Unit II : Emerging trends in IT

What is an Information System?

A formal, sociotechnical organizational system designed to gather, process, store, and
disseminate information is known as an information system (IS). Information systems comprise
four components from a sociotechnical standpoint − task, people, structure (or roles), and
technology.
Information systems consist of members that gather, store, and process data, with the data being
utilized to give information, add to knowledge and create digital products that aid decision-
making.
Organizational levels, data mode, processing, system objectives, and type of assistance given are
all used to classify information systems.
Types of Information System

Transaction Processing System (TPS)

The term "transaction processing system" refers to an information system that processes data
arising from business transactions.
 The goal of a Transaction Processing System is to offer transactions so that data may be
updated and reports can be generated, i.e., to do storekeeping.
 Batch processing and online transaction processing are the two methods used to complete
the transaction.
 Examples include a billing system, a payroll system, and a stock control system, etc.
Management Information System (MIS)
The purpose of a Management Information System is to turn relatively raw data available
through a Transaction Processing System into a summarised and aggregated form for the
manager, generally in the form of a report. Middle management and operational supervisors are
likely to use the reports.
 In MIS, several distinct types of reports are generated. A summary report, on-demand
report, ad-hoc reports, and an exception report are among the reports available.
 Examples include Sales Management Systems and Human Resource Management
Systems.
Decision Support System (DSS)
In a semi-structured or unstructured environment, a Choice Support System is an interactive
information system that gives information, models, and data manipulation tools to assist in
making a decision.
 The end-user is more active in producing DSS than a MIS since it includes tools and
strategies to assist in obtaining relevant information and analyzing possibilities and
alternatives.
 Examples include Financial Planning Systems and Bank Loan Management Systems.
Experts Systems
Experts Systems include knowledge to assist management in identifying and fixing problems.
These systems are based on artificial intelligence research concepts.
 Experts Systems is an information system that is built on knowledge. It acts as an expert
counsellor to consumers by utilizing its expertise in a particular area.
 An expert system's components include a knowledgebase and software modules. These
modules make inferences based on knowledge and respond to a user's query.