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  • Botany - Gramineae Family

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    Shivani Vasudeva Verma
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    The Poaceae family, also known as the grass family, includes many economically important plants. It is a large family of monocotyledonous flowering plants that are known as grasses. Key features include fibrous root systems, jointed cylindrical stems, sessile leaves with sheathing bases, and flowers arranged in spikes or panicles. Many important food crops are grasses, including wheat, rice, corn, barley and millet. Grasses also provide fodder, sugar, alcohol, ropes, and building materials like bamboo. The grass family has greater economic importance than any other family of flowering plants.

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    Botany Allen notes

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    Botany_Gramineae Family

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    The Poaceae family, also known as the grass family, includes many economically important plants. It is a large family of monocotyledonous flowering plants that are known as grasses. Key features include fibrous root systems, jointed cylindrical stems, sessile leaves with sheathing bases, and flowers arranged in spikes or panicles. Many important food crops are grasses, including wheat, rice, corn, barley and millet. Grasses also provide fodder, sugar, alcohol, ropes, and building materials like bamboo. The grass family has greater economic importance than any other family of flowering plants.

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    75 views2 pages

    Botany - Gramineae Family

    Uploaded by

    Shivani Vasudeva Verma
    The Poaceae family, also known as the grass family, includes many economically important plants. It is a large family of monocotyledonous flowering plants that are known as grasses. Key features include fibrous root systems, jointed cylindrical stems, sessile leaves with sheathing bases, and flowers arranged in spikes or panicles. Many important food crops are grasses, including wheat, rice, corn, barley and millet. Grasses also provide fodder, sugar, alcohol, ropes, and building materials like bamboo. The grass family has greater economic importance than any other family of flowering plants.

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    of 2

    BOTANY

    GRAMINEAE FAMILY

    Poaceae (Gramineae) : Grass Family


    Large and ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants known as grasses
    Scientific classification:
    • Kingdom : Plantae
    • Phylum : Angiosperms
    • Class : Monocotyledonae
    • Order : Poales
    • Family : Poaceae
    12- subfamilies

    Vegetative characters
    Habit: Annual (Oryza) or perennial (Saccharum) herbs; rarely tree (bamboos).
    Roots: Fibrous, adventitious.
    Stem: Herbaceous; cylindrical; jointed, hollow at internodes. Sometimes, forms rhizome or runner.
    Stem of grasses is called a culm.
    Leaves: Sessile with long sheathing base; alternate; simple; ligulate; parallel venation.

    Reproductive characters
    Inflorescence: Spike of spikelets or panicles of spiklets.
    Flower: Pedicillate; bracteate, two bracts palea and lemma enclose flower or floret; lemma contain
    bristle like awns zygomorphic; Bisexual (Oryza) or rarely unisexual (Zea mays); hypogynous.
    Perianth: Represented by two or three scale like lodicules.
    Androecium: 3 stamens in a whorl, sometimes 1,2 or 6; polyandrous; anther versatile.
    Gynoecium: Monocarpellary with superios unilocular ovary containing a single anatropous ovule;
    stigma usually 2; feathery; basal placentation.
    Fruits: Mostly one-seeded Caryopsis (fruit wall is completely fused with the seed coat)
    Seed: Endospermic

     Career Institute JANAKPURI: A1/164, Janakpuri, New Delhi [1]


    “Floral Formula: Br % P2(lodicules) A3 G1

    Economic Importance : This family has greater importance than all other families of the flowering
    plants.
    • Food: Triticum aestivum (Wheat), Avena sativa, Zea mays (corn), Oryza sativa (rice), Hordeum
    vulgare (barley), Scale cereale (rye), Penisetum typhoideum (Pearl millet, Bajra), Sorghum
    vulgare (Jowar).
    • Fodders: The dried stems and leaves of the cereal crops are used as fodder for the cattle.
    • Sugar: Saccharum officinarum (sugar cane).
    • Alcohol and beverages: For example, wine is prepared from rye, corn and rum molasses
    form sugar cane.
    • Ropes: Leaves of Saccharum spontaneum (Kans); Erianthus munja (Munj).
    • Bamboo: Used as building material and for thatching huts, making boats, carts pipes etc.
    

     Career Institute JANAKPURI: A1/164, Janakpuri, New Delhi [2]

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