극적인 불만 상태에 이르
게 할 수 있다.
⑤ 직업적인 성공은 틀에 박힌 생활에서 벗어나 새로
운 삶의 흥분을 느끼게 해 준다.
151. 다음 글의 제목으로 알맞은 것은?151)
Lilian Bland was born in Kent, England in 1878.
Unlike most other girls at the time she wore trousers
and spent her time enjoying adventurous activities
like horse riding and hunting. Lilian began her career
as a sports and wildlife photographer for British
newspapers. In 1910 she became the first woman to
design, build, and fly her own airplane. In order to
persuade her to try a slightly safer activity, Lilian’s
dad bought her a car. Soon Lilian was a master
driver and ended up working as a car dealer. She
never went back to flying but lived a long and
exciting life nonetheless. She married, moved to
Canada, and had a kid. Eventually, she moved back
to England, and lived there for the rest of her life.
① Who Invented the Airplane?
② The First Woman to Become a Car Dealer
③ The Change of Educational System in England
④ A Forerunner of the Movement for Women’s
Equality
⑤ A Pioneer Woman Who Filled the Life With
Excitements
152. 다음 글의 주제로 알맞은 것은?152)
The most noticeable human characteristic projected
onto animals is that they can talk in human
language. Physically, animal cartoon characters and
toys made after animals are also most often
deformed in such a way as to resemble humans. This
is achieved by showing them with humanlike facial
features and deformed front legs to resemble human
hands. In more recent animated movies the trend has
been to show the animals in a more “natural” way.
However, they still use their front legs like human
hands (for example, lions can pick up and lift small
objects with one paw), and they still talk with an
appropriate facial expression. A general strategy that
is used to make the animal characters more
emotionally appealing, both to children and adults, is
to give them enlarged and deformed childlike
features.
*deform: 변형하다 **paw: (동물의) 발
① what animated movies that are popular with both
children and adults have in common
② animated movies that deal with the connection
between humans and animals
③ recent animated movies that show the features of
animals as they are
④ animal characters modified in such a way as to
resemble humans
⑤ animals' understanding of human language and
emotions

- 30 - - 31 -
 예상문제
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
유형 C ┃3월 30번┃
153. 다음 글의 주제로 알맞은 것은?153)
The major philosophical shift in the idea of selling
came when industrial societies became more affluent,
more competitive, and more geographically spread
out during the 1940s and 1950s. This forced business
to develop closer relations with buyers and clients,
which in turn made business realize that it was not
enough to produce a quality product at a reasonable
price. In fact, it was equally essential to deliver
products that customers actually wanted. Henry Ford
produced his best-selling T-model Ford in one color
only (black) in 1908, but in modern societies this was
no longer possible. The modernization of society led
to a marketing revolution that destroyed the view
that production would create its own demand.
Customers, and the desire to meet their diverse and
often complex needs, became the focus of business.
*affluent: 부유한
① a change in car design caused by the marketing
revolution
② companies’ efforts to produce quality products at
reasonable prices
③ business that came to pay attention to customers
and their diverse needs
④ the background of the diversification of customer
needs in modern societies
⑤ the increase in production and demand due to
the modernization of society
- 32 -
고1
독해형
유형 C ┃3월 31번┃
154. 다음 글의 제목으로 알맞은 것은?154)
People differ in how quickly they can reset their
biological clocks to overcome jet lag, and the speed
of recovery depends on the direction of travel.
Generally, it’s easier to fly westward and lengthen
your day than it is to fly eastward and shorten it.
This east-west difference in jet lag is sizable enough
to have an impact on the performance of sports
teams. Studies have found that teams flying westward
perform significantly better than teams flying eastward
in professional baseball and college football. A more
recent study of more than 46,000 Major League
Baseball games found additional evidence that
eastward travel is tougher than westward travel.
*jet lag: 시차로 인한 피로감
① Useful Tips for Overcoming Jet Lag
② The Relative Benefit of Westward Travel
③ How Major League Baseball Players Recover from
Fatigue
④ Effects of Long Distance Travel on Sports
Performance
⑤ Interesting Points for Watching Major League
Baseball
예상문제
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
유형 C ┃3월 32번┃
155. 다음 글의 필자의 의견으로 알맞은 것은?155)
If you want the confidence that comes from
achieving what you set out to do each day, then it’s
important to understand how long things are going
to take. Over-optimism about what can be achieved
within a certain time frame is a problem. So work on
it. Make a practice of estimating the amount of time
needed alongside items on your ‘things to do’ list,
and learn by experience when tasks take a greater or
lesser time than expected. Give attention also to
fitting the task to the available time. There are some
tasks that you can only set about if you have a
significant amount of time available. There is no point
in trying to gear up for such a task when you only
have a short period available. So schedule the time
you need for the longer tasks and put the short
tasks into the spare moments in between.
*gear up: 준비를 갖추다, 대비하다
① You'd better not start the work at all if you can't
finish it.
② You have to allocate time according to the length
of the work.
③ Being punctual is more important than the
completeness of the work.
④ You have to do things that take a little time
before things that take a lot of time.
⑤ People with pessimistic personalities make better
use of their time than people with optimistic
personalities.
- 33 -
고1
독해형
유형 C ┃3월 33번┃
156. 다음 글의 제목으로 알맞은 것은?156)
In Lewis Carroll’s Through the Looking-Glass, the
Red Queen takes Alice on a race through the
countryside. They run and they run, but then Alice
discovers that they’re still under the same tree that
they started from. The Red Queen explains to Alice:
“here, you see, it takes all the running you can do,
to keep in the same place.” Biologists sometimes use
this Red Queen Effect to explain an evolutionary
principle. If foxes evolve to run faster so they can
catch more rabbits, then only the fastest rabbits will
live long enough to make a new generation of
bunnies that run even faster — in which case, of
course, only the fastest foxes will catch enough
rabbits to thrive and pass on their genes. Even
though they might run, the two species just stay in
place.
*thrive: 번성하다
① Life on a Treadmill: Health Implications for People
at Work
② Living in the Moment: Importance of Living within
Your Means
③ How to Win a Comparative Advantage in an
Evolutionary Race
④ Running to No Avail: The Red Queen Effect and
the Evolutionary Deadlock
⑤ Do Not Bother to Win: Life Lessons from
Through the Looking-Glass
 예상문제 고1
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
유형 C ┃3월 34번┃ 유형 C ┃3월 35번┃
157. 다음 글의 제목으로 알맞은 것은?157) 158. 다음 글의 요지로 알맞은 것은?158)
Everything in the world around us was finished in Whose story it is affects what the story is. Change
the mind of its creator before it was started. The the main character, and the focus of the story must
houses we live in, the cars we drive, and our clothing also change. If we look at the events through
— all of these began with an idea. Each idea was another character’s eyes, we will interpret them
then studied, refined and perfected before the first differently. We’ll place our sympathies with someone
nail was driven or the first piece of cloth was cut. new. When the conflict arises that is the heart of the
Long before the idea was turned into a physical story, we will be praying for a different outcome.
reality, the mind had clearly pictured the finished Consider, for example, how the tale of Cinderella
product. The human being designs his or her own would shift if told from the viewpoint of an evil
future through much the same process. We begin stepsister. Gone with the Wind is Scarlett O’Hara’s
with an idea about how the future will be. Over a story, but what if we were shown the same events
period of time we refine and perfect the vision. from the viewpoint of Rhett Butler or Melanie Wilkes?
Before long, our every thought, decision and activity *sympathy: 공감
are all working in harmony to bring into existence
what we have mentally concluded about the future. ① 다양한 관점으로 문학 작품을 감상하는 것이 필요
*refine: 다듬다 하다.
② 동일한 주인공으로도 서술 방식에 따라 다른 이야
① The Cognitive Approach to Human Thinking 기가 될 수 있다.
② A Glimpse at How Humans Make Up Minds ③ 어떤 이야기에서 누구에게 공감할 것인가는 개인의
③ Just Do It: The Importance of Taking Action First 성장배경이 작용한다.
④ The Power of the Human Mind to Complete ④ 사람들을 설득시키기 위한 수단으로 스토리텔링 역
Something Before its Realization 량이 주목을 받고 있다.
⑤ Why People Fail to Make Well-Informed Decisions ⑤ 동일한 이야기라도 주인공이 누가 되느냐에 따라
Amidst the Flood of Information 다르게 받아 들여질 수 있다.
- 34 -
예상문제
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
유형 C ┃3월 36번
159. 다음 글의 제목으로 알맞은 것은?159)
In the Old Stone Age, small bands of 20 to 60
people wandered from place to place in search of
food. Once people began farming, they could settle
down near their farms. As a result, towns and villages
grew larger. Living in communities allowed people to
organize themselves more efficiently. They could
divide up the work of producing food and other
things they needed. While some workers grew crops,
others built new houses and made tools. Village
dwellers also learned to work together to do a task
faster. For example, toolmakers could share the work
of making stone axes and knives. By working
together, they could make more tools in the same
amount of time.
*dweller: 거주자
① The Benefits of Working in a Group
② Tools and Communities in the Old Stone Age
i③ The Old Stone Age: A Journey in Search of Food
④ The Evolution of Toolmaking in Prehistoric Villages
⑤ The Influence of Agriculture on Division of Labor
in Early Human Communities
- 35 -
고1
독해형
유형 C ┃3월 37번┃
160. 다음 글의 제목으로 알맞은 것은?160)
Natural processes form minerals in many ways. For
example, hot melted rock material, called magma,
cools when it reaches the Earth’s surface, or even if
it’s trapped below the surface. As magma cools, its
atoms lose heat energy, move closer together, and
begin to combine into compounds. During this
process, atoms of the different compounds arrange
themselves into orderly, repeating patterns. The type
and amount of elements present in a magma partly
determine which minerals will form. Also, the size of
the crystals that form depends partly on how rapidly
the magma cools. When magma cools slowly, the
crystals that form are generally large enough to see
with the unaided eye. This is because the atoms have
enough time to move together and form into larger
crystals. When magma cools rapidly, the crystals that
form will be small. In such cases, you can’t easily see
individual mineral crystals.
*compound: 화합물
① The Geological Makeup of Earth’s Crust
② How Minerals Can Turn Back Into Magma
③ Uncovering the Secrets of Crystal Growth in
Magma
④ From Magma to Minerals: How Cooling Processes
Shape the Minerals
⑤ Effects of Magma on the Environment: A Deep
Dive into Mineral Formation and Sustainability
 예상문제
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
유형 C ┃3월 38번┃
161. 다음 글의 주제로 알맞은 것은?161)
All carbohydrates are basically sugars. Complex
carbohydrates are the good carbohydrates for your
body. These complex sugar compounds are very
difficult to break down and can trap other nutrients
like vitamins and minerals in their chains. As they
slowly break down, the other nutrients are also
released into your body, and can provide you with
fuel for a number of hours. Bad carbohydrates, on
the other hand, are simple sugars. Because their
structure is not complex, they are easy to break
down and hold few nutrients for your body other
than the sugars from which they are made. Your
body breaks down these carbohydrates rather quickly
and what it cannot use is converted to fat and
stored in the body.
*carbohydrate: 탄수화물 **convert: 바꾸다
① eating healthy and balanced diet
② pro and cons of carbohydrate intake
③ staying away from simple carbohydrates
④ sources of good carbohydrates and bad ones
⑤ how good and bad carbohydrates work in the
body
- 36 -
고1
독해형
유형 C ┃3월 39번┃
162. 다음 글의 요지로 알맞은 것은?162)
People commonly make the mistaken assumption
that because a person has one type of characteristic,
then they automatically have other characteristics
which go with it. In one study, university students
were given descriptions of a guest lecturer before he
spoke to the group. Half the students received a
description containing the word ‘warm’, the other half
were told the speaker was ‘cold’. The guest lecturer
then led a discussion, after which the students were
asked to give their impressions of him. As expected,
there were large differences between the impressions
formed by the students, depending upon their
original information of the lecturer. It was also found
that those students who expected the lecturer to be
warm tended to interact with him more. This shows
that different expectations not only affect the
impressions we form but also our behaviour and the
relationship which is formed.
① 우리는 의식적 정보와 무의식적 정보를 차별화해야
한다.
② 우리는 정보를 찾는 방법을 다변화해야한다.
③ 이전의 정보가 우리의 인식과 행동 그리고 형성되
는 관계에 영향을 미친다.
④ 우리는 세부적인 정보에 근거한 의사결정이 항상
이성적이라고 생각한다.
⑤ 다른 사람에게 들은 정보보다 자신이 직접 수집한 정
보의 영향력이 더 크다.
예상문제
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
유형 C ┃3월 40번┃
163. 다음 글의 제목으로 알맞은 것은?163)
To help decide what’s risky and what’s safe, who’s
trustworthy and who’s not, we look for social
evidence. From an evolutionary view, following the
group is almost always positive for our prospects of
survival. “If everyone’s doing it, it must be a sensible
thing to do,” explains famous psychologist and best
selling writer of Influence, Robert Cialdini. While we
can frequently see this today in product reviews, even
subtler cues within the environment can signal
trustworthiness. Consider this: when you visit a local
restaurant, are they busy? Is there a line outside or is
it easy to find a seat? It is a hassle to wait, but a
line can be a powerful cue that the food’s tasty, and
these seats are in demand. More often than not, it’s
good to adopt the practices of those around you.
*subtle: 미묘한 **hassle: 성가신 일
① Why Can Social Proof Be Problematic?
② How Do We Rate the Credibility of an Actor?
③ Social Proof: The Key to Our Decision-Making
④ Cope with Environmental Uncertainty Positively!
⑤ Skepticism Is Often the Result of Our Social
Beliefs
- 37 -
고1
독해형
유형 C ┃3월 41-42번┃
164. 다음 글의 요지로 알맞은 것은?164)
Chess masters shown a chess board in the middle
of a game for 5 seconds with 20 to 30 pieces still in
play can immediately reproduce the position of the
pieces from memory. Beginners, of course, are able to
place only a few. Now take the same pieces and
place them on the board randomly and the difference
is much reduced. The expert’s advantage is only for
familiar patterns — those previously stored in memory.
Faced with unfamiliar patterns, even when it involves
the same familiar domain, the expert’s advantage
disappears.
The beneficial effects of familiar structure on
memory have been observed for many types of
expertise, including music. People with musical
training can reproduce short sequences of musical
notation more accurately than those with no musical
training when notes follow conventional sequences,
but the advantage is much reduced when the notes
are ordered randomly. Expertise also improves
memory for sequences of movements. Experienced
ballet dancers are able to repeat longer sequences of
steps than less experienced dancers, and they can
repeat a sequence of steps making up a routine
better than steps ordered randomly. In each case,
memory range is increased by the ability to recognize
familiar sequences and patterns.
*expertise: 전문 지식 **sequence: 연속, 순서
***musical notation: 악보
① 기억은 자동적으로 또는 무의식적으로 일어난다
② 기억은 끊임없는 노력에 의해 확장될 수 있다.
③ 다양한 영역에서 친숙함이 우리의 기억 능력을 향
상시킨다.
④ 더 큰 덩어리로 세부적으로 나누는 것이 기억을 돕
는다.
⑤ 장기적 기억은 전문가와 초보자 사이에 차이가 없다.
 예상문제 고1 예상문제 고1
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형 2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C 유형 C

유형 C ┃3월 43-45번┃ 세부 정보 파악 유형 C ┃3월 19번┃ 유형 C ┃3월 21번┃

165. 다음 글에 드러난 ‘the guards’의 심경 변화로 알맞
은 것은?165)
Once upon a time, there was a king who lived in a
beautiful palace. While the king was away, a monster
approached the gates of the palace. The monster was
so ugly and smelly that the guards froze in shock. He
passed the guards and sat on the king’s throne. The
guards soon came to their senses, went in, and
shouted at the monster, demanding that he get off
the throne. With each bad word the guards used, the
monster grew more ugly and smelly. The guards got
even angrier — they began to brandish their swords
to scare the monster away from the palace. But he
just grew bigger and bigger, eventually taking up the
whole room. He grew more ugly and smelly than
ever. Eventually the king returned. He was wise and
kind and saw what was happening. He knew what to
do. He smiled and said to the monster, “Welcome to
my palace!” He asked the monster if he wanted a
cup of coffee. The monster began to grow smaller as
he drank the coffee. The king offered him some
take-out pizza and fries. The guards immediately
called for pizza. The monster continued to get smaller
with the king’s kind gestures. He then offered the
monster a full body massage. As the guards helped
with the relaxing massage, the monster became tiny.
With another act of kindness to the monster, he just
disappeared.
*throne: 왕좌 **brandish: 휘두르다
① anxious → relieved
② jealous → grateful
③ indifferent → thrilled
④ excited → disappointed
⑤ calm → surprised
유형 C ┃3월 18번┃
166. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?166)
To whom it may concern,
I am a resident of the Blue Sky Apartment. Recently
I observed that the kid zone is in need of repairs. I
want you to pay attention to the poor condition of
the playground equipment in the zone. The swings
are damaged, the paint is falling off, and some of
the bolts on the slide are missing. The facilities have
been in this terrible condition since we moved here.
They are dangerous to the children playing there.
Would you please have them repaired? I would
appreciate your immediate attention to solve this
matter.
Yours sincerely,
Nina Davis
① Nina Davis lives in the Blue Sky Apartment.
② The condition of the playground equipment in
the kid zone is bad.
③ The facilities of the playground have been in a
good condition for some years after Nina Davis
moved here.
④ Nina Davis thinks it isn’t safe for children to use
the present facilities in the playground.
⑤ Nina Davis wants the person concerned to make
the playground facilities repaired.
167. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?167)
On a two­week trip in the Rocky Mountains, I saw
a grizzly bear in its native habitat. At first, I felt joy
as I watched the bear walk across the land. He
stopped every once in a while to turn his head
about, sniffing deeply. He was following the scent of
something, and slowly I began to realize that this
giant animal was smelling me! I froze. This was no
longer a wonderful experience; it was now an issue
of survival. The bear’s motivation was to find meat to
eat, and I was clearly on his menu.
*scent: 냄새
① The speaker had been traveling in the Rocky
Mountains for two weeks.
② The speaker was scared at the moment when
finding a grizzly bear.
③ The speaker didn‘t know what the bear was
smelling at first.
④ The speaker believed that the bear was roaming
around in search of prey.
⑤ The speaker was afraid of being eaten by the
bear.
┃3월 20번┃
유형 C
168. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?168)
It is difficult for any of us to maintain a constant
level of attention throughout our working day. We all
have body rhythms characterised by peaks and valleys
of energy and alertness. You will achieve more, and
feel confident as a benefit, if you schedule your most
demanding tasks at times when you are best able to
cope with them. If you haven’t thought about energy
peaks before, take a few days to observe yourself. Try
to note the times when you are at your best. We are
all different. For some, the peak will come first thing
in the morning, but for others it may take a while to
warm up.
*alertness: 기민함
169. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?169)
If we adopt technology, we need to pay its costs.
Thousands of traditional livelihoods have been pushed
aside by progress, and the lifestyles around those
jobs removed. Hundreds of millions of humans today
work at jobs they hate, producing things they have
no love for. Sometimes these jobs cause physical
pain, disability, or chronic disease. Technology creates
many new jobs that are certainly dangerous. At the
same time, mass education and media train humans
to avoid low-tech physical work, to seek jobs working
in the digital world. The divorce of the hands from
the head puts a stress on the human mind. Indeed,
the sedentary nature of the best-paying jobs is a
health risk — for body and mind.
*chronic: 만성의 **sedentary: 주로 앉아서 하는
① Adopting technology leads to working at a job
that are not safe.
② Increase in technology at work creates more
stress on the workers’ mind.
③ Mass media promote jobs that require physical
work because of a health risk.
④ It seems that lots of workers today even do not
like what they are making at work.
⑤ There have been significant changes in numerous
traditional livelihoods due to progress in
technology.

① 업무 시간에 계속해서 일에 집중하는 것은 쉽지 않다.

② 신체 리듬은 에너지가 왕성할 때와 그렇지 않을 때
로 나누어 질 수 있다.
③ 힘든 작업이라도 언제든 같은 시간에 규칙적으로 실
행하면 효율적으로 처리할 수 있게 된다.
④ 자신의 상태가 가장 좋을 때를 며칠 동안 관찰하면
서 자신의 에너지 정점을 파악할 수 있다.
⑤ 사람마다 신체 리듬이 다르다.

- 38 - - 39 -
 예상문제
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
유형 C ┃3월 22번┃
170. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?170)
When students are starting their college life, they
may approach every course, test, or learning task the
same way, using what we like to call “the
rubber-stamp approach.” Think about it this way:
Would you wear a tuxedo to a baseball game? A
colorful dress to a funeral? A bathing suit to religious
services? Probably not. You know there’s appropriate
dress for different occasions and settings. Skillful
learners know that “putting on the same clothes”
won’t work for every class. They are flexible learners.
They have different strategies and know when to use
them. They know that you study for multiple-choice
tests differently than you study for essay tests. And
they not only know what to do, but they also know
how to do it.
① There are appropriate dress codes for different
situations.
② Flexible learners prefer essay tests to multiple
choice-tests.
③ Some college students choose the rubber-stamp
approach for learning tasks.
④ Successful learners can apply different strategies
in accordance with the types of tests.
⑤ Skillful learners know that using the same
strategies for every course or test is not
effective.
- 40 -
고1
독해형
유형 C ┃3월 23번┃
171. 다음 글을 읽고 답할 수 없는 질문은?171)
As the social and economic situation of countries
got better, wage levels and working conditions
improved. Gradually people were given more time off.
At the same time, forms of transport improved and it
became faster and cheaper to get to places.
England’s industrial revolution led to many of these
changes. Railways, in the nineteenth century, opened
up now famous seaside resorts such as Blackpool and
Brighton. With the railways came many large hotels.
In Canada, for example, the new coast-to-coast
railway system made possible the building of such
famous hotels as Banff Springs and Chateau Lake
Louise in the Rockies. Later, the arrival of air
transport opened up more of the world and led to
tourism growth.
① What contributed to pay raise?
② What enabled Banff Springs to be built?
③ What did new railways bring to Brighton?
④ What made industrial revolution begin in England?
⑤ What made it possible to improve forms of
transport?
예상문제
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
유형 C ┃3월 24번┃
172. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?172)
Success can lead you off your intended path and
into a comfortable rut. If you are good at something
and are well rewarded for doing it, you may want to
keep doing it even if you stop enjoying it. The
danger is that one day you look around and realize
you’re so deep in this comfortable rut that you can
no longer see the sun or breathe fresh air; the sides
of the rut have become so slippery that it would
take a superhuman effort to climb out; and,
effectively, you’re stuck. And it’s a situation that many
working people worry they’re in now. The poor
employment market has left them feeling locked in
what may be a secure, or even well-paying — but
ultimately unsatisfying — job.
*rut: 틀에 박힌 생활
① When we are deep in the comfortable rut, we
may feel locked.
② Job satisfaction may be strongly linked to how
much you get paid.
③ It seems to be very challenging to climb out
from the comfortable rut.
④ Success can lead us to an unexpected trap in a
comfortable rut.
⑤ Being good at something and well rewarded for
doing it can encourage us to continue to do it
- 41 -
고1
독해형
유형 C ┃3월 26번┃
173. 다음 글을 읽고 답할 수 없는 질문은?173)
Lilian Bland was born in Kent, England in 1878.
Unlike most other girls at the time she wore trousers
and spent her time enjoying adventurous activities
like horse riding and hunting. Lilian began her career
as a sports and wildlife photographer for British
newspapers. In 1910 she became the first woman to
design, build, and fly her own airplane. In order to
persuade her to try a slightly safer activity, Lilian’s
dad bought her a car. Soon Lilian was a master
driver and ended up working as a car dealer. She
never went back to flying but lived a long and
exciting life nonetheless. She married, moved to
Canada, and had a kid. Eventually, she moved back
to England, and lived there for the rest of her life.
① What did Lilian enjoy doing when she was
young?
② What kind of photographs did Lilian take for
British newspapers?
③ Why did Lilian’s dad buy a car for her?
④ Where did Lilian have a kid?
⑤ How long did Lilian lived in England after
returning there?
 예상문제 고1 예상문제 고1
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형 2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C 유형 C

유형 C ┃3월 29번┃ 유형 C ┃3월 30번┃ 유형 C ┃3월 31번┃ 유형 C ┃3월 32번┃

174. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?174)
The most noticeable human characteristic projected
onto animals is that they can talk in human
language. Physically, animal cartoon characters and
toys made after animals are also most often
deformed in such a way as to resemble humans. This
is achieved by showing them with humanlike facial
features and deformed front legs to resemble human
hands. In more recent animated movies the trend has
been to show the animals in a more “natural” way.
However, they still use their front legs like human
hands (for example, lions can pick up and lift small
objects with one paw), and they still talk with an
appropriate facial expression. A general strategy that
is used to make the animal characters more
emotionally appealing, both to children and adults, is
to give them enlarged and deformed childlike
features.
*deform: 변형하다 **paw: (동물의) 발
① In animated films, animals' front legs act as
human hands.
② More lately, animated films have presented
animals in a more “natural” way.
③ In cartoons, animal characters are transformed in
ways that make them look like humans.
④ Animals' use of human language is the most
conspicuous human feature reflected in them.
⑤ More increased and transformed childlike features
make people feel more unpleasant about animal
characters.
175. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?175)
The major philosophical shift in the idea of selling
came when industrial societies became more affluent,
more competitive, and more geographically spread
out during the 1940s and 1950s. This forced business
to develop closer relations with buyers and clients,
which in turn made business realize that it was not
enough to produce a quality product at a reasonable
price. In fact, it was equally essential to deliver
products that customers actually wanted. Henry Ford
produced his best-selling T-model Ford in one color
only (black) in 1908, but in modern societies this was
no longer possible. The modernization of society led
to a marketing revolution that destroyed the view
that production would create its own demand.
Customers, and the desire to meet their diverse and
often complex needs, became the focus of business.
*affluent: 부유한
① It was during the 1940s and 1950s that the
concept of sales changed.
② In modern societies, T-Model Ford cannot be
produced in a single color.
③ Business concentrated on the desire to meet the
diverse and complex needs of customers.
④ The modernization of society resulted from the
belief that production would create its own
demand.
⑤ The change to the concept of selling led
companies to recognize that producing high
quality products at an affordable price is not
enough.
176. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?176)
People differ in how quickly they can reset their
biological clocks to overcome jet lag, and the speed
of recovery depends on the direction of travel.
Generally, it’s easier to fly westward and lengthen
your day than it is to fly eastward and shorten it.
This east-west difference in jet lag is sizable enough
to have an impact on the performance of sports
teams. Studies have found that teams flying westward
perform significantly better than teams flying eastward
in professional baseball and college football. A more
recent study of more than 46,000 Major League
Baseball games found additional evidence that
eastward travel is tougher than westward travel.
*jet lag: 시차로 인한 피로감
① Flying west and extending your day is less difficult
than flying east and reducing it.
② The speed at which people recover from jet lag
is determined by the direction of travel.
③ According to research, baseball teams traveling
westward play better than those traveling
eastward.
④ The east-west difference in jet lag is so
considerable that it affects the performance of a
sports team.
⑤ A more recent research on major league baseball
games has proved that eastward journey is more
comfortable than westward journey.
177. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?177)
If you want the confidence that comes from
achieving what you set out to do each day, then it’s
important to understand how long things are going
to take. Over-optimism about what can be achieved
within a certain time frame is a problem. So work on
it. Make a practice of estimating the amount of time
needed alongside items on your ‘things to do’ list,
and learn by experience when tasks take a greater or
lesser time than expected. Give attention also to
fitting the task to the available time. There are some
tasks that you can only set about if you have a
significant amount of time available. There is no point
in trying to gear up for such a task when you only
have a short period available. So schedule the time
you need for the longer tasks and put the short
tasks into the spare moments in between.
*gear up: 준비를 갖추다, 대비하다
① Some tasks can only be started if the amount of
time available is large.
② You should make it a habit to approximate the
time required for items on your ‘things to do’
list.
③ It is useless to prepare for a task that requires a
lot of time to do when you don't have much
time.
④ There is nothing wrong with excessive confidence
in being able to achieve something in a certain
amount of time.
⑤ If you want to gain confidence by accomplishing
what you begin to do every day, you need to
know how long things will take.

- 42 - - 43 -
 예상문제
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
유형 C ┃3월 33번┃
178. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?178)
In Lewis Carroll’s Through the Looking-Glass, the
Red Queen takes Alice on a race through the
countryside. They run and they run, but then Alice
discovers that they’re still under the same tree that
they started from. The Red Queen explains to Alice:
“here, you see, it takes all the running you can do,
to keep in the same place.” Biologists sometimes use
this Red Queen Effect to explain an evolutionary
principle. If foxes evolve to run faster so they can
catch more rabbits, then only the fastest rabbits will
live long enough to make a new generation of
bunnies that run even faster — in which case, of
course, only the fastest foxes will catch enough
rabbits to thrive and pass on their genes. Even
though they might run, the two species just stay in
place.
*thrive: 번성하다
① The Red Queen Effect is inspired by a scene in
Lewis Carroll's Through the Looking-Glass.
② The Red Queen and Alice fail to make any
progress in the race
③ Evolutionary biologists use the Red Queen Effect
to describe the continuous adaptation of species.
④ The Red Queen Effect implies that both predator
and prey need to continuously evolve to maintain
their positions.
⑤ The Red Queen Effect implies that a certain
tipping point should be reached to beat other
species in the evolutionary race.
- 44 -
고1
독해형
유형 C ┃3월 34번┃
179. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?179)
Everything in the world around us was finished in
the mind of its creator before it was started. The
houses we live in, the cars we drive, and our clothing
— all of these began with an idea. Each idea was
then studied, refined and perfected before the first
nail was driven or the first piece of cloth was cut.
Long before the idea was turned into a physical
reality, the mind had clearly pictured the finished
product. The human being designs his or her own
future through much the same process. We begin
with an idea about how the future will be. Over a
period of time we refine and perfect the vision.
Before long, our every thought, decision and activity
are all working in harmony to bring into existence
what we have mentally concluded about the future.
*refine: 다듬다
① Thoughts, decisions, and actions work together to
realize the future vision we conceived.
② Humans design their future quite differently from
the way they make physical products.
③ The mind creates a clear image of the final
product before bringing an idea to life.
④ The creator has a clear idea of something before
bringing it into a reality.
⑤ Every physical object like homes, cars, and
clothing was first conceived as an idea and
refined before production.
예상문제
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
유형 C ┃3월 35번┃
180. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?180)
Whose story it is affects what the story is. Change
the main character, and the focus of the story must
also change. If we look at the events through
another character’s eyes, we will interpret them
differently. We’ll place our sympathies with someone
new. When the conflict arises that is the heart of the
story, we will be praying for a different outcome.
Consider, for example, how the tale of Cinderella
would shift if told from the viewpoint of an evil
stepsister. Gone with the Wind is Scarlett O’Hara’s
story, but what if we were shown the same events
from the viewpoint of Rhett Butler or Melanie Wilkes?
*sympathy: 공감
① Altering the main character leads to a shift in the
way we interpret the story.
② Our desires for the outcome of conflicts depend
on which character we feel sympathy for.
③ Viewing the events from a different character's
perspective results in varied interpretations.
④ We develop an emotional connection with a new
character when we see things from his/her point
of view.
⑤ Our sympathies will still remain with the original
Cinderella even if her story is narrated from the
viewpoint of an evil stepsister.
- 45 -
고1
독해형
유형 C ┃3월 36번┃
181. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?181)
In the Old Stone Age, small bands of 20 to 60
people wandered from place to place in search of
food. Once people began farming, they could settle
down near their farms. As a result, towns and villages
grew larger. Living in communities allowed people to
organize themselves more efficiently. They could
divide up the work of producing food and other
things they needed. While some workers grew crops,
others built new houses and made tools. Village
dwellers also learned to work together to do a task
faster. For example, toolmakers could share the work
of making stone axes and knives. By working
together, they could make more tools in the same
amount of time.
*dweller: 거주자
① The purpose of people learning to work together
was getting things done more quickly.
② The growth of towns and villages resulted in the
development of farming.
③ As people started living in groups, they could
work more efficiently by dividing tasks.
④ People in villages could specialize in different
tasks, such as crop-growing or building.
⑤ During the Old Stone Age, groups of people
between 20 and 60 traveled to find food.
 예상문제
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
유형 C ┃3월 37번┃
182. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?182)
Natural processes form minerals in many ways. For
example, hot melted rock material, called magma,
cools when it reaches the Earth’s surface, or even if
it’s trapped below the surface. As magma cools, its
atoms lose heat energy, move closer together, and
begin to combine into compounds. During this
process, atoms of the different compounds arrange
themselves into orderly, repeating patterns. The type
and amount of elements present in a magma partly
determine which minerals will form. Also, the size of
the crystals that form depends partly on how rapidly
the magma cools. When magma cools slowly, the
crystals that form are generally large enough to see
with the unaided eye. This is because the atoms have
enough time to move together and form into larger
crystals. When magma cools rapidly, the crystals that
form will be small. In such cases, you can’t easily see
individual mineral crystals.
*compound: 화합물
① Minerals are formed through various natural
processes.
② The size of the crystals composing minerals is
determined by the speed of cooling.
③ The formation of minerals is dependent on the
type and amount of elements present in magma.
④ During the cooling process of magma, its atoms
combine into compounds, creating an orderly
arrangement of different compounds.
⑤ Even when magma cools rapidly, individual
mineral crystals are still large enough to be
seen with the unaided eye.
- 46 -
고1
독해형
유형 C ┃3월 38번┃
183. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?183)
All carbohydrates are basically sugars. Complex
carbohydrates are the good carbohydrates for your
body. These complex sugar compounds are very
difficult to break down and can trap other nutrients
like vitamins and minerals in their chains. As they
slowly break down, the other nutrients are also
released into your body, and can provide you with
fuel for a number of hours. Bad carbohydrates, on
the other hand, are simple sugars. Because their
structure is not complex, they are easy to break
down and hold few nutrients for your body other
than the sugars from which they are made. Your
body breaks down these carbohydrates rather quickly
and what it cannot use is converted to fat and
stored in the body.
*carbohydrate: 탄수화물 **convert: 바꾸다
① 좋은 탄수화물은 복잡한 당 혼합물이다.
② 좋은 탄수화물은 천천히 분해되고, 오랜 시간동안
영양분을 공급한다.
③ 나쁜 탄수화물은 단순한 구조를 가진 단당류이다.
④ 나쁜 탄수화물은 당 이외에 몸을 위한 영양적 가치
가 거의 없다.
⑤ 나쁜 탄수화물은 모두 몸속에서 지방으로 축적된다.
예상문제
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
유형 C ┃3월 39번┃
184. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?184)
People commonly make the mistaken assumption
that because a person has one type of characteristic,
then they automatically have other characteristics
which go with it. In one study, university students
were given descriptions of a guest lecturer before he
spoke to the group. Half the students received a
description containing the word ‘warm’, the other half
were told the speaker was ‘cold’. The guest lecturer
then led a discussion, after which the students were
asked to give their impressions of him. As expected,
there were large differences between the impressions
formed by the students, depending upon their
original information of the lecturer. It was also found
that those students who expected the lecturer to be
warm tended to interact with him more. This shows
that different expectations not only affect the
impressions we form but also our behaviour and the
relationship which is formed.
① 사람들은 어떤 사람이 가진 한 가지 유형의 특성은
그것과 어울리는 다른 특성을 가진다고 믿는다.
② 대학생들은 초청 강사에 대한 사전 정보를 듣고 그
에 대한 인상을 평가했다.
③ 강사에 대한 최초 정보에 따라 평가가 달랐다.
④ 강사에 대한 기대감은 토론 중의 의사소통 빈도와
상관관계가 없었다.
⑤ 서로 다른 기대는 우리가 형성하는 인상과 행동에
영향을 미친다.
- 47 -
고1
독해형
유형 C ┃3월 40번┃
185. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?185)
To help decide what’s risky and what’s safe, who’s
trustworthy and who’s not, we look for social
evidence. From an evolutionary view, following the
group is almost always positive for our prospects of
survival. “If everyone’s doing it, it must be a sensible
thing to do,” explains famous psychologist and best
selling writer of Influence, Robert Cialdini. While we
can frequently see this today in product reviews, even
subtler cues within the environment can signal
trustworthiness. Consider this: when you visit a local
restaurant, are they busy? Is there a line outside or is
it easy to find a seat? It is a hassle to wait, but a
line can be a powerful cue that the food’s tasty, and
these seats are in demand. More often than not, it’s
good to adopt the practices of those around you.
*subtle: 미묘한 **hassle: 성가신 일
① 우리는 의사결정에 직면할 때 사회적 증거를 따른다.
② 집단의 결정을 수용하는 것은 합리적이다.
③ 환경 내의 미묘한 신호가 신뢰성을 보여줄 수 있다.
④ 우리는 어떻게 행동할지 결정할 때 상품평이나 음
식점의 줄은 신뢰성의 척도가 된다.
⑤ 주변의 사람들의 행동을 무조건 따르는 것은 종종
문제를 유발한다.
 예상문제
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
유형 C ┃3월 41-42번┃
186. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?186)
Chess masters shown a chess board in the middle
of a game for 5 seconds with 20 to 30 pieces still in
play can immediately reproduce the position of the
pieces from memory. Beginners, of course, are able to
place only a few. Now take the same pieces and
place them on the board randomly and the difference
is much reduced. The expert’s advantage is only for
familiar patterns — those previously stored in memory.
Faced with unfamiliar patterns, even when it involves
the same familiar domain, the expert’s advantage
disappears.
The beneficial effects of familiar structure on
memory have been observed for many types of
expertise, including music. People with musical
training can reproduce short sequences of musical
notation more accurately than those with no musical
training when notes follow conventional sequences,
but the advantage is much reduced when the notes
are ordered randomly. Expertise also improves
memory for sequences of movements. Experienced
ballet dancers are able to repeat longer sequences of
steps than less experienced dancers, and they can
repeat a sequence of steps making up a routine
better than steps ordered randomly. In each case,
memory range is increased by the ability to recognize
familiar sequences and patterns.
*expertise: 전문 지식 **sequence: 연속, 순서
***musical notation: 악보
① 체스판의 말이 무작위로 배열되면 전문가의 유리함
은 사라진다.
② 익숙함이 기억에 미치는 긍정적인 효과는 많은 유
형의 전문 지식에서 볼 수 있다.
③ 음표가 전형적인 순서를 따를 때 전문가와 초보자
사이의 재현의 정확성을 큰 차이가 없다.
④ 발레에서 전문 지식은 연속 동작에 대한 기억을 강
화한다.
⑤ 익숙한 순서와 패턴을 인식하는 능력이 기억력을
좌우한다.
- 48 -
고1
독해형
유형 C ┃3월 43-45번┃
187. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?187)
Once upon a time, there was a king who lived in a
beautiful palace. While the king was away, a monster
approached the gates of the palace. The monster was
so ugly and smelly that the guards froze in shock. He
passed the guards and sat on the king’s throne. The
guards soon came to their senses, went in, and
shouted at the monster, demanding that he get off
the throne. With each bad word the guards used, the
monster grew more ugly and smelly. The guards got
even angrier — they began to brandish their swords
to scare the monster away from the palace. But he
just grew bigger and bigger, eventually taking up the
whole room. He grew more ugly and smelly than
ever. Eventually the king returned. He was wise and
kind and saw what was happening. He knew what to
do. He smiled and said to the monster, “Welcome to
my palace!” He asked the monster if he wanted a
cup of coffee. The monster began to grow smaller as
he drank the coffee. The king offered him some
take-out pizza and fries. The guards immediately
called for pizza. The monster continued to get smaller
with the king’s kind gestures. He then offered the
monster a full body massage. As the guards helped
with the relaxing massage, the monster became tiny.
With another act of kindness to the monster, he just
disappeared.
*throne: 왕좌 **brandish: 휘두르다
① 경비병들은 괴물을 향해 왕좌에서 내려올 것을 요
구했다.
② 경비병들이 나쁜 말을 사용할 때마다, 그 괴물은 몸
집을 불렸다.
③ 왕은 친절한 행위로 괴물을 환영했다.
④ 경비병들은 왕의 명령에 따라 괴물을 마사지 해 주
었다.
⑤ 경비병들과 왕의 친절한 행위는 괴물을 사라지게
하지 못했다.
예상문제 고1
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
빈칸추론 (1) 유형 C ┃3월 19번┃
190. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?190)
유형 C ┃3월 18번┃ On a two­week trip in the Rocky Mountains, I saw
a grizzly bear in its native habitat. At first, I felt joy
188. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?188) as I watched the bear walk across the land. He
To whom it may concern, stopped every once in a while to turn his head
I am a resident of the Blue Sky Apartment. Recently about, sniffing deeply. He was following the scent of
I observed that the kid zone is in need of ___________. something, and slowly I began to realize that this
I want you to pay attention to the poor condition of giant animal was smelling me! I froze. This was no
the playground equipment in the zone. The swings longer a wonderful experience; it was now an issue
of _______________. The bear’s motivation was to find
are damaged, the paint is falling off, and some of
meat to eat, and I was clearly on his menu.
the bolts on the slide are missing. The facilities have
*scent: 냄새
been in this terrible condition since we moved here.
They are dangerous to the children playing there.
① choice ② morality ③ survival
Would you please have them repaired? I would
④ tolerance ⑤ animal welfare
appreciate your immediate attention to solve this
matter.
Yours sincerely,
Nina Davis
① cleaning ② mending 유형 C ┃3월 21번┃
③ demolition ④ replacement
191. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 알맞은 것은?191)
⑤ more equipments
If we adopt technology, we need to _________________
_____________. Thousands of traditional livelihoods have
been pushed aside by progress, and the lifestyles
around those jobs removed. Hundreds of millions of
유형 C ┃3월 20번┃
humans today work at jobs they hate, producing
things they have no love for. Sometimes these jobs
189. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?189)
cause physical pain, disability, or chronic disease.
It is difficult for any of us to maintain a constant
Technology creates many new jobs that are certainly
level of attention throughout our working day. We all
dangerous. At the same time, mass education and
have ____________________________ characterised by peaks
media train humans to avoid low-tech physical work,
and valleys of energy and alertness. You will achieve
to seek jobs working in the digital world. The divorce
more, and feel confident as a benefit, if you schedule
of the hands from the head puts a stress on the
your most demanding tasks at times when you are
human mind. Indeed, the sedentary nature of the
best able to cope with them. If you haven’t thought
best-paying jobs is a health risk — for body and
about energy peaks before, take a few days to
mind.
observe yourself. Try to note the times when you are
*chronic: 만성의 **sedentary: 주로 앉아서 하는
at your best. We are all different. For some, the peak
will come first thing in the morning, but for others it ① pay attention to balance between work and life
may take a while to warm up.
② keep up with the advance in technology
*alertness: 기민함
③ focus on stability in the workplace
④ seek jobs more frequently
① life cycles ② intelligence
⑤ pay its costs
③ body rhythms ④ genetic mutations
⑤ stages of development
- 49 -
 예상문제
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
유형 C ┃3월 22번┃
192. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?192)
When students are starting their college life, they
may approach every course, test, or learning task the
same way, using what we like to call “the
rubber-stamp approach.” Think about it this way:
Would you wear a tuxedo to a baseball game? A
colorful dress to a funeral? A bathing suit to religious
services? Probably not. You know there’s appropriate
dress for different occasions and settings. Skillful
learners know that “putting on the same clothes”
won’t work for every class. They are ______________
learners. They have different strategies and know
when to use them. They know that you study for
multiple-choice tests differently than you study for
essay tests. And they not only know what to do, but
they also know how to do it.
① slow ② deligent ③ practical
④ flexible ⑤ optimistic
유형 C ┃3월 23번┃
193. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?193)
As the social and economic situation of countries
got better, wage levels and working conditions
improved. Gradually people were given more time off.
At the same time, forms of transport improved and it
became faster and cheaper to get to places.
England’s industrial revolution led to many of these
changes. Railways, in the nineteenth century, opened
up now famous seaside resorts such as Blackpool and
Brighton. With the railways came many large hotels.
In Canada, for example, the new coast-to-coast
railway system made possible the building of such
famous hotels as Banff Springs and Chateau Lake
Louise in the Rockies. Later, the arrival of air
transport opened up more of the world and led to
___________________________.
① financial crisis
② tourism growth
③ economic issues
④ frequent accidents
⑤ the fall of railway
- 50 -
고1
독해형
유형 C ┃3월 24번┃
194. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?194)
Success can lead you off your intended path and
into a comfortable rut. If you are good at something
and are well rewarded for doing it, you may want to
keep doing it even if you stop enjoying it. The
danger is that one day you look around and realize
you’re so deep in this comfortable rut that you can
no longer see the sun or breathe fresh air; the sides
of the rut have become so slippery that it would
take a superhuman effort to climb out; and,
effectively, you’re ____________. And it’s a situation that
many working people worry they’re in now. The poor
employment market has left them feeling locked in
what may be a secure, or even well-paying — but
ultimately unsatisfying — job.
*rut: 틀에 박힌 생활
① comfortable ② shocked ③ relieved
④ tense ⑤ stuck
유형 C ┃3월 29번┃
195. 다음 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것
은?195)
The most noticeable human characteristic projected
onto animals is that they can talk in human
language. Physically, animal cartoon characters and
toys made after animals are also most often
deformed in such a way as to resemble humans. This
is achieved by showing them with humanlike facial
features and deformed front legs to resemble human
hands. In more recent animated movies the trend has
been to show the animals in a more “(A)___________”
way. However, they still use their front legs like
human hands (for example, lions can pick up and lift
small objects with one paw), and they still talk with
an appropriate facial expression. A general strategy
that is used to make the animal characters more
emotionally (B)___________, both to children and adults,
is to give them enlarged and deformed childlike
features.
*deform: 변형하다 **paw: (동물의) 발
(A) (B)
① intact horrible
② artificial attractive
③ natural appealing
④ unnatural disagreeable
⑤ untouched contemptible
예상문제 고1
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
유형 C ┃3월 30번┃ 유형 C ┃3월 32번┃
196. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?196) 198. 다음 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 알맞은
것은? 198)
The major philosophical shift in the idea of selling
came when industrial societies became more affluent, If you want the confidence that comes from
more competitive, and more geographically spread achieving what you set out to do each day, then it’s
out during the 1940s and 1950s. This forced business important to understand how long things are going
to develop closer relations with buyers and clients, to take. (A)_______________ about what can be achieved
which in turn made business realize that it was not within a certain time frame is a problem. So work on
enough to produce a quality product at a reasonable it. Make a practice of estimating the amount of time
price. In fact, it was equally essential to deliver needed alongside items on your ‘things to do’ list,
products that ______________________________. Henry Ford and learn by experience when tasks take a greater or
produced his best-selling T-model Ford in one color lesser time than expected. Give attention also to
only (black) in 1908, but in modern societies this was fitting the task to the available time. There are some
no longer possible. The modernization of society led tasks that you can only set about if you have a
to a marketing revolution that destroyed the view (B)_______________ amount of time available. There is
that production would create its own demand. no point in trying to gear up for such a task when
Customers, and the desire to meet their diverse and you only have a short period available. So schedule
often complex needs, became the focus of business. the time you need for the longer tasks and put the
*affluent: 부유한 short tasks into the spare moments in between.
*gear up: 준비를 갖추다, 대비하다
① customers actually wanted
② high-end materials were used for (A) (B)
③ guaranteed maximum return to producers ① Ignorance small
④ workers could make comfortably and safely
② Thought substantial
⑤ showed the designers' creativity to the fullest ③ Complaint trivial
④ Discussion considerable
유형 C ┃3월 31번┃ ⑤ Over-optimism significant
197. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?197)
People differ in how quickly they can reset their
biological clocks to overcome jet lag, and _____________
_________________ depends on the direction of travel.
Generally, it’s easier to fly westward and lengthen
your day than it is to fly eastward and shorten it.
This east-west difference in jet lag is sizable enough
to have an impact on the performance of sports
teams. Studies have found that teams flying westward
perform significantly better than teams flying eastward
in professional baseball and college football. A more
recent study of more than 46,000 Major League
Baseball games found additional evidence that
eastward travel is tougher than westward travel.
*jet lag: 시차로 인한 피로감
① the flight expense
② the duration of flight
③ the morale of athletes
④ the speed of recovery
⑤ the chances of turbulence
- 51 -
 예상문제 고1 예상문제 고1
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형 2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C 유형 C

유형 C ┃3월 33번┃ 유형 C ┃3월 34번┃ 유형 C ┃3월 35번┃ 유형 C ┃3월 37번┃

199. 다음 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 알맞은 말로 연결
된 것은?199)
In Lewis Carroll’s Through the Looking-Glass, the
Red Queen takes Alice on a race through the
countryside. They run and they run, but then Alice
discovers that they’re still under the same tree that
they started from. The Red Queen explains to Alice:
“here, you see, it takes all the running you can do,
to keep in the same place.” (A)____________ sometimes
use this Red Queen Effect to explain an evolutionary
principle. If foxes evolve to run faster so they can
catch more rabbits, then only the fastest rabbits will
live long enough to make a new generation of
bunnies that run (B)____________ — in which case, of
course, only the fastest foxes will catch enough
rabbits to thrive and pass on their genes. Even
though they might run, the two species just stay in
place.
*thrive: 번성하다
(A) (B)
① Biologists even faster
② Anthropologists even faster
③ Sociologists a bit slowly
④ Anthropologists a bit slowly
⑤ Biologists far behind
200. 다음 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 알맞은 말로 연결
된 것은?200)
Everything in the world around us was (A)___________
in the mind of its creator before it was started. The
houses we live in, the cars we drive, and our clothing
— all of these began with an idea. Each idea was
then studied, refined and perfected before the first
nail was driven or the first piece of cloth was cut.
Long before the idea was turned into a physical
reality, the mind had clearly pictured the finished
product. The human being designs his or her own
future through (B)_________________. We begin with an
idea about how the future will be. Over a period of
time we refine and perfect the vision. Before long,
our every thought, decision and activity are all
working in harmony to bring into existence what we
have mentally concluded about the future.
*refine: 다듬다
(A) (B)
① finished much the same process
② undermined a unique way of thinking
③ completed a quite different procedure
④ concluded effortless interactions
⑤ compromised nearly identical methods
201. 다음 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 알맞은 말로 연결
된 것은?201)
Whose story it is affects what the story is. Change
the main character, and the focus of the story must
also change. If we look at the events through
another character’s eyes, we will interpret them
differently. We’ll place our sympathies with someone
new. When the conflict arises that is the heart of the
story, we will be praying for a different outcome.
Consider, (A)__________, how the tale of Cinderella
would shift if told from the viewpoint of an evil
stepsister. Gone with the Wind is Scarlett O’Hara’s
story, but (B)_______________ we were shown the same
events from the viewpoint of Rhett Butler or Melanie
Wilkes? *sympathy: 공감
(A) (B)
① however how come
② however what if
③ for example what if
④ for example how come
⑤ on the other hand if only
┃3월 36번┃
유형 C
202. 다음 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 알맞은 말로 연결
된 것은?202)
In the Old Stone Age, small bands of 20 to 60
people wandered from place to place in search of
food. Once people began farming, they could settle
down near their farms. (A)____________, towns and
villages grew larger. Living in communities allowed
people to organize themselves more efficiently. They
could divide up the work of producing food and
other things they needed. While some workers grew
crops, others built new houses and made tools.
Village dwellers also learned to work together to do
a task faster. (B)____________, toolmakers could share
the work of making stone axes and knives. By
working together, they could make more tools in the
same amount of time. *dweller: 거주자
203. 다음 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 알맞은 말로 연결
된 것은?203)
Natural processes form minerals in many ways. For
example, hot melted rock material, called magma,
cools when it reaches the Earth’s surface, or even if
it’s trapped below the surface. As magma cools, its
atoms lose heat energy, move closer together, and
begin to combine into compounds. During this
process, atoms of the different compounds arrange
themselves into orderly, repeating patterns. The type
and amount of elements present in a magma partly
determine which minerals will form. Also, the
(A)____________ of the crystals that form depends partly
on how rapidly the magma cools. When magma
cools slowly, the crystals that form are generally large
enough to see with the unaided eye. This is because
the atoms have enough time to move together and
form into larger crystals. When magma cools
(B)____________, the crystals that form will be small. In
such cases, you can’t easily see individual mineral
crystals.
*compound: 화합물
(A) (B)
① shape gradually
② shape quickly
③ size rapidly
④ size slowly
⑤ number quietly

(A) (B)
① Nevertheless However
② Nevertheless For example
③ As a result For instance
④ As a result In contrast
⑤ For example On the other hand

- 52 - - 53 -
 예상문제
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
유형 C ┃3월 38번┃
204. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?204)
All carbohydrates are basically sugars. Complex
carbohydrates are the good carbohydrates for your
body. These complex sugar compounds are very
difficult to break down and can trap other nutrients
like vitamins and minerals in their chains. As they
slowly break down, the other nutrients are also
released into your body, and can provide you with
fuel for a number of hours. Bad carbohydrates, on
the other hand, are simple sugars. Because their
structure is not complex, they are easy to break
down and _______________________________ for your body
other than the sugars from which they are made.
Your body breaks down these carbohydrates rather
quickly and what it cannot use is converted to fat
and stored in the body.
*carbohydrate: 탄수화물 **convert: 바꾸다
① provide foods rich in fiber
② make digestive enzymes
③ remove stressful factors
④ contain enough energy
⑤ hold few nutrients
유형 C ┃3월 40번┃
205. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?205)
To help decide what’s risky and what’s safe, who’s
trustworthy and who’s not, we look for social
evidence. From an evolutionary view, __________________
is almost always positive for our prospects of survival.
“If everyone’s doing it, it must be a sensible thing to
do,” explains famous psychologist and best selling
writer of Influence, Robert Cialdini. While we can
frequently see this today in product reviews, even
subtler cues within the environment can signal
trustworthiness. Consider this: when you visit a local
restaurant, are they busy? Is there a line outside or is
it easy to find a seat? It is a hassle to wait, but a
line can be a powerful cue that the food’s tasty, and
these seats are in demand. More often than not, it’s
good to adopt the practices of those around you.
*subtle: 미묘한 **hassle: 성가신 일
① following the group
② seeking opportunities
③ embracing uncertainty
④ rejecting universal belief
⑤ changing our inherited system
- 54 -
고1
독해형
유형 C ┃3월 39번┃
206. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?206)
People commonly make the mistaken assumption
that because a person has one type of characteristic,
then they automatically have other characteristics
which go with it. In one study, university students
were given descriptions of a guest lecturer before he
spoke to the group. Half the students received a
description containing the word ‘warm’, the other half
were told the speaker was ‘cold’. The guest lecturer
then led a discussion, after which the students were
asked to give their impressions of him. As expected,
there were large differences between the impressions
formed by the students, depending upon _____________
____________________ of the lecturer. It was also found
that those students who expected the lecturer to be
warm tended to interact with him more. This shows
that different expectations not only affect the
impressions we form but also our behaviour and the
relationship which is formed.
① expertise and effort
② appearance and behavior
③ their original information
④ reputation and qualification
⑤ their appraisal about lecture
예상문제
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
유형 C ┃3월 41-42번┃
207. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?207)
Chess masters shown a chess board in the middle
of a game for 5 seconds with 20 to 30 pieces still in
play can immediately reproduce the position of the
pieces from memory. Beginners, of course, are able to
place only a few. Now take the same pieces and
place them on the board randomly and the difference
is much reduced. The expert’s advantage is only for
familiar patterns — those previously stored in memory.
Faced with unfamiliar patterns, even when it involves
the same familiar domain, the expert’s advantage
disappears.
The beneficial effects of familiar structure on
memory have been observed for many types of
expertise, including music. People with musical
training can reproduce short sequences of musical
notation more accurately than those with no musical
training when notes _____________________________, but
the advantage is much reduced when the notes are
ordered randomly. Expertise also improves memory
for sequences of movements. Experienced ballet
dancers are able to repeat longer sequences of steps
than less experienced dancers, and they can repeat a
sequence of steps making up a routine better than
steps ordered randomly. In each case, memory range
is increased by the ability to recognize familiar
sequences and patterns.
① consist of high pitch
② are ambiguous and irregular
③ follow conventional sequences
④ are sophisticated and elaborate
⑤ are accompanied by cacophony
- 55 -
고1
독해형
유형 C ┃3월 43-45번┃
208. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?208)
Once upon a time, there was a king who lived in a
beautiful palace. While the king was away, a monster
approached the gates of the palace. The monster was
so ugly and smelly that the guards froze in shock. He
passed the guards and sat on the king’s throne. The
guards soon came to their senses, went in, and
shouted at the monster, demanding that he get off
the throne. With each bad word the guards used, the
monster grew more ugly and smelly. The guards got
even angrier — they began to brandish their swords
to scare the monster away from the palace. But he
just grew bigger and bigger, eventually taking up the
whole room. He grew more ugly and smelly than
ever. Eventually the king returned. He was wise and
kind and saw what was happening. He knew what to
do. He smiled and said to the monster, “Welcome to
my palace!” He asked the monster if he wanted a
cup of coffee. The monster began to grow smaller as
he drank the coffee. The king offered him some
take-out pizza and fries. The guards immediately
called for pizza. The monster continued to get smaller
with the king’s kind gestures. He then offered the
monster a full body massage. As the guards helped
with the relaxing massage, the monster became tiny.
With another act of _______________ to the monster, he
just disappeared.
*throne: 왕좌 **brandish: 휘두르다
① patience ② kindness ③ apathy
④ humility ⑤ humiliation
 예상문제
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
빈칸추론 (2)
유형 C ┃3월 18번┃
209. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?209)
To whom it may concern,
I am a resident of the Blue Sky Apartment. Recently
I observed that the kid zone is in need of repairs. I
want you to pay attention to the poor condition of
the playground equipment in the zone. The swings
are damaged, the paint is falling off, and some of
the bolts on the slide are missing. The facilities have
been in this terrible condition since we moved here.
They are dangerous to the children playing there.
_______________________________________ I would appreciate
your immediate attention to solve this matter.
Yours sincerely,
Nina Davis
① You need to close down the playground.
② Would you please have the facilities fixed?
③ Could you take them away as soon as possible?
④ I hope a large park is formed in the apartment
complex.
⑤ Parents should give their full attention to their
child in the playground.
┃3월 19번┃
유형 C
210. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?210)
On a two­week trip in the Rocky Mountains, I saw
a grizzly bear in its native habitat. At first, I felt joy
as I watched the bear walk across the land. He
stopped every once in a while to turn his head
about, sniffing deeply. He was following the scent of
something, and slowly I began to realize that ________
___________________________________! I froze. This was no
longer a wonderful experience; it was now an issue
of survival. The bear’s motivation was to find meat to
eat, and I was clearly on his menu.
*scent: 냄새
① the bear had marked its territory
② there was someone else near here
③ this giant animal was smelling me
④ the bear was trying to run away from me
⑤ the smell came from waste of other animals
- 56 -
고1
독해형
유형 C ┃3월 20번┃
211. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?211)
It is difficult for any of us to maintain a constant
level of attention throughout our working day. We all
have body rhythms characterised by peaks and valleys
of energy and alertness. You will achieve more, and
feel confident as a benefit, if you schedule your most
demanding tasks at times when ________________________
______________________. If you haven’t thought about
energy peaks before, take a few days to observe
yourself. Try to note the times when you are at your
best. We are all different. For some, the peak will
come first thing in the morning, but for others it
may take a while to warm up.
*alertness: 기민함
① they are due very soon
② you want to do the tasks
③ you can get help from others
④ you wake up early in the morning
⑤ you are best able to cope with them
유형 C ┃3월 26번┃
212. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?212)
Lilian Bland was born in Kent, England in 1878.
Unlike most other girls at the time she wore trousers
and spent her time enjoying adventurous activities
like horse riding and hunting. Lilian began her career
as a sports and wildlife photographer for British
newspapers. In 1910 she became the first woman to
______________________________________________. In order to
persuade her to try a slightly safer activity, Lilian’s
dad bought her a car. Soon Lilian was a master
driver and ended up working as a car dealer. She
never went back to flying but lived a long and
exciting life nonetheless. She married, moved to
Canada, and had a kid. Eventually, she moved back
to England, and lived there for the rest of her life.
① venture into space
② sail round the world
③ win first prize in the car racing
④ design, build, and fly her own airplane
⑤ establish and run the newspaper company
예상문제
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
유형 C ┃3월 21번┃
213. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?213)
If we adopt technology, we need to pay its costs.
Thousands of traditional livelihoods have been pushed
aside by progress, and the lifestyles around those
jobs removed. Hundreds of millions of humans today
work at jobs they hate, producing things they have
no love for. Sometimes these jobs cause physical
pain, disability, or chronic disease. Technology creates
many new jobs that are certainly dangerous. At the
same time, mass education and media train humans
to avoid low-tech physical work, to seek jobs working
in the digital world. The divorce of the hands from
the head _________________________________________________.
Indeed, the sedentary nature of the best-paying jobs
is a health risk — for body and mind.
*chronic: 만성의 **sedentary: 주로 앉아서 하는
① puts a stress on the human mind
② stresses the role of physical labor in our society
③ emphasizes the importance of accepting new
technology
④ makes us reconsider what we lose because of
technology
⑤ puts more stress on balance between technology
and lifestyles
- 57 -
고1
독해형
유형 C ┃3월 22번┃
214. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?214)
When students are starting their college life, they
may approach every course, test, or learning task the
same way, using what we like to call “the
rubber-stamp approach.” Think about it this way:
Would you wear a tuxedo to a baseball game? A
colorful dress to a funeral? A bathing suit to religious
services? Probably not. You know there’s appropriate
dress for different occasions and settings. Skillful
learners know that “putting on the same clothes”
won’t work for every class. They are flexible learners.
They ______________________________________________________.
They know that you study for multiple-choice tests
differently than you study for essay tests. And they
not only know what to do, but they also know how
to do it.
① use one strategy in multiple situations
② have different strategies and know when to use
them
③ start to study tests at least two weeks before the
acutal date
④ study subjects that are only beneficial in their
nearest future
⑤ make sure to evaluate their strategies after tests
to see whether they are effective or not
 예상문제
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
유형 C ┃3월 23번┃
215. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?215)
As the social and economic situation of countries
got better, wage levels and working conditions
improved. Gradually people were given more time off.
At the same time, forms of transport improved and it
_________________________________________________. England’s
industrial revolution led to many of these changes.
Railways, in the nineteenth century, opened up now
famous seaside resorts such as Blackpool and
Brighton. With the railways came many large hotels.
In Canada, for example, the new coast-to-coast
railway system made possible the building of such
famous hotels as Banff Springs and Chateau Lake
Louise in the Rockies. Later, the arrival of air
transport opened up more of the world and led to
tourism growth.
① promoted economic growth
② expedited the collapse of tourism
③ became faster and cheaper to get to places
④ made it possible to commute to work by car
⑤ contributed to building strong bonds between
companies and workers
- 58 -
고1
독해형
유형 C ┃3월 24번┃
216. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?216)
Success can ____________________________________. If you
are good at something and are well rewarded for
doing it, you may want to keep doing it even if you
stop enjoying it. The danger is that one day you look
around and realize you’re so deep in this comfortable
rut that you can no longer see the sun or breathe
fresh air; the sides of the rut have become so
slippery that it would take a superhuman effort to
climb out; and, effectively, you’re stuck. And it’s a
situation that many working people worry they’re in
now. The poor employment market has left them
feeling locked in what may be a secure, or even
well-paying — but ultimately unsatisfying — job.
*rut: 틀에 박힌 생활
① give up looking for better paying jobs
② secure your current happiness and satisfaction
③ make it possible to push you forward from your
comfort zone
④ lead you off your intended path and into a
comfortable rut
⑤ eventually bring unexpected consequences that
lead you to more satisfying situations
예상문제
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
유형 C ┃3월 29번┃
217. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?217)
___________________________________________________________
is that they can talk in human language. Physically,
animal cartoon characters and toys made after
animals are also most often deformed in such a way
as to resemble humans. This is achieved by showing
them with humanlike facial features and deformed
front legs to resemble human hands. In more recent
animated movies the trend has been to show the
animals in a more “natural” way. However, they still
use their front legs like human hands (for example,
lions can pick up and lift small objects with one
paw), and they still talk with an appropriate facial
expression. A general strategy that is used to make
the animal characters more emotionally appealing,
both to children and adults, is to give them enlarged
and deformed childlike features.
*deform: 변형하다 **paw: (동물의) 발
① The most humanlike aspect given to AI
② The most unreasonable description of aliens
③ The most childlike imagination that children use
for toys
④ The most wrong assumption that people make
about plants
⑤ The most noticeable human characteristic
projected onto animals
- 59 -
고1
독해형
유형 C ┃3월 30번┃
218. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?218)
The major philosophical shift in the idea of selling
came when industrial societies became more affluent,
more competitive, and more geographically spread
out during the 1940s and 1950s. This forced business
to develop closer relations with buyers and clients,
which in turn made business realize that it was not
enough to produce a quality product at a reasonable
price. In fact, it was equally essential to deliver
products that customers actually wanted. Henry Ford
produced his best-selling T-model Ford in one color
only (black) in 1908, but in modern societies this was
no longer possible. The modernization of society led
to a marketing revolution that destroyed the view
that production would create its own demand.
Customers, and __________________________________________,
became the focus of business.
*affluent: 부유한
① the process of dealing with their fussy complaints
② the desire to meet their diverse and often
complex needs
③ the production of the highest quality products
regardless of price
④ the prevention of competition among retailers
over the price of products
⑤ the development of marketing strategies to
promote the sale of products
 예상문제 고1 예상문제 고1
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형 2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C 유형 C

유형 C ┃3월 31번┃ 유형 C ┃3월 32번┃ 유형 C ┃3월 33번┃ 유형 C ┃3월 34번┃

219. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?219)
People differ in how quickly they can reset their
biological clocks to overcome jet lag, and the speed
of recovery depends on the direction of travel.
Generally, it’s easier to fly westward and lengthen
your day than it is to fly eastward and shorten it.
This east-west difference in jet lag is sizable enough
to have an impact on the performance of sports
teams. Studies have found that teams flying westward
perform significantly better than teams flying eastward
in professional baseball and college football. A more
recent study of more than 46,000 Major League
Baseball games found additional evidence that _______
_____________________________________________________.
*jet lag: 시차로 인한 피로감
① eastward travel is tougher than westward travel
② pitchers are more affected by jet lag than batters
③ Eastern-based teams generally perform better than
Western-based teams
④ the weather affects the players' performance more
than the time difference
⑤ players from the West recover from fatigue faster
than players from the East
220. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?220)
If you want the confidence that comes from
achieving what you set out to do each day, then it’s
important to understand how long things are going
to take. Over-optimism about what can be achieved
within a certain time frame is a problem. So work on
it. Make a practice of ___________________________________
alongside items on your ‘things to do’ list, and learn
by experience when tasks take a greater or lesser
time than expected. Give attention also to fitting the
task to the available time. There are some tasks that
you can only set about if you have a significant
amount of time available. There is no point in trying
to gear up for such a task when you only have a
short period available. So schedule the time you need
for the longer tasks and put the short tasks into the
spare moments in between.
*gear up: 준비를 갖추다, 대비하다
① assessing and marking the importance
② estimating the amount of time needed
③ writing the names of the people involved
④ writing down the most convenient way for each
⑤ calculating exactly the amount of money required
221. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?221)
In Lewis Carroll’s Through the Looking-Glass, the
Red Queen takes Alice on a race through the
countryside. They run and they run, but then Alice
discovers that they’re still under the same tree that
they started from. The Red Queen explains to Alice:
“here, you see, it takes all the running you can do,
to keep in the same place.” Biologists sometimes use
this Red Queen Effect to explain an evolutionary
principle. If foxes evolve to run faster so they can
catch more rabbits, then only the fastest rabbits will
live long enough to make a new generation of
bunnies that run even faster — in which case, of
course, ____________________________________________________
to thrive and pass on their genes. Even though they
might run, the two species just stay in place.
*thrive: 번성하다
① practically no species of fox will be left
② only the largest foxes will be strong enough
③ only the fastest foxes will catch enough rabbits
④ every species of fox, fast or slow, will further
prevail
⑤ only the lightest foxes will win the survival of the
fittest
222. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?222)
Everything in the world around us was finished in
the mind of its creator before it was started. The
houses we live in, the cars we drive, and our clothing
— all of these began with an idea. Each idea was
then studied, refined and perfected before the first
nail was driven or the first piece of cloth was cut.
Long before the idea was turned into a physical
reality, the mind had clearly pictured the finished
product. The human being designs his or her own
future through much the same process; ____________
___________________________________________________________.
Over a period of time we refine and perfect the
vision. Before long, our every thought, decision and
activity are all working in harmony to bring into
existence what we have mentally concluded about the
future.
*refine: 다듬다
① The human race is inherently indecisive.
② Human beings tend to jump to conclusions.
③ Humans are quick at thinking but slow at action.
④ We begin with an idea about how the future will
be.
⑤ We put our thoughts into practice first and then
reflect on them.

- 60 - - 61 -
 예상문제 고1 예상문제 고1
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형 2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C 유형 C

유형 C ┃3월 35번┃ 유형 C ┃3월 36번┃ 유형 C ┃3월 37번┃ 유형 C ┃3월 38번┃

223. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?223)
Whose story it is affects what the story is. Change
the main character, and the focus of the story must
also change. If we look at the events through
another character’s eyes, we will interpret them
differently. We’ll place our sympathies with someone
new. When the conflict arises that is the heart of the
story, _____________________________________________________.
Consider, for example, how the tale of Cinderella
would shift if told from the viewpoint of an evil
stepsister. Gone with the Wind is Scarlett O’Hara’s
story, but what if we were shown the same events
from the viewpoint of Rhett Butler or Melanie Wilkes?
*sympathy: 공감
① the conflict will work itself out
② we will be praying for a different outcome
③ we will be looking forward to a novel plot twist
④ our sympathies will still remain with the original
main character
⑤ we lose interest in the story and move on to
find someone else we can relate to
224. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?224)
In the Old Stone Age, small bands of 20 to 60
people wandered from place to place in search of
food. Once people began farming, they could settle
down near their farms. As a result, towns and villages
grew larger. Living in communities allowed people to
organize themselves more efficiently. They could _____
____________________________________________________________.
While some workers grew crops, others built new
houses and made tools. Village dwellers also learned
to work together to do a task faster. For example,
toolmakers could share the work of making stone
axes and knives. By working together, they could
make more tools in the same amount of time.
*dweller: 거주자
① divide up the work of producing food and other
things they needed
② develop new forms of art and expression to
represent their way of life
③ establish a system of government and leadership
to manage community affairs
④ create new social customs and traditions to
strengthen their sense of community
⑤ develop new religious beliefs and practices to
explain the mysteries of the world around them
225. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?225)
Natural processes form minerals in many ways. For
example, hot melted rock material, called magma,
cools when it reaches the Earth’s surface, or even if
it’s trapped below the surface. As magma cools, its
atoms lose heat energy, move closer together, and
begin to combine into compounds. During this
process, atoms of the different compounds arrange
themselves into orderly, repeating patterns. The type
and amount of elements present in a magma partly
determine which minerals will form. Also, the size of
the crystals that form depends partly on ______________
_____________________________________. When magma cools
slowly, the crystals that form are generally large
enough to see with the unaided eye. This is because
the atoms have enough time to move together and
form into larger crystals. When magma cools rapidly,
the crystals that form will be small. In such cases,
you can’t easily see individual mineral crystals.
*compound: 화합물
① how rapidly the magma cools
② what time of day the magma begins to cool
③ how fast the magma moves below the surface
④ how many times the cooling of the magma
happens
⑤ what type and amount of elements are in the
magma
226. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?226)
All carbohydrates are basically sugars. Complex
carbohydrates are the good carbohydrates for your
body. These complex sugar compounds are very
difficult to break down and can trap other nutrients
like vitamins and minerals in their chains. As they
slowly break down, the other nutrients are also
released into your body, and __________________________
______________________. Bad carbohydrates, on the other
hand, are simple sugars. Because their structure is not
complex, they are easy to break down and hold few
nutrients for your body other than the sugars from
which they are made. Your body breaks down these
carbohydrates rather quickly and what it cannot use
is converted to fat and stored in the body.
*carbohydrate: 탄수화물 **convert: 바꾸다
① interrupt digestion and absorption
② can deteriorate your immune system
③ may hinder you from feeling fuller for longer
④ can provide you with fuel for a number of hours
⑤ may rid a balanced meal of a healthy component

- 62 - - 63 -
 예상문제
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
유형 C ┃3월 39번┃
227. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?227)
People commonly make the mistaken assumption
that because a person has one type of characteristic,
then they automatically have other characteristics
which go with it. In one study, university students
were given descriptions of a guest lecturer before he
spoke to the group. Half the students received a
description containing the word ‘warm’, the other half
were told the speaker was ‘cold’. The guest lecturer
then led a discussion, after which the students were
asked to give their impressions of him. As expected,
there were large differences between the impressions
formed by the students, depending upon their
original information of the lecturer. It was also found
that those students who expected the lecturer to be
warm tended to interact with him more. This shows
that different expectations ______________________________
_________________________________.
① distort the way that the brain copes with various
facts
② have nothing to do with our perception and
cognition
③ weaken our attention mechanisms to pick out
certain things
④ don’t make perceptual judgements about a
certain type of person
⑤ affect our behaviour and the relationship which is
formed as well as the impressions we form
- 64 -
고1
독해형
유형 C ┃3월 41-42번┃
228. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?228)
Chess masters shown a chess board in the middle
of a game for 5 seconds with 20 to 30 pieces still in
play can immediately reproduce the position of the
pieces from memory. Beginners, of course, are able to
place only a few. Now take the same pieces and
place them on the board randomly and the difference
is much reduced. The expert’s advantage is only for
familiar patterns — those previously stored in memory.
Faced with unfamiliar patterns, even when it involves
the same familiar domain, the expert’s advantage
disappears.
The beneficial effects of familiar structure on
memory have been observed for many types of
expertise, including music. People with musical
training can reproduce short sequences of musical
notation more accurately than those with no musical
training when notes follow conventional sequences,
but the advantage is much reduced when the notes
are ordered randomly. Expertise also improves
memory for sequences of movements. Experienced
ballet dancers are able to repeat longer sequences of
steps than less experienced dancers, and they can
repeat a sequence of steps making up a routine
better than steps ordered randomly. In each case,
_______________________________________________________.
*expertise: 전문 지식 **sequence: 연속, 순서
***musical notation: 악보
① our working memory capacity has changed
② we are able to handle information efficiently
when we pursue novelty
③ committing information to long-term memory is a
different kind of challenge
④ many people find this explanation of memory
ability a little hard to believe
⑤ memory range is increased by the ability to
recognize familiar sequences and patterns
예상문제
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
유형 C ┃3월 40번┃
229. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?229)
To help decide what’s risky and what’s safe, who’s
trustworthy and who’s not, we look for social
evidence. From an evolutionary view, following the
group is almost always positive for our prospects of
survival. “If everyone’s doing it, it must be a sensible
thing to do,” explains famous psychologist and best
selling writer of Influence, Robert Cialdini. While we
can frequently see this today in product reviews, even
subtler cues within the environment can signal
trustworthiness. Consider this: when you visit a local
restaurant, are they busy? Is there a line outside or is
it easy to find a seat? It is a hassle to wait, but a
line can be a powerful cue that the food’s tasty, and
these seats are in demand. More often than not,
_____________________________________________.
*subtle: 미묘한 **hassle: 성가신 일
① people tend to see what they want to see
② numerical superiority is not always rational
③ we are unwilling to accept the collective knowledge
④ it’s wise to choose a path that no one else has
taken
⑤ it’s good to adopt the practices of those around
you
- 65 -
고1
독해형
유형 C ┃3월 41-42번┃
230. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?230)
Chess masters shown a chess board in the middle
of a game for 5 seconds with 20 to 30 pieces still in
play can immediately reproduce the position of the
pieces from memory. Beginners, of course, are able to
place only a few. Now take the same pieces and
place them on the board randomly and the difference
is much reduced. The expert’s advantage is only for
familiar patterns — those previously stored in memory.
Faced with unfamiliar patterns, even when it involves
the same familiar domain, the expert’s advantage
disappears.
______________________________________________ have been
observed for many types of expertise, including music.
People with musical training can reproduce short
sequences of musical notation more accurately than
those with no musical training when notes follow
conventional sequences, but the advantage is much
reduced when the notes are ordered randomly.
Expertise also improves memory for sequences of
movements. Experienced ballet dancers are able to
repeat longer sequences of steps than less
experienced dancers, and they can repeat a sequence
of steps making up a routine better than steps
ordered randomly. In each case, memory range is
increased by the ability to recognize familiar
sequences and patterns.
*expertise: 전문 지식 **sequence: 연속, 순서
***musical notation: 악보
① Ways to retrieve information from long-term
memory
② The beneficial effects of familiar structure on
memory
③ Various effects of chunking on the capacity of
working memory
④ Various effects of a specific gift or talent on
short-term memory
⑤ Products of a complex interaction between
biological endowment and experience
 예상문제
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
함축 의미 추론
233. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐputting on the same
유형 C ┃3월 19번┃
231. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐI was clearly on his menu
가 의미하는 바로 알맞은 것은?231)
On a two­week trip in the Rocky Mountains, I saw
a grizzly bear in its native habitat. At first, I felt joy
as I watched the bear walk across the land. He
stopped every once in a while to turn his head
about, sniffing deeply. He was following the scent of
something, and slowly I began to realize that this
giant animal was smelling me! I froze. This was no
longer a wonderful experience; it was now an issue
of survival. The bear’s motivation was to find meat to
eat, and ⓐI was clearly on his menu.
*scent: 냄새
① I was sure where we were on a map
② the bear must have been threatened by me
③ It was certain the bear was going to eat me
④ I knew well about a food source for the bear
⑤ I should have given the bear something to eat
유형 C ┃3월 33번┃
232. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐstay in place가 의미하는 바
로 알맞은 것은?232)
In Lewis Carroll’s Through the Looking-Glass, the
Red Queen takes Alice on a race through the
countryside. They run and they run, but then Alice
discovers that they’re still under the same tree that
they started from. The Red Queen explains to Alice:
“here, you see, it takes all the running you can do,
to keep in the same place.” Biologists sometimes use
this Red Queen Effect to explain an evolutionary
principle. If foxes evolve to run faster so they can
catch more rabbits, then only the fastest rabbits will
live long enough to make a new generation of
bunnies that run even faster. In this case, of course,
only the fastest foxes will catch enough rabbits to
thrive and pass on their genes. Even though they
might run, the two species just ⓐstay in place.
*thrive: 번성하다
① settle down in the common habitats
② end up at the same relative level of adaptation
③ run into each other along the evolutionary path
④ stay aware of each other’s evolutionary outcomes
⑤ develop identical characteristics in the evolutionary
process
- 66 -
고1
독해형
유형 C ┃3월 22번┃
clothes가 의미하는 바로 알맞은 것은?233)
When students are starting their college life, they
may approach every course, test, or learning task the
same way, using what we like to call “the
rubber-stamp approach.” Think about it this way:
Would you wear a tuxedo to a baseball game? A
colorful dress to a funeral? A bathing suit to religious
services? Probably not. You know there’s appropriate
dress for different occasions and settings. Skillful
learners know that “ⓐputting on the same clothes”
won’t work for every class. They are flexible learners.
They have different strategies and know when to use
them. They know that you study for multiple-choice
tests differently than you study for essay tests. And
they not only know what to do, but they also know
how to do it.
① avoiding applying too many strategies
② knowing when and what to study for tests
③ applying multiple strategies in a single situation
④ using the same strategy even for different
subjects or tests
⑤ repeating the same strategy when the similar
situation comes
예상문제
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
유형 C ┃3월 24번┃
234. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐsee the sun or breathe
fresh air이 의미하는 바로 알맞은 것은?234)
Success can lead you off your intended path and
into a comfortable rut. If you are good at something
and are well rewarded for doing it, you may want to
keep doing it even if you stop enjoying it. The
danger is that one day you look around and realize
you’re so deep in this comfortable rut that you can
no longer ⓐsee the sun or breathe fresh air; the
sides of the rut have become so slippery that it
would take a superhuman effort to climb out; and,
effectively, you’re stuck. And it’s a situation that many
working people worry they’re in now. The poor
employment market has left them feeling locked in
what may be a secure, or even well-paying — but
ultimately unsatisfying — job.
*rut: 틀에 박힌 생활
① avoid overstimulation
② strive for further development
③ realize the importance of nature
④ appreciate what is given to yourself
⑤ keep doing what you have been doing
- 67 -
고1
독해형
무관한 문장
유형 C ┃3월 20번┃
235. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 흐름상 관계없는 것은?235)
It is difficult for any of us to maintain a constant
level of attention throughout our working day. (A) We
all have body rhythms characterised by peaks and
valleys of energy and alertness. You will achieve more,
and feel confident as a benefit, if you schedule your
most demanding tasks at times when you are best
able to cope with them. (B) If you haven’t thought
about energy peaks before, take a few days to
observe yourself. (C) Try to note the times when you
are at your best. We are all different. (D) For some,
the peak will come first thing in the morning, but for
others it may take a while to warm up. (E) Actually,
early risers tend to be more energetic throughout the
day.
*alertness: 기민함
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
유형 C ┃3월 24번┃
236. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 흐름상 관계없는 것은236)
Success can lead you off your intended path and
into a comfortable rut. (A) If you are good at
something and are well rewarded for doing it, you
may want to keep doing it even if you stop enjoying
it. (B) The danger is that one day you look around
and realize you’re so deep in this comfortable rut
that you can no longer see the sun or breathe fresh
air; the sides of the rut have become so slippery that
it would take a superhuman effort to climb out; and,
effectively, you’re stuck. (C) And it’s a situation that many
working people worry they’re in now. (D) However, it is
too early to give up finding breakthrough in that
situation. (E) The poor employment market has left
them feeling locked in what may be a secure, or
even well-paying — but ultimately unsatisfying — job.
*rut: 틀에 박힌 생활
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
 예상문제
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
유형 C ┃3월 30번┃
237. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 흐름상 관계없는 것은?237)
The major philosophical shift in the idea of selling
came when industrial societies became more affluent,
more competitive, and more geographically spread
out during the 1940s and 1950s. (A) This forced
business to develop closer relations with buyers and
clients, which in turn made business realize that it
was not enough to produce a quality product at a
reasonable price. (B) In fact, it was equally essential to
deliver products that customers actually wanted.
(C) Henry Ford produced his best-selling T-model Ford
in one color only (black) in 1908, but in modern
societies this was no longer possible. The
modernization of society led to a marketing
revolution that destroyed the view that production
would create its own demand. (D) To some, this is an
indication of the potential of modernity, perhaps yet
to be fully realized. (E) Customers, and the desire to
meet their diverse and often complex needs, became
the focus of business.
*affluent: 부유한
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
유형 C ┃3월 31번┃
238. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 흐름상 관계없는 것은?238)
People differ in how quickly they can reset their
biological clocks to overcome jet lag, and the speed
of recovery depends on the direction of travel.
(A) Generally, it’s easier to fly westward and lengthen
your day than it is to fly eastward and shorten it.
(B) This east-west difference in jet lag is sizable
enough to have an impact on the performance of
sports teams. (C) Studies have found that teams flying
westward perform significantly better than teams
flying eastward in professional baseball and college
football. (D) Professional baseball is played in leagues
and associated farm teams throughout the world.
(E) A more recent study of more than 46,000 Major
League Baseball games found additional evidence that
eastward travel is tougher than westward travel.
*jet lag: 시차로 인한 피로감
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
- 68 -
고1
독해형
유형 C ┃3월 29번┃
239. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 흐름상 관계없는 것은?239)
The most noticeable human characteristic projected
onto animals is that they can talk in human
language. (A) Physically, animal cartoon characters and
toys made after animals are also most often
deformed in such a way as to resemble humans.
(B) This is achieved by showing them with humanlike
facial features and deformed front legs to resemble
human hands. (C) In more recent animated movies the
trend has been to show the animals in a more
“natural” way. However, they still use their front legs
like human hands (for example, lions can pick up and
lift small objects with one paw), and they still talk
with an appropriate facial expression. (D) A general
strategy that is used to make the animal characters
more emotionally appealing, both to children and
adults, is to give them enlarged and deformed
childlike features. (E) Animated movies are often
directed to, or appeal most to children, but easily can
be enjoyed by all.
*deform: 변형하다 **paw: (동물의) 발
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
유형 C ┃3월 32번┃
240. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 흐름상 관계없는 것은?240)
If you want the confidence that comes from
achieving what you set out to do each day, then it’s
important to understand how long things are going
to take. (A) Over-optimism about what can be
achieved within a certain time frame is a problem.
(B) One of the problems of over-optimism is that
people know more about themselves than they do
about others. So work on it. (C) Make a practice of
estimating the amount of time needed alongside
items on your ‘things to do’ list, and learn by
experience when tasks take a greater or lesser time
than expected. (D) Give attention also to fitting the
task to the available time. There are some tasks that
you can only set about if you have a significant
amount of time available. (E) There is no point in
trying to gear up for such a task when you only
have a short period available. So schedule the time
you need for the longer tasks and put the short
tasks into the spare moments in between.
*gear up: 준비를 갖추다, 대비하다
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
예상문제
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
유형 C ┃3월 33번┃
241. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 흐름상 관계없는 것은?241)
In Lewis Carroll’s Through the Looking-Glass, the
Red Queen takes Alice on a race through the
countryside. They run and they run, but then Alice
discovers that they’re still under the same tree that
they started from. The Red Queen explains to Alice:
“here, you see, it takes all the running you can do,
to keep in the same place.” (A) Biologists sometimes
use this Red Queen Effect to explain an evolutionary
principle. (B) If foxes evolve to run faster so they can
catch more rabbits, then only the fastest rabbits will
live long enough to make a new generation of
bunnies that run even faster. (C) In this case, of
course, only the fastest foxes will catch enough
rabbits to thrive and pass on their genes. (D) This is
why some species succeed in crossing the threshold
and thus achieving a comparative advantage over
others in the evolutionary process. (E) Even though
they might run, the two species just stay in place.
*thrive: 번성하다
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
유형 C ┃3월 34번┃
242. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 흐름상 관계없는 것은?242)
Everything in the world around us was finished in
the mind of its creator before it was started. The
houses we live in, the cars we drive, and our clothing
— all of these began with an idea. Each idea was
then studied, refined and perfected before the first
nail was driven or the first piece of cloth was cut.
(A) Long before the idea was turned into a physical
reality, the mind had clearly pictured the finished
product. (B) Virtual reality, on the other hand, allows
us to create immersive and interactive experiences
that blur the line between the physical and digital
worlds. (C) The human being designs his or her own
future through much the same process. (D) We begin
with an idea about how the future will be; over a
period of time we refine and perfect the vision.
(E) Before long, our every thought, decision and
activity are all working in harmony to bring into
existence what we have mentally concluded about the
future.
*refine: 다듬다
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
- 69 -
고1
독해형
유형 C ┃3월 36번┃
243. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 흐름상 관계없는 것은?243)
In the Old Stone Age, small bands of 20 to 60
people wandered from place to place in search of
food. Once people began farming, they could settle
down near their farms. As a result, towns and villages
grew larger. Living in communities allowed people to
organize themselves more efficiently. They could
divide up the work of producing food and other
things they needed. (A) While some workers grew
crops, others built new houses and made tools.
(B) Village dwellers also learned to work together to
do a task faster. (C) For example, toolmakers could
share the work of making stone axes and knives.
(D) Stone axes and knives were of great importance
in early human communities since they were essential
and durable tools used for tasks such as butchering
animals and cutting wood. (E) By working together,
they could make more tools in the same amount of
time. *dweller: 거주자
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
유형 C ┃3월 37번┃
244. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 흐름상 관계없는 것은?244)
Natural processes form minerals in many ways. For
example, hot melted rock material, called magma,
cools when it reaches the Earth’s surface, or even if
it’s trapped below the surface. As magma cools, its
atoms lose heat energy, move closer together, and
begin to combine into compounds. During this
process, atoms of the different compounds arrange
themselves into orderly, repeating patterns. The type
and amount of elements present in a magma partly
determine which minerals will form. Also, the size of
the crystals that form depends partly on how rapidly
the magma cools. (A) When magma cools slowly, the
crystals that form are generally large enough to see
with the unaided eye. (B) Observing with the naked
eye can be convenient and immediate, but it may not
allow for detailed examination and may be limited by
the observer's vision. (C) This is because the atoms
have enough time to move together and form into
larger crystals. (D) When magma cools rapidly, the
crystals that form will be small. (E) In such cases, you
can’t easily see individual mineral crystals.
*compound: 화합물
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
 예상문제
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
유형 C ┃3월 38번┃
245. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 흐름상 관계없는 것은?245)
All carbohydrates are basically sugars. Complex
carbohydrates are the good carbohydrates for your
body. These complex sugar compounds are very
difficult to break down and can trap other nutrients
like vitamins and minerals in their chains. (A) As they
slowly break down, the other nutrients are also
released into your body, and can provide you with
fuel for a number of hours. (B) Bad carbohydrates, on
the other hand, are simple sugars. (C) Because their
structure is not complex, they are easy to break
down and hold few nutrients for your body other
than the sugars from which they are made. (D) One
easy way to find out if a food contains a lot of
simple carbohydrates is to check the amount of
added sugars it contains. (E) Your body breaks down
these carbohydrates rather quickly and what it cannot
use is converted to fat and stored in the body.
*carbohydrate: 탄수화물 **convert: 바꾸다
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
유형 C ┃3월 39번┃
246. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 흐름상 관계없는 것은?246)
People commonly make the mistaken assumption
that because a person has one type of characteristic,
then they automatically have other characteristics
which go with it. In one study, university students
were given descriptions of a guest lecturer before he
spoke to the group. Half the students received a
description containing the word ‘warm’, the other half
were told the speaker was ‘cold’. (A) The guest
lecturer then led a discussion, after which the
students were asked to give their impressions of him.
(B) As expected, there were large differences between
the impressions formed by the students, depending
upon their original information of the lecturer. (C) It
was also found that those students who expected the
lecturer to be warm tended to interact with him
more. (D) Perceptual sets may be produced by
previous experience leading to familiarity and
expectation, and also by motivational or emotional
states. (E) This shows that different expectations not
only affect the impressions we form but also our
behaviour and the relationship which is formed.
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
- 70 -
고1
독해형
유형 C ┃3월 40번┃
247. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 흐름상 관계없는 것은?247)
To help decide what’s risky and what’s safe, who’s
trustworthy and who’s not, we look for social
evidence. From an evolutionary view, following the
group is almost always positive for our prospects of
survival. (A) “If everyone’s doing it, it must be a
sensible thing to do,” explains famous psychologist
and best selling writer of Influence, Robert Cialdini.
(B) While we can frequently see this today in product
reviews, even subtler cues within the environment can
signal trustworthiness. (C) The natural environment
holds crucial clues of trusted and safe routes, often
signalled by prominent landmarks or existing trails.
(D) Consider this: when you visit a local restaurant,
are they busy? Is there a line outside or is it easy to
find a seat? It is a hassle to wait, but a line can be
a powerful cue that the food’s tasty, and these seats
are in demand. (E) More often than not, it’s good to
adopt the practices of those around you.
*subtle: 미묘한 **hassle: 성가신 일
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
예상문제 고1
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
유형 C ┃3월 41-42번┃[지문편집] 글의 순서
248. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 흐름상 관계없는 것은?248)
The expert’s advantage is only for familiar patterns 유형 C ┃3월 18번┃
— those previously stored in memory. Faced with
unfamiliar patterns, even when it involves the same 249. 다음 주어진 글에 이어질 순서로 알맞은 것은?249)
familiar domain, the expert’s advantage disappears. To whom it may concern,
(A) The beneficial effects of familiar structure on I am a resident of the Blue Sky Apartment.
memory have been observed for many types of
expertise, including music. (B) People with musical (A) Would you please have them repaired? I would
training can reproduce short sequences of musical appreciate your immediate attention to solve this
notation more accurately than those with no musical matter.
training when notes follow conventional sequences, (B) The swings are damaged, the paint is falling off,
but the advantage is much reduced when the notes and some of the bolts on the slide are missing.
are ordered randomly. (C) It is therefore necessary for The facilities have been in this terrible condition
the auditory system to integrate the sequentially since we moved here. They are dangerous to the
ordered sounds into a coherent musical perception. children playing there.
(D) Expertise also improves memory for sequences of (C) Recently I observed that the kid zone is in need
movements; experienced ballet dancers are able to of repairs. I want you to pay attention to the
repeat longer sequences of steps than less poor condition of the playground equipment in
experienced dancers, and they can repeat a sequence the zone.
of steps making up a routine better than steps
ordered randomly. (E) In each case, memory range is Yours sincerely,
increased by the ability to recognize familiar Nina Davis
sequences and patterns.
*expertise: 전문 지식 **sequence: 연속, 순서 ① (A)-(C)-(B) ② (B)-(A)-(C) ③ (B)-(C)-(A)
***musical notation: 악보
④ (C)-(A)-(B) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
┃3월 19번┃
유형 C
250. 다음 주어진 글에 이어질 순서로 알맞은 것은?250)
On a two­week trip in the Rocky Mountains, I saw
a grizzly bear in its native habitat.
(A) He was following the scent of something, and
slowly I began to realize that this giant animal
was smelling me! I froze.
(B) At first, I felt joy as I watched the bear walk
across the land. He stopped every once in a
while to turn his head about, sniffing deeply.
(C) This was no longer a wonderful experience; it was
now an issue of survival. The bear’s motivation
was to find meat to eat, and I was clearly on his
menu.
*scent: 냄새
① (A)-(B)-(C) ② (A)-(C)-(B) ③ (B)-(A)-(C)
④ (B)-(C)-(A) ⑤ (C)-(A)-(B)
- 71 -
 예상문제
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
유형 C ┃3월 21번┃
251. 다음 주어진 글에 이어질 순서로 알맞은 것은?251)
If we adopt technology, we need to pay its costs.
(A) The divorce of the hands from the head puts a
stress on the human mind. Indeed, the
sedentary nature of the best-paying jobs is a
health risk — for body and mind.
(B) Thousands of traditional livelihoods have been
pushed aside by progress, and the lifestyles
around those jobs removed. Hundreds of
millions of humans today work at jobs they
hate, producing things they have no love for.
(C) Sometimes these jobs cause physical pain,
disability, or chronic disease. Technology creates
many new jobs that are certainly dangerous. At
the same time, mass education and media train
humans to avoid low-tech physical work, to
seek jobs working in the digital world.
*chronic: 만성의 **sedentary: 주로 앉아서 하는
① (A)-(C)-(B) ② (B)-(A)-(C) ③ (B)-(C)-(A)
④ (B)-(A)-(C) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)
유형 C ┃3월 22번┃
252. 다음 주어진 글에 이어질 순서로 알맞은 것은?252)
When students are starting their college life, they
may approach every course, test, or learning task the
same way, using what we like to call “the
rubber-stamp approach.”
(A) They have different strategies and know when to
use them. They know that you study for
multiple-choice tests differently than you study
for essay tests. And they not only know what to
do, but they also know how to do it.
(B) Think about it this way: Would you wear a
tuxedo to a baseball game? A colorful dress to
a funeral? A bathing suit to religious services?
Probably not.
(C) You know there’s appropriate dress for different
occasions and settings. Skillful learners know
that “putting on the same clothes” won’t work
for every class. They are flexible learners.
① (A)-(C)-(B) ② (B)-(A)-(C) ③ (B)-(C)-(A)
④ (C)-(A)-(B) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)
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고1
독해형
유형 C ┃3월 23번┃
253. 다음 주어진 글에 이어질 순서로 알맞은 것은?253)
As the social and economic situation of countries
got better, wage levels and working conditions
improved.
(A) England’s industrial revolution led to many of
these changes. Railways, in the nineteenth
century, opened up now famous seaside resorts
such as Blackpool and Brighton. With the
railways came many large hotels.
(B) In Canada, for example, the new coast-to-coast
railway system made possible the building of
such famous hotels as Banff Springs and
Chateau Lake Louise in the Rockies. Later, the
arrival of air transport opened up more of the
world and led to tourism growth.
(C) Gradually people were given more time off. At
the same time, forms of transport improved and
it became faster and cheaper to get to places.
① (A)-(C)-(B) ② (B)-(A)-(C) ③ (B)-(C)-(A)
④ (C)-(A)-(B) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)
예상문제
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
유형 C ┃3월 24번┃
254. 다음 주어진 글에 이어질 순서로 알맞은 것은?254)
Success can lead you off your intended path and
into a comfortable rut.
(A) And it’s a situation that many working people
worry they’re in now. The poor employment
market has left them feeling locked in what
may be a secure, or even well-paying — but
ultimately unsatisfying — job.
(B) The danger is that one day you look around
and realize you’re so deep in this comfortable
rut that you can no longer see the sun or
breathe fresh air; the sides of the rut have
become so slippery that it would take a
superhuman effort to climb out; and, effectively,
you’re stuck.
(C) If you are good at something and are well
rewarded for doing it, you may want to keep
doing it even if you stop enjoying it.
*rut: 틀에 박힌 생활
① (A)-(C)-(B) ② (B)-(A)-(C) ③ (B)-(C)-(A)
④ (C)-(A)-(B) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)
- 73 -
고1
독해형
유형 C ┃3월 26번┃
255. 다음 주어진 글에 이어질 순서로 알맞은 것은?255)
Lilian Bland was born in Kent, England in 1878.
(A) In order to persuade her to try a slightly safer
activity, Lilian’s dad bought her a car. Soon Lilian
was a master driver and ended up working as a
car dealer.
(B) She never went back to flying but lived a long
and exciting life nonetheless. She married, moved
to Canada, and had a kid. Eventually, she moved
back to England, and lived there for the rest of
her life.
(C) Unlike most other girls at the time she wore
trousers and spent her time enjoying adventurous
activities like horse riding and hunting. Lilian
began her career as a sports and wildlife
photographer for British newspapers. In 1910 she
became the first woman to design, build, and fly
her own airplane.
① (A)-(B)-(C) ② (A)-(C)-(B) ③ (B)-(A)-(C)
④ (C)-(A)-(B) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)
유형 C ┃3월 31번┃
256. 다음 주어진 글에 이어질 순서로 알맞은 것은?256)
People differ in how quickly they can reset their
biological clocks to overcome jet lag, and the speed
of recovery depends on the direction of travel.
(A) Studies have found that teams flying westward
perform significantly better than teams flying
eastward in professional baseball and college
football.
(B) A more recent study of more than 46,000 Major
League Baseball games found additional evidence
that eastward travel is tougher than westward
travel.
(C) Generally, it’s easier to fly westward and lengthen
your day than it is to fly eastward and shorten it.
This east-west difference in jet lag is sizable
enough to have an impact on the performance of
sports teams.
*jet lag: 시차로 인한 피로감
① (A)-(C)-(B) ② (B)-(A)-(C) ③ (B)-(C)-(A)
④ (C)-(A)-(B) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)
 예상문제
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
유형 C ┃3월 35번┃
257. 다음 주어진 글에 이어질 순서로 알맞은 것은?257)
Whose story it is affects what the story is. Change
the main character, and the focus of the story must
also change.
(A) Consider, for example, how the tale of Cinderella
would shift if told from the viewpoint of an evil
stepsister.
(B) If we look at the events through another
character’s eyes, we will interpret them
differently. We’ll place our sympathies with
someone new. When the conflict arises that is
the heart of the story, we will be praying for a
different outcome.
(C) Gone with the Wind is Scarlett O’Hara’s story, but
what if we were shown the same events from the
viewpoint of Rhett Butler or Melanie Wilkes?
*sympathy: 공감
① (A)-(C)-(B) ② (B)-(A)-(C) ③ (B)-(C)-(A)
④ (C)-(A)-(B) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)
유형 C ┃3월 38번┃
258. 다음 주어진 글에 이어질 순서로 알맞은 것은?258)
All carbohydrates are basically sugars. Complex
carbohydrates are the good carbohydrates for your
body.
(A) Bad carbohydrates, on the other hand, are
simple sugars. Because their structure is not
complex, they are easy to break down and
hold few nutrients for your body other than
the sugars from which they are made.
(B) These complex sugar compounds are very
difficult to break down and can trap other
nutrients like vitamins and minerals in their
chains. As they slowly break down, the other
nutrients are also released into your body, and
can provide you with fuel for a number of
hours.
(C) Your body breaks down these carbohydrates
rather quickly and what it cannot use is
converted to fat and stored in the body.
*carbohydrate: 탄수화물 **convert: 바꾸다
① (A)-(C)-(B) ② (B)-(A)-(C) ③ (B)-(C)-(A)
④ (C)-(A)-(B) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)
- 74 -
고1
독해형
유형 C ┃3월 39번┃
259. 다음 주어진 글에 이어질 순서로 알맞은 것은?259)
People commonly make the mistaken assumption
that because a person has one type of characteristic,
then they automatically have other characteristics
which go with it.
(A) It was also found that those students who
expected the lecturer to be warm tended to
interact with him more. This shows that
different expectations not only affect the
impressions we form but also our behaviour
and the relationship which is formed.
(B) The guest lecturer then led a discussion, after
which the students were asked to give their
impressions of him. As expected, there were
large differences between the impressions
formed by the students, depending upon their
original information of the lecturer.
(C) In one study, university students were given
descriptions of a guest lecturer before he spoke
to the group. Half the students received a
description containing the word ‘warm’, the
other half were told the speaker was ‘cold’.
① (A)-(C)-(B) ② (B)-(A)-(C) ③ (B)-(C)-(A)
④ (C)-(A)-(B) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)
예상문제
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
유형 C ┃3월 40번┃
260. 다음 주어진 글에 이어질 순서로 알맞은 것은?260)
To help decide what’s risky and what’s safe, who’s
trustworthy and who’s not, we look for social
evidence.
(A) While we can frequently see this today in
product reviews, even subtler cues within the
environment can signal trustworthiness.
(B) Consider this: when you visit a local restaurant,
are they busy? Is there a line outside or is it
easy to find a seat? It is a hassle to wait, but a
line can be a powerful cue that the food’s tasty,
and these seats are in demand. More often than
not, it’s good to adopt the practices of those
around you.
(C) From an evolutionary view, following the group
is almost always positive for our prospects of
survival. “If everyone’s doing it, it must be a
sensible thing to do,” explains famous
psychologist and best selling writer of Influence,
Robert Cialdini.
*subtle: 미묘한 **hassle: 성가신 일
① (A)-(C)-(B) ② (B)-(A)-(C) ③ (B)-(C)-(A)
④ (C)-(A)-(B) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)
- 75 -
고1
독해형
유형 C ┃3월 41-42번┃
261. 다음 주어진 글에 이어질 순서로 알맞은 것은?261)
Chess masters shown a chess board in the middle
of a game for 5 seconds with 20 to 30 pieces still in
play can immediately reproduce the position of the
pieces from memory. Beginners, of course, are able to
place only a few.
(A) Expertise also improves memory for sequences
of movements. Experienced ballet dancers are
able to repeat longer sequences of steps than
less experienced dancers, and they can repeat a
sequence of steps making up a routine better
than steps ordered randomly. In each case,
memory range is increased by the ability to
recognize familiar sequences and patterns.
(B) Now take the same pieces and place them on
the board randomly and the difference is much
reduced. The expert’s advantage is only for
familiar patterns — those previously stored in
memory. Faced with unfamiliar patterns, even
when it involves the same familiar domain, the
expert’s advantage disappears.
(C) The beneficial effects of familiar structure on
memory have been observed for many types of
expertise, including music. People with musical
training can reproduce short sequences of
musical notation more accurately than those
with no musical training when notes follow
conventional sequences, but the advantage is
much reduced when the notes are ordered
randomly.
*expertise: 전문 지식 **sequence: 연속, 순서
***musical notation: 악보
① (A)-(C)-(B) ② (B)-(A)-(C) ③ (B)-(C)-(A)
④ (C)-(A)-(B) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)
 예상문제 고1
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
문장 삽입 유형 C ┃3월 20번┃
264. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 주어진 문장이 들어갈 알맞은
곳은?264)
유형 C ┃3월 18번┃
Then you will achieve more, and feel confident as a
262. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 주어진 문장이 들어갈 알맞은 benefit.
곳은?262)
They are dangerous to the children playing there. It is difficult for any of us to maintain a constant
level of attention throughout our working day. (A)
To whom it may concern, We all have body rhythms characterised by peaks and
I am a resident of the Blue Sky Apartment. (A) valleys of energy and alertness. (B) Schedule your
Recently I observed that the kid zone is in need of most demanding tasks at times when you are best
repairs. (B) I want you to pay attention to the poor able to cope with them. (C) If you haven’t thought
condition of the playground equipment in the zone. about energy peaks before, take a few days to
(C) The swings are damaged, the paint is falling off, observe yourself. (D) Try to note the times when you
and some of the bolts on the slide are missing. The are at your best. We are all different. (E) For some,
facilities have been in this terrible condition since we the peak will come first thing in the morning, but for
moved here. (D) Would you please have them others it may take a while to warm up.
repaired? I would appreciate your immediate attention *alertness: 기민함
to solve this matter. (E)
Yours sincerely, ① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
Nina Davis
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
유형 C ┃3월 21번┃
265. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 주어진 문장이 들어갈 알맞은
곳은?265)
At the same time, mass education and media train
유형 C ┃3월 19번┃
humans to avoid low-tech physical work, to seek
263. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 주어진 문장이 들어갈 알맞은 jobs working in the digital world.
곳은?263)
He stopped every once in a while to turn his head If we adopt technology, we need to pay its costs.
about, sniffing deeply. (A) Thousands of traditional livelihoods have been
pushed aside by progress, and the lifestyles around
On a two­week trip in the Rocky Mountains, I saw those jobs removed. (B) Hundreds of millions of
a grizzly bear in its native habitat. (A) At first, I felt humans today work at jobs they hate, producing
joy as I watched the bear walk across the land. (B) things they have no love for. (C) Sometimes these
He was following the scent of something, and slowly jobs cause physical pain, disability, or chronic disease.
I began to realize that this giant animal was smelling Technology creates many new jobs that are certainly
me! I froze. (C) This was no longer a wonderful dangerous. (D) The divorce of the hands from the
experience; it was now an issue of survival. (D) The head puts a stress on the human mind. (E) Indeed,
bear’s motivation was to find meat to eat, and I was the sedentary nature of the best-paying jobs is a
clearly on his menu. (E) health risk — for body and mind.
*scent: 냄새 *chronic: 만성의 **sedentary: 주로 앉아서 하는
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E) ① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
- 76 -
예상문제
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
유형 C ┃3월 22번┃
266. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 주어진 문장이 들어갈 알맞은
곳은?266)
Skillful learners know that “putting on the same
clothes” won’t work for every class.
When students are starting their college life, they
may approach every course, test, or learning task the
same way, using what we like to call “the
rubber-stamp approach.” Think about it this way:
Would you wear a tuxedo to a baseball game? A
colorful dress to a funeral? A bathing suit to religious
services? (A) Probably not. (B) You know there’s
appropriate dress for different occasions and settings.
(C) They are flexible learners. (D) They have different
strategies and know when to use them. (E) They
know that you study for multiple-choice tests
differently than you study for essay tests. And they
not only know what to do, but they also know how
to do it.
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
┃3월 23번┃
유형 C
267. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 주어진 문장이 들어갈 알맞은
곳은?267)
At the same time, forms of transport improved and
it became faster and cheaper to get to places.
As the social and economic situation of countries
got better, wage levels and working conditions
improved. (A) Gradually people were given more time
off. (B) England’s industrial revolution led to many of
these changes. (C) Railways, in the nineteenth century,
opened up now famous seaside resorts such as
Blackpool and Brighton. (D) With the railways came
many large hotels. (E) In Canada, for example, the
new coast-to-coast railway system made possible the
building of such famous hotels as Banff Springs and
Chateau Lake Louise in the Rockies. Later, the arrival
of air transport opened up more of the world and
led to tourism growth.
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
- 77 -
고1
독해형
유형 C ┃3월 26번┃
268. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 주어진 문장이 들어갈 알맞은
곳은?268)
Soon Lilian was a master driver and ended up
working as a car dealer.
Lilian Bland was born in Kent, England in 1878.
Unlike most other girls at the time she wore trousers
and spent her time enjoying adventurous activities
like horse riding and hunting. (A) Lilian began her
career as a sports and wildlife photographer for
British newspapers. In 1910 she became the first
woman to design, build, and fly her own airplane. (B)
In order to persuade her to try a slightly safer
activity, Lilian’s dad bought her a car. (C) She never
went back to flying but lived a long and exciting life
nonetheless. (D) She married, moved to Canada, and
had a kid. (E) Eventually, she moved back to England,
and lived there for the rest of her life.
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
유형 C ┃3월 29번┃
269. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 주어진 문장이 들어갈 알맞은
곳은?269)
This is achieved by showing them with humanlike
facial features and deformed front legs to resemble
human hands.
The most noticeable human characteristic projected
onto animals is that they can talk in human
language. (A) Physically, animal cartoon characters and
toys made after animals are also most often
deformed in such a way as to resemble humans. (B)
In more recent animated movies the trend has been
to show the animals in a more “natural” way. (C)
However, they still use their front legs like human
hands (for example, lions can pick up and lift small
objects with one paw), and they still talk with an
appropriate facial expression. (D) A general strategy
that is used to make the animal characters more
emotionally appealing, both to children and adults, is
to give them enlarged and deformed childlike
features. (E)
*deform: 변형하다 **paw: (동물의) 발
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
 예상문제
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
유형 C ┃3월 30번┃
270. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 주어진 문장이 들어갈 알맞은
곳은?270)
In fact, it was equally essential to deliver products
that customers actually wanted.
The major philosophical shift in the idea of selling
came when industrial societies became more affluent,
more competitive, and more geographically spread
out during the 1940s and 1950s. (A) This forced
business to develop closer relations with buyers and
clients, which in turn made business realize that it
was not enough to produce a quality product at a
reasonable price. (B) Henry Ford produced his
best-selling T-model Ford in one color only (black) in
1908, but in modern societies this was no longer
possible. (C) The modernization of society led to a
marketing revolution that destroyed the view that
production would create its own demand. (D)
Customers, and the desire to meet their diverse and
often complex needs, became the focus of business.
(E) *affluent: 부유한
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
유형 C ┃3월 32번┃
271. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 주어진 문장이 들어갈 알맞은
곳은?271)
There is no point in trying to gear up for such a
task when you only have a short period available.
If you want the confidence that comes from
achieving what you set out to do each day, then it’s
important to understand how long things are going
to take. Over-optimism about what can be achieved
within a certain time frame is a problem. So work on
it. (A) Make a practice of estimating the amount of
time needed alongside items on your ‘things to do’
list, and learn by experience when tasks take a
greater or lesser time than expected. (B) Give
attention also to fitting the task to the available time.
(C) There are some tasks that you can only set about
if you have a significant amount of time available. (D)
So schedule the time you need for the longer tasks
and put the short tasks into the spare moments in
between. (E) *gear up: 준비를 갖추다, 대비하다
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
- 78 -
고1
독해형
유형 C ┃3월 33번┃
272. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 주어진 문장이 들어갈 알맞은
곳은?272)
Biologists sometimes use this Red Queen Effect to
explain an evolutionary principle.
In Lewis Carroll’s Through the Looking-Glass, the
Red Queen takes Alice on a race through the
countryside. (A) They run and they run, but then
Alice discovers that they’re still under the same tree
that they started from. (B) The Red Queen explains to
Alice: “here, you see, it takes all the running you can
do, to keep in the same place.” (C) If foxes evolve to
run faster so they can catch more rabbits, then only
the fastest rabbits will live long enough to make a
new generation of bunnies that run even faster. (D)
In this case, of course, only the fastest foxes will
catch enough rabbits to thrive and pass on their
genes. (E) Even though they might run, the two
species just stay in place.
*thrive: 번성하다
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
유형 C ┃3월 34번┃
273. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 주어진 문장이 들어갈 알맞은
곳은?273)
We begin with an idea about how the future will
be; over a period of time we refine and perfect the
vision.
Everything in the world around us was finished in
the mind of its creator before it was started. (A) The
houses we live in, the cars we drive, and our clothing
— all of these began with an idea. (B) Each idea was
then studied, refined and perfected before the first
nail was driven or the first piece of cloth was cut. (C)
Long before the idea was turned into a physical
reality, the mind had clearly pictured the finished
product. (D) The human being designs his or her own
future through much the same process. (E) Before
long, our every thought, decision and activity are all
working in harmony to bring into existence what we
have mentally concluded about the future.
*refine: 다듬다
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
예상문제 고1
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
유형 C ┃3월 35번┃ 유형 C ┃3월 37번┃
274. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 주어진 문장이 들어갈 알맞은 276. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 주어진 문장이 들어갈 알맞은
곳은?274) 곳은?276)
Consider, for example, how the tale of Cinderella This is because the atoms have enough time to
would shift if told from the viewpoint of an evil move together and form into larger crystals.
stepsister.
Natural processes form minerals in many ways. For
Whose story it is affects what the story is. (A) example, hot melted rock material, called magma,
Change the main character, and the focus of the cools when it reaches the Earth’s surface, or even if
story must also change. (B) If we look at the events it’s trapped below the surface. As magma cools, its
through another character’s eyes, we will interpret atoms lose heat energy, move closer together, and
them differently. (C) We’ll place our sympathies with begin to combine into compounds. During this
someone new. (D) When the conflict arises that is the process, atoms of the different compounds arrange
heart of the story, we will be praying for a different themselves into orderly, repeating patterns. (A) The
outcome. (E) Gone with the Wind is Scarlett O’Hara’s type and amount of elements present in a magma
story, but what if we were shown the same events partly determine which minerals will form. (B) Also,
from the viewpoint of Rhett Butler or Melanie Wilkes? the size of the crystals that form depends partly on
*sympathy: 공감 how rapidly the magma cools. (C) When magma
cools slowly, the crystals that form are generally large
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E) enough to see with the unaided eye. (D) When
magma cools rapidly, the crystals that form will be
small. (E) In such cases, you can’t easily see individual
mineral crystals.
*compound: 화합물
유형 C ┃3월 36번┃
275. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 주어진 문장이 들어갈 알맞은 ① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
곳은?275)
For example, toolmakers could share the work of
making stone axes and knives.
In the Old Stone Age, small bands of 20 to 60
people wandered from place to place in search of
food. Once people began farming, they could settle
down near their farms. (A) As a result, towns and
villages grew larger. Living in communities allowed
people to organize themselves more efficiently. (B)
They could divide up the work of producing food
and other things they needed. (C) While some
workers grew crops, others built new houses and
made tools. (D) Village dwellers also learned to work
together to do a task faster. (E) By working together,
they could make more tools in the same amount of
time.
*dweller: 거주자
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
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 예상문제 고1 예상문제 고1
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형 2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C 유형 C

유형 C ┃3월 40번┃ 유형 C ┃3월 41-42번┃[지문편집] 요약문 완성 유형 C ┃3월 20번┃

277. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 주어진 문장이 들어갈 알맞은 278. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 주어진 문장이 들어갈 알맞은 280. 다음 글을 아래와 같이 요약할 때, 빈칸 (A), (B)에
곳은?277) 곳은?278) 들어갈 말로 알맞게 연결된 것은?280)
유형 C ┃3월 18번┃
While we can frequently see this today in product Expertise also improves memory for sequences of It is difficult for any of us to maintain a constant
reviews, even subtler cues within the environment movements. 279. 다음 글을 아래와 같이 요약할 때, 빈칸 (A), (B)에 level of attention throughout our working day. We all
들어갈 말로 알맞게 연결된 것은?279) have body rhythms characterised by peaks and valleys
can signal trustworthiness.
Now take the same pieces and place them on the To whom it may concern, of energy and alertness. You will achieve more, and
To help decide what’s risky and what’s safe, who’s board randomly and the difference is much reduced. I am a resident of the Blue Sky Apartment. Recently feel confident as a benefit, if you schedule your most
trustworthy and who’s not, we look for social The expert’s advantage is only for familiar patterns — I observed that the kid zone is in need of repairs. I demanding tasks at times when you are best able to
evidence. (A) From an evolutionary view, following the those previously stored in memory. (A) Faced with want you to pay attention to the poor condition of cope with them. If you haven’t thought about energy
group is almost always positive for our prospects of unfamiliar patterns, even when it involves the same the playground equipment in the zone. The swings peaks before, take a few days to observe yourself. Try
survival. (B) “If everyone’s doing it, it must be a familiar domain, the expert’s advantage disappears. (B) are damaged, the paint is falling off, and some of to note the times when you are at your best. We are
sensible thing to do,” explains famous psychologist The beneficial effects of familiar structure on memory the bolts on the slide are missing. The facilities have all different. For some, the peak will come first thing
and best selling writer of Influence, Robert Cialdini. have been observed for many types of expertise, been in this terrible condition since we moved here. in the morning, but for others it may take a while to
(C) Consider this: when you visit a local restaurant, including music. (C) People with musical training can They are dangerous to the children playing there. warm up.
reproduce short sequences of musical notation more Would you please have them repaired? I would *alertness: 기민함
are they busy? Is there a line outside or is it easy to
appreciate your immediate attention to solve this 
find a seat? It is a hassle to wait, but a line can be accurately than those with no musical training when
notes follow conventional sequences, but the matter. We all have different body rhythms, and it is
a powerful cue that the food’s tasty, and these seats
are in demand. (D) More often than not, it’s good to advantage is much reduced when the notes are Yours sincerely, natural that we can’t concentrate on work all day,
adopt the practices of those around you. (E) That is, ordered randomly. (D) Experienced ballet dancers are Nina Davis so it is (A)_____________ to deal with the most
social proof helps to tell us that it’s a restaurant that able to repeat longer sequences of steps than less  difficult tasks while your energy level is
is safe and worth visiting. experienced dancers, and they can repeat a sequence Nina Davis, A resident of the Blue Sky Apartment, (B)______________.
*subtle: 미묘한 **hassle: 성가신 일 of steps making up a routine better than steps asks the person concerned to care about
ordered randomly. (E) In each case, memory range is (A)______________ the facilities in the playground, (A) (B)
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E) increased by the ability to recognize familiar informing that they are (B)______________. ① risky peak
sequences and patterns. ② effective at the bottom
*expertise: 전문 지식 **sequence: 연속, 순서
(A) (B) ③ beneficial the lowest
***musical notation: 악보
① installing old ④ ineffective maximized
② repairing excellent ⑤ productive the highest
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
③ setting up adequate
④ expanding dangerous
⑤ maintaining worn-out

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 예상문제 고1 예상문제 고1
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형 2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C 유형 C

유형 C ┃3월 21번┃ 유형 C ┃3월 30번┃ 유형 C ┃3월 31번┃ 유형 C ┃3월 33번┃

281. 다음 글을 아래와 같이 요약할 때, 빈칸 (A), (B)에
들어갈 말로 알맞게 연결된 것은?281)
If we adopt technology, we need to pay its costs.
Thousands of traditional livelihoods have been pushed
aside by progress, and the lifestyles around those
jobs removed. Hundreds of millions of humans today
work at jobs they hate, producing things they have
no love for. Sometimes these jobs cause physical
pain, disability, or chronic disease. Technology creates
many new jobs that are certainly dangerous. At the
same time, mass education and media train humans
to avoid low-tech physical work, to seek jobs working
in the digital world. The divorce of the hands from
the head puts a stress on the human mind. Indeed,
the sedentary nature of the best-paying jobs is a
health risk — for body and mind.
*chronic: 만성의 **sedentary: 주로 앉아서 하는
 often complex needs, became the focus of business.
Technology (A)____________ has caused significant
changes in the jobs, accompanying (B)____________
consequences not only in physical but also mental
aspects in our life.
(A) (B)
① adoption beneficial
② advance unexpected
③ removal adverse
④ application unfavorable
⑤ emphasis indirect
282. 다음 글을 아래와 같이 요약할 때, 빈칸 (A), (B)에
들어갈 말로 알맞게 연결된 것은?282)
The major philosophical shift in the idea of selling
came when industrial societies became more affluent,
more competitive, and more geographically spread
out during the 1940s and 1950s. This forced business
to develop closer relations with buyers and clients,
which in turn made business realize that it was not
enough to produce a quality product at a reasonable
price. In fact, it was equally essential to deliver
products that customers actually wanted. Henry Ford
produced his best-selling T-model Ford in one color
only (black) in 1908, but in modern societies this was
no longer possible. The modernization of society led
to a marketing revolution that destroyed the view
that production would create its own demand.
Customers, and the desire to meet their diverse and
*affluent: 부유한
 (B)______________ to travel westward rather than
The philosophical change in the notion of selling
made modern businesses put emphasis on
customers and (A)____________ their diverse needs
beyond producing a good product at a
(B)____________ price.
(A) (B)
① serving high
② fulfilling fair
③ ignoring right
④ satisfying instable
⑤ questioning decent
283. 다음 글을 아래와 같이 요약할 때, 빈칸 (A), (B)에
들어갈 말로 알맞게 연결된 것은?283)
People differ in how quickly they can reset their
biological clocks to overcome jet lag, and the speed
of recovery depends on the direction of travel.
Generally, it’s easier to fly westward and lengthen
your day than it is to fly eastward and shorten it.
This east-west difference in jet lag is sizable enough
to have an impact on the performance of sports
teams. Studies have found that teams flying westward
perform significantly better than teams flying eastward
in professional baseball and college football. A more
recent study of more than 46,000 Major League
Baseball games found additional evidence that
eastward travel is tougher than westward travel.
*jet lag: 시차로 인한 피로감
 though they might run, the two species just stay in
The pace of recovery from jet lag is related to the
(A)______________ of movement and it is
eastward, which also affects the performance of the
sports team.
(A) (B)
① course damaging
② speed profitable
③ direction advantageous
④ intensity unfavorable
⑤ frequency helpful
284. 다음 글을 아래와 같이 요약할 때, 빈칸 (A), (B)에
들어갈 말로 알맞게 연결된 것은?284)
In Lewis Carroll’s Through the Looking-Glass, the
Red Queen takes Alice on a race through the
countryside. They run and they run, but then Alice
discovers that they’re still under the same tree that
they started from. The Red Queen explains to Alice:
“here, you see, it takes all the running you can do,
to keep in the same place.” Biologists sometimes use
this Red Queen Effect to explain an evolutionary
principle. If foxes evolve to run faster so they can
catch more rabbits, then only the fastest rabbits will
live long enough to make a new generation of
bunnies that run even faster — in which case, of
course, only the fastest foxes will catch enough
rabbits to thrive and pass on their genes. Even
place.
*thrive: 번성하다

The Red Queen Effect illustrates that species
continually (A)__________ and evolve advantageous
traits through (B)__________ to keep up in the
competition for survival.
(A) (B)
① adapt inheritance
② adapt assistance
③ ascend assistance
④ age acceptance
⑤ age inheritance

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 예상문제 고1 예상문제 고1
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형 2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C 유형 C

유형 C ┃3월 34번┃ 유형 C ┃3월 35번┃ 유형 C ┃3월 36번┃ 유형 C ┃3월 37번┃

285. 다음 글을 아래와 같이 요약할 때, 빈칸 (A), (B)에
들어갈 말로 알맞게 연결된 것은?285)
Everything in the world around us was finished in
the mind of its creator before it was started. The
houses we live in, the cars we drive, and our clothing
— all of these began with an idea. Each idea was
then studied, refined and perfected before the first
nail was driven or the first piece of cloth was cut.
Long before the idea was turned into a physical
reality, the mind had clearly pictured the finished
product. The human being designs his or her own
future through much the same process. We begin
with an idea about how the future will be. Over a
period of time we refine and perfect the vision.
Before long, our every thought, decision and activity
are all working in harmony to bring into existence
what we have mentally concluded about the future.
*refine: 다듬다
 The beginning of (A)____________ made people live in
Thanks to the power of the creative mind, we
humans can always (A)__________ finish something
before turning it into a (B)__________ manifestation.
(A) (B)
① mentally augmented
② mentally physical
③ physically visible
④ emotionally virtual
⑤ emotionally real-world
286. 다음 글을 아래와 같이 요약할 때, 빈칸 (A), (B)에
들어갈 말로 알맞게 연결된 것은?286)
Whose story it is affects what the story is. Change
the main character, and the focus of the story must
also change. If we look at the events through
another character’s eyes, we will interpret them
differently. We’ll place our sympathies with someone
new. When the conflict arises that is the heart of the
story, we will be praying for a different outcome.
Consider, for example, how the tale of Cinderella
would shift if told from the viewpoint of an evil
stepsister. Gone with the Wind is Scarlett O’Hara’s
story, but what if we were shown the same events
from the viewpoint of Rhett Butler or Melanie Wilkes?
*sympathy: 공감
 amount of time.
(A)__________ interpretations arise when we change
the (B)__________ of a story.
(A) (B)
① unshakable conflict
② changed outcome
③ unchanged villain
④ different protagonist
⑤ balanced antagonist
287. 다음 글을 아래와 같이 요약할 때, 빈칸 (A), (B)에
들어갈 말로 알맞게 연결된 것은?287)
In the Old Stone Age, small bands of 20 to 60
people wandered from place to place in search of
food. Once people began farming, they could settle
down near their farms. As a result, towns and villages
grew larger. Living in communities allowed people to
organize themselves more efficiently. They could
divide up the work of producing food and other
things they needed. While some workers grew crops,
others built new houses and made tools. Village
dwellers also learned to work together to do a task
faster. For example, toolmakers could share the work
of making stone axes and knives. By working
together, they could make more tools in the same
*dweller: 거주자
 crystals. When magma cools rapidly, the crystals that
groups and they could construct their labor more
efficiently by the division of labor and (B)____________.
(A) (B)
① farming cooperation
② trade separation
③ hunting dissociation
④ gathering collaboration
⑤ agriculture competition
288. 다음 글을 아래와 같이 요약할 때, 빈칸 (A), (B)에
들어갈 말로 알맞게 연결된 것은?288)
Natural processes form minerals in many ways. For
example, hot melted rock material, called magma,
cools when it reaches the Earth’s surface, or even if
it’s trapped below the surface. As magma cools, its
atoms lose heat energy, move closer together, and
begin to combine into compounds. During this
process, atoms of the different compounds arrange
themselves into orderly, repeating patterns. The type
and amount of elements present in a magma partly
determine which minerals will form. Also, the size of
the crystals that form depends partly on how rapidly
the magma cools. When magma cools slowly, the
crystals that form are generally large enough to see
with the unaided eye. This is because the atoms have
enough time to move together and form into larger
form will be small. In such cases, you can’t easily see
individual mineral crystals.
*compound: 화합물

The formation of minerals from magma requires the
(A)__________ process and how fast it is determines
the (B)__________ of the crystals.
(A) (B)
① heating size
② heating composition
③ cooling composition
④ cooling size
⑤ cooling purity

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 예상문제 고1 예상문제 고1
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형 2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C 유형 C

유형 C ┃3월 38번┃ 유형 C ┃3월 39번┃ 유형 C ┃3월 41-42번┃

289. 다음 글을 아래와 같이 요약할 때, 빈칸 (A), (B)에 290. 다음 글을 아래와 같이 요약할 때, 빈칸 (A), (B)에 291. 다음 글을 아래와 같이 요약할 때, 빈칸 (A), (B)에
들어갈 말로 알맞게 연결된 것은?289) 들어갈 말로 알맞게 연결된 것은?290) 들어갈 말로 알맞게 연결된 것은?291)
All carbohydrates are basically sugars. Complex People commonly make the mistaken assumption Chess masters shown a chess board in the middle
carbohydrates are the good carbohydrates for your that because a person has one type of characteristic, of a game for 5 seconds with 20 to 30 pieces still in
body. These complex sugar compounds are very then they automatically have other characteristics play can immediately reproduce the position of the
difficult to break down and can trap other nutrients which go with it. In one study, university students pieces from memory. Beginners, of course, are able to
like vitamins and minerals in their chains. As they were given descriptions of a guest lecturer before he place only a few. Now take the same pieces and
slowly break down, the other nutrients are also spoke to the group. Half the students received a place them on the board randomly and the difference
released into your body, and can provide you with description containing the word ‘warm’, the other half is much reduced. The expert’s advantage is only for
fuel for a number of hours. Bad carbohydrates, on were told the speaker was ‘cold’. The guest lecturer familiar patterns — those previously stored in memory.
the other hand, are simple sugars. Because their then led a discussion, after which the students were Faced with unfamiliar patterns, even when it involves
structure is not complex, they are easy to break asked to give their impressions of him. As expected, the same familiar domain, the expert’s advantage
down and hold few nutrients for your body other there were large differences between the impressions disappears.
than the sugars from which they are made. Your formed by the students, depending upon their The beneficial effects of familiar structure on
body breaks down these carbohydrates rather quickly original information of the lecturer. It was also found memory have been observed for many types of
and what it cannot use is converted to fat and that those students who expected the lecturer to be expertise, including music. People with musical
stored in the body. warm tended to interact with him more. This shows training can reproduce short sequences of musical
*carbohydrate: 탄수화물 **convert: 바꾸다 that different expectations not only affect the notation more accurately than those with no musical
 impressions we form but also our behaviour and the training when notes follow conventional sequences,
Complex carbohydrates are (A)____________ to your relationship which is formed. but the advantage is much reduced when the notes
body, but simple carbohydrates have little  are ordered randomly. Expertise also improves
(B)____________ value when compared to complex A study shows (A)____________ information on a memory for sequences of movements. Experienced
carbohydrates. person can have a significant effect on not only an ballet dancers are able to repeat longer sequences of
impression on the person but also the way we act steps than less experienced dancers, and they can
and (B)____________ the person. repeat a sequence of steps making up a routine
(A) (B)
better than steps ordered randomly. In each case,
① useless immune
memory range is increased by the ability to recognize
② beneficial nutritional (A) (B)
familiar sequences and patterns.
③ harmful psychological ① primary relate to
*expertise: 전문 지식 **sequence: 연속, 순서
④ advantageous biological ② accurate separate from ***musical notation: 악보
⑤ detrimental nourishing ③ vague connect to
④ initial detach from Familiar sequences and patterns (A)____________
⑤ final compete with memory span, which suggests that the expert is
more (B)____________ than the novice.

(A) (B)
① undermines predominant
② enhances disadvantageous
③ decreases unfavorable
④ offsets hospitable
⑤ reinforces advantageous

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 예상문제 고1 예상문제 고1
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 서술형 2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 서술형
유형 D 유형 D

D 서술형 293. 위 글의 빈칸 ⓐ, ⓑ, ⓒ에 들어갈 단어를 <보기>에 유형 D ┃3월 19번┃ 297. 위 글의 밑줄 친 (A), (B)에서 어법상 어색한 부분을
서 골라 각각 쓰시오.293) 한 군데씩 찾아 각각 고쳐 쓰시오.297)
On a two­week trip in the Rocky Mountains, I saw
유형 순서 dangerous / temporary / damaged / 어색한 표현 바르게 고친 표현
a grizzly bear in its native ⓐ___________. At first, I felt
보기
주관식 서술형 secure / immediate ⓑ___________ as I watched the bear walk across the (A) ________________________ → ________________________
(영작, 배열, 고쳐 쓰기) fixed land. ㉠그것은 이따금 멈춰 서서 그것의 고개를 돌렸고,
 (B) ________________________ → ________________________
ⓐ _____________________ ⓑ _____________________ 깊게 코를 킁킁거렸다. He was following the ⓒ___________
대의 파악 · 요약문 완성
of something, and slowly I began to (A)realize which
ⓒ _____________________
*원문에 따라 일부 유형은 출제에서 제외될 수 있습니다. this giant animal was smelling me! I froze. This was
no longer a wonderful experience; it was now an
issue of ⓓ___________. The bear’s motivation (B)was to
find meat to eat it, and I was clearly on his menu.
주관식 서술형
*scent: 냄새

유형 D ┃3월 18번┃
To whom it may concern,
I am a resident of the Blue Sky Apartment. Recently
I observed that the kid zone is in need of repairs.
(A)저는 귀하께서 그 구역 놀이터 설비의 열악한 상태에
관심을 기울여 주시기를 바랍니다. The swings are
ⓐ___________, the paint is falling off, and some of the
bolts on the slide are missing. (B)The facilities had
been in this terrible condition since we moved here.
They are ⓑ___________ to the children playing there.
(C)Would you please have them repair? I would
appreciate your ⓒ___________ attention to solve this
matter.
Yours sincerely,
Nina Davis
292. 위 글의 밑줄 친 (A)의 우리말을 주어진 <조건>에
알맞게 영작하시오.292)
<조건>
⦁<보기>의 단어 및 표현들을 사용할 것
⦁총 17단어로 작성할 것
294. 위 글의 밑줄 친 (B), (C)에서 어법상 어색한 부분을
한 군데씩 찾아 각각 고쳐 쓰시오.294)
어색한 표현 바르게 고친 표현
(B) ________________________ → ________________________
(C) ________________________ → ________________________
295. 위 글의 빈칸 ⓐ~ⓓ에 들어갈 단어를 <보기>에서 298. 위 글을 읽고, 다음 질문에 대한 답을 <조건>에 알
각각 찾아 쓰시오.295) 맞게 쓰시오.298)
inhabitant / scent / sorrow / choice / Q. What is the reason why the bear smelled ‘me’?
보기
habitat / joy / shape / survival
<조건>
ⓐ _____________________ ⓑ _____________________ 본문에서 찾아 쓰되, 변형하지 말 것
ⓒ _____________________ ⓓ _____________________
The bear smelled ‘me’ in order _____________
_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________.
296. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ㉠의 우리말을 주어진 <조건>에
알맞게 영작하시오.296)
<조건>
⦁<보기>의 단어 및 표현들을 차례대로 사용할 것
⦁필요하면 <보기>의 단어를 변형할 것
⦁총 14단어로 작성할 것

you / the playground equipment / he / stop / every once in a while / turn /

보기
보기 the poor condition / want / attention / his head / about / sniff / deep
of / in the zone / pay

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 예상문제
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 D
유형 D ┃3월 20번┃
(A)우리 중 누구라도 우리의 근무일 내내 일정한 수준
의 주의 집중을 유지하기는 어렵다. We all ⓐhave
body rhythms are characterised by peaks and valleys
of energy and alertness. You will achieve more, and
feel ㉠___________ as a benefit, if you schedule your
most ㉡___________ tasks at times when you are best
able to cope with them. If you haven’t thought about
energy peaks before, take a few days to observe
yourself. ⓑTrying to note the times when you are at
your best. We are all ㉢___________. For some, the
peak will come first thing in the morning, but for
others it may take a while to warm up.
*alertness: 기민함
299. 위 글의 밑줄 친 (A)의 우리말을 주어진 <조건>에
알맞게 영작하시오.299)
<조건>
⦁<보기>의 단어들을 사용할 것
⦁총 18단어로 작성할 것
difficult / our working day / maintain /
보기 a constant level / any of us / to /
attention / throughout / it
300. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ, ⓑ에서 어법상 어색한 부분을
한 군데씩 찾아 각각 고쳐 쓰시오.300)
어색한 표현 바르게 고친 표현
ⓐ ________________________ → ________________________
ⓑ ________________________ → ________________________
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고1 예상문제 고1
서술형 2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 서술형
유형 D
301. 위 글의 빈칸 ㉠, ㉡, ㉢에 들어갈 단어를 <보기>에 유형 D ┃3월 21번┃ 305. 위 글의 밑줄 친 (B)의 우리말을 주어진 <조건>에
서 각각 골라 쓰시오.301) 알맞게 영작하시오.305)
If we ⓐadopt technology, we need to pay its costs.
demanding / identical / unsure / <조건>
Thousands of traditional livelihoods (A)_________________
보기
confident / different / simple __________________________, and the lifestyles around ⦁목적격 관계대명사는 생략할 것
those jobs removed. (B)오늘날 수억 명의 사람들이 그 ⦁<보기>의 단어 및 표현을 사용하되 필요시 어법에
㉠ _____________________ ㉡ _____________________ 들이 싫어하는 일자리에서 일하고, 그들이 아무런 애정 맞게 변형할 것
을 갖지 않는 것들을 생산한다. Sometimes these jobs ⦁총 18단어로 영작할 것
㉢ _____________________
ⓑare caused physical pain, disability, or chronic
disease. Technology creates many new jobs that ⓒare
at / for / things / hundred / work
certainly ㉠dangerous. At the same time, mass
보기 hate, / million / produce / jobs /
education and media ⓓtrain humans to avoid ㉡high-
humans today / no love
tech physical work, to ⓔseeking jobs working in the
㉢digital world. The divorce of the hands from the
head ⓕput a ㉣stress on the human mind. Indeed,
the sedentary nature of the best-paying jobs is a
302. 위 글을 읽고, 다음 질문에 대한 답을 <조건>에 알 health ㉤benefit ─ for body and mind.
맞게 쓰시오.302) *chronic: 만성의 **sedentary: 주로 앉아서 하는
Q. What is the characteristic of our body rhythms?
303. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓕ 중, 어법상 어색한 것을 세 306. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ㉠~㉤ 중, 흐름상 어색한 것을 두
<조건> 개 골라 기호를 쓰고 알맞게 고쳐 쓰시오.303) 개 골라 기호를 쓰고 알맞게 고쳐 쓰시오.306)
본문에서 찾아 쓰되, 변형하지 말 것 기호 어색한 표현 바르게 고친 표현 기호 어색한 표현 바르게 고친 표현
(1) _______: ____________________ → ____________________ (1) _______: ____________________ → ____________________
Our body rhythms have _____________ _____________
(2) _______: ____________________ → ____________________ (2) _______: ____________________ → ____________________
_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
(3) _______: ____________________ → ____________________
_____________.
304. 위 글의 빈칸 (A)에 들어갈 알맞은 말을 주어진 <조
건>에 알맞게 쓰시오.304)
<조건>
⦁현재완료 시제를 사용할 것
⦁<보기>의 단어 및 표현을 사용하되 필요시 어법에
맞게 변형할 것
보기 aside / push / by progress
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 예상문제 고1 예상문제 고1
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 서술형 2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 서술형
유형 D 유형 D

유형 D ┃3월 22번┃ 309. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ의 우리말을 주어진 <조건>에 유형 D ┃3월 23번┃ 313. 위 글의 빈칸 ㉠에 들어갈 알맞은 말을 주어진 <조
알맞게 영작하시오.309) 건>에 알맞게 영작하시오.313)
When students are starting their college life, (A)they As the ⓐsocially and economic situation of
<조건> <조건>
may approach every course, test, or learning task the countries got (A)worse, wage levels and working
same way, ㉠use what we like to call “the ⦁<보기>의 단어들을 사용할 것 conditions improved. Gradually people were ⓑgiving ⦁<보기>의 단어 및 표현을 사용하되 필요시 어법에
rubber-stamp approach.” Think about it this way: ⦁총 10단어로 작성할 것 more time off. At the same time, forms of transport 맞게 변형 및 추가할 것 (중복사용하지 말 것)
Would you wear a tuxedo to a baseball game? A improved and ㉠_________________________________________. ⦁총 9단어로 영작할 것
colorful dress to a funeral? A bathing suit to religious 보기 to / different / know / strategies England’s industrial revolution (B)led to many of these
services? Probably not. You know there’s appropriate changes. Railways, in the nineteenth century,
보기 it / get / become / faster and cheaper /
dress for different occasions and settings. Skillful (C)opened up now ⓒfamous seaside resorts such as
places
learners know ㉡what “putting on the same clothes” Blackpool and Brighton. With the railways ⓓcoming
won’t work for every class. They are flexible learners. many large hotels. In Canada, for example, the ⓔnew
ⓐ그들은 다양한 전략들을 갖고 있으며 그것들을 언제 coast-to-coast railway system ㉡로키산맥의 Banff
사용해야 하는지 안다. (B)They know that you study Spring와 Chateau Lake Louise 같은 유명한 호텔들의
for multiple-choice tests differently than you study for 건설을 가능하게 했다. Later, the arrival of air
essay tests. ⓑ그리고 그들은 무엇을 해야 하는지 알고 transport opened up (D)less of the world and ⓕled
있을 뿐만 아니라, 그것을 어떻게 해야 하는지도 알고 to tourism (E)growth.
있다.
314. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ㉡의 우리말과 같은 뜻이 되도록 빈
311. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓕ 중, 어법상 어색한 것을 세 칸에 들어갈 말을 <조건>에 알맞게 완성하시오.314)
307. 위 글의 밑줄 친 (A)they, (B)They가 가리키는 것을 310. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓑ의 우리말을 다음과 같이 쓸 때, 개 골라 기호를 쓰고 알맞게 고쳐 쓰시오.311)
<조건>
각각 찾아 쓰시오.307) 주어진 <조건>에 알맞게 문장을 완성하시오.310) 기호 어색한 표현 바르게 고친 표현
⦁<보기>에 주어진 단어 및 표현을 차례대로 사용하
(A) _____________________ (B) _____________________ <조건> (1) _______: ____________________ → ____________________ 되 필요시 어법에 맞게 변형할 것
⦁<보기>의 단어 및 표현들을 차례대로 사용할 것 ⦁총 9단어로 영작할 것
(2) _______: ____________________ → ____________________
⦁총 14단어로 작성할 것
(3) _______: ____________________ → ____________________
make / possible / the building /
보기
보기 not only / know / to / they / also such / famous

And they _______________________________________________ __________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________. __________________________________ Banff Springs and
308. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ㉠, ㉡에서 어법상 어색한 부분을
한 군데씩 찾아 각각 고쳐 쓰시오.308) Chateau Lake Louise in the Rockies

어색한 표현 바르게 고친 표현
312. 위 글의 밑줄 친 (A)~(E) 중, 흐름상 어색한 것을 두
㉠ ________________________ → ________________________
개 골라 기호를 쓰고 알맞게 고쳐 쓰시오.312)
㉡ ________________________ → ________________________ 기호 어색한 표현 바르게 고친 표현
(1) _______: ____________________ → ____________________

(2) _______: ____________________ → ____________________

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 예상문제 고1 예상문제 고1
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 서술형 2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 서술형
유형 D 유형 D

유형 D ┃3월 24번┃
Success can lead you off your intended path and
into a comfortable rut. If you are good at something
and are well rewarded for doing it, ⓐyou may want
to keep done it even if you stop enjoying it. The
danger is that one day you look around and realize
you’re so deep in this (A)___________ rut that you can
no longer see the sun or breathe fresh air; ㉠그 틀에
박힌 생활의 양쪽 면이 너무나 미끄럽게 되어 기어올라
나오려면 초인적인 노력이 필요할 것이다; and,
effectively, you’re stuck. And ⓑit’s a situation in
which many working people worry they’re in now.
ⓒThe poor employment market has left them feel
locked in what may be a (B)___________, or even
well-paying — but ultimately (C)___________ — job.
*rut: 틀에 박힌 생활
315. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ, ⓑ, ⓒ에서 어법상 어색한 부분
을 한 군데씩 찾아 각각 고쳐 쓰시오.315)
어색한 표현 바르게 고친 표현
ⓐ ________________________ → ________________________
ⓑ ________________________ → ________________________
ⓒ ________________________ → ________________________
유형 D ┃3월 26번┃
Lilian Bland was born in Kent, England in 1878.
Unlike most other girls at the time she wore trousers
and spent her time enjoying adventurous activities
like horse riding and hunting. Lilian began her career
as a sports and (A)___________ photographer for British
newspapers. In 1910 she became the first woman to
design, build, and fly her own airplane. ⓐIn order to
persuade her trying a slightly (B)___________ activity,
Lilian’s dad bought her a car. Soon ㉠Lilian은 뛰어난
운전자가 되었고 결국 자동차 판매원으로 일하게 되었다.
She never went back to flying but lived a long and
(C)___________ life nonetheless. ⓑShe married, moving
to Canada, and had a kid. Eventually, she moved
back to England, and lived there for the rest of her
life.
318. 위 글의 빈칸 (A), (B), (C)에 들어갈 단어를 <보기>
에서 골라 각각 쓰시오. (단, 중복 사용할 수 없
음)318)
보기 exciting / safer / wildlife
(A) _____________________ (B) _____________________
(C) _____________________
유형 D ┃3월 29번┃ 323. 위 글의 밑줄 친 (B)의 우리말을 주어진 <조건>에
알맞게 영작하시오.323)
(A)동물에게 투영된 가장 눈에 띄는 인간의 특징은 그
<조건>
들이 인간의 언어로 대화할 수 있다는 점이다.
Physically, animal cartoon characters and toys made ⦁주격 관계대명사 that을 사용할 것
after animals are also most often deformed ⓐin a ⦁<보기>의 단어 및 표현을 차례대로 사용하되 필요
such way as to resemble humans. This is achieved by 시 어법에 맞게 변형 및 추가할 것
showing them with humanlike facial features and
deformed front legs to resemble human hands. In a general strategy / use /
more recent animated movies the trend has been to 보기
the animal characters / emotional / appeal
show the animals in a more “natural” way. However,
ⓑthey are still used their front legs like human hands
(for example, lions can pick up and lift small objects
with one paw), and they still talk with an appropriate
facial expression. (B)동물 캐릭터들을 더 감정적으로 매
력적이게 만들기 위해 이용하는 일반적인 전략, both to
children and adults, is to give them enlarged and
deformed childlike features.
*deform: 변형하다 **paw: (동물의) 발
324. 위 글을 읽고, 다음 질문에 대한 답을 본문의 단어
321. 위 글의 밑줄 친 (A)의 우리말을 주어진 <조건>에 를 이용하여 각각 완성하시오. (각 빈칸에 한 단어씩
알맞게 영작하시오.321) 쓸 것)324)
<조건> Q. What are the physical features of the animal
⦁<보기>의 단어 및 표현을 사용하되 필요시 어법에 cartoon characters and toys that are made to
맞게 변형 및 추가할 것 resemble humans?
⦁16단어로 영작할 것

→ They have humanlike ____________ expressions and

in / onto / talk / noticeable / project / they use their front legs like human ____________.
보기
316. 위 글의 빈칸 (A), (B), (C)에 들어갈 단어를 <보기> human characteristic / human language
319. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ, ⓑ에서 어법상 어색한 부분을
에서 골라 각각 쓰시오.316)
한 군데씩 찾아 각각 고쳐 쓰시오.319)
unstable / unsatisfying / comfortable / 어색한 표현 바르게 고친 표현
보기
secure / uncomfortable / gratifying
ⓐ ________________________ → ________________________

(A) _____________________ (B) _____________________ ⓑ ________________________ → ________________________

(C) _____________________

322. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ, ⓑ에서 어법상 어색한 부분을

320. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ㉠의 우리말을 주어진 <조건>에 찾아 각각 고쳐 전체를 다시 쓰시오.322)
알맞게 영작하시오.320)
317. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ㉠의 우리말과 같은 뜻이 되도록 ⓐ _______________________________________________________
<보기>의 단어 및 표현을 알맞게 배열하시오.317) <조건>
ⓑ _______________________________________________________
⦁<보기>의 단어 및 표현들을 차례대로 사용할 것
have become / that / climb out / it /
⦁필요하면 <보기>의 단어를 변형할 것
보기 a superhuman effort / slippery / the sides /
⦁총 13단어로 작성할 것
so / would take / the rut / to / of

be / a master driver / end /

보기
work / a car dealer

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 예상문제 고1 예상문제 고1
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 서술형 2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 서술형
유형 D 유형 D

유형 D ┃3월 30번┃ 327. 위 글의 밑줄 친 (A)의 우리말을 주어진 <조건>에 유형 D ┃3월 31번┃ 331. 위 글의 빈칸 ⓑ에 들어갈 알맞은 말을 <조건>에
알맞게 영작하시오.327) 알맞게 쓰시오.331)
The major philosophical shift in the idea of ⓐselling ⓐ사람들은 시차로 인한 피로감을 극복하기 위해서 자
<조건> <조건>
came when industrial societies became more affluent, 신의 체내 시계를 얼마나 빨리 재설정할 수 있는지에
more competitive, and more ⓑgeographical spread ⦁관계대명사와 명사절 접속사를 각각 한 번씩 사용할 것 있어 다르다, and the speed of recovery depends on ⦁<보기>에 주어진 단어 및 표현을 변형 없이 사용할 것
out ⓒduring the 1940s and 1950s. (A)이것은 기업이 ⦁가주어-진주어 구문을 사용할 것 the direction of travel. Generally, (A)it’s easier to fly ⦁총 7단어로 쓸 것
구매자 및 고객과 더 긴밀한 관계를 발전시키게 했고, ⦁<보기>의 단어 및 표현을 사용하되 필요시 어법에 westward and lengthen your day than it does to fly
이것은 결과적으로 기업이 합리적인 가격에 양질의 제 맞게 변형할 것 (중복 사용 가능) eastward and shorten it. (B)This east-west difference 보기 tougher / eastward travel / westward travel
품을 생산하는 것으로는 충분하지 않다는 것을 깨닫게 ⦁관사의 경우 <보기>에 주어진 관사 이외에는 추가 in jet lag is enough sizable to have an impact on the
했다. In fact, it was ⓓequally essential to deliver 하지 말 것 performance of sports teams. Studies have found that
(B)__________________________________________________. Henry teams flying westward perform significantly better
⦁축약형은 사용하지 말 것
Ford produced his best-selling T-model Ford in one than teams flying eastward in professional baseball
color only (black) in 1908, but in modern societies and college football. A more recent study of more
㉠this was no longer possible. The modernization of this / closer relations / business / with / than 46,000 Major League Baseball games found
society ⓔled to a marketing revolution that ⓕwas buyers and clients / produce / develop / additional evidence that ⓑ______________________________
보기
destroyed the view that production would create ㉡its force / realize / enough / in turn make / _________________________.
own demand. Customers, and the desire to meet a quality product / at a reasonable price *jet lag: 시차로 인한 피로감
㉢their diverse and often complex needs, ⓖbecoming
the focus of business. 329. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ의 우리말을 주어진 <조건>애
*affluent: 부유한 알맞게 영작하시오.329)
<조건>
325. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓖ 중, 어법상 어색한 것을 세 ⦁<보기>에 주어진 단어를 사용할 것
개 골라 기호를 쓰고 알맞게 고쳐 쓰시오.325)
⦁총 15단어로 영작할 것
기호 어색한 표현 바르게 고친 표현
(1) _______: ____________________ → ____________________ reset / differ / overcome / quickly
보기
328. 위 글의 빈칸 (B)에 들어갈 알맞은 말을 <조건>에 they / biological clocks / jet lag / in
(2) _______: ____________________ → ____________________
알맞게 쓰시오.328)
(3) _______: ____________________ → ____________________ <조건>
<보기>의 단어 및 표현을 모두 한 번씩 사용할 것

보기 that / actually want / customers / products

330. 위 글의 밑줄 친 (A), (B)에서 어법상 어색한 부분을

326. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ㉠this, ㉡its, ㉢their가 가리키는
찾아 각각 고쳐 쓰시오.330)
것을 각각 찾아 우리말로 쓰시오.326)
어색한 부분 바르게 고친 표현
㉠ ________________________________________
(A)_____________________ → _____________________________
㉡ ________________________________________
(B)_____________________ → _____________________________
㉢ ________________________________________

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 예상문제 고1 예상문제 고1
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 서술형 2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 서술형
유형 D 유형 D

유형 D ┃3월 32번┃ 333. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓕ 중, 어법상 어색한 것을 세 유형 D ┃3월 33번┃ 338. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓑ의 우리말과 같은 뜻이 되도록
개 골라 기호를 쓰고 알맞게 고쳐 쓰시오.333) <보기>의 단어를 알맞게 배열하시오.338)
(A)만약 당신이 매일 하고자 착수하는 일을 성취하는 In Lewis Carroll’s Through the Looking-Glass, the
기호 어색한 표현 바르게 고친 표현 run / if / can / more / to / rabbits /
것으로부터 오는 자신감을 원한다면, 일이 얼마나 시간 Red Queen takes Alice on a race through the
보기
이 걸릴지 이해하는 것이 중요하다. Over-optimism (1) _______: ____________________ → ____________________ countryside. They run and they run, but then (A)Alice so / catch / they / foxes / faster / evolve
about what can be achieved within a certain time discovers that they’re still under the same tree that
(2) _______: ____________________ → ____________________
frame ⓐto be a problem. So ⓑwork on it. they started from it. The Red Queen explains to Alice:
(B)__________________________________________________________ (3) _______: ____________________ → ____________________ “here, you see, it takes all the running you can do,
___________ alongside items on your ‘things to do’ list, ⓐ_________________________________.” Biologists sometimes
and learn by experience when tasks take a greater or use this Red Queen Effect to explain an evolutionary
lesser time than expected. Give attention also to ⓒfit principle. ⓑ만약 여우가 더 많은 토끼를 잡기 위해 더
the task to the available time. There ⓓare some tasks 빨리 달리도록 진화한다면, then ⓒ오직 가장 빠른 토끼
that you can only set about if you have a ⓔsignificant 들만이 충분히 오래 살아 훨씬 더 빨리 달리는 새로운
amount of time available. (C)그런 과제를 위해 준비를 세대의 토끼들을 낳을 것이다 — in which case, of
갖추려고 애쓰는 것은 무의미하다 when you only have course, (B)only the fastest foxes will catch enough 339. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓒ의 우리말을 주어진 <조건>에
a short period available. So schedule the time you 334. 위 글의 빈칸 (B)에 들어갈 알맞은 말을 <조건>에 rabbits to thrive and passing on their genes. Even 알맞게 영작하시오.339)
알맞게 쓰시오.334)
need for the longer tasks and ⓕputting the short though they might run, the two species just stay in <조건>
tasks into the spare moments in between. <조건> place. • 적절한 관계대명사를 사용하여 총 19단어로 영작할 것
*gear up: 준비를 갖추다, 대비하다 ⦁<보기>에 주어진 단어 및 표현을 사용하되 필요시 *thrive: 번성하다
• <보기>에 주어진 단어 및 표현을 활용하되, 필요시
어법에 맞게 변형할 것
변형할 것
332. 위 글의 밑줄 친 (A)의 우리말과 같은 뜻이 되도록 ⦁총 10단어의 명령문 형태로 영작할 것 336. 위 글의 밑줄 친 (A), (B)에서 어법상 어색한 부분을
빈칸에 들어갈 말을 주어진 <조건>에 알맞게 각각 찾아 각각 고쳐 쓰시오.336)
완성하시오.332) rabbit / fast / even / make / only /
need / make / estimate / 어색한 부분 바르게 고친 표현 보기
보기 generation / enough / of bunnies
<조건> time / a practice / the amount (A) ____________________ → ____________________
⦁<보기>에 주어진 단어 및 표현을 사용할 것
⦁관계대명사 that과 what을 한 번씩 사용할 것 (B) ____________________ → ____________________

achieve / set out / understand / do /

보기 important / take / things / going
it's / each day / the confidence

If you want ____________________________________________ 335. 위 글의 밑줄 친 (C)의 우리말과 같은 뜻이 되도록

<보기>의 단어 및 표현을 알맞게 배열하시오. (필요
__________________________________________________________, 337. 위 글의 빈칸 ⓐ에 들어갈 알맞은 말을 <조건>에
시 어법에 맞게 변형할 것)335)
알맞게 쓰시오.337)
then ____________________________________________________
a / in / no / to / be / try / such / <조건>
보기
__________________________________________________________. for / task / there / point / gear up <보기>에 주어진 단어를 사용하여 총 6단어로 영작할 것

보기 keep / place

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 예상문제 고1 예상문제 고1
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 서술형 2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 서술형
유형 D 유형 D

유형 D ┃3월 34번┃ 342. 위 글의 밑줄 친 (D)의 우리말을 주어진 <조건>에 유형 D ┃3월 35번┃

알맞게 영작하시오.342) 345. 위 글의 밑줄 친 (B)의 우리말과 같은 뜻이 되도록
Everything in the world around us ⓐwas finished in (A)_________________________________________. ⓐChanging
<조건> <보기>의 단어 및 표현을 알맞게 배열하시오. (필요
the mind of its creator before it was started. The the main character, and the focus of the story must 시 변형하고 how로 시작해서 쓸 것)345)
houses we live in, the cars we drive, and our clothing • 관계대명사를 사용하여 총 9단어로 영작할 것 also change. If we look at the events through
— ⓑall of these began with an idea. Each ⓒideas • <보기>에 주어진 단어를 차례대로 사용하되 필요시 another character’s eyes, we will interpret ⓑit if / from / stepsister / evil / an /
was then studied, refined and perfected before the 변형할 것 differently. We’ll ⓒplace our sympathies with 보기 Cinderella / would / how / of / of /
(A)_____________ nail was driven or the (A)_____________ someone new. When the conflict arises that ⓓare the tell / shift / the tale / the viewpoint
piece of cloth was cut. Long before the idea was heart of the story, we will be ⓔpraying for a
보기 bring / existence / mentally / conclude
turned into a physical reality, the mind ⓓhas clearly different outcome. Consider, for example, (B)신데렐라
pictured the (B)_____________ product. The human being 이야기가 사악한 의붓 자매의 관점에서 이야기된다면
ⓔis designed his or her own future through much 어떻게 바뀔지. Gone with the Wind is Scarlett
the (C)_____________ process. We begin with an idea O’Hara’s story, but (C)만약 같은 사건이 Rhett Butler나
about ⓕhow the future will be. Over a period of Melanie Wilkes의 관점에서 우리에게 제시된다면 어떠
time we refine and perfect the vision. Before long, 할 것인가?
our every ⓖthoughts, decisions and activities are all *sympathy: 공감
working in harmony (D)우리가 미래에 대해 머릿속에서
완성해온 것을 생겨나게 하기 위해서. 343. 위 글의 빈칸 (A)에 들어갈 말이 되도록 <보기>의 346. 위 글의 밑줄 친 (C)의 우리말을 주어진 <조건>에
*refine: 다듬다 단어를 알맞게 배열하시오. (필요시 변형할 것)343) 알맞게 영작하시오.346)
<조건>
whose / is / story / it / the /
340. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓖ 중, 어법상 어색한 것을 네 보기 • 가정법 과거를 사용하여 총 17단어로 영작할 것
what / affect / story / is
개 골라 기호를 쓰고 알맞게 고쳐 쓰시오.340) • <보기>에 주어진 단어 및 표현을 이용하되 필요시
기호 바르게 고친 표현 변형 및 추가할 것
(1) _______: ______________________________________________
보기 we / show / events / the viewpoint
(2) _______: ______________________________________________

(3) _______: ______________________________________________

(4) _______: ______________________________________________ 344. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 어법상 어색한 것을 세

개 골라 기호를 쓰고 알맞게 고쳐 쓰시오.344)
기호 어색한 표현 바르게 고친 표현
(1) _______: ____________________ → ____________________

(2) _______: ____________________ → ____________________

(3) _______: ____________________ → ____________________

341. 위 글의 빈칸 (A), (B), (C)에 들어갈 단어를 <보기>
에서 골라 각각 쓰시오.341)

보기 finished / different / first / incomplete /

same
(A) _______________________ (B) _______________________

(C) _______________________

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 예상문제 고1 예상문제 고1
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 서술형 2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 서술형
유형 D 유형 D

유형 D ┃3월 36번┃ 349. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ㉠의 우리말을 주어진 <조건>에 유형 D ┃3월 37번┃ 352. 위 글의 빈칸 (B)에 들어갈 알맞은 말을 <조건>에
알맞게 영작하시오.349) 알맞게 쓰시오.352)
In the Old Stone Age, ⓐsmall bands of 20 to 60 Natural processes form minerals in many ways. For
<조건> <조건>
people wandered from place to place in search of example, hot melted rock material, called magma,
food. Once people ⓑbegan farming, they could ⦁동명사(구)를 사용할 것 ⓐcool when it reaches the Earth’s surface, or even if ⦁<보기>의 단어 및 표현을 모두 사용하여 총 5단어
(A)_______________ near their farms. As a result, towns ⦁<보기>의 단어를 차례대로 사용하여 총 10단어로 it’s trapped below the surface. As magma cools, its 로 작성할 것
and villages ⓒgrew larger. ㉠공동체 안에서 사는 것은 영작할 것 atoms lose heat energy, move closer together, and ⦁간접의문문 형태로 작성할 것
사람들이 자신들을 더 효율적으로 조직하도록 해주었다. ⦁필요시 변형 또는 추가할 것 begin ⓑto combine into compounds. During this
They could (B)_______________ the work of producing process, atoms of the different compounds arrange
보기 rapidly / the magma
food and other things ⓓwhat they needed. While ⓒitself into orderly, repeating patterns. (A)마그마에 존
live / communities / allow /
some workers grew crops, others built new houses 보기 재하는 원소의 종류와 양이 어떤 광물이 형성될지를 부
organize / efficient
and made tools. Village dwellers also learned to work 분적으로 결정한다. Also, the size of the crystals that
together to ⓔdoing a task faster. For example, ⓓform depends partly on (B)___________________________.
toolmakers could (C)_______________ the work of When magma cools slowly, (C)형성되는 결정들은 일반
making stone axes and knives. By working together, 적으로 육안으로 볼 수 있을 만큼 충분히 크다. This is
they could make (D)_______________ tools in the same because the atoms have enough time to move
amount of time. together and ⓔforming into larger crystals. When
*dweller: 거주자 magma cools rapidly, the crystals that ⓕform will be
353. 위 글의 밑줄 친 (C)의 우리말을 주어진 <조건>에
small. In such cases, you can’t easily see individual
알맞게 영작하시오.353)
347. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 어법상 어색한 것을 두 mineral crystals.
*compound: 화합물 <조건>
개 골라 기호를 쓰고 알맞게 고쳐 쓰시오.347)
⦁<보기>의 단어 및 표현을 모두 사용하여 총 14단어
기호 바르게 고친 표현
350. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓕ 중, 어법상 어색한 것을 세 로 영작할 것
(1)___________: ___________________________________________ ⦁관계대명사 that을 사용할 것
개 골라 기호를 쓰고 알맞게 고쳐 쓰시오.350)
(2)___________: ___________________________________________ 기호 어색한 표현 바르게 고친 표현
(1) _______: ____________________ → ____________________ 보기 see / generally large / form / unaided

(2) _______: ____________________ → ____________________

(3) _______: ____________________ → ____________________

348. 위 글의 빈칸 (A)~(D)에 들어갈 단어를 <보기>에서

골라 각각 쓰시오. (단, 중복 사용하지 말 것)348)

go around / divide up / settle down /

보기
fewer / share / integrate / monopolize /
more
(A) _____________________ (B) _____________________ 351. 위 글의 밑줄 친 (A)의 우리말과 같은 뜻이 되도록
<보기>의 단어 및 표현을 알맞게 배열하시오.351)
(C) _____________________ (D) _____________________
amount / of / which / in / the type /
보기 present / and / elements / form / will /
a magma / partly determine / minerals

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 예상문제 고1 예상문제 고1
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 서술형 2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 서술형
유형 D 유형 D

유형 D ┃3월 38번┃
All carbohydrates are ㉠basically sugars. Complex
carbohydrates are the good carbohydrates for your
body. These complex sugar compounds are very
(A)_________ to break down and can trap ㉡another
nutrients like vitamins and minerals in their chains. As
they slowly ㉢break down, the other nutrients ㉣also
release into your body, and can provide you with fuel
for a number of hours. (B)_________ carbohydrates, on
the other hand, are simple sugars. Because their
structure is not (C)_________, they are (D)__________ to
break down and ㉤hold few nutrients for your body
ⓐ그것들이 만들어지는 당 외에. Your body breaks
down these carbohydrates rather quickly and ⓑ그것이
사용할 수 없는 것은 지방으로 바뀌어 몸에 저장된다.
*carbohydrate: 탄수화물 **convert: 바꾸다
354. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ㉠~㉤ 중, 어법상 어색한 것을 두
개 골라 기호를 쓰고 알맞게 고쳐 쓰시오.354)
기호 어색한 표현 바르게 고친 표현
(1) _______: ____________________ → ____________________
(2) _______: ____________________ → ____________________
356. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ의 우리말과 같은 뜻이 되도록 유형 D ┃3월 39번┃ 360. 위 글의 밑줄 친 (D)가 의미하는 바를 다음과 같이
<조건>에 알맞게 영작하시오.356) 표현할 때 빈칸에 들어갈 알맞은 말을 본문에서 찾
People commonly make the mistaken assumption 아 쓰시오.360)
<조건>
ⓐthat because a person has one type of
⦁<보기>의 단어 및 표현을 사용하여 영작할 것 two kinds of information: one (1)____________ of him
characteristic, then they automatically have other
⦁총 9단어로 영작할 것 with the word ‘(2)____________’, and the other with
characteristics which ⓑgo with (A)it. In one study,
university students ⓒgiven descriptions of a guest the word ‘(3)____________’
보기 other than / which / make / from lecturer before he spoke to the group. Half the
students received a description ⓓcontain the word
‘warm’, the other half were told the speaker was
‘cold’. The guest lecturer then led a discussion, ⓔafter
which the students were asked to give (B)their
impressions of (C)him. As expected, there were large
differences between the impressions formed by the
students, depending upon (D)their original information
of the lecturer. It was also found that those students 361. 위 글의 밑줄 친 (E)의 우리말을 주어진 <조건>에
357. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓑ의 우리말과 같은 뜻이 되도록
who expected the lecturer ⓕbeing warm tended to 알맞게 영작하시오.361)
<조건>에 알맞게 영작하시오.357)
interact with him more. This shows that (E)다른 기대
<조건> <조건>
들이 우리가 형성하는 인상뿐만 아니라 우리의 행동 및
⦁<보기>의 단어 및 표현을 사용하여 영작할 것 ⦁<보기>의 단어 및 표현을 사용하여 총 19~20단어
형성되는 관계에도 영향을 미친다.
⦁총 13단어로 영작할 것 로 영작할 것
⦁수동태를 포함할 것
358. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓕ 중, 어법상 어색한 것을 세
보기 convert / store / what 개 골라 기호를 쓰고 알맞게 고쳐 쓰시오.358)
기호 어색한 표현 바르게 고친 표현 expectations / different / not only affect /
보기
the impressions / form / form / behaviour
(1) _______: ____________________ → ____________________

(2) _______: ____________________ → ____________________

(3) _______: ____________________ → ____________________

355. 위 글의 빈칸 (A)~(D)에 들어갈 단어를 <보기>에서

골라 각각 쓰시오. (단, 대·소문자 구분 없음)355)

보기 difficult, bad, complex, good, simple, easy

359. 위 글의 밑줄 친 (A)it, (B)their, (C)him이 가리키
(A) _____________________ (B) _____________________ 는 것을 각각 찾아 쓰시오 . (단 , 빈칸 수에 알맞게
쓸 것)359)
(C) _____________________ (D) _____________________
(A) ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________

(B) ____________ ____________

(C) ____________ ____________ ____________

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 예상문제 고1 예상문제 고1
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 서술형 2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 서술형
유형 D 유형 D

유형 D ┃3월 40번┃
(A)To help deciding what’s risky and what’s safe,
who’s trustworthy and who’s not, we look for social
evidence. From an evolutionary view, following the
group is almost always positive for our prospects of
survival. “(B)If everyone’s done it, it must be a
sensible thing to do,” explains famous psychologist
and best selling writer of Influence, Robert Cialdini.
While we can frequently see this today in product
reviews, even subtler cues within the environment can
signal trustworthiness. Consider this: when you visit a
local restaurant, are they busy? Is there a line outside
or ⓐ자리를 찾기가 쉬운가? ⓑ기다리는 것은 성가신 일
이다, but a line can be ⓒ그 음식이 맛있고, 이 좌석들
은 수요가 많다는 강력한 신호. More often than not,
(C)_____________________________________________________.
*subtle: 미묘한 **hassle: 성가신 일
362. 위 글의 밑줄 친 (A), (B)에서 어법상 어색한 부분을
한 군데씩 찾아 각각 고쳐 쓰시오.362)
(A) ______________________ → ______________________
(B) ______________________ → ______________________
364. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓒ의 우리말을 주어진 <조건>에
알맞게 영작하시오.364)
<조건>
<보기>에 주어진 단어를 활용하여 영작할 것
보기 powerful / tasty / seat / demand / cue / in
365. 위 글의 빈칸 (C)에 들어갈 말이 되도록 <보기>의
단어 및 표현을 알맞게 배열하시오.365)
of / around / you / practices /
보기
those / to / the / good / adopt / it’s
유형 D ┃3월 41~42번┃ 368. 위 글의 밑줄 친 (C)의 우리말을 주어진 <조건>에
알맞게 영작하시오.368)
(A)Chess masters are shown a chess board in the
<조건>
middle of a game for 5 seconds with 20 to 30 pieces
still in play can immediately reproduce the position of  관계대명사 없이 총 16단어로 영작할 것
the pieces from memory. (B)Beginners, of course, are  <보기>에 주어진 단어 및 표현을 순서대로 활용하
able to place only a little. Now ⓐtake the same 되 필요시 변형할 것
pieces and place them on the board randomly and
the difference is much reduced. The expert’s repeat / a sequence / make up /
advantage is only for familiar patterns — those 보기
a routine / well / order / randomly
previously ⓑstore in memory. ⓒFacing with unfamiliar
patterns, even when it involves the same familiar
domain, the expert’s advantage ⓓdisappears.
The beneficial effects of familiar structure on
memory ⓔhave been observed for many types of
expertise, including music. People with musical
training can reproduce short sequences of musical
notation more accurately than ⓕthat with no musical
training when notes follow conventional sequences,
369. 위 글의 빈칸 (D)에 들어갈 말이 되도록 <보기>의
but the advantage is much reduced when the notes
단어 및 표현을 알맞게 배열하시오. (필요시 변형할
ⓖare ordered randomly. Expertise also improves 것)369)
memory for sequences of movements. Experienced
ballet dancers are able to repeat longer sequences of recognize / the ability / be / familiar /
steps than less experienced dancers, and (C)그들은 무 보기 by / to / increase / memory range /
작위로 배열된 스텝들보다 정해진 춤 동작을 이루는 스 sequences and patterns
텝들의 연속을 더 잘 반복할 수 있다. In each case,
(D)_________________________________________________________.
*expertise: 전문 지식 **sequence: 연속, 순서
***musical notation: 악보

366. 위 글의 밑줄 친 (A), (B)에서 어법상 어색한 부분을

363. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ, ⓑ의 우리말을 주어진 <조건> 한 군데씩 찾아 각각 고쳐 쓰시오.366)
에 알맞게 영작하시오.363)
(A) ______________________ → ______________________
<조건>
 ⓐ, ⓑ 둘 다 가주어-진주어 구문으로 영작할 것 (B) ______________________ → ______________________
 ⓐ는 총 7단어, ⓑ는 총 6단어로 영작할 것
 <보기>에 주어진 단어 및 표현을 활용하여 영작할 것

보기 a hassle / a seat / find

367. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓖ 중, 어법상 어색한 것을 세
ⓐ _______________________________________________________ 개 골라 기호를 쓰고 알맞게 고쳐 쓰시오.367)

ⓑ _______________________________________________________ (1) _______: ____________________ → ____________________

(2) _______: ____________________ → ____________________

(3) _______: ____________________ → ____________________

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2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 서술형 2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 서술형
유형 D 유형 D

유형 D ┃3월 43~45번┃ 371. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓑ의 우리말을 주어진 <조건>에 대의 파악 · 요약문 완성 유형 D ┃3월 20번┃

Once upon a time, there was a king who lived in a
beautiful palace. While the king was away, a monster
approached the gates of the palace. ⓐ그 괴물이 너무
추하고 냄새가 나서 경비병들은 충격으로 얼어붙었다.
He passed the guards and sat on the king’s throne.
The guards soon came to their senses, went in, and
shouted at the monster, ⓑ그에게 그 왕좌에서 내려올
것을 요구했다.
(A)With each bad words the guards used, the
monster grew more ugly and smelly. The guards got
even angrier — they began to brandish their swords
to scare the monster away from the palace. (B)But he
just grew bigger and bigger, eventually taken up the
whole room. He grew more ugly and smelly than
ever.
Eventually the king returned. He was wise and kind
and saw what was happening. He knew what to do.
He smiled and said to the monster, “Welcome to my
palace!” He asked the monster if he wanted a cup of
coffee. The monster began to grow smaller as he
drank the coffee.
The king offered him some take-out pizza and fries.
The guards immediately called for pizza. The monster
continued to get smaller with the king’s kind
gestures. He then offered the monster a full body
massage. As the guards helped with the relaxing
massage, the monster became tiny. (C)_________________
____________________________, he just disappeared.
*throne: 왕좌 **brandish: 휘두르다
370. 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ의 우리말과 같은 뜻이 되도록
<보기>의 단어를 알맞게 배열하시오. (단, 2단어를
반드시 추가할 것)370)
in / and / froze / monster / shock /
보기
ugly / was / guards / the / smelly / the
알맞게 영작하시오.371)
<조건>
 총 6단어의 분사구문으로 영작할 것
 <보기>에 주어진 단어를 활용하되, 필요시 변형할 것
보기 get / demand / throne / off
372. 위 글의 밑줄 친 (A), (B)에서 어법상 어색한 부분을
한 군데씩 찾아 각각 고쳐 쓰시오.372)
(A) ______________________ → ______________________
(B) ______________________ → ______________________
373. 위 글의 빈칸 (C)에 들어갈 말이 되도록 <보기>의
단어를 알맞게 배열하시오.373)
with / kindness / of / the /
보기
another / monster / to / act
375. 다음 글의 요약문을 아래와 같이 쓸 때, 빈칸에 들
유형 D ┃3월 18번┃
374. 다음 글의 목적을 아래와 같이 쓸 때, 빈칸에 들어
갈 알맞은 말을 본문에서 찾아 쓰시오.374)
To whom it may concern,
I am a resident of the Blue Sky Apartment. Recently
I observed that the kid zone is in need of repairs. I
want you to pay attention to the poor condition of
the playground equipment in the zone. The swings
are damaged, the paint is falling off, and some of
the bolts on the slide are missing. The facilities have
been in this terrible condition since we moved here.
They are dangerous to the children playing there.
Would you please have them repaired? I would
appreciate your immediate attention to solve this
matter.
Yours sincerely,
Nina Davis
to point out the _____________ _____________ of the
playground equipment in the kid zone and suggest
that the _____________ should be _____________
376. 다음 글의 제목을 아래와 같이 쓸 때, 빈칸에 들어
어갈 알맞은 말을 본문에서 찾아 각각 한 단어로 쓰
시오. (필요시 변형할 것)375)
It is difficult for any of us to maintain a constant
level of attention throughout our working day. We all
have body rhythms characterised by peaks and valleys
of energy and alertness. You will achieve more, and
feel confident as a benefit, if you schedule your most
demanding tasks at times when you are best able to
cope with them. If you haven’t thought about energy
peaks before, take a few days to observe yourself. Try
to note the times when you are at your best. We are
all different. For some, the peak will come first thing
in the morning, but for others it may take a while to
warm up.
*alertness: 기민함
We need to grasp the time when we reach our
_____________ levels of energy and do the most
_____________ _____________, which is because our
_____________ isn’t _____________ maintained throughout
our working day.
유형 D ┃3월 21번┃
갈 알맞은 말을 본문에서 찾아 각각 한 단어로 쓰시
오. (필요시 변형하고 각 단어의 첫 철자는 대문자로
쓸 것)376)
If we adopt technology, we need to pay its costs.
Thousands of traditional livelihoods have been pushed
aside by progress, and the lifestyles around those
jobs removed. Hundreds of millions of humans today
work at jobs they hate, producing things they have
no love for. Sometimes these jobs cause physical
pain, disability, or chronic disease. Technology creates
many new jobs that are certainly dangerous. At the
same time, mass education and media train humans
to avoid low-tech physical work, to seek jobs working
in the digital world. The divorce of the hands from
the head puts a stress on the human mind. Indeed,
the sedentary nature of the best-paying jobs is a
health risk — for body and mind.
*chronic: 만성의 **sedentary: 주로 앉아서 하는

Prices That We Should Pay for the _______________ of

_______________

- 108 - - 109 -
 예상문제
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 D
유형 D ┃3월 22번┃
377. 다음 글의 요약문을 아래와 같이 쓸 때, 빈칸에 들
어갈 알맞은 말을 본문에서 찾아 각각 한 단어로 쓰
시오.377)
When students are starting their college life, they
may approach every course, test, or learning task the
same way, using what we like to call “the
rubber-stamp approach.” Think about it this way:
Would you wear a tuxedo to a baseball game? A
colorful dress to a funeral? A bathing suit to religious
services? Probably not. You know there’s appropriate
dress for different occasions and settings. Skillful
learners know that “putting on the same clothes”
won’t work for every class. They are flexible learners.
They have different strategies and know when to use
them. They know that you study for multiple-choice
tests differently than you study for essay tests. And
they not only know what to do, but they also know
how to do it.
_____________ learners have _____________ learning
methods suitable for different situations, knowing
_____________ and _____________ they should use them.
유형 D ┃3월 26번┃
378. 다음 글의 제목을 아래와 같이 쓸 때, 빈칸에 들어
갈 알맞은 말을 본문에서 찾아 쓰시오.378)
Lilian Bland was born in Kent, England in 1878.
Unlike most other girls at the time she wore trousers
and spent her time enjoying adventurous activities
like horse riding and hunting. Lilian began her career
as a sports and wildlife photographer for British
newspapers. In 1910 she became the first woman to
design, build, and fly her own airplane. In order to
persuade her to try a slightly safer activity, Lilian’s
dad bought her a car. Soon Lilian was a master
driver and ended up working as a car dealer. She
never went back to flying but lived a long and
exciting life nonetheless. She married, moved to
Canada, and had a kid. Eventually, she moved back
to England, and lived there for the rest of her life.
An Exciting Life of Lilian Bland: The First Woman to
_____________, _____________, and _____________ _____________
_____________ _____________
- 110 -
고1
서술형
유형 D ┃3월 23번┃
379. 다음 글의 요지를 아래와 같이 쓸 때, 빈칸에 들어
갈 알맞은 말을 본문에서 찾아 각각 한 단어로 쓰시
오.379)
As the social and economic situation of countries
got better, wage levels and working conditions
improved. Gradually people were given more time off.
At the same time, forms of transport improved and it
became faster and cheaper to get to places.
England’s industrial revolution led to many of these
changes. Railways, in the nineteenth century, opened
up now famous seaside resorts such as Blackpool and
Brighton. With the railways came many large hotels.
In Canada, for example, the new coast-to-coast
railway system made possible the building of such
famous hotels as Banff Springs and Chateau Lake
Louise in the Rockies. Later, the arrival of air
transport opened up more of the world and led to
tourism growth.
Along with the improvement of wage levels and
working conditions, forms of transport such as
_______________ and air transport made a progress,
bringing about the development of _______________.
예상문제 고1
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 서술형
유형 D
유형 D ┃3월 24번┃ 유형 D ┃3월 29번┃
380. 다음 글의 요지를 아래와 같이 쓸 때, 빈칸에 들어 382. 다음 글의 요지를 아래와 같이 쓸 때, 빈칸에 들어
갈 알맞은 말을 본문에서 찾아 쓰시오. (필요시 변형 갈 알맞은 말을 본문에서 찾아 각각 쓰시오. (빈칸
할 것)380) 수에 맞게 쓸 것)382)
Success can lead you off your intended path and The most noticeable human characteristic projected
into a comfortable rut. If you are good at something onto animals is that they can talk in human
and are well rewarded for doing it, you may want to language. Physically, animal cartoon characters and
keep doing it even if you stop enjoying it. The toys made after animals are also most often
danger is that one day you look around and realize deformed in such a way as to resemble humans. This
you’re so deep in this comfortable rut that you can is achieved by showing them with humanlike facial
no longer see the sun or breathe fresh air; the sides features and deformed front legs to resemble human
of the rut have become so slippery that it would hands. In more recent animated movies the trend has
take a superhuman effort to climb out; and, been to show the animals in a more “natural” way.
effectively, you’re stuck. And it’s a situation that many However, they still use their front legs like human
working people worry they’re in now. The poor hands (for example, lions can pick up and lift small
employment market has left them feeling locked in objects with one paw), and they still talk with an
what may be a secure, or even well-paying — but appropriate facial expression. A general strategy that
ultimately unsatisfying — job. is used to make the animal characters more
*rut: 틀에 박힌 생활 emotionally appealing, both to children and adults, is
to give them enlarged and deformed childlike
_____________ in the job leaves us staying in what we features.
are _____________ with by making us feel _____________ *deform: 변형하다 **paw: (동물의) 발
or well-paid.
____________ ____________ are often made to look and
behave like ____________.
유형 D ┃3월 31번┃
381. 다음 글의 요지를 아래와 같이 쓸 때, 빈칸에 들어
갈 알맞은 말을 본문에서 찾아 각각 한 단어로 쓰시
오. (필요시 어법에 맞게 변형할 것)381)
People differ in how quickly they can reset their
biological clocks to overcome jet lag, and the speed
of recovery depends on the direction of travel.
Generally, it’s easier to fly westward and lengthen
your day than it is to fly eastward and shorten it.
This east-west difference in jet lag is sizable enough
to have an impact on the performance of sports
teams. Studies have found that teams flying westward
perform significantly better than teams flying eastward
in professional baseball and college football. A more
recent study of more than 46,000 Major League
Baseball games found additional evidence that
eastward travel is tougher than westward travel.
*jet lag: 시차로 인한 피로감
____________ jet lag can be easier when you travel
____________ than when you travel in the opposite
____________.
- 111 -
 예상문제
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 D
유형 D ┃3월 30번┃
383. 다음 글의 요지를 아래와 같이 쓸 때, 빈칸에 들어
갈 알맞은 말을 본문에서 찾아 각각 한 단어로 쓰시
오. (변형 없이 그대로 쓸 것)383)
The major philosophical shift in the idea of selling
came when industrial societies became more affluent,
more competitive, and more geographically spread
out during the 1940s and 1950s. This forced business
to develop closer relations with buyers and clients,
which in turn made business realize that it was not
enough to produce a quality product at a reasonable
price. In fact, it was equally essential to deliver
products that customers actually wanted. Henry Ford
produced his best-selling T-model Ford in one color
only (black) in 1908, but in modern societies this was
no longer possible. The modernization of society led
to a marketing revolution that destroyed the view
that production would create its own demand.
Customers, and the desire to meet their diverse and
often complex needs, became the focus of business.
*affluent: 부유한
The ___________ of society gave rise to a marketing
___________, which moved the focus of business from
production to ___________.
- 112 -
고1
서술형
유형 D ┃3월 32번┃
384. 다음 글의 필자가 주장하는 바를 아래와 같이 쓸 때,
빈칸에 들어갈 알맞은 말을 본문에서 찾아 각각 한
단어로 쓰시오. (필요시 어법에 맞게 변형할 것)384)
If you want the confidence that comes from
achieving what you set out to do each day, then it’s
important to understand how long things are going
to take. Over-optimism about what can be achieved
within a certain time frame is a problem. So work on
it. Make a practice of estimating the amount of time
needed alongside items on your ‘things to do’ list,
and learn by experience when tasks take a greater or
lesser time than expected. Give attention also to
fitting the task to the available time. There are some
tasks that you can only set about if you have a
significant amount of time available. There is no point
in trying to gear up for such a task when you only
have a short period available. So schedule the time
you need for the longer tasks and put the short
tasks into the spare moments in between.
*gear up: 준비를 갖추다, 대비하다
To achieve your daily tasks and gain __________
through it, you need to __________ the amount of
time required for each task and arrange the tasks
based on the __________ available for the longer
tasks.
예상문제
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 D
유형 D ┃3월 33번┃
385. 다음 글의 요지를 아래와 같이 쓸 때, 빈칸 (A), (B)
에 들어갈 알맞은 말을 본문에서 찾아 쓰시오. (필요
시 변형하고, 빈칸 수에 맞게 쓸 것)385)
In Lewis Carroll’s Through the Looking-Glass, the
Red Queen takes Alice on a race through the
countryside. They run and they run, but then Alice
discovers that they’re still under the same tree that
they started from. The Red Queen explains to Alice:
“here, you see, it takes all the running you can do,
to keep in the same place.” Biologists sometimes use
this Red Queen Effect to explain an evolutionary
principle. If foxes evolve to run faster so they can
catch more rabbits, then only the fastest rabbits will
live long enough to make a new generation of
bunnies that run even faster — in which case, of
course, only the fastest foxes will catch enough
rabbits to thrive and pass on their genes. Even
though they might run, the two species just stay in
place.
*thrive: 번성하다
The Red Queen Effect explains that when a species
(A)________, its counterpart also (A)________ to thrive,
so both species keep in (B)________________________
even though they have moved forward.
(A) ______________
(B) ______________ ______________ ______________
- 113 -
고1
서술형
유형 D ┃3월 34번┃
386. 다음 글의 제목을 아래와 같이 쓸 때, 빈칸에 들어
갈 알맞은 말을 본문에서 찾아 쓰시오. (단, 대문자
로 시작하여 쓸 것)386)
Everything in the world around us was finished in
the mind of its creator before it was started. The
houses we live in, the cars we drive, and our clothing
— all of these began with an idea. Each idea was
then studied, refined and perfected before the first
nail was driven or the first piece of cloth was cut.
Long before the idea was turned into a physical
reality, the mind had clearly pictured the finished
product. The human being designs his or her own
future through much the same process. We begin
with an idea about how the future will be. Over a
period of time we refine and perfect the vision.
Before long, our every thought, decision and activity
are all working in harmony to bring into existence
what we have mentally concluded about the future.
*refine: 다듬다
How We Human Beings Design Our ______________: It
All Starts from a(n) ______________
유형 D ┃3월 35번┃
387. 다음 글의 요지를 아래와 같이 쓸 때, 빈칸에 들어
갈 알맞은 말을 본문에서 찾아 쓰시오. (빈칸 수에
맞게 쓸 것)387)
Whose story it is affects what the story is. Change
the main character, and the focus of the story must
also change. If we look at the events through
another character’s eyes, we will interpret them
differently. We’ll place our sympathies with someone
new. When the conflict arises that is the heart of the
story, we will be praying for a different outcome.
Consider, for example, how the tale of Cinderella
would shift if told from the viewpoint of an evil
stepsister. Gone with the Wind is Scarlett O’Hara’s
story, but what if we were shown the same events
from the viewpoint of Rhett Butler or Melanie Wilkes?
*sympathy: 공감
From which _____________ _____________ a story is told
influences what the story tells about.
 예상문제
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 D
유형 D ┃3월 36번┃
388. 다음 글의 요약문을 아래와 같이 쓸 때, 빈칸 (A),
(B), (C)에 들어갈 알맞은 말을 본문에서 찾아 각각
한 단어로 쓰시오. (필요시 변형할 것)388)
In the Old Stone Age, small bands of 20 to 60
people wandered from place to place in search of
food. Once people began farming, they could settle
down near their farms. As a result, towns and villages
grew larger. Living in communities allowed people to
organize themselves more efficiently. They could
divide up the work of producing food and other
things they needed. While some workers grew crops,
others built new houses and made tools. Village
dwellers also learned to work together to do a task
faster. For example, toolmakers could share the work
of making stone axes and knives. By working
together, they could make more tools in the same
amount of time.
*dweller: 거주자
The beginning of (A)____________ allowed people to
settle down in one place and live in groups, and
they could organize themselves more efficiently and
work (B)____________ as they divided the labor and
(C)____________ in cooperation with each other.
(A) _____________________ (B) _____________________
(C) _____________________
- 114 -
고1
서술형
유형 D ┃3월 37번┃
389. 다음 글의 요약문을 아래와 같이 쓸 때, 빈칸에 들
어갈 알맞은 말을 본문에서 찾아 각각 한 단어로 쓰
시오. (필요시 변형할 것)389)
Natural processes form minerals in many ways. For
example, hot melted rock material, called magma,
cools when it reaches the Earth’s surface, or even if
it’s trapped below the surface. As magma cools, its
atoms lose heat energy, move closer together, and
begin to combine into compounds. During this
process, atoms of the different compounds arrange
themselves into orderly, repeating patterns. The type
and amount of elements present in a magma partly
determine which minerals will form. Also, the size of
the crystals that form depending partly on how
rapidly the magma cools. When magma cools slowly,
the crystals that form are generally large enough to
see with the unaided eye. This is because the atoms
have enough time to move together and form into
larger crystals. When magma cools rapidly, the
crystals that form will be small. In such cases, you
can’t easily see individual mineral crystals.
*compound: 화합물
One of many ways that natural processes form
minerals is seen when ____________ cools near the
Earth’s surface; diverse types of minerals can form
depending on the ____________ and ____________ of
elements in the magma, and the ____________ of the
crystals is partly determined by the magma’s
____________ speed.
예상문제
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 D
유형 D ┃3월 38번┃
390. 다음 글의 요약문을 아래와 같이 쓸 때, 빈칸
(A)~(E)에 들어갈 알맞은 말을 본문에서 찾아 각각
한 단어로 쓰시오. (필요시 변형할 것)390)
All carbohydrates are basically sugars. Complex
carbohydrates are the good carbohydrates for your
body. These complex sugar compounds are very
difficult to break down and can trap other nutrients
like vitamins and minerals in their chains. As they
slowly break down, the other nutrients are also
released into your body, and can provide you with
fuel for a number of hours. Bad carbohydrates, on
the other hand, are simple sugars. Because their
structure is not complex, they are easy to break
down and hold few nutrients for your body other
than the sugars from which they are made. Your
body breaks down these carbohydrates rather quickly
and what it cannot use is converted to fat and
stored in the body.
*carbohydrate: 탄수화물 **convert: 바꾸다
(A)____________ can divide into two, good and bad
ones: one consists of (B)___________ sugars difficult
to (C)___________ ___________ and keep (D)___________
in their chain, and the other is (E)___________ sugars,
which (C)___________ ___________ easily and quickly
and contain (F)___________ nutrients.
- 115 -
고1
서술형
유형 D ┃3월 39번┃
391. 다음 글의 요약문을 아래와 같이 쓸 때, 빈칸에 들
어갈 알맞은 말을 본문에서 찾아 각각 한 단어로 쓰
시오. (필요시 변형할 것)391)
People commonly make the mistaken assumption
that because a person has one type of characteristic,
then they automatically have other characteristics
which go with it. In one study, university students
were given descriptions of a guest lecturer before he
spoke to the group. Half the students received a
description containing the word ‘warm’, the other half
were told the speaker was ‘cold’. The guest lecturer
then led a discussion, after which the students were
asked to give their impressions of him. As expected,
there were large differences between the impressions
formed by the students, depending upon their
original information of the lecturer. It was also found
that those students who expected the lecturer to be
warm tended to interact with him more. This shows
that different expectations not only affect the
impressions we form but also our behaviour and the
relationship which is formed.
As the two groups of students ____________ in
responses on the guest lecturer based on the prior
____________ they had got, our ____________ and the
____________ as well as the ____________ depend on
our assumption.
 예상문제
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 D
유형 D ┃3월 40번┃
392. 다음 글의 요지를 아래와 같이 쓸 때, 빈칸 (A)~(C)에
들어갈 말을 주어진 <조건>에 알맞게 쓰시오.392)
To help decide what’s risky and what’s safe, who’s
trustworthy and who’s not, we look for social
evidence. From an evolutionary view, following the
group is almost always positive for our prospects of
survival. “If everyone’s doing it, it must be a sensible
thing to do,” explains famous psychologist and best
selling writer of Influence, Robert Cialdini. While we
can frequently see this today in product reviews, even
subtler cues within the environment can signal
trustworthiness. Consider this: when you visit a local
restaurant, are they busy? Is there a line outside or is
it easy to find a seat? It is a hassle to wait, but a
line can be a powerful cue that the food’s tasty, and
these seats are in demand. More often than not, it’s
good to adopt the practices of those around you.
*subtle: 미묘한 **hassle: 성가신 일
When you decide something in (A)___________________
situations, following (B)___________________ is likely to
lead to a (C)___________________ decision.
<조건>
<보기>에 주어진 단어 및 표현 중 알맞은 것을 골라
쓸 것
suitable / unsuitable / uncertain / certain /
보기 the majority / the minority /
your own opinions
(A) __________________________________________________
(B) __________________________________________________
(C) __________________________________________________
- 116 -
고1
서술형
유형 D ┃3월 41~42번┃
393. 다음 글의 제목을 아래와 같이 쓸 때, 빈칸에 들어
갈 알맞은 말을 본문에서 찾아 쓰시오. (단, 첫 철자
는 대문자로 쓸 것)393)
Chess masters shown a chess board in the middle
of a game for 5 seconds with 20 to 30 pieces still in
play can immediately reproduce the position of the
pieces from memory. Beginners, of course, are able to
place only a few. Now take the same pieces and
place them on the board randomly and the difference
is much reduced. The expert’s advantage is only for
familiar patterns — those previously stored in memory.
Faced with unfamiliar patterns, even when it involves
the same familiar domain, the expert’s advantage
disappears.
The beneficial effects of familiar structure on
memory have been observed for many types of
expertise, including music. People with musical
training can reproduce short sequences of musical
notation more accurately than those with no musical
training when notes follow conventional sequences,
but the advantage is much reduced when the notes
are ordered randomly. Expertise also improves
memory for sequences of movements. Experienced
ballet dancers are able to repeat longer sequences of
steps than less experienced dancers, and they can
repeat a sequence of steps making up a routine
better than steps ordered randomly. In each case,
memory range is increased by the ability to recognize
familiar sequences and patterns.
*expertise: 전문 지식 **sequence: 연속, 순서
***musical notation: 악보
The _______________ of _______________ Patterns for the
_______________‘s Memory
예상문제 고1
2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 서술형
유형 D
유형 D ┃3월 43~45번┃
394. 다음 글의 제목을 아래와 같이 쓸 때, 빈칸에 들어
갈 알맞은 말을 본문에서 찾아 쓰시오. (단, 첫 철자
는 대문자로 쓸 것)394)
Once upon a time, there was a king who lived in a
beautiful palace. While the king was away, a monster
approached the gates of the palace. The monster was
so ugly and smelly that the guards froze in shock. He
passed the guards and sat on the king’s throne. The
guards soon came to their senses, went in, and
shouted at the monster, demanding that he get off
the throne.
With each bad word the guards used, the monster
grew more ugly and smelly. The guards got even
angrier — they began to brandish their swords to
scare the monster away from the palace. But he just
grew bigger and bigger, eventually taking up the
whole room. He grew more ugly and smelly than
ever.
Eventually the king returned. He was wise and kind
and saw what was happening. He knew what to do.
He smiled and said to the monster, “Welcome to my
palace!” He asked the monster if he wanted a cup of
coffee. The monster began to grow smaller as he
drank the coffee.
The king offered him some take-out pizza and fries.
The guards immediately called for pizza. The monster
continued to get smaller with the king’s kind
gestures. He then offered the monster a full body
massage. As the guards helped with the relaxing
massage, the monster became tiny. With another act
of kindness to the monster, he just disappeared.
*throne: 왕좌 **brandish: 휘두르다
A King's _____________ Defeats a _____________
- 117 -
 예상문제┃정답 2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 고1 예상문제┃정답 2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 고1

39) ④ ㉢ solve → address 111) ⑤: [지문 변형] (D) the time you need → the
40) ③ 81) ③: [지문 변형] ⓑ joy → delight time which you need
41) ③ ⓒ about → around 112) ②: ⓑ are things → things are
42) ④ ⓖ clearly → obviously ⓔ There is → There are
43) ② *ⓓ가 포함된 문장은 원래 I froze. 였음 ⓕ will have → have

44) ① 82) ②: [지문 변형] ㉠ walk → walking 113) ②, ⑤: [지문 변형] ㉤을 포함한 문장(There is ~ period
유형 A ㉢ This was no longer a wonderful ~ → No available.)에서 when you 뒤에 only 생략되었음
45) ⑤
1) ④ longer was this an amazing ~ 114) ④: [지문 변형] (C) thrive → flourish
46) ④
2) ④ 83) ④ 115) ③: [지문 변형] ㉡은 목적격 관계대명사로 원래 지
47) ⑤
3) ② 84) ②, ④ 문에서 생략되어 있음
48) ②
4) ① 85) ②: [지문 변형] (A) characterised → that are characterised 116) ①, ⑤
49) ④
(B) when → at which 117) ③: [지문 변형] (C) refine and perfect → polish
5) ① 50) ③
86) ⑤ 118) ②
6) ② 51) ②
87) ③, ⑤ 119) ①
7) ③ 52) ⑤
88) ④: [지문 변형] ⓒ는 목적격 관계대명사 that 또는 120) ①, ②
8) ⑤ 53) ③
which로 원래 지문에서 생략되어 있었음 [지문 변형] ⓐ affects → has something to do with
9) ① 54) ④
89) ①: [지문 변형] ㉡ things → things that 121) ④
10) ④ 55) ③
㉢ that → which 122) ④
11) ⑤ 56) ②
90) ①: [지문 변형] (A) When students are starting ~ , 123) ②, ⑤
12) ④ 57) ③ they may → Starting ~ , students may 124) ④
13) ② 58) ⑤ (C) there’s → there is
125) ③
14) ① 59) ⑤ (D) they not only → not only do they
126) ③
15) ② 60) ③ 91) ②, ⑤
127) ③: ㉠ trapped → is trapped
16) ① 61) ① [지문 변형] flexible → adaptable
㉡ While → During
17) ③ 62) ② 92) ②
㉢ depending → depends
18) ③ 63) ③ 93) ② *㉠은 원래 지문에서 it’s trapped였음
19) ④ 64) ④: ㉣은 bad carbohydrates를 가리킨다. 94) ② [지문 변형] ㉤ that → which
20) ② 65) ⑤ 95) ③ 128) ④
21) ② 66) ④ 96) ①: ⓕ insecure → secure 129) ②, ④
22) ③ 67) ③ [지문 변형] ⓒ danger → risk 130) ①: ㉣ Because of → Because
23) ⑤ 68) ④ ⓓ superhuman → enormous [지문 변형] ㉥ stored → is stored
24) ② 69) ① 97) ②, ④ 131) ⑤
25) ④ 70) ④ 98) ③ 132) ③, ④
26) ② 71) ③ 99) ④, ⑤ 133) ②: [지문 변형] ⓑ which → that
27) ③: *ⓒ는 원래 지문에서 safer 였음 72) ② 100) ⑤ ⓒ는 명사절 접속사 that 자리로 원래 지문에서
28) ⑤ 73) ② 101) ③, ④ 생략되어 있었음
29) ④ 74) ① 102) ③: ⓑ are → is ⓒ being → are 134) ②, ③, ⑤
30) ① 75) ② ⓕ making → make ⓖ being → is 135) ①
31) ③ 76) ⑤ 103) ②, ⑤ 136) ②, ③
32) ④ 77) ③ 104) ①, ③ 137) ⑤: [지문 변형] ㉠ everyone‘s → everyone is
33) ⑤ 105) ③, ⑤ 138) ③
34) ① 106) ④ 139) ③: ⓑ familiar → unfamiliar
유형 B
35) ③ 107) ① ⓒ excluding → including
78) ①: ⓔ suited → dangerous
36) ⑤ 108) ①, ③ ⓔ shorter → longer
[지문 변형] ⓕ immediate → prompt
37) ① 109) ① 140) ④
79) ⑤: [지문 변형] (C) playing → who play
38) ② 110) ③ 141) ③
80) ①: [지문 변형] ㉠ poor → bad

- 118 - - 119 -
 예상문제┃정답
142) ①, ③: [지문 변형] ㉤ kindness → hospitality
143) ①: [지문 변형] (B)는 목적격 관계대명사로 원래 지
문에서 생략되어 있음
유형 C
144) ③：아파트 거주자가 관계자에게 놀이터 설비의 열
악한 상태에 대해 언급하며 놀이터 시설들을
수리해 달라고 요청하는 내용의 글이다. 따라
서 글의 주제로 ③ ‘놀이터에 있는 시설들을
수리해 달라는 요청’이 가장 적절하다.
① 오래된 놀이터를 없애달라는 요청
② 놀이터 안전 비결에 대한 안내
④ 아파트의 부실 공사에 대한 항의
⑤ 터무니없는 아파트 관리비에 대한 항의
145) ③：‘I‘가 로키산맥을 여행하다가 회색곰을 보고 처
음에는 기분이 좋았지만, 그것이 먹을 고기를
찾으며 자신의 냄새를 맡고 있다는 생각이 들
어 얼어붙었다고 했으므로, ③의 urgent(긴급
한)가 글의 분위기에 어울리는 단어로 알맞다.
① 지루한 ② 엄숙한 ④ 감동적인 ⑤ 신비로운
146) ③：자신의 에너지가 정점일 때를 파악하여 그 시
간을 활용하는 것이 효과적이라는 내용의 글이
다. 따라서 글의 제목으로 ③ ‘여러분의 에너지
가 언제 정점인지 찾아라’가 가장 적절하다.
① 몸이 건강해야 마음이 건강하다
② 자신감 있는 사람들의 특징
④ 감정 기복을 일으키는 몇 가지 요인들
⑤ 누적된 스트레스가 집중력에 어떻게 영향을
미칠까?
147) ②: 기술의 적용으로 상당한 생활 방식의 변화가
일어났고 위험한 일자리도 많이 생겨났으며 큰
육체 노동을 필요로 하지 않는 일들을 하게 되
면서 여러 가지 신체적 정신적 건강에 위협을
받고 있다는 내용의 글이므로 글의 주제로 ②
‘기술의 도입이 노동자로서의 인간에게 미치는
영향’이 가장 알맞다.
① 현대 생활 방식과 관련된 만성 질환들
③ 진보된 기술과 디지털 문해력
④ 육체 노동자들이 가진 건강 위험 요소
⑤ 디지털 세상에서 가장 많은 보수와 가장 형
편없는 보수를 받는 직업 간의 급여 차이
148) ③: 숙련된 학습자는 다양한 전략을 가지고 각기
다른 상황에서 유연하게 적절한 전략을 사용한
다고 설명하고 있으므로 글의 제목으로 ③ ‘성
공적인 학습자가 되기 위해 유연해져라’가 가
장 알맞다.
① 대학 생활에서 기대하는 것
② 시험에서 좋은 성적을 받는 비결
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2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 고1
④ 대학 논술을 위한 특별 전략
⑤ 패션 디자이너와 대학생의 유사점
149) ④ :사람들의 임금 수준과 근로 여건이 개선되고
운송 수단과 환경이 개선되어 관광 산업이 성
장하게 되었다는 설명을 하고 있으므로 글의
제목으로 ④ ‘관광 산업의 성장에 기여한 것’이
가장 알맞다.
① 철도가 어떻게 성장하고 쇠퇴하는지
② 관광지를 홍보하는 방법
③ 지역의 접근성을 더 좋게 만드는 방법
⑤ 사회 경제적 요인들이 산업 혁명에 어떤 영
향을 미쳤는지
150) ④：직업적 성공이 의도치 않게 틀에 박힌 생활의
안락함의 늪에 빠뜨려 궁극적으로 만족스럽지
못한 일자리에 갇혀 있다는 느낌을 주게 할 수
있다는 내용이므로 필자의 주장으로 ④가 가장
알맞다.
151) ⑤：잉글랜드에서 태어난 Lilian Bland의 생애에 대
한 글로 그녀는 당시 여성들과는 다른 어린 시
절을 보냈으며, 사진 기자이자, 비행기를 설계,
제작하고 비행한 최초의 여성이었으며 자동차
운전에도 뛰어났고, 자동차 판매원으로 일하기
도 했다고 했으므로, ⑤ ‘삶을 흥미진진함으로
가득 채웠던 선구적인 여성’이 제목으로 가장
적절하다.
① 누가 비행기를 발명했을까?
② 자동차 판매원이 된 최초의 여성
③ 잉글랜드 교육 체제의 변화
④ 여성 평등 운동의 선구자
152) ④：만화나 만화 영화에 등장하는 동물이나 동물을
본떠 만든 장난감의 동물 캐릭터들은 인간과
같은 얼굴 특징과 사람의 손을 닮게 변형된 앞
다리와 같이 인간을 닮게 하는 방식으로 변형
되는 경우가 많다는 점을 설명했으므로, ④ ‘인
간을 닮도록 변형된 동물 캐릭터들’이 글의 주
제로 알맞다.
① 어린이와 어른 모두에게 인기 있는 만화 영
화의 공통점
② 인간과 동물의 관계를 다룬 만화 영화
③ 동물들의 모습을 있는 그대로 보여주는 최
근의 만화 영화
⑤ 인간의 언어와 감정에 대한 동물들의 이해
153) ③：1940년대와 1950년대 동안 산업 사회에 일어
난 변화로 판매 개념이 달라지면서 기업은 고
객과 관계가 긴밀해지고 그들의 다양한 욕구를
충족하는 것에 집중하게 되었다는 내용이므로,
③ ‘고객과 그들의 다양한 욕구에 주목하게 된
기업’이 주제로 알맞다.
예상문제┃정답
① 마케팅 혁명으로 인한 자동차 디자인의 변화
② 합리적인 가격으로 양질의 제품을 생산하려
는 기업들의 노력
④ 현대 사회에서 고객 요구가 다양해진 배경
⑤ 사회의 현대화로 인한 생산과 수요의 증가
154) ②：시차에서 회복하는 속도는 이동 방향에 달려 있
는데 동쪽으로 이동하는 것보다 서쪽으로 이동
하는 것이 시차에서 회복하는 데 유리하기 때문
에 서쪽으로 비행하는 팀이 동쪽으로 비행하는
팀보다 프로 야구와 대학 미식축구에서 상당히
더 잘한다는 연구 결과도 있다는 내용이므로, ②
‘서쪽으로 이동하는 것의 상대적 이점’이 제목으
로 알맞다.
① 시차 적응을 위한 유용한 비결
③ 메이저 리그 야구 선수들의 피로 해소 방법
④ 장거리 이동이 스포츠 경기력에 미치는 영향
⑤ 메이저 리그 야구 관전 포인트
155) ②：‘해야 할 일’ 목록에 있는 항목과 함께 필요한
시간의 양을 추산하는 것을 습관화하라고 했으
며, 이용할 수 있는 시간이 짧은 시간밖에 없
을 때 시간이 상당히 있어야만 시작할 수 있는
과제를 위해 준비하느라 애쓰는 것은 무의미하
다고 했으므로, ② ‘작업 기간에 따라 시간을
할당해야 한다.’가 필자의 의견으로 알맞다.
① 일을 끝낼 수 없다면 아예 시작하지 않는
것이 좋다.
③ 시간을 지키는 것이 일의 완성도보다 더 중
요하다.
④ 시간이 많이 걸리는 일보다 시간이 조금 걸
리는 일을 먼저 해야 한다.
⑤ 비관적인 성격을 가진 사람들이 낙관적인 성
격을 가진 사람들보다 시간을 더 잘 활용한다.
156) ④：아무리 달려도 제자리를 벗어나지 못하는 ‘Red
Queen Effect’를 진화에 적용하여 일종의 상대
적 교착 상태를 설명하는 글이다. 따라서 글의
제목으로 ④ ‘결국 소용 없는 달리기: 붉은 여
왕 효과와 진화적 교착 상태’가 가장 적절하다.
참고로 to no avail은 ‘헛되이, 소용없이’의 뜻
으로, 유사한 의미의 표현으로 to no effect, in
vain 등이 있다.
① 트레드밀 위의 삶: 직장인의 건강에 대한
시사점
② 현재에 사는 것: 분수에 맞는 생활의 중요성
③ 진화 경쟁에서 비교 우위를 얻는 방법
⑤ 이기려 애쓰지 말라: Through the
Looking-Glass에서 배우는 삶의 교훈
157) ④：모든 것은 만들어지기 이전에 창조자, 즉 인간
의 정신 속에서 이미 완성된 것이고, 그것이
가능한 이유는 인간의 정신이 아이디어(상상)를
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현실(표현)으로 바꿀 수 있는 능력이 있기 때문
이며 미래도 그렇게 설계할 수 있다는 내용의
글이다. 따라서 글의 제목으로 ④ ‘실체화하기
전에 마음 속에서 완성하는 인간 정신의 힘’가
가장 적절하다.
① 인간의 사고에 대한 인지적 접근
② 인간이 어떻게 마음을 결정하는지 엿보기
③ 하면 된다: 먼저 행동을 취하는 것의 중요성
⑤ 정보의 홍수 속에서 사람들이 정보에 입각
한 결정을 내리지 못하는 이유
158) ⑤：누구의 이야기인지(whose story it is), 즉 주인
공이 누구인지에 따라 이야기가 달라질 수 있
다는 내용의 글이다. 따라서 글의 요지로 ⑤
‘동일한 이야기라도 주인공이 누가 되느냐에
따라 다르게 받아 들여질 수 있다.’가 가장 적
절하다.
159) ⑤：인류가 농경을 시작하면서 분업이 발생하며 생
산성이 향상되었다는 논지의 글이다. 따라서
글의 제목으로 ⑤ ‘초기 인류 공동체의 분업에
미친 농업의 영향’이 가장 적절하다.
① 집단에서 일하는 것의 이점
② 구석기 시대의 도구와 공동체
③ 구석기 시대: 식량을 찾는 여행
④ 선사시대 마을의 도구 제작의 변천
160) ④：마그마가 식는 과정을 통해 다양한 형태/특성
의 광물이 형성된다는 내용의 글이다. 따라서
글의 제목으로 ④ ‘마그마에서 광물로: 냉각 과
정이 광물을 형성하는 방법’이 가장 적절하다.
① 지각의 지질학적 구성
② 광물이 마그마로 다시 변화하는 방법
③ 마그마의 결정 성장의 비밀을 밝혀내기
⑤ 마그마가 환경에 미치는 영향: 광물의 형성
과 지속가능성에 대한 심층 연구
161) ⑤：좋은 탄수화물은 천천히 분해되면서, 다른 영
양소도 몸으로 방출되고, 많은 시간 동안 연료
를 공급하지만, 나쁜 탄수화물 몸을 위한 영양
소를 거의 가지고 있지 않고 빨리 분해되어 지
방으로 축적된다는 내용의 글이다. 따라서 글
의 주제로 ⑤ ‘좋은 그리고 나쁜 탄수화물이
몸속에서 어떻게 작용하는가’가 가장 적절하다.
① 건강하고 균형잡힌 음식을 먹기
② 탄수화물울 섭취하는 것에 대한 찬반논쟁
③ 단순한 탄수화물을 멀리하기
④ 좋은 탄수화물과 나쁜 탄수화물의 원천들
162) ③：사람들은 어떤 사람의 한 가지 유형의 특성은 그
것과 어울리는 다른 특성을 가지고 있다고 가정
하며, 강사에 대한 인상은 학생들의 최초 정보에
따라 큰 차이가 있으며, 그에 따라 행동과 형성되
 예상문제┃정답 2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 고1 예상문제┃정답 2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 고1

는 관계에도 영향을 미친다는 내용의 글이다. 따
라서 글의 요지로 ③이 가장 적절하다.
163) ③：우리는 불확실한 상황에 직면하여 어떻게 행동할
지 결정할 때 사회적 증거를 따르는 경향이 있으
며 보통 이는 도움이 된다는 내용의 글이다. 따라
서 제목으로 ③ ‘사회적 증거: 우리의 의사결정의
열쇠’가 가장 적절하다.
① 왜 사회적 증거가 문제가 될 수 있는가?
② 어떻게 우리는 행위자의 신뢰성을 평가하는가?
④ 환경적 불확실성을 긍정적으로 대처하라!
⑤ 회의론은 종종 우리의 사회적 믿음의 결과
이다
164) ③：악보나 체스의 예시에서 볼 수 있듯이 전문가
들은 익숙한 순서와 패턴을 초보자들보다 더
잘 기억하는데 무작위 패턴인 경우에는 전문가
의 이점이 사라졌다고 했으므로 글의 요지로
③이 알맞다.
165) ①：아름다운 궁전에 왕이 없는 동안, 한 괴물이 궁전
문으로 접근했고, 그 괴물이 너무 추하고 냄새가
나서 경비병들은 충격으로 얼어붙었지만 왕이 돌
아왔을 때, 경비병들의 도움으로 괴물을 물리쳤다
는 내용이다. 따라서 심경변화로 ① ‘불안한 →
안도하는’이 가장 적절하다.
② 질투하는 → 고마워하는
③ 무관심한 → 전율을 느끼게하는
④ 흥분된 → 실망한
⑤ 차분한 → 놀라게 된
166) ③：놀이터 시설이 화자가 이곳으로 이사 온 이후로 이렇
게 형편없는 상태였다고 했으므로, ③ ‘Nina Davis가
이곳으로 이사 온 이후로 몇 년 동안 놀이터의 시설
은 좋은 상태였다.’는 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는다.
① Nina Davis는 Blue Sky 아파트에 산다.
② 아이들을 위한 구역에 있는 놀이터 설비의
상태가 열악하다.
④ Nina Davis는 아이들이 그 놀이터에서 현재
의 시설들을 이용하는 것이 안전하지 않다고
생각한다.
⑤ Nina Davis는 관계자가 그 놀이터 시설들을
수리해 주길 원한다.
167) ②：‘I‘는 처음에 회색곰이 땅을 가로질러 걸어가는 모
습을 보았을 때 기분이 좋았다고 했으므로,
② ‘화자는 회색곰을 발견했던 순간에 무서웠다.’
는 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는다.
① 화자는 2주 동안 로키산맥에서 여행하는 중이
었다.
③ 화자는 처음에 그 곰이 무슨 냄새를 맡고
있었는지 몰랐다.
④ 화자는 그 곰이 먹이를 찾아서 돌아다니고
있다고 생각했다.
⑤ 화자는 그 곰에게 먹힐까 봐 두려웠다.
168) ③：가장 힘든 작업을 그것을 가장 잘 처리할 수 있는
시간에 하도록 계획을 잡으면, 더 많은 것을 이루고
이익으로 자신감을 느낄 것이라고 했으므로, ③은
글의 내용과 일치하지 않는다.
169) ③：대중 교육과 대중 매체가 낮은 기술의 육체노
동을 피하고 디지털 세계에서 일하는 직업을
찾도록 인간을 훈련시킨다고 했으므로 ③ ‘대
중 매체는 건강상의 위험 요소 때문에 육체 노
동을 필요로 하는 직업들을 홍보한다.’는 글의
내용과 일치하지 않는다.
① 기술의 채택은 안전하지 않은 직업에서 일
하는 것으로 이어진다.
② 일터에서 기술의 증가는 노동자들의 마음에
더 많은 스트레스를 만들어 낸다.
④ 오늘날 많은 노동자들은 심지어 그들이 일터
에서 생산해내고 있는 것을 좋아하지 않는다.
⑤ 기술의 진보 때문에 수많은 전통적인 생계
수단에서의 상당한 변화가 있어 왔다.
170) ②：유연한 학습자는 선다형 시험은 논술 시험을
위한 학습과 다른 전략을 써야 한다는 것을 알
고 있다고 설명하고 있으므로 ② ‘유연한 학습
자는 선다형 시험보다 논술 시험을 선호한다.’
는 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는다.
① 다른 상황에 맞는 적절한 드레스 코드가 있다.
③ 몇몇 대학생들은 학습 과제를 위해 고무도
장 방식을 선택한다.
④ 성공적인 학습자는 시험 유형에 맞추어 다
른 전략을 적용할 수 있다.
⑤ 숙련된 학습자는 모든 과목에 같은 전략을
사용하는 것이 효과적이지 않다는 사실을 알
고 있다.
171) ④：영국의 산업혁명이 운송 형태 개선 등의 변화
중 많은 것을 일으켰다고 했으나, 무엇이 영국
에서 산업혁명이 시작되도록 했는지에 대해서
는 나와있지 않다. 따라서 ④ ‘무엇이 영국에서
산업혁명이 시작되게 만들었는가?’라는 질문에
는 답할 수 없다.
① 임금 인상에 기여한 것은 무엇인가? (→ 나
아진 사회적 경제적 여건)
② Banff Springs가 지어지는 것을 가능하게
한 것은 무엇인가? (→새로운 대륙 횡단 철도
시스템)
③ 새로운 철도가 Brighton에 가져온 것은 무
엇인가? (→유명한 해안가 리조트)
⑤ 운송 형태를 개선하는 것이 가능하게 한 것
은 무엇인가?(→영국의 산업 혁명)
172) ②：고용 시장에서 보수가 좋더라도 궁극적으로 만
족스럽지 못한 일자리에 갇혀 있다고 느끼게
될 수 있다고 설명하고 있으므로 ② ‘직업 만
족도는 당신이 얼마를 받는지와 강력히 연결되
어 있을지도 모른다.’는 글의 내용과 일치하지
않는다.
① 편안한 틀에 박힌 생활 깊숙이 있게 되면
갇혀 있는 느낌을 받게 될지도 모른다.
③ 편안한 틀에 박힌 생활을 벗어나는 것은 매
우 힘든 것 같다.
④ 성공은 우리를 편안한 틀에 박힌 생활이라
는 예상치 못한 덫으로 이끌 수 있다.
⑤ 어떤 것을 잘하고 그에 따른 괜찮은 보수를
받게 되는 것은 우리가 그것을 계속하도록 장려
할 수 있다.
173) ⑤：Lilian이 잉글랜드로 돌아와 거기서 생의 마지
막 기간을 보냈다고 되어 있을 뿐, 그곳에 산
기간에 대한 언급은 없으므로, ⑤ ‘Lilian은 그
곳(영국)으로 돌아간 후 얼마나 오랫동안 영국
에 살았는가?’에는 답할 수 없다.
① Lilian은 어렸을 때 뭐 하는 것을 즐겼는가?
(→ 승마와 사냥 같은 모험적인 활동)
② Lilian은 영국 신문사를 위해 어떤 종류의 사
진을 찍었는가? (→ 스포츠와 야생 동물 사진)
③ Lilian의 아버지는 왜 그녀에게 자동차를 사
주었는가? (→ 비행을 하는 것보다 약간 더 안
전한 활동을 하도록 그녀를 설득하기 위해)
④ Lilian은 어디에서 아이를 낳았는가? (→ 캐
나다)
174) ⑤：동물들에게 확대되고 변형된 어린이 같은 특징
을 부여하는 것은 동물 캐릭터를 아이와 어른
모두에게 더 감정적으로 매력적이게 만들기 위
해 이용하는 일반적인 전략이라고 했으므로, ⑤
‘더 증대되고 변형된 어린이 같은 특징은 사람
들이 동물 캐릭터에 대해 더 불쾌하게 느끼게
만든다.’는 내용과 일치하지 않는다.
① 애니메이션 영화에서, 동물들의 앞다리는
사람의 손 역할을 한다.
② 더 최근에, 애니메이션 영화들은 동물들을
좀 더 “자연스러운” 방식으로 보여주었다.
③ 만화에서, 동물 캐릭터들은 그들을 사람처
럼 보이게 하는 방식으로 변형된다.
④ 동물들의 인간 언어 사용은 그들에게 반영
된 가장 눈에 띄는 인간의 특징이다.
175) ④：사회의 현대화는 생산이 그 자체의 수요를 창
출할 것이라는 견해를 파괴하는 마케팅 혁명으
로 이어졌다고 했으므로, ④ ‘사회의 현대화는
생산이 그 자체의 수요를 창출할 것이라는 믿
음에서 비롯되었다.’는 내용과 일치하지 않는다.
① 판매의 개념이 바뀐 것은 1940년대와 1950
년대였다.
② 현대 사회에서, T-Model Ford는 단색으로
생산될 수 없다.
③ 기업은 고객의 다양하고 복잡한 욕구를 충
족시키려는 욕망에 집중했다.
⑤ 판매 개념의 변화로 인해 기업들은 저렴한
가격으로 고품질의 제품을 생산하는 것만으로
는 충분하지 않다는 것을 인식하게 되었다.
176) ⑤：46,000 경기가 넘는 메이저 리그 야구 경기에
대한 더 최근의 연구에 의해 동쪽으로 이동하
는 것이 서쪽으로 이동하는 것보다 더 힘들다
는 추가적인 증거가 발견되었다고 했으므로,
⑤ ‘메이저 리그 야구 경기에 대한 더 최근의
연구는 동쪽으로 이동하는 것이 서쪽으로 이동
하는 것보다 편안하다는 것을 증명했다.’는 내
용과 일치하지 않는다.
① 서쪽으로 날아가 하루를 연장하는 것이 동쪽
으로 날아가 그것을 줄이는 것보다 덜 힘들다.
② 사람들이 시차 적응에서 회복하는 속도는
여행 방향에 따라 결정된다.
③ 연구에 따르면, 서쪽으로 여행하는 야구팀
이 동쪽으로 여행하는 야구팀보다 더 잘 경기
한다.
④ 시차의 동서 차이는 스포츠 팀의 경기력에
영향을 미칠 정도로 상당하다.
177) ④：어떤 특정 기간 내에 성취될 수 있는 것에 대
한 지나친 낙관주의는 문제라고 했으므로, ④
‘일정 시간 안에 무언가를 성취할 수 있다는
자신감이 지나쳐도 문제 될 것은 없다.’는 내용
과 일치하지 않는다.
① 어떤 과제는 사용할 수 있는 시간이 많은
경우에만 시작할 수 있다.
② '해야 할 일' 목록의 항목에 필요한 시간을
대략 계산하는 것이 습관이 되어야 한다.
③ 시간이 많지 않은 상황에서 많은 시간이 필
요한 일을 준비하는 것은 헛되다.
⑤ 만약 여러분이 매일 시작하는 일을 성취함
으로써 자신감을 얻고 싶다면, 여러분은 일에
시간이 얼마나 걸릴지 알아야 한다.
178) ⑤：본문은 각기 다른 종들이 진화 레이스를 통해
노력하며 서로 경쟁하지만, 결과적으로 상대적
위치에는 변함이 없는 현상을 설명하고 있으
며, 다른 종을 이기기 위해서 어떤 지점에 도
달해야 하는지 여부는 제시되어 있지 않다. 따
라서 ⑤ ‘붉은 여왕 효과는 진화 경쟁에서 다
른 종들을 이기기 위해 특정한 지점에 도달해
야 한다는 것을 암시한다’는 글의 내용으로 알
수 없다.

- 122 - - 123 -
 예상문제┃정답
① 붉은 여왕 효과는 Lewis Carroll의 Through
the Looking-Glass의 한 장면에서 영감을 받았다.
② 붉은 여왕과 앨리스는 경주에서 어떠한 전
진도 이루지 못했다.
③ 진화 생물학자들은 붉은 여왕 효과를 사용
해 종의 지속적인 적응을 설명한다.
④ 붉은 여왕 효과는 포식자와 먹이 모두 자신
의 위치를 유지하기 위해 지속적으로 진화해야
한다는 것을 의미한다.
179) ②：인간이 아이디어를 물리적 실체로 바꾸는 과정
과, 자신의 미래를 설계하는 과정은 사실상 동
일하다고 했으므로(The human being designs
his or her own future through much the
same process.) ② ‘인간은 그들의 미래를 그들
이 물리적인 제품을 만드는 방법과는 상당히
다르게 설계한다’는 지문의 내용과 일치하지
않는다.
① 생각, 결정, 활동은 우리가 구상한 미래 비
전을 실현하기 위해 함께 작용한다.
③ 정신은 아이디어를 생명으로 탄생시키기 이
전에 최종품의 명확한 이미지를 만들어낸다.
④ 창조하는 사람은 그것(어떤 것)을 현실로 가
져오기 전에 어떤 것에 대한 분명한 아이디어
를 가지고 있다.
⑤ 집, 차, 옷과 같은 모든 물체들은 생산 이전
에 처음에는 아이디어로 착안되었고 다듬어졌다.
180) ⑤：누구의 관점에서 이야기가 서술되는지, 즉 주
인공이 누구냐에 따라 완전히 다른 이야기가
될 수 있다는 것이 글의 논지이므로 ⑤ ‘비록
그녀의 이야기가 사악한 이복 자매의 관점에서
서술되더라도 우리의 동정은 여전히 원작 신데
렐라에게 남아있을 것이다’는 지문의 내용과
일치하지 않는다.
① 주인공을 바꾸는 것은 우리가 이야기를 해
석하는 방식의 변화로 이어진다.
② 갈등의 결과에 대한 우리의 희망은 우리가
어떤 캐릭터에게 공감을 느끼는지에 달려 있다.
③ 다른 캐릭터의 관점에서 사건을 보는 것은
다양한 해석을 낳는다.
④ 우리는 새로운 인물의 관점에서 상황을 볼
때 그 인물과의 감정적인 연결고리를 갖는다.
181) ②：농경이 시작되면서 도시와 마을이 성장했다고
제시되었으므로 ② ’도시와 마을의 성장은 농
경의 발전을 가져왔다’는 글의 내용과 일치하
지 않는다.
① 사람들이 함께 일하는 것을 배운 목적은 일
을 더 빨리 끝내는 것이었다.
③ 사람들이 집단으로 살기 시작하면서 그들은
분업함으로써 더 효율적으로 일할 수 있었다.
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2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 고1
④ 마을 사람들은 농작물 재배, 건물 건설 등
서로 다른 일에 특화할 수 있다.
⑤ 구석기 시대에 20에서 60명의 사람들이 식
량을 찾기 위해 이동했다.
182) ⑤：마그마가 빠르게 식으면 개별 광물 결정을 쉽
게 볼 수 없다고 글에서 제시되므로, ⑤ ‘마그
마가 빠르게 식어도 개별 광물 결정체는 육안
으로 볼 수 있을 정도로 크다’는 글의 내용과
일치하지 않는다.
① 광물은 다양한 자연적인 과정을 통해 형성
된다.
② 광물을 구성하는 결정의 크기는 냉각 속도
에 의해 결정된다.
③ 광물의 형성은 마그마에 존재하는 원소의
종류와 양에 따라 달라진다.
④ 마그마의 냉각 과정에서, 마그마의 원자들
은 서로 다른 화합물들의 질서정연한 배열을
만들면서 화합물로 결합한다.
183) ⑤：나쁜 탄수화물 중 몸이 사용할 수 없는 것만
지방으로 전환되어 저장되므로 ⑤는 글의 내용
과 일치하지 않는다.
184) ④：강사가 따뜻할 것이라 기대한 학생들은 그와
더 많이 소통하는 경향이 있다고 했으므로
④는 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는다.
185) ⑤：모든 사람이 하는 것을 따르는 것은 분별력 있
는 일이며 대개 주변에 있는 사람들의 행동을
따르는 것이 좋다고 했으므로 ⑤는 글의 내용
과 일치하지 않는다.
186) ③：음악 훈련을 받은 사람이 음악 훈련을 받지 않
은 사람보다 짧은 연속된 악보를 더 정확히 재
현할 수 있다고 했으므로 ③은 글의 내용과 일
치하지 않는다.
187) ⑤：경비병들이 편안한 마사지를 도와주자 그 괴물
은 매우 작아졌고, 또 한 번의 친절은 괴물을
사리지게 했으므로 ⑤는 글의 내용과 일치하지
않는다.
188) ②：화자는 관계자가 아이들을 위한 구역에 있는 놀
이터 설비의 열악한 상태에 관심을 기울여 주길
바라며, 그 놀이터의 시설들을 수리해 달라고
부탁하고 있으므로, 최근에 아이들을 위한 구역
이 ‘수리’가 필요하다는 것을 알게 되었다는 흐
름이 되는 ②가 적절하다.
① 청소 ③ 철거 ④ 교체 ⑤ 더 많은 설비들
[본문 변형] ② repairs → mending
189) ③：사람마다 상태가 가장 좋은 때가 다르며, 가장
힘든 작업은 그것을 가장 잘 처리할 수 있는
시간에 하도록 계획을 잡으면, 더 많은 것을 이
루고 이익으로 자신감을 느낄 것이라고 했으므
예상문제┃정답
로, 우리 모두 에너지와 기민함의 정점과 저점
을 특징으로 하는 ‘신체 리듬’을 가지고 있다는
흐름이 되는 ③이 적절하다.
① 생애 주기 ② 지능
④ 유전적 변이 ⑤ 발달 단계
190) ③：회색곰이 자신의 냄새를 맡고 있다는 것을 깨
닫게 되자, ‘I‘는 이것이 더는 멋진 경험이 아니
었으며, 그 곰의 동기는 먹을 고기를 찾는 것
이라고 했으므로, 이제 곰을 만난 것이 ’생존
‘의 문제였다는 흐름이 되는 ③이 적절하다.
① 선택 ② 도덕성
④ 관용 ⑤ 동물 복지
191) ⑤：직장에서의 기술 사용의 증가로 인해 생겨난
여러 가지 부정적인 변화들에 대한 설명이 이
어지고 있으므로 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 ⑤ ‘대가
를 치르다’가 가장 알맞다.
① 일과 삶 사이의 균형에 주의를 기울이다
② 기술 발전을 따라가다
③ 직장의 안정성에 초점을 맞추다
④ 더 자주 일자리를 찾아보다
192) ④：뒤이어 그들이 다양한 전략을 갖고 그것을 언
제 사용해야 하는지 알고 다른 유형의 시험을
위해 다른 전략을 써야 한다는 것을 알고 있다
고 설명하고 있으므로 빈칸에는 상황에 따라
적절한 전략을 사용한다는 흐름의 ④ ‘유연한’
이 오는 것이 가장 알맞다.
① 느린 ② 부지런한 ③ 실용적인 ⑤ 낙관
적인
193) ②：나아진 사회 경제적인 여건과 운송 형태의 개
선으로 장소 이동이 빨라지고 저렴해졌으며 철
도를 따라 많은 대형 호텔들이 생겼다고 설명
하고 있는데 이러한 늘어난 휴가와 개선된 이
동 수단, 숙박 시설은 관광산업에 영향을 미치
는 중요한 요소이다. 여기에 더불어 항공 운송
의 출현으로 세계의 더 많은 곳으로 가는 길이
열렸다고 설명하고 있으므로 빈칸에는 앞에서
언급한 개선된 여건과 함께 항공 운송의 도입
이 가져온 결과가 들어가는 것이 알맞다. 따라
서 빈칸에 올 말로 ② ‘관광 산업의 성장’이 가
장 적절하다.
① 금융 위기 ③ 경제적 이슈
④ 잦은 사고 ⑤ 철도의 몰락
194) ⑤：편안한 틀에 박힌 생활에 깊이 빠져 있으면 다
른 흥미로운 상황을 보거나 그 틀에 박힌 생활
에서 벗어나는 것이 힘들다고 설명하고 있으므
로 그런 상황에서 갇혀 있는 듯한 느낌을 받게
된다는 흐름이 되어야 한다. 따라서 빈칸에 들
어갈 말로 ⑤ ‘꼼짝할 수 없는’이 가장 알맞다.
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2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 고1
① 편안한 ② 충격받은 ③ 안심한 ④ 긴장한
195) ③：(A) 뒤에 앞의 내용에 대한 역접을 뜻하는 However
(그러나)와 함께 그것들, 곧 동물들은, 사자가 한 발
로 작은 물체를 집어 들어 올릴 수 있는 것처럼,
여전히 사람의 손처럼 앞다리를 사용하고 적절한
표정을 지으며 이야기한다는 내용이 이어지므로,
앞에는 이와 대조되는 내용, 즉 더 최근의 만화 영
화에서 추세는 동물을 있는 그대로, 자연스럽게 묘
사하는 것이라는 내용이 되어야 한다. 따라서
natural(자연스러운), intact(원래대로의), untouched
(수정되지 않은)가 빈칸에 알맞다.
(B) 확대되고 변형된 어린이 같은 특징을 부여
하는 것이라는 내용이 이어지고 있으므로 일반
적인 전략은 아이와 성인 모두에게 감정적으로
긍정적으로 보이도록 만드는 것이라는 흐름이
자연스럽다. 따라서 빈칸에는 attractive(매력적
인) 또는 appealing(매력적인)이 적절하다.
① 원래대로의 무서운
② 인위적인 매력적인
④ 부자연스러운 불쾌한
⑤ 수정되지 않은 경멸할 만한
196) ①：앞에서 판매 개념의 철학적 변화로 기업은 합
리적인 가격에 양질의 제품을 생산하는 것으로
는 충분하지 않다는 것을 깨닫게 되었다고 했
으며, 뒤에는 Henry Ford가 가장 많이 팔렸던
T-모델 Ford를 검은색으로만 생산했던 것과 달
리 현대 사회에서는 고객과 그들의 다양하고
복잡한 욕구를 충족하고자 하는 욕망이 기업의
초점이 되었다는 내용이 이어지므로, 빈칸을
포함한 문장은 고객이 실제로 원하는 제품을
내놓는 것이 마찬가지로 매우 중요했다는 내용
이 되어야 한다. 따라서 ① ‘고객들이 실제로
원했던’이 빈칸에 알맞다.
② 고급 재료가 사용된
③ 생산자에게 최대 수익을 보장하는
④ 노동자들이 편안하고 안전하게 만들 수 있는
⑤ 디자이너들의 창의성을 최대한 보여주는
197) ④：시차로 인한 피로감을 극복하기 위해서 자신의
체내 시계를 얼마나 빨리 재설정할 수 있는지는
사람마다 서로 다르다는 내용 뒤에 이어지며 동
쪽으로 비행하여 하루를 단축하는 것보다 서쪽
으로 비행하여 하루를 연장하는 것이 더 쉬우며
시차로 인한 피로감에서 이러한 동서의 차이는
스포츠 팀의 경기력에 영향을 미칠 만큼 충분히
크다는 내용이 뒤에 있으므로, 흐름상 빈칸을
포함한 문장은 시차에서 회복하는 속도는 이동
방향에 달려 있다는 내용이 되어야 한다. 따라
서 ④ ‘회복 속도‘가 빈칸에 알맞다.
① 비행 비용
 예상문제┃정답 2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 고1 예상문제┃정답 2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 고1

② 비행 기간 적절하다. 합한다. 따라서 빈칸 (B)에는 ‘빠르게’ 뜻을 갖 ④ 세련되고 정교하다

③ 운동선수들의 사기
⑤ 난기류의 가능성
198) ⑤：⑤ (A) 매일 하고자 착수하는 일을 성취해서
자신감을 얻길 원한다면 일에 얼마나 시간이
걸릴지 아는 것이 중요하다는 내용 뒤에 이어
지며 ‘해야 할 일’ 목록에 있는 항목과 함께 필
요한 시간의 양을 추산하는 것을 습관화하고
과제가 언제 예상보다 더 많은 시간 또는 더
적은 시간이 걸리는지 경험을 통해 배우라는
내용이 뒤따르므로, 흐름상 빈칸을 포함한 문
장은 어떤 특정 기간 내에 성취될 수 있는 것
에 대해 시간을 잘못 추산하는 것은 문제라는
뜻이 되어야 한다. 따라서, Ignorance(무지) 또
는 Over-optimism(지나친 낙관주의)이 빈칸에
알맞다.
(B) 이용할 수 있는 시간이 짧은 시간밖에 없
을 때 그런 과제를 위해 준비하려고 애쓰는
것은 무의미하다는 내용이 뒤에 이어지므로,
흐름상 빈칸을 포함한 문장은 이용할 수 있는
시간의 양이 상당히 있어야만 시작할 수 있는
몇몇 과제가 있다는 뜻이 되어야 한다. 따라서
‘상당한’이라는 뜻의 significant, substantial,
considerable이 빈칸에 알맞다.
① 무지 적은
② 생각 상당한
③ 불평 사소한
④ 논의 상당한
199) ①：(A) 빈칸 이후의 내용을 보면 여우와 토끼 간
의 진화 경쟁, 유전자 물려주기 등 진화론적
논의가 이어지는 것으로 볼 때, 빈칸 (A)에는
Biologists(생물학자)가 들어가는 것이 가장 적
절하다.
(B) If foxes evolve ~ 문장부터 빈칸 직전 문
장까지의 내용을 종합하면, 각자의 입장에서는
경쟁에서 이기기 위해 노력하지만, 그럼에도
불구하고 여우와 토끼의 상대적 위치는 동일하
게 된다는 의미이다. 따라서 빈칸 (B)에는 ‘양
보’의 접속사 Even though(~에도 불구하고)가
가장 적절하다.
② 인류학자 ~에도 불구하고
③ 사회학자 ~이기 때문에
④ 인류학자 ~이기 때문에
⑤ 생물학자 ~한 경우에만
200) ①：(A) 모든 것은 아이디어로 시작되어 실제 물리
적 실체로 구현되기 전에 이미 최종 형태에 대
한 구상이 정신 속에서 완성된다는 글의 내용
이다. 따라서 빈칸 (A)에는 finished(완성된),
completed(완료된), concluded(결론지어진)가
(B) 빈칸 문장 이전에서 인간의 정신이 어떠한
완제품을 물리적 실체로 바꾸기 전에 이미 분
명하게 그림을 완성시킨다는 내용이 언급되고,
빈칸 문장 이후에는 미래를 계획할 때도 (완제
품을 만들 때와 유사하게) 먼저 아이디어로 시
작하여 점차 실현시켜 나간다는 내용이 제시된
다. 따라서 빈칸 (B)에는 much the same
process(거의 같은 과정)가 가장 적절하다.
② 약화된 고유한 사고 방식
③ 완료된 제법 다른 절차
④ 결론지어진 어려움 없는 상호작용
⑤ 타협된 거의 동일한 방법
201) ③：(A) 빈칸 이전에서 말한 일반적인 내용을 신데
렐라 이야기 및 바람과 함께 사라지다 영화로
예시를 들어 설명하는 흐름이므로, 예시를 나타
내는 for example(예를 들면)이 가장 적절하다.
(B) ‘만약’ 다른 인물의 관점에서 우리에게 이
야기가 제시된다면 ‘어떠할 것인가’의 뜻이 되
는 것이 자연스러우므로, 빈칸 (B)에는 what if
(만약 ~라면 어떨까)가 가장 적절하다.
① 그러나 어찌하여, 왜
② 그러나 ~라면 어떨까
④ 예를 들면 어찌하여, 왜
⑤ 반면에 ~라면 좋을텐데
202) ③：(A) 밑줄 직전에 사람들이 농경을 시작하며 농
경지 근처에 정착하게 되었다는 내용이 언급되
고 밑줄 문장에서 도시와 마을이 커졌다는 내
용이 제시된다. 두 내용은 원인과 결과의 관계
로 자연스럽게 연결되므로, 빈칸 (A)에는 인과
관계를 나타내는 As a result(결과적으로)가 가
장 적절하다.
(B) 빈칸 직전 내용(일을 빨리 하기 위해 같이
일하는 법을 배움)에 대한 예시가 빈칸 이하의
내용이므로, 빈칸 (B)에는 For example(예를 들
면), For instance(예를 들면)가 가장 적절하다.
① 그럼에도 그러나
② 그럼에도 예를 들면
④ 결과적으로 그에 반해
⑤ 예를 들면 반면에
203) ③：(A) 밑줄 문장 이후를 보면, 마그마가 식는 속
도(how rapidly)에 따라 형성되는 결정의 크기
(large/small)가 결정됨을 알 수 있으므로, 빈칸
(A)에는 size(크기)가 가장 적절하다.
(B) 빈칸 문장 직전 두 문장에서 마그마가 천
천히 식을 때의 경우를 설명했으므로, 빈칸 문
장에서는 빠르게 식는 경우에 대한 설명이 오
는 것이 자연스러우며, 형성되는 결정의 크기
가 작다는 것으로 미루어보아 해당 흐름에 부
는 quickly, rapidly가 적절하다. ⑤ 불협화음을 동반하다
① 모양 점진적으로 208) ②：왕이 괴물을 환영하고 그에게 커피, 테이크아
② 모양 빠르게 웃 피자와 감자튀김을 제안하는 등의 행동을
④ 크기 천천히 했더니 괴물이 사라졌다는 내용의 글이므로 친
⑤ 수 조용히 절한 행위가 괴물을 사라지게 했다는 흐름이
204) ⑤：역접을 나타내는 on the other hand(반면에) 앞 자연스럽다. 따라서 빈칸에는 ② ‘친절’이 가장
에서 복잡한 탄수화물은 비타민과 미네랄 같은 적절하다.
다른 영양소를 가두어 두고 있어 천천히 분해되 ① 인내심 ③ 무관심 ④ 겸손 ⑤ 모욕, 굴욕
며 영양소가 방출되고 연료를 공급한다고 했으 209) ②：화자는 최근에 아이들을 위한 구역이 수리가
므로, 빈칸에는 이와 상반되는 내용이 와야 한 필요하다는 것을 알게 되었으며, 그 구역에 있
다. 따라서 단당류인 나쁜 탄수화물은 분해되기 는 놀이터 시설의 상태가 열악하여 거기서 노
쉽고 영양소를 거의 가지고 있지 않다는 흐름이 는 아이들에게 위험하다고 말하고 있으므로,
되어야 하므로 빈칸에는 ⑤‘영양소를 거의 가지 빈칸에는 ② ‘그 시설들을 수리해 주시겠습니
고 있지 않다’가 가장 적절하다. 까?’가 적절하다.
① 섬유소가 풍부한 음식을 제공한다 ① 당신은 그 놀이터를 폐쇄할 필요가 있습니다.
② 소화 효소를 만든다 ③ 그것들을 가능한 한 빨리 치워주실 수 있습
③ 스트레스를 야기하는 요소들을 제거한다 니까?
④ 충분한 에너지를 포함한다 ④ 저는 아파트 단지 내에 큰 공원이 조성되길
205) ①：사람들은 사회적 증거를 찾는 경향이 있다는 바랍니다.
내용에 이어지고 있으며 마지막 문장에서 주 ⑤ 부모는 그 놀이터에서 자신의 아이들에게
변에 있는 사람들의 행동을 따르는 것이 좋다 온통 주의를 기울여야 합니다.
고 했으므로 다른 사람들의 행동을 따라하는 [본문 변형] ② Would you please have them
것이 생존에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다는 흐름 repaired? → Would you please have the
이 되어야 한다. 따라서 빈칸에는 ① ‘집단을 facilities fixed?
따르는 것’이 가장 적절하다. 210) ③：회색곰이 먹을 고기를 찾으며 무언가의 냄새를
② 기회를 찾는 것 따라가는 듯하자, ‘I‘가 얼어붙으며 그 경험이
③ 불확실성을 수용하는 것 생존의 문제가 되었다고 했으므로, 빈칸에는
④ 보편적 믿음을 거부하는 것 ③ ‘거대한 이 동물이 내 냄새를 맡고 있다’가
⑤ 선천적인 체계를 바꾸는 것 적절하다.
206) ③：학생들은 강사가 강의를 하기 전에 그에 대한 ① 그 곰이 영역 표시를 했었다
설명을 들었다고 했으며, 기대가 인상, 행동, ② 이 근처에 다른 누군가가 있었다
관계에 영향을 미친다는 내용이 이어지고 있으 ④ 그 곰이 나로부터 도망치려고 하고 있었다
므로 학생들이 강의 전에 받았던 정보가 인상 ⑤ 그 냄새는 다른 동물의 배설물에서 나는 것
에 영향을 미쳤다는 흐름이 되어야 한다. 따라 이었다
서 빈칸에는 ③ ‘그들의 최초의 정보’가 가장 211) ⑤：우리가 에너지와 기민함의 정점과 저점을 특징
적절하다. 으로 하는 신체 리듬을 가지고 있다는 내용에
① 전문지식과 노력 이어지고 있으며, 자신이 가장 좋은 상태일 때
② 외모와 행동 를 알아차리도록 노력하라는 내용이 이어지므
④ 명성과 자격 로, 가장 힘든 작업을 가장 상태가 좋은 시간
⑤ 강의에 대한 그들의 평가 에 하도록 계획을 잡으면, 더 많은 것을 이루
207) ③：익숙한 구조가 초보자보다 전문가의 기억에 더 고 이익으로 자신감을 느낄 것이라는 흐름이
유익한 효과를 미치므로 음표가 무작위로 배열 되어야 한다. 따라서 빈칸에 들어갈 말로
되는 것보다 전형적인 순서를 따를 때 짧은 연 ⑤ ‘그것을 가장 잘 처리할 수 있다’가 알맞다.
속된 악보를 더 정확하게 재현할 수 있다는 흐 ① 기한이 얼마 안 남았다
름이므로 빈칸에는 ③ ‘전형적인 순서를 따르다’ ② 네가 그 작업을 하고 싶다
가 가장 적절하다. ③ 네가 다른 사람들의 도움을 받을 수 있다
① 고음으로 구성되다 ④ 네가 아침에 일찍 일어난다
② 모호하고 불규칙적이다

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212) ④：Lilian의 아버지는 약간 더 안전한 활동을 하도
록 그녀를 설득하기 위해, 그녀에게 자동차를
사주었으며, 그녀가 결국 자동차 판매원으로
일하게 되었고, 결코 비행을 다시 시작하지는
않았다는 내용이 이어지므로, 빈칸에는 ④ ‘자
신의 비행기를 설계하고, 제작하고, 비행하다’
가 적절하다.
① 위험을 무릅쓰고 우주에 가다
② 배를 타고 세계를 항해하다
③ 자동차 경주에서 1등을 하다
⑤ 신문사를 설립하여 운영하다
213) ①：앞의 내용에 대한 부연 설명을 할 때 쓰는 연
결어인 ‘Indeed(실제로)’로 시작하는 다음 문장
에서 디지털 세계에서 일하는 사람들이 주로
앉아서 일하게 되면서 신체와 정신 건강에 위
협을 받고 있다고 설명하고 있으므로 빈칸에는
신체와 정신 건강에 좋지 않다는 내용이 오는
것이 글의 흐름상 자연스럽다. 따라서 빈칸에
들어갈 말로 ① ‘인간의 정신에 부담을 준다’가
가장 알맞다.
② 우리 사회에서 육체 노동의 역할을 강조한다
③ 새로운 기술을 수용하는 것의 중요성을 강
조한다
④ 기술 때문에 우리가 잃어버린 것을 다시 생
각해보도록 한다
⑤ 기술과 생활 방식 간의 균형을 더 많이 강
조한다
214) ②：숙련된 학습자들은 유연하다고 하고 다른 유형
의 시험에 다른 전략을 써야한다는 것을 잘 안
다고 설명하고 있으므로 빈칸에는 다른 상황에
다른 전략을 적용한다는 내용이 오는 것이 알
맞다. 따라서 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 ② ‘다양한
전략을 갖고 있으며 그것을 언제 사용해야 하
는지 안다’가 가장 알맞다.
① 수많은 상황에서 하나의 전략을 사용한다
③ 실제 시험일의 적어도 이주 전에 시험 공부
를 시작한다
④ 그들의 가까운 미래에 도움이 되는 과목만
공부한다
⑤ 전략들이 효과가 있는지를 알아보기 위해
시험 후에는 꼭 전략들을 평가한다
215) ③：관광 산업의 확장을 야기한 여러 가지 요소들
을 설명하고 있는 글인데 주어인 it이 가리키는
것은 운송 형태가 개선된 상황이므로 이로 인
해 사람들이 여행을 위해 다른 곳으로 이동하
는 것이 더 나아졌다는 흐름이 빈칸에 오는 것
이 적절하다. 따라서 빈칸에 들어갈 말로
③ ‘장소를 이동하는 것이 더 빠르고 더 저렴
해졌다’가 가장 자연스럽다.
① 경제 성장을 촉진했다
② 관광산업의 몰락을 앞당겼다
④ 자동차로 출근하는 것이 가능해졌다
⑤ 회사와 노동자들간의 강력한 유대감 형성에
기여했다
216) ④：직업적인 성공으로 편안한 생활을 갖게 되지만
그러한 틀에 박힌 편안한 생활에 깊이 빠지게
되면 오히려 자신의 현재 일자리에 갇혀 있다
고 느끼게 될 수도 있다는 내용을 설명하고 있
다. 따라서 전체 내용을 대표하는 주제문이 들
어가는 빈칸에 올 말로 ④ ‘의도한 길에서 벗
어나 틀에 박힌 편안한 생활로 이끌다’가 가장
적절하다.
① 더 나은 보수를 주는 직업을 찾는 일을 그
만두다
② 현재의 행복과 만족감을 붙잡아 두다
③ 당신을 안락 지대로부터 벗어나 앞으로 나
아가는 것을 가능하게 하다
⑤ 결과적으로 더 만족스러운 상황으로 이끄는
예상치 못한 결과를 가져올 것이다
217) ⑤：뒤에 내용의 추가를 뜻하는 also(또한)라는 말과
함께 신체적으로도 동물 만화 캐릭터와 동물을
본떠 만든 장난감은 인간을 닮게 하는 방식으
로 변형되는 경우가 아주 많다는 내용이 이어
지므로, 흐름상 빈칸을 포함한 문장은 동물들
이 인간의 언어로 대화할 수 있는 점은 동물에
게 인간의 특징이 투영된 것이라는 내용이 되
어야 한다. 따라서 ⑤ ‘동물에 투영된 가장 눈에
띄는 인간의 특징’이 빈칸에 알맞다.
① AI에게 부여된 가장 인간 같은 면모
② 외계인에 대한 가장 불합리한 묘사
③ 어린이들이 장난감에 사용하는 가장 어린이
같은 상상력
④ 사람들이 식물에 대해 하는 가장 잘못된 가정
218) ②：1940년대와 1950년대 동안 판매 개념에 주요
한 철학적 변화가 생기면서 기업은 고객과 더
긴밀한 관계를 발전시켜야 했고 그것은 결과적
으로 기업이 합리적인 가격에 양질의 제품을
생산하는 것으로는 충분하지 않으며 고객이 원
하는 제품을 내놓아야 한다는 점을 깨닫게 했
다는 내용이 앞에 서술되었으므로, 흐름상 빈
칸을 포함한 문장은 기업은 고객과 그들의 다
양하고 복잡한 욕구를 충족하는 것에 초점을
맞추게 되었다는 내용이 되어야 한다. 따라서
② ‘그들의 다양하고 흔히 복잡한 욕구를 충족시
키려는 욕망’이 빈칸에 들어가야 알맞다.
① 그들의 까다로운 불평을 처리하는 과정
③ 가격에 상관없는 최고 품질의 제품 생산
④ 제품 가격을 둘러싼 소매업체 간의 경쟁 방지
⑤ 제품 판매를 촉진하기 위한 마케팅 전략 개발
219) ①：앞에서 연구에 따르면 서쪽으로 비행하는 팀이
동쪽으로 비행하는 팀보다 프로 야구와 대학
미식 축구에서 상당히 더 잘한다고 했으므로,
흐름상 빈칸을 포함한 문장은 46,000 경기가
넘는 메이저 리그 야구 경기에 대한 더 최근의
연구에 의해 동쪽으로 이동하는 것이 서쪽으로
이동하는 것보다 더 힘들다는 추가적인 증거가
발견되었다는 내용이 되어야 한다. 따라서 ①
‘동쪽으로 이동하는 것이 서쪽으로 이동하는 것
보다 더 힘들다’가 빈칸에 알맞다.
② 투수들이 타자들보다 시차에 더 영향을 받는다
③ 동부 기반의 팀이 일반적으로 서부 기반의
팀보다 더 나은 성과를 낸다
④ 날씨가 시차보다 선수들의 경기력에 더 많은
영향을 미친다
⑤ 서부 출신 선수들이 동부 출신 선수들보다
더 빨리 피로에서 회복한다
220) ②：뒤에 과제가 언제 예상보다 더 많은 시간 또는
더 적은 시간이 걸리는지 경험을 통해 배우라
는 내용이 이어지므로, 흐름상 빈칸을 포함한
문장은 ‘해야 할 일’ 목록에 있는 항목과 함께
필요한 시간의 양을 추산하는 것을 습관화해야
한다는 내용이 되어야 한다. 따라서 ② ‘필요한
시간의 양을 추산하기’가 빈칸에 알맞다.
① 중요성을 평가하고 표시하기
③ 관련된 사람들의 이름을 쓰기
④ 각각에 가장 편리한 방법을 적기
⑤ 필요한 돈의 양을 정확히 계산하기
221) ③：빈칸이 포함된 문장을 살펴보면, 빠른 토끼를
잡기 위해 여우가 더욱 빨라지도록 진화하고,
다시 이렇게 빨라진 여우로부터 살아남기 위해
토끼는 보다 더 빨라지도록 진화한다는 내용이
다. 이렇게 속도를 놓고 진화 경쟁이 반복해서
발생한다는 맥락이기 때문에, 빈칸에 들어갈
말로 ③ ‘가장 빠른 여우만이 충분한 토끼를
잡다’가 가장 적절하다.
① 사실상 어떤 종류의 여우도 남지 않을 것이다
② 오직 가장 큰 여우들만이 충분히 강할 것이다
④ 모든 종류의 여우는 빠르든 느리든 더 번성
할 것이다
⑤ 가장 가벼운 여우만이 적자생존을 달성할
것이다
222) ④：빈칸 문장과 세미콜론으로 연결된 직전 문장을
살펴보면, 인간이 미래를 설계하는 방식은 물리
적 실체를 만들 때와 같은 방식, 즉 최종 그림
에 대한 상상을 먼저 명확하게 마치고 그 이후
에 물리적 실체를 만드는 방식임을 알 수 있다.
따라서 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 ④ ‘우리는 미래가
어떨지에 대한 아이디어로 시작한다’가 가장
적절하다.
① 인류는 본질적으로 우유부단하다.
② 인간은 성급한 결론을 내리는 경향이 있다.
③ 인간은 생각은 빠르지만 행동은 느리다.
⑤ 우리는 먼저 우리의 생각을 실천에 옮긴 후
그에 대해 반추한다.
[본문 변형] 빈칸 문장과 직전 문장의 연결성을
암시하기 위해 세미콜론(;)으로 연결하였음
223) ②：빈칸은 If we look at the events through ~ 문
장으로부터 이어지는 부연/상술 부분이다. 즉, 다
른 인물의 관점에서 바라보면 이야기가 달라질
것이라는 흐름이 되어야 한다. 따라서 빈칸에
들어갈 말로 ② ‘우리는 다른 결과를 간절히
바랄 것이다’가 가장 적절하다.
① 갈등은 저절로 해결될 것이다
③ 우리는 신선한 반전을 기대할 것이다
④ 우리의 동정은 여전히 원래의 주인공에게
남아있을 것이다
⑤ 우리는 이야기에 흥미를 잃고 우리가 공감
할 수 있는 다른 사람을 찾기 위해 나아간다
224) ①：공동체 생활을 통해 자신들을 더 효율적으로
조직할 수 있었다는 내용에 이어지고 있으며,
어떤 노동자는 농작물을 재배하고 다른 노동자
는 이와 다른 일인 집을 짓고 도구를 만드는
일을 했다는 내용이 이어지고 있으므로 빈칸에
는 사람들이 서로 다른 일을 하게 되었다는 내
용이 와야 한다. 따라서 빈칸에 들어갈 말로
① ‘그들은 식량과 자신들에게 필요한 다른 것
들을 생산하는 일을 나누다’가 가장 적절하다.
② 그들의 생활양식을 나타내는 예술과 표현의
새로운 형태를 개발하다
③ 지역사회 업무를 관리하기 위한 지배구조
및 리더십의 체계를 확립하다
④ 그들의 공동체 의식을 강화하기 위해 새로
운 사회 관습과 전통을 창조하다
⑤ 그들 주변의 세계의 신비를 설명하기 위해
새로운 종교적 신념과 관행을 개발하다
225) ①：빈칸 이후부터 마지막 문장까지를 살펴보면 마그
마가 천천히 식을 때와 빠르게 식을 때를 나누어
설명하는 내용이 제시된다. 따라서 빈칸에 들어
갈 말로 ① ‘마그마가 얼마나 빨리 식느냐’가
가장 적절하다.
② 하루 중 마그마가 식기 시작하는 시간은 언
제인지
③ 마그마가 표면 아래에서 얼마나 빨리 이동
하는지
④ 마그마의 냉각이 몇 번이나 발생하는지
⑤ 마그마에 들어 있는 원소의 종류와 양은 무

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 예상문제┃정답
엇인지
226) ④：복합 탄수화물은 비타민과 미네랄 같은 다른
영양소를 그것의 사슬 안에 가두어 둘 수 있
고, 천천히 분해되면서 다른 영양소도 몸으로
방출한다는 흐름으로 빈칸에는 ④ ‘많은 시간
동안 여러분에게 연료를 공급할 수 있다’가 가
장 적절하다.
① 소화와 흡수를 방해한다
② 당신의 면역체계를 악화시킬수 있다
③ 당신이 더 오랫동안 더 포만감을 느끼는 것
을 방해할지 모른다
⑤ 균형잡힌 식사에서 건강한 구성요소를 제
거할지 모른다
227) ⑤：강사에 대한 최초 정보에 따라 학생들에 의해
형성된 인상 간에 큰 차이가 있으며, 의사 소
통에도 영향을 미친다는 내용에 이어지고 있으
므로 빈칸에는 ⑤ ‘우리가 형성하는 인상뿐만
아니라 우리의 행동 및 형성되는 관계에도 영
향을 미친다’가 가장 적절하다.
[본문 변형] 빈칸은 원래 not only affect the
impressions we form but also our behaviour
and the relationship which is formed였음
① 두뇌가 다양한 사실들을 처리하는 방식을 왜
곡한다
② 우리의 인지와 인식과 아무런 관계가 없다
③ 어떤 특정한 것들을 선택하는 우리의 주의
기제를 약화시킨다
④ 특정 유형의 사람에 대한 지각적 판단을 하
지 못한다
228) ⑤：음악에서 음표가 전형적인 순서로 배열될 때
또는 발레에서 정해진 춤 동작을 이루는 연속
스텝은 전문가들에게 유리함을 주고 그것들을
정확히 재현할 수 있다는 흐름이다. 따라서 빈
칸에는 ⑤ ‘기억의 범위는 익숙한 순서와 패턴
을 인식하는 능력에 의해 늘어난다’가 가장 적
절하다.
① 우리의 작업 기억 능력은 변하여 왔다
② 우리는 새로움을 추구할 때 정보를 효율적
으로 다룰 수 있다
③ 정보를 장기 기억에 위탁하는 것은 다른 종
류의 도전이다
④ 많은 사람들은 이러한 기억 능력의 설명을
믿기 어렵다고 본다
229) ⑤：집단을 따르는 것이 생존에 도움이 된다고 했
으며 음식점 밖의 줄이 있는 것과 같은 환경
내의 미묘한 신호도 신뢰성을 나타낼 수 있다
고 했으므로 다른 사람들을 따라하는 것이 좋
다는 흐름이 되어야 한다. 따라서 빈칸에는
⑤ ‘주변에 있는 사람들의 행동을 따르는 것이
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2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 고1
좋다’가 가장 적절하다.
① 사람들은 그들이 보기를 원하는 것을 보는
경향이 있다
② 수적 우세함이 항상 합리적인 것은 아니다
③ 우리는 집단적 지식을 받아들이지 않으려고
한다
④ 어떤 다른 사람이 가지 않았던 길을 선택하
는 것이 현명하다
230) ②：체스 전문가의 유리함이 익숙한 패턴에서 나오
듯이 음표가 무작위로 배열 되었을 때 보다 전
형적인 순서를 따를 때 음악 훈련을 받은 사람
이 음악 훈련을 받지 않은 사람보다 짧은 연속
된 악보를 더 정확하게 재현할 수 있다는 흐름
이므로 빈칸에는 ② ‘익숙한 구조가 기억에 미
치는 유익한 효과’가 가장 적절하다.
① 장기적 기억으로부터 정보를 상기하는 방법들
③ 큰 덩어리로 묶는 것이 작업 기억의 능력에
미치는 다양한 영향들
④ 구체적인 재능과 적성이 단기 기억에 미치
는 다양한 효과들
⑤ 생물학적인 타고난 재능과 경험의 복잡한
상호작용의 결과물들
231) ③：‘I’는 회색곰이 자신의 냄새를 맡고 있다는 것
을 깨달은 후, 그것이 생존의 문제였으며, 그
곰의 동기는 먹을 고기를 찾는 것이었다고 했
으므로, 밑줄 친 부분이 글에서 의미하는 바로
가장 적절한 것은 ③ '그 곰이 나를 먹으려고
한다는 것은 분명했다.'이다.
① 나는 우리가 지도상에서 어디에 있었는지 확
신했다
② 그 곰은 나에게 위협을 받았음에 틀림없다
④ 나는 그 곰의 먹이에 대해서 잘 알고 있었다
⑤ 나는 그 곰에게 먹을 것을 줬어야만 했다
232) ②：여우와 토끼가 각자 달리기 속도가 빨라지도록
진화과정을 겪으나, 결국 양쪽 모두 빨라져 상
대적 진화 수준은 동일하게 된다는 내용이므
로, 밑줄 친 부분이 글에서 의미하는 바로 가장
적절한 것은 ② ’동일한 상대적 적응 수준으로
귀결되다‘이다.
① 공통의 거주지에 정착하다
③ 진화의 경로에서 서로를 만나다
④ 서로의 진화적 결과를 계속 인식하다
⑤ 진화 과정에서 동일한 특성을 발현하다
[본문 변형] 하이픈으로 연결되어 있었던 ’If
foxes ~ their genes.‘를 두 문장으로 분리함.
‘~ even faster — in which case, ~‘ → ’~ even
faster. In this case, ~‘
233) ④：숙련된 학습자들은 유연하며 다양한 전략을 가
지고 상황에 맞게 적절한 전략을 사용할 수 있
예상문제┃정답
다고 설명하고 있다. 따라서 모든 수업에 ‘같은
옷을 입는 것’은 모든 다른 수업에 같은 전략
을 적용하는 것으로 이해될 수 있다. 따라서
ⓐ가 의미하는 것으로 ④ ‘심지어 다른 과목
또는 시험을 위해서 같은 전략을 사용하기’가
가장 알맞다.
① 너무 많은 전략을 적용하는 것을 피하기
② 시험 공부를 위해 언제 무엇을 해야 하는지
를 알기
③ 한 상황에 여러 가지 전략을 적용하기
⑤ 같은 상황이 오게 되면 같은 전략을 반복하기
234) ④：직업적 성공이 의도치 않게 틀에 박힌 생활의
안락함의 늪에 빠뜨려 궁극적으로 만족스럽지
못한 일자리에 갇혀 있다는 느낌을 주게 할 수
있다고 했으며, 안정적이고 보수가 좋음에도
불구하고 불만족스럽다고 느끼게 될 수도 있다
고 했으므로 ‘태양을 보거나 신선한 공기를 호
흡한다’가 의미하는 바로 ④ ‘여러분에게 주어
진 것의 가치를 인정하다’가 가장 알맞다.
① 과잉자극을 피하다
② 더 발전하기 위해 애쓰다
③ 자연의 중요성을 깨닫다
⑤ 여태껏 해오던 일을 계속하다
235) ⑤：자신의 에너지가 가장 높은 시간을 파악하여
활용하라는 내용의 글이므로, ‘실제로, 일찍 일
어나는 사람들은 하루 종일 더 활력 있는 경향
이 있다.’라는 뜻의 (E)는 전체 글의 흐름과 무
관하다.
236) ④：성공이 뜻하지 않게 틀에 박힌 편안한 생활에
갇히게 할 수 있다는 내용으로 그러한 틀에 박
힌 생활이 주는 위험에 대해 설명하고 있다.
바로 앞부분에서 사람들이 틀에 박힌 생활에
갖혀 있는 상황에 대해 염려하고 있다고 하고
바로 뒤에서는 그들이 궁극적으로 만족스럽지
못한 일자리에 갖혀 있는 느낌을 받는다고 이
야기하고 있으므로 (D) ‘그러나, 그러한 상황에
서 돌파구 찾는 것을 멈추기는 너무 이르다.’는
글의 전체 흐름에 어긋난다.
237) ④：지문은 1940년대와 1950년대 동안 산업 사회
가 변화하면서 판매 개념에 철학적 변화가 생
겼고 이는 현대 사회의 기업이 합리적인 가격
에 양질의 제품을 생산하는 것을 넘어서서 고
객과 고객의 다양한 욕구를 충족하는 것에 집
중하게 하는 마케팅 혁명으로 이어졌다는 내용
이므로, 현대성의 잠재력에 관한 문장인 (D)
‘일부 사람들에게, 이것은 아마도 아직 완전히
실현되지 않은 현대성의 잠재력을 보여주는 것
이다.’가 관계없는 문장이다.
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2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 고1
238) ④：지문은 시차에서 회복하는 속도는 이동 방향에
달려 있는데 동쪽으로 이동하는 것보다 서쪽으
로 이동하는 것이 시차에서 회복하는 데 유리하
기 때문에 연구에 따르면 서쪽으로 비행하는 팀
이 동쪽으로 비행하는 팀보다 프로 야구와 대학
미식 축구에서 더 좋은 성적을 낸다는 내용이므
로, 프로 야구에 관해 설명하는 (D) ’프로 야구
는 전 세계의 리그와 관련 2군 팀에서 진행된
다.‘가 흐름과 관계없는 문장이다.
239) ⑤：지문은 동물이 만화나 만화 영화에 등장하거나
장난감의 본이 될 때 그들은 표정과 언어 사용
같은 인간의 특징이 투영된 모습으로 표현될
때가 아주 많다는 내용이므로, 만화 영화의 특
성을 설명한 문장인 (E) ‘만화 영화는 종종 어
린이들을 대상으로 제작되거나 어린이들에게
가장 매력적이지만 모두가 쉽게 즐길 수 있다.’
가 흐름상 관계없는 문장이다.
240) ②：지문은 매일 하고자 시작하는 일을 성취해서
자신감을 얻길 원한다면 일이 얼마나 시간이
걸릴지 아는 것이 중요하므로 일을 하는 데 필
요한 시간을 정확히 알도록 추산과 경험을 통
해 배우고 쓸 수 있는 시간 안에 일을 마칠 수
있도록 과제의 길이에 맞게 시간을 계획하라
는 내용이다. 따라서 지나친 낙관주의의 문제
점에 관한 설명인 (B) ‘지나친 낙관주의의 문제
중 하나는 사람들이 다른 사람들보다 자신에
대해 더 많이 알고 있다는 것이다.’가 흐름상
관계없는 문장이다.
241) ④：‘이것이 일부 종들이 역치를 넘는 데 성공하여
진화 과정에서 다른 종들보다 비교 우위를 점
하는 이유이다’라는 뜻의 (D)는 포식자-먹이 종
간의 상호 반복 진화 때문에 상대적 진화 수준
에는 변화가 없다고 설명하는 글의 전체 흐름
과 관계 없다.
[본문 변형] 하이픈으로 연결되어 있었던 ’If
foxes ~ their genes.‘를 두 문장으로 분리함.
‘~ even faster — in which case, ~‘ → ’~ even
faster. In this case, ~‘
242) ②：‘반면, 가상 현실은 우리가 물리적 세계와 디지
털 세계 사이의 경계를 흐리게 하는 몰입적/상
호작용적 경험을 창조할 수 있게 해준다.’라는
뜻의 (B)는 아이디어를 물리적 실체로 바꾸는
인간의 정신을 다루는 글의 흐름과 관계 없다.
[본문 변형] 두 문장을 세미콜론(;)을 사용하여
한 문장으로 연결하였음 ‘We ~ be. Over
vision.’ → ‘We ~ be; Over vision.’
243) ④：‘돌도끼와 돌칼은 동물을 도살하거나 나무를 자
를 때 사용되는 필수적이고 내구성이 강한 도구
 예상문제┃정답
였기 때문에 초기 인류 사회에서 매우 중요했
다’라는 뜻의 (D)는 농업의 시작으로 인해 발생
한 초기 인류 공동체의 분업을 다루는 글의 흐
름에 비추어 볼 때, 지나치게 지엽적인 내용이
므로 글의 흐름과 관계없다.
244) ②：육안으로 관찰하는 것은 편리하고 즉각적일 수
있지만, 상세한 조사를 할 수 없고 관찰자의 시
력에 의해 제한될 수 있다’라는 뜻의 (B)는 마
그마의 식는 과정을 통해 광물 형성을 살펴보
는 글의 흐름과 관계 없다.
245) ④：복합 탄수화물은 몸에 좋은 탄수화물로서 비타
민과 미네랄 같은 다른 영양소를 몸에 제공하
는 반면, 나쁜 탄수화물은 당 이외에 몸을 위
한 영양소를 거의 가지고 있지 않다는 내용의
글이다. 따라서 (D) ‘음식이 많은 단순 탄수화
물을 포함하고 있는지를 알아내는 쉬운 방법은
그것이 포함하고 있는 첨가된 설탕의 양을 확
인하는 것이다’는 글의 전체 흐름에 어긋난다.
246) ④：어떤 사람에 대한 서로 다른 기대가 우리가 형
성하는 인상과 행동 및 형성되는 관계에도 영
향을 미친다는 내용의 글이다. 따라서 (D) ‘인
식의 체계는 익숙함과 기대로 이어지는 이전의
경험과 또는 동기 부여 또는 감정 상태에 의해
서도 생성될지 모른다’는 전체 글의 흐름과 어
긋난다.
247) ③：우리는 어떻게 행동할지 결정할 때 다수의 사
람들이 따르는 사회적 증거를 찾고 그것에 따
르는 것이 분별력 있다는 내용의 글이다. 따라
서 (C) ‘자연 환경은 종종 눈에 띄는 랜드마크
나 기존의 길로 표시되는 신뢰할 수 있고 안전
한 경로의 중요한 단서를 가지고 있다.’는 글의
흐름과 어긋난다.
248) ③：익숙한 구조가 기억에 미치는 유익한 효과는
음악과 발레에서 전문가가 유리한 입장에 있
도록 하며, 익숙한 순서와 패턴을 인식하는 능
력에 의해 기억의 범위는 늘어난다는 내용의
글이다. 따라서 (C) ‘그러므로 청각 시스템은
순차적으로 정렬된 소리를 일관된 음악 인식
에 통합하는 것이 필수적이다’는 글의 전체 흐
름과 어긋난다.
[본문 변형] 첫 세 문장이 생략되었으며 남은
문장들이 한 문단으로 통합되었음
249) ⑤：관계자분께 자신을 Blue Sky 아파트의 거주자
라고 소개하는 내용의 주어진 글 다음에, 최근
에 아이들을 위한 구역이 수리가 필요하다는
것을 알게 되었으며, 귀하께서 그 구역 놀이터
설비의 열악한 상태에 관심을 기울여 주시기를
바란다는 내용의 (C), 앞선 ‘놀이터 설비의 열
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2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 고1
악한 상태’에 해당하는 내용으로서, 그네가 손
상되었고, 페인트가 떨어져 나가고 있고, 미끄
럼틀의 볼트 몇 개가 빠져 있다고 언급하며,
그 시설은 이곳으로 이사 온 이후로 이렇게 형
편없는 상태였고, 그것은 거기서 노는 아이들
에게 위험하다는 내용의 (B), 앞선 The
facilities(그 시설들)를 them으로 지칭하며 그것
을 수리해 주시길 바라며, 이 문제를 해결하기
위해 즉각적인 관심을 두시면 감사하겠다고 언
급하는 내용의 (A)로 이어지는 것이 적절하다.
250) ③：‘I’가 로키산맥에서 2주간의 여행 중, 자연 서식
지에서 회색곰 한 마리를 보았다는 내용의 주
어진 글 다음에, 앞에 언급된 회색곰을 the
bear(그 곰)로 지칭하며, ‘I’는 그것이 처음에 땅
을 가로질러 걸어가는 모습을 보았을 때 기분
이 좋았는데, 그것은 이따금 멈춰 서서 고개를
돌려 깊게 코를 킁킁거렸다는 내용의 (B), 그것
이 무언가의 냄새를 따라가고 있었고, ‘I’가 서
서히 거대한 이 동물이 자신의 냄새를 맡고 있
다는 것을 깨닫기 시작해서 얼어붙었다는 내용
의 (A), (A)의 내용을 바탕으로, 곰을 발견한 것
이 더는 멋진 경험이 아니었고, 이제 생존의
문제였다는 내용이 되는 (C)로 이어지는 것이
적절하다.
251) ③：기술을 받아들이면서 그에 대한 비용을 치러야
한다는 내용의 주어진 글 다음에, 수천 개의 전
통적 생계 수단과 생활 방식이 사라졌다는 (B)
가 가장 먼저 온다. (B)의 마지막 문장에서 언급
한 jobs they hate를 these jobs로 받아 이러한
일자리가 고통, 장애, 질환을 유발한다는 (C)가
이어지며, (C)의 마지막 문장에서 언급한 육체노
동을 피하고 디지털 세계에서 일하는 직업을 찾
게 한다는 내용을 The divorce of the hands
from the head(머리로부터 손이 단절되는 것)로
받아 이러한 현상이 신체와 정신에 위험 요소가
된다는 (A)가 마지막에 오는 것이 자연스럽다.
252) ③：대학 생활을 시작할 때 학생들이 모든 과목이
나 과제를 똑같은 방식으로 접근할지 모른다는
주어진 글에 이어, 그런 방식은 상황에 전혀
맞지 않은 옷을 입는 경우와 같다는 설명의
(B)가 연결되는 것이 자연스럽다. 이어서 다른
상황과 배경에 적합한 옷이 있고 숙련된 학습
자는 다른 상황에 같은 옷을 입는 것이 효과가
있지 않다는 것을 알고 있다는 (C)가 오고 (C)
의 마지막 문장에서 언급한 숙련된 학습자를
They로 받아 그 특징에 대한 설명이 이어지고
있는 (A)가 연결되는 흐름이 가장 자연스럽다.
예상문제┃정답
253) ④：사회적 경제적 상황이 나아지고 임금 수준과
근무 환경이 개선되었다는 주어진 글에 이어
이로 인해 휴가가 많아졌으며 운송 형태가 개
선되었다는 (C)가 가장 먼저 오는 것이 자연스
럽다. 다음으로, 이러한 내용을 these changes
(이러한 변화)로 받아 영국의 산업 혁명이 이
러한 변화들을 일으켰다는 (A)가 이어지고 철
도가 생기면서 많은 대형 호텔이 생겼다는 (A)
의 마지막 문장에 이어 그 예로 캐나다의 유명
호텔을 제시하는 (B)로 이어지는 흐름이 가장
자연스럽다.
254) ⑤：성공이 틀에 박힌 편안한 생활로 이끌 수 있다
는 주어진 글 다음에, 이 내용을 구체적으로
설명하여 어떤 일을 잘하고 보상을 잘 받으면
그것을 즐기지 않게 되더라도 그 일을 계속 하
고 싶을 수 있다는 (C)가 가장 먼저 오고, 이러
한 상황에서 어떤 것이 위험할 수 있는지를 설
명하는 (B)가 이어지고, 이러한 상황을 it(그것)
으로 받아, 그것이 많은 근로자가 자신이 현재
처해 있다고 걱정하는 상황이라는 (A)가 마지
막에 와서 (C)-(B)-(A)의 흐름으로 이어지는 것
이 가장 자연스럽다.
255) ④：Lilian Bland가 1878년 잉글랜드 Kent에서 태어
났다는 내용의 주어진 글 다음에, 그 당시 대
부분의 다른 여자아이와 달리 그녀는 바지를
입었고, 승마와 사냥 같은 모험적인 활동을 즐
겼으며, 1910년에는 자신의 비행기를 설계하고,
제작하고, 비행한 최초의 여성이 되었다는 내
용의 (C), 약간 더 안전한 활동을 하도록 그녀
를 설득하기 위해, Lilian의 아버지가 그녀에게
자동차를 사주었고, 그녀가 뛰어난 운전자가
되어 자동차 판매원으로 일하게 되었다는 내용
의 (A), 그녀가 전과 같이 비행을 다시 시작하
지는 않았지만, 그렇더라도 오랫동안 흥미진진
한 삶을 살았다는 내용의 (B)로 이어지는 것이
적절하다.
256) ④：주어진 글이 ‘시차로 인한 피로감을 극복하기
위해서 자신의 체내 시계를 얼마나 빨리 재설
정할 수 있는지는 사람마다 서로 다르며, 그
회복 속도는 이동 방향에 달려 있다.’라는 뜻이
므로, 동쪽으로 비행하여 하루를 단축하는 것
보다 서쪽으로 비행하여 하루를 연장하는 것이
더 쉬우며 이러한 동서 시차는 스포츠 팀의 경
기력에 영향을 미칠 만큼 크다고 이를 상술하
는 (C), 이에 대한 예시로 서쪽으로 비행하는
팀이 동쪽으로 비행하는 팀보다 프로 야구와
대학 미식 축구에서 상당히 더 잘한다는 연구
결과를 제시하는 (A), 46,000 경기가 넘는 메이
저 리그 야구 경기에 대한 더 최근의 연구로
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2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 고1
동쪽으로 이동하는 것이 서쪽으로 이동하는 것
보다 힘들다는 추가적인 증거가 발견되었다고
제시함으로써 앞의 내용을 보충해 강조하는
(B)로 이어지는 것이 알맞다.
257) ②：누구의 이야기인지에 따라, 즉 주인공이 누구
인지에 따라 이야기의 초점이 바뀐다는 내용의
주어진 글에 이어서, 이를 보다 상세하게 서술
하는 (B)가 먼저 오고, 나머지 두 개의 예시가
오면 적절한 흐름인데, 두 예시 중에서 명시적
인 예시 표현(Consider, for example)이 최초로
제시되는 것이 (A)이므로 (B)-(A)-(C)가 가장 자
연스런 흐름이다.
258) ②：모든 탄수화물은 기본적으로 당이며 복합 탄수
화물은 몸에 좋은 탄수화물이라는 주어진 글에
이어 복합 탄수화물을 구체적으로 설명한 (B)
글이 오고 (A)글의 on the other hand로 보아
(B)글과 반대되는 나쁜 탄수화물에 대한 설명
을 하는 (A)글이 오고, 좋은 탄수화물과 달리
빨리 분해되고 당이외의 나머지는 지방으로 축
적되는 나쁜 탄수화물을 부가적으로 설명한
(C)글이 마지막으로 온다.
259) ⑤：흔히 사람들은 어떤 사람이 한 가지 유형의 특
성을 가지고 있기 때문에, 그러면 자동적으로
그것과 어울리는 다른 특성을 가지고 있다는
잘못된 가정을 한다는 주어진 글에 이어 대학
생들을 대상으로 한 연구사례를 제시한 (C)글
이 오고, a guest lecturer(초청 강사)에 대해
두 집단이 각각 다른 정보를 들었다는 (C)의
마지막 문장에 이어 The guest lecturer(그 초
청 강사)에 대한 최초의 정보에 따라 인상이
달랐다는 실험의 결과를 설명하는 (B)가 이어
지고 also(또한)를 사용하여 또 다른 결과인 강
사가 따뜻할 것이라 기대한 학생들은 그와 더
많이 소통하는 경향이 있었다는 것을 언급한
(A)글이 마지막에 온다.
260) ④：무엇이 위험하고 무엇이 안전한지, 누구를 신
뢰할 수 있고 누구를 신뢰할 수 없는지를 결정
하는 것을 돕기 위해, 우리는 ‘사회적 증거’를
찾는다는 주어진 글 다음에, 이러한 사회적 증
거로 집단을 따르는 것을 들어 이것이 생존에
유리하다고 설명하는 (C)가 가장 먼저 오고, 모
든 사람이 그것을 하고 있다면 그것이 분별있
는 일이라는 Robert Cialdini의 말을언급하는
(C)의 마지막 문장에 이어 이 내용을 this로 받
아, 이를 상품평에서 볼 수 있으며 더 미묘한
신호를 언급하는 (A)가 이어지고, 이러한 미묘
한 신호들의 구체적인 사례를 들고 있는 (B)글
이 마지막으로 온다.
 예상문제┃정답 2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 고1 예상문제┃정답 2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 고1

261) ③：체스판을 게임 중간에 20~30개의 말들이 아직
놓여있는 상태로 5초 동안 본 체스의 달인들은
그 말들의 위치를 기억으로부터 즉시 재현할
수 있으나 초보자들은 겨우 몇 개(의 위치)만
기억해 낼 수 있다는 주어진 글에 이어 같은
말들을 가져다가 체스판에 무작위로 놓으면 같
은 익숙한 분야와 관련 있는 경우라도 전문가
의 유리함은 사라진다는 (B)글가 가장 먼저 오
고, 이 내용을 The beneficial effects of
familiar structure on memory(익숙한 구조가
기억에 미치는 유익한 효과)로 받아, 이러한 효
과가 음악을 포함하여 많은 유형의 전문 지식
에 적용된다는 (C)글이 이어지며, 음악 이외에
발레에서 움직임의 연속에 전문지식이 유리함
을 갖는다는 (A)글이 마지막으로 온다.
262) ④：주어진 문장은 ‘그것들이 거기서 노는 아이들
에게 위험하다.’는 뜻으로 주어인 They(그것들)
가 The facilities(시설들)를 가리키므로 이를 언
급한 다음이자, 그것들을 다시 them으로 받아
수리를 요청하는 내용 앞인 (D)에 들어가는 것
이 가장 적절하다.
263) ②：그것이 이따금 멈춰 서서 고개를 돌려 깊게 코
를 킁킁거렸다는 내용의 주어진 문장은, 주어
진 문장의 He(그것)에 해당하는 the bear(그 곰
을)가 언급되며, 처음에 ‘I‘가 그 곰이 땅을 가
로질러 걸어가는 모습을 보았을 때 기분이 좋
았다는 내용의 뒤, 그것이 무언가의 냄새를 따
라가고 있었고, ’I‘는 서서히 거대한 이 동물이
자신의 냄새를 맡고 있다는 것을 깨닫기 시작
해서 얼어붙었다는 내용의 앞인 (B)에 들어가
는 것이 가장 적절하다.
264) ③：그러면 당신은 더 많은 것을 이루고 이익으로
자신감을 느낄 것이라는 뜻의 주어진 문장은,
가장 힘든 작업을 그것을 가장 잘 처리할 수
있는 시간에 하도록 계획을 잡으라는 내용의
뒤이자 만약 전에 에너지 정점에 관해 생각해
본 적이 없다면, 며칠 동안 자신을 관찰해 보
라는 내용의 앞인 (C)에 들어가는 것이 가장
적절하다.
[본문 변형] You will achieve more ~, if you
schedule your … them. → Schedule your ~
them. Then you will achieve more ~
265) ④：주어진 문장은 ‘동시에, 대중 교육과 대중 매체
는 낮은 기술의 육체노동을 피하고 디지털 세
계에서 일하는 직업을 찾도록 인간을 훈련시킨
다.’는 뜻으로 이 내용을 The divorce of the
hands from the head(머리로부터 손이 단절되
는 것)로 받아 육체노동을 하지 않게 되는 것
이 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 설명하기 전인 (D)
에 들어가는 것이 적절하다.
266) ③：주어진 글은 숙련된 학습자가 ‘같은 옷을 입는
것’이 모든 수업에 효과가 있지는 않다는 것을
알고 있다는 내용이므로 상황에 적절하지 않은
옷을 입는 것은 잘못이다는 내용 또는 상황마
다 적절한 옷이 있다는 내용 뒤에 이어지는 것
이 알맞다. 또한 (C) 뒤에 이어진 문장들에서
쓰인 대명사 They가 지칭하는 대상이 숙련된
학습자이므로 주어진 문장이 들어갈 곳으로
(C)가 가장 알맞다.
267) ②：주어진 문장은 ‘동시에, 운송 형태가 개선되었
고 장소를 이동하는 것이 더 빠르고 더 저렴해
졌다.’는 내용으로 ‘At the same time(동시에)’
로 시작하고 있으므로 관광 산업의 성장에 영
향을 미친 다른 요인들 설명하는 내용 뒤에 와
야 한다. 또한 (B) 뒤의 these changes(이러한
변화들)이 주어진 문장의 내용을 받아 주어진
문장에 언급된 변화들이 산업 혁명에 의한 것
임을 설명하고 있으므로 임금과 근무 조건이
나아지고 휴가가 많아졌다는 상황에 대한 설명
뒤이자 these changes(이러한 변화들)를 언급
하기 전인 (B)에 들어가는 것이 가장 알맞다.
268) ③：곧 Lilian이 뛰어난 운전자가 되었고 결국 자동
차 판매원으로 일하게 되었다는 내용의 주어진
문장은, 비행을 하는 것보다 약간 더 안전한
활동을 하도록 그녀를 설득하기 위해, Lilian의
아버지가 그녀에게 자동차를 사주었다는 내용
의 뒤, 그녀가 결코 비행을 다시 시작하지 않
았지만, 그렇더라도 오랫동안 흥미진진한 삶을
살았다는 내용의 앞인 (C)에 들어가는 것이 가
장 적절하다.
269) ②：주어진 문장이 ‘이것은 인간과 같은 얼굴 특징
과 사람의 손을 닮게 변형된 앞다리를 가지고
있는 것으로 그것들을 보여줌으로써 달성된다.’
라는 뜻이므로, 흐름상 ‘이것’(this)에 해당하는
내용인 ‘신체적으로도, 동물 만화 캐릭터와 동
물을 본떠 만든 장난감은 또한 인간을 닮게 하
는 방식으로 변형되는 경우가 아주 많다.’라는
문장 뒤이자 주어진 문장의 내용과 비교되는
최근의 추세를 밝힌 문장인 ‘더 최근의 만화
영화에서 추세는 동물을 더 ‘자연스러운’ 방식
으로 묘사하는 것이었다.’ 사이인 (B)에 들어가
는 것이 알맞다.
270) ②：주어진 문장은 ‘사실, 고객이 실제로 원하는 제
품을 내놓는 것이 마찬가지로 매우 중요했다.’
라는 뜻으로 앞선 발언에 대해 자세한 내용을
덧붙일 때 사용하는 In fact(사실)와 비교 대상
이 있음을 알 수 있게 하는 equally(마찬가지
로)를 써서 기업이 고객의 욕구를 충족하는 것
의 어떤 것 못지않은 중요성을 말했으므로, 기
업은 합리적인 가격에 양질의 제품을 생산하는
것으로는 충분하지 않다는 것을 깨닫게 되었다
는 문장과 주어진 문장에 대한 예로 1908년에
Henry Ford는 가장 많이 팔렸던 T-모델 Ford
를 단 하나의 색상(검은색)으로만 생산했지만,
현대 사회에서는 이것이 더 이상 가능하지 않
았다고 서술한 문장 사이인 (B)에 들어가는 것
이 알맞다.
271) ④：주어진 글이 ‘이용할 수 있는 시간이 짧은 시
간밖에 없을 때 그런 과제를 위해 준비를 갖추
려고 애쓰는 것은 무의미하다.’라는 뜻이며 ‘그
런 과제’는 ‘이용할 수 있는 시간의 양이 상당
히 있어야만 시작할 수 있는 몇몇 과제’를 가
리키므로, 흐름상 이용할 수 있는 시간의 양이
상당히 있어야만 시작할 수 있는 몇몇 과제가
있다는 문장과 주어진 글에 대한 해결책으로
‘그러므로 시간이 더 오래 걸리는 과제를 위해
필요한 시간을 계획하고, 그 사이의 남는 시간
에 시간이 짧게 걸리는 과제를 배치하라.’라고
조언하는 문장 사이인 (D)에 들어가는 것이 알
맞다.
272) ③：‘생물학자들은 때때로 이 ‘붉은 여왕 효과’를 사
용해 진화 원리를 설명한다‘고 말하는 주어진
문장의 an evolutionary principle이 If foxes
evolve ~ 부터 이어지는 여우/토끼의 진화론적
설명을 가리키고 있으므로, 주어진 문장은 해당
진화론적 설명이 시작되는 문장 앞인 (C)에 들
어가는 것이 알맞다.
[본문 변형] 하이픈으로 연결되어 있었던 ’If
foxes ~ their genes.‘를 두 문장으로 분리함.
‘~ even faster — in which case, ~‘ → ’~ even
faster. In this case, ~‘
273) ⑤：‘우리는 미래가 어떨지에 대한 아이디어로 시작
하며, 일정 기간에 걸쳐서 우리는 그 비전을 다
듬어 완성한다‘고 말하는 주어진 문장은 사물을
구체화하는 것이 아닌 미래를 설계하는 것에
관해 설명하고 있으므로 사물에 대한 언급이
끝나고, 같은 방식으로 미래를 설계한다고 말한
다음 문장이자 미래에 대한 것이 머릿속에서
완성되기 전인 (E)에 들어가는 것이 알맞다.
[본문 변형] 두 문장을 세미콜론(;)을 사용하여
한 문장으로 연결하였음 ‘We ~ be. Over
vision.’ → ‘We ~ be; Over vision.’
274) ⑤：‘예를 들어, 신데렐라 이야기가 사악한 의붓 자
매의 관점에서 이야기된다면 어떻게 바뀔지 생
각해보라‘고 말하는 주어진 문장은, 해당 예시
에 앞서 일반적인 서술로 제시한 문장 뒤에 오
는 것이 적절하며, 예시가 둘 이상이라면 for
example(예를 들어)을 포함하는 주어진 문장이
다른 예시보다 먼저 오는 것이 적절하다. (여러
예시들이 제시되기 전에 for example이 가장
먼저 제시되므로) 따라서 주어진 문장은 일반
적 진술이 종료되는 자리이면서, 두 번째 예시
로 판단되는 Gone with the Wind ~ 문장 이
전 자리인 (E)에 오는 것이 가장 적절하다.
275) ⑤：‘예를 들어, 도구 제작자들은 돌도끼와 돌칼을
만드는 작업을 함께 할 수 있었다‘고 말하는
주어진 문장의 ‘share the work‘가 마지막 문장
의 ‘By working together‘와 자연스럽게 연결되
고, 이에 더해 (D) 다음에 오는 문장의 ‘do a
task faster‘와 마지막 문장의 ‘make more
tools in the same amount of time‘이 유기적
으로 연결된다. 따라서 주어진 문장은 (E)에 오
는 것이 가장 적절하다.
276) ④：‘이것은 원자가 함께 이동해 더 큰 결정을 형성
할 충분한 시간을 가지기 때문이다‘고 말하는
주어진 문장의 larger crystals(더 큰 결정)과
(C) 뒤에 오는 문장의 large enough to see ~
부분이 유기적으로 이어지며, 이를 ‘This is
because(이것은 ~ 때문이다)‘가 자연스럽게 연
결한다. 이후 빠르게 식을 때 결정이 작게 형성
되는 내용도 나오면서 자연스러운 구성을 이룬
다. 따라서 주어진 문장은 (D)에 오는 것이 가
장 적절하다.
277) ③：‘오늘날 상품 평에서 이것을 자주 볼 수 있지
만, 환경 내의 훨씬 더 미묘한 신호가 신뢰성
을 나타낼 수 있다’는 주어진 문장에서 this는
Robert Cialdini의 말을 가리키며, subtler cues
within the environment에 대한 구체적인 예시
가 주어진 문장 뒤에 위치한다. 따라서 들어갈
위치로 (C)가 알맞다.
[본문 변형] 마지막 문장이 새로 추가되었음
[추가 문장 해석] 즉, 사회적 증거는 식당이 안
전하고 방문할 가치가 있다는 것을 우리에게
말하는데 도움이 된다.
[출처] Evolutionary Ideas: Unlocking ancient
innovation to solve tomorrow’s challenges
278) ④：‘전문 지식은 또한 연속 동작에 대한 기억을
향상시킨다.’는 주어진 문장은 전문지식이 동작
에 미치는 영향에 대해 설명하고 있으므로 음
표에 대한 설명이 끝난 다음이자 무용수의 연
속된 스텝에 대해 설명하는 내용 앞인 (D)에
들어가는 것이 적절하다.
[본문 변형] 첫 두 문장이 생략되었으며 나머
지 문장들이 한 문단으로 통합되었음

- 134 - - 135 -
 예상문제┃정답 2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 고1 예상문제┃정답 2023년 3월 서울특별시 교육청 학력평가 고1

279) ⑤：(A) 화자가 놀이터의 시설들을 수리해 달라고
요청하고 있으므로, 빈칸에는 repair(수리하다),
maintain(유지 보수하다)이 적절하다.
(B) 화자는 관계자가 놀이터 설비의 열악한 상
태에 관심을 기울여 주시기를 바란다고 말하
며, 그네가 손상되었고, 페인트가 떨어져 나가
고 있고, 미끄럼틀의 볼트 몇 개가 빠져 있어
서, 거기서 노는 아이들에게 위험하다고 했으
므로, 빈칸에는 old(오래된), dangerous(위험
한), worn-out(노후된)이 적절하다.
[요약문] Blue Sky 아파트의 거주자인 Nina
Davis는 관계자에게 그것(시설)들이 (B)노후되
었다고 알리면서, 놀이터의 시설들을 (A)유지
보수하는 것에 신경 써 달라고 요청한다.
① 설치하는 것 오래된
② 수리하는 것 훌륭한
③ 설치하는 것 적절한
④ 확장하는 것 위험한
280) ⑤：우리의 에너지 정점이 모두 다르므로, 그것을
파악하여 가장 힘든 작업을 할 때 활용하면 더
많은 것을 이루고 유익할 것이라는 내용의 글
이다. 따라서 빈칸 (A)에는 effective(효과적인),
beneficial(이로운), productive(생산적인)가 적절
하고, 빈칸 (B)에는 peak(정점의), maximized
(극대화된), the highest(가장 높은)가 적절하다.
[요약문] 우리는 모두 다른 신체 리듬을 가지
고 있으며, 하루 종일 일에 집중할 수 없는 것
은 당연하므로, 가장 어려운 업무를 당신의 에
너지가 (B)가장 높을 때 처리하는 것이 (A)생산
적이다.
① 위험한 최상의
② 효과적인 맨 아래에
③ 이로운 가장 낮은
④ 효과적이지 못한 극대화된
281) ④：(A) 우리가 직업에서 기술을 받아들이면서 수
많은 전통적인 생계 수단이 뒤로 밀려나고 사
람들은 일터에서 좋아하지도 않은 일을 하게
되고 낮은 기술을 요하는 육체노동의 일 대신
디지털 세계에서 일하는 직업을 찾게 되었다고
설명하고 있으므로 직업에서 상당한 변화를 불
러일으킨 것으로 기술의 ‘적용(adoption,
application)’이 가장 알맞다.
(B) 직업에서의 기술 사용이 증가하면서 사람
들이 직업에 대한 애정을 잃고 신체적 정신적
건강에 위협을 받는 등의 부정적인 결과를 가
져온다고 설명하고 있으므로 ‘adverse(불리한)‘
또는 ’unfavorable(좋지않은)‘이 오는 것이 적절
하다.
[제시문] 기술 (A)적용은 우리 삶에 신체적인
면뿐만 아니라 정신적인 면으로도 (B)좋지 않 ⑤ 횟수 도움이 되는 (B)협동을 통해 더 효율적으로 자신들의 노동
은 결과를 수반하면서, 직업에서 상당한 변화 284) ①：이 글은 서로 다른 종들이 끊임 없이 적응하면 력을 구성할 수 있게 해 주었다.
를 불러일으켰다. 서 후대로의 유전을 통해 유리한 특질을 진화 ② 무역 분리
① 채택 이익이 되는 시킨다는 내용의 글이므로 빈칸 (A)에는 adapt ③ 사냥 분열
② 진보 예상치 못한 (적응하다)가 적절하며 (B)에는 ‘유전, 상속’이라 ④ 채집 협동
③ 제거 불리한 는 뜻의 inheritance가 적절하다. ⑤ 농업 경쟁
⑤ 강조 간접적인 [제시문] 붉은 여왕 효과는 종들이 생존 경쟁에 288) ④：(A) 이 글은 마그마가 식는 과정을 통해 광물
282) ②：(A) 사회의 현대화는 생산이 그 자체의 수요를 서 뒤쳐지지 않기 위해 지속적으로 (A)적응하 이 형성되는 내용을 설명한 글이므로 빈칸 (A)
창출할 것이라는 견해를 파괴하는 마케팅 혁명 고 (B)유전을 통해 유리한 특성을 진화시킨다 에는 ‘냉각’이라는 뜻의 cooling이 적절하다.
으로 이어져서 고객과 그들의 다양하고 복잡한 는 것을 보여준다. (B) 마그마의 냉각 과정의 속도(how fast)가 결
욕구를 충족하고자 하는 욕망이 기업의 초점이 ② 적응하다 지원 정하는 것은 결정의 크기이기 때문에 빈칸 (B)
되었다고 했으므로, serving(충족시키는), ③ 상승하다 지원 에는 ‘크기’라는 뜻의 size가 적절하다.
fulfilling(충족시키는), satisfying(충족시키는)이 ④ 노화하다 수용 [제시문] 마그마로부터의 광물의 형성은 (A)냉
빈칸에 알맞다. ⑤ 노화하다 유전 각 과정을 필요로 하고 그것이 얼마나 빠른지
(B) 산업 사회가 1940년대와 1950년대 동안 더 285) ②：이 글은 인간의 정신(mind)가 모든 것을 물리 가 결정의 (B)크기를 정한다.
부유하고, 더 경쟁적이고, 더 지리적으로 퍼져 적으로 실현하기 전에 아이디어 단계에서 모든 ① 가열 크기
나가면서 판매 개념의 철학적 변화가 일어났으 것을 완성시킨다는 내용의 글이므로 빈칸 (A) ② 가열 구성
며, 이는 기업이 구매자 및 고객과 더 긴밀한 에는 ‘정신적으로’라는 뜻의 mentally가 적절하 ③ 냉각 구성
관계를 발전시키고 결과적으로 합리적인 가격 며 (B)에는 ‘물리적인’이라는 뜻의 physical이 ⑤ 냉각 순도
에 양질의 제품을 생산하는 것으로는 충분하지 적절하다. 한편 (B)에는 visible(가시적인), 289) ②：복합 탄수화물은 비타민과 미네랄 같은 다른
않다는 것을 깨닫게 했다고 했으므로, fair(적정 real-world(실제의) 또한 가능한 선지이다. 영양소를 공급하는 몸에 좋은 탄수화물이지만
한), right(적절한), decent(적절한)가 빈칸에 알 [제시문] 창조적인 정신의 힘 덕분에, 우리 인 단당류인 나쁜 탄수화물은 그것이 만들어지는
맞다. 간은 어떤 것을 (B)물리적 표현물로 바꾸기 전 당 외에 몸을 위한 영양소를 거의 가지고 있지
[제시문] 판매에 대한 개념의 철학적 변화는 현 에 항상 (A)정신적으로 완료할 수 있다. 않다는 내용의 글이다. 따라서 빈칸 (A)에는
대 기업들이 좋은 제품을 (B)적정한 가격에 생 ① 정신적으로 증강된 ‘유익한’의 뜻을 가진 beneficial 또는
산하는 것을 넘어 고객과 그들의 다양한 요구 ③ 물리적으로 가시적인 advantageous가 적절하며, (B)에는 nutritional
를 (A)충족시키는 것에 중점을 두게 만들었다. ④ 감정적으로 가상의 (영양의, 영양상의) 또는 nourishing(영양가 있
① 충족시키는 높은 ⑤ 감정적으로 실제의 는)이 적절하다.
③ 무시하는 적절한 286) ④：이 글은 동일한 이야기라도 주인공이 누가 되 [제시문] 복합 탄수화물은 당신의 몸에 (A)유익
④ 충족시키는 불안정한 느냐에 따라 다르게 해석될 수 있다는 내용의 하지만, 복합 탄수화물과 비교되었을 때 단순
⑤ 의심하는 적절한 글이므로 빈칸 (A)에는 ‘다른’이라는 뜻의 탄수화물은 (B)영양상의 가치가 거의 없다.
283) ③：(A) 시차에서 회복하는 속도는 이동 방향에 달 different 또는 ‘바뀐’이라는 뜻의 changed가 ① 쓸모없는 면역상의
려 있다고 했으므로, 빈칸에는 course(경로, 방 적절하며 (B)에는 ‘주인공’이라는 뜻의 ③ 해로운 심리적인
향), direction(방향)이 알맞다. protagonist가 적절하다. ④ 유익한 생물학적
(B) 일반적으로 동쪽으로 비행하여 하루를 단 [제시문] 우리가 이야기의 (B)주인공을 바꿀 때 ⑤ 해로운 영양을 주는
축하는 것보다 서쪽으로 비행하여 하루를 연장 (A)다른 해석이 발생한다. 290) ①：초청 강사에 대한 최초의 정보에 따라 인상이
하는 것이 더 쉽고, 연구에 따르면 서쪽으로 ① 흔들리지 않는 갈등 달랐으며 강사가 따뜻할 것이라 기대한 학생들
비행하는 팀이 동쪽으로 비행하는 팀보다 프로 ② 변화된 결과 은 그와 더 많이 소통하는 경향이 있었다는 내
야구와 대학 미식축구에서 상당히 더 잘한다고 ③ 변화 없는 악당 용의 글이다. 따라서 (A)는 ‘최초의’의 뜻을 가
했으므로, 빈칸에는 profitable(이로운), ⑤ 균형 잡힌 적대자 진 primary 또는 initial이 적절하고, (B)는 ‘관계
advantageous(유리한), helpful(도움이 되는)이 287) ①：이 글은 인류가 농경을 시작하고 정착함에 따 하다‘의 뜻을 가진 relate to 또는 connect to
알맞다. 라, 분업이 발생하고 함께 일하는 것을 배우며 가 적절하다.
[제시문] 시차에서 회복하는 속도는 이동 (A)방 같은 시간에 더 많이 생산할 수 있게 되었다는 [제시문] 연구는 어떤 사람에 대한 (A)최초의
향과 관련이 있으며 동쪽보다는 서쪽으로 이동 내용의 글이다. 빈칸 (A)에는 ‘농경’이라는 뜻의 정보가 그 사람에 대한 인상뿐만 아니라 우리
하는 것이 (B)유리한데, 이는 스포츠팀 성적에 farming과 agriculture가 적절하며 (B)에는 ‘협 가 행동하고 그 사람과 (B)관계하는 방식에 상
도 영향을 미친다. 동’이라는 뜻의 cooperation, collaboration가 당한 영향을 줄 수 있다는 것을 보여준다.
① 경로 손해를 끼치는 적절하다. ② 정확한 – 분리하다
② 속도 이로운 [제시문] (A)농업의 시작은 사람들이 집단을 이 ③ 모호한 – 관계하다
④ 강도 불리한 루어 살게 만들었으며 그들이 노동의 분업화와 ④ 처음의 – 분리하다

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⑤ 최종적인 - 경쟁하다 307) (A) students (B) Flexible learners business realize that it was not enough to (C) share (D) more
291) ⑤：체스판의 익숙한 패턴이 전문가에게 기억의 유 308) ㉠ use → using produce a quality product at a reasonable price. 349) Living in communities allowed people to organize
리함을 주듯이 음악이나 발레를 포함하는 많은 ㉡ what → that 328) products that customers actually wanted themselves more efficiently.
유형의 전문지식에서도 같은 현상이 적용된다 309) They have different strategies and know when to 329) People differ in how quickly they can reset their 350) (1) ⓐ: cool → cools
는 내용의 글이다. 따라서 빈칸 (A)는 ‘강화하 use them. biological clocks to overcome jet lag (2) ⓒ: itself → themselves
다’의 뜻을 가진 enhances 또는 reinforces가 310) not only know what to do, but they also know 330) (A) does → is (3) ⓔ: forming → form[to form]
적절하고, 빈칸 (B)는 ‘유리한, 우세한’의 뜻을 how to do it (B) enough sizable → sizable enough *ⓔ는 원래 지문에서 form이었음
가진 predominant 또는 advantageous가 적절 311) (1) ⓐ: socially → social 331) eastward travel is tougher than westward travel 351) The type and amount of elements present in a
하다. (2) ⓑ: giving → given magma partly determine which minerals will form.
332) the confidence that comes from achieving what
[제시문] 친숙한 순서와 패턴은 기억 범위를 (3) ⓓ: coming → came 352) how rapidly the magma cools
you set out to do each day, it’s important to
(A)강화하고, 이것은 전문가가 초보자보다 더
312) (1) (A): worse → better understand how long things are going to take 353) the crystals that form are generally large enough
(B)유리하다는 것을 암시한다.
(2) (D): less → more 333) (1) ⓐ: to be → is to see with the unaided eye
① 약화시키다 우세한
313) it became faster and cheaper to get to places (2) ⓒ: fit → fitting 354) (1) ㉡: another → other
② 강화하다 불리한
314) made possible the building of such famous hotels (3) ⓕ: putting → put (2) ㉣: also release → are also released
③ 감소시키다 비우호적인
as 334) Make a practice of estimating the amount of 355) (A) difficult (B) Bad (C) complex (D) easy
④ 상쇄하다 우호적인
315) ⓐ done → doing time needed 356) other than the sugars from which they are made
ⓑ in which → which[that] 335) There is no point in trying to gear up for such a 또는 other than the sugars which they are made
유형 D
ⓒ feel → feeling task from
292) I want you to pay attention to the poor condition *ⓑ는 원래 지문에서 that 이었음 336) (A) from it → from 357) what it cannot[can’t] use is converted to fat and
of the playground equipment in the zone. 316) (A) comfortable (B) secure (B) passing → pass 또는 to pass stored in the body
293) ⓐ damaged ⓑ dangerous (C) unsatisfying *(B) 원래 지문에는 pass가 쓰였음 358) (1) ⓒ: given → were given
ⓒ immediate 317) the sides of the rut have become so slippery 337) to keep in the same place (2) ⓓ: contain → containing
294) (B) had → have that it would take a superhuman effort to climb 338) If foxes evolve to run faster so they can catch (3) ⓕ: being → to be
(C) repair → repaired out more rabbits 359) (A) one type of characteristic
295) ⓐ habitat ⓑ joy 318) (A) wildlife (B)safer 339) only the fastest rabbits will live long enough to (B) the students
ⓒ scent ⓓ survival (C) exciting make a new generation of bunnies that[which] (C) the guest lecturer
296) He stopped every once in a while to turn his 319) ⓐ trying → to try run even faster 360) (1) description (2) warm (3) cold
head about, sniffing deeply. ⓑ moving → moved *주격 관계대명사는 원래 지문에서 that이 쓰였음 361) different expectations not only affect the impressions
297) (A) which → that 320) Lilian was a master driver and ended up working 340) (1) ⓒ: idea (that[which]) we form but also our behaviour and
(B) (to) eat it → (to) eat as a car dealer. (2) ⓓ: had clearly pictured the relationship which[that] is formed
298) to find meat to eat 321) The most noticeable human characteristic projected (3) ⓔ: designs 362) (A) deciding → decide[to decide]
299) It is difficult for any of us to maintain a constant onto animals is that they can talk in human (4) ⓖ: thought, decision and activity (B) done → doing
level of attention throughout our working day. language. 341) (A) first (B) finished (C) same *(A)는 원래 지문에서 decide였음
300) ⓐ are characterised → characterised 322) ⓐ in such a way as to resemble humans 342) to bring into existence what we have mentally 363) ⓐ is it easy to find a seat
ⓑ Trying → Try ⓑ they still use their front legs like human hands concluded ⓑ It is a hassle to wait
301) ㉠ confident ㉡ demanding 323) A general strategy that is used to make the animal 343) Whose story it is affects what the story is. 364) a powerful cue that the food’s[the food is] tasty,
㉢ different characters more emotionally appealing 344) (1) ⓐ: Changing → Change and these seats are in demand
302) peaks and valleys of energy and alertness 324) facial, hands (2) ⓑ: it → them 365) it’s good to adopt the practices of those around
303) (1) ⓑ: are caused → cause 325) (1) ⓑ: geographical → geographically (3) ⓓ: are → is you
(2) ⓔ: seeking → seek (2) ⓕ: was destroyed → destroyed 345) how the tale of Cinderella would shift if told 366) (A) are shown → shown 또는 who[that] are shown
(3) ⓕ: put → puts (3) ⓖ: becoming → became from the viewpoint of an evil stepsister (B) only a little → only a few
304) have been pushed aside by progress 326) ㉠ (Herny Ford 자신의) 가장 많이 팔렸던 T-모델 346) what if we were shown the same events from *(A)는 원래 지문에서 shown이었음
305) Hundreds of millions of humans today work at Ford를 단 하나의 색상(검은색)으로만 생산했던 것 the viewpoint of Rhett Butler or Melanie Wilkes 367) ⓑ: store → stored
jobs they hate, producing things they have no ㉡ 생산 347) (1) ⓓ: (that[which]) they needed ⓒ: Facing → Faced
love for. ㉢ 고객들 (2) ⓔ: do a task faster ⓕ: that → those
306) (1) ㉡: high-tech → low-tech 327) This forced business to develop closer relations *ⓓ는 원래 지문에서 they needed였음 368) they can repeat a sequence of steps making up
(2) ㉤: benefit → risk with buyers and clients, which in turn made 348) (A) settle down (B) divide up a routine better than steps ordered randomly

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369) memory range is increased by the ability to

recognize familiar sequences and patterns
370) The monster was so ugly and smelly that the
guards froze in shock.
371) demanding he get off the throne
[지문 변형] demanding that he → demanding he
372) (A) words → word
(B) taken → taking
373) With another act of kindness to the monster
374) terrible condition, facilities, repaired
375) peak, demanding tasks, attention, constantly
376) Adoption, Technology
377) Skillful[Flexible], different, when[how], how[when]
378) Design, Build, Fly Her Own Airplane
379) railways, tourism
380) Success, unsatisfied, secure
381) Overcoming, westward, direction
382) Animal characters, humans
383) modernization, revolution, customers[clients]
384) confidence, estimate[understand], time
385) (A) evolves (B) the same place
386) Future, Idea
387) character's viewpoint
388) (A) farming (B) faster (C) worked
389) magma, type[amount], amount[type], size, cooling
390) (A) Carbohydrates (B) complex
(C) break down (D) nutrients (E) simple (F) few
391) differ, information[description], behavior, relationship,
impressions
392) (A) uncertain (B) the majority (C) suitable
393) Advantage, Familiar, Expert
394) Kindness, Monster

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