MSE101-

Fundamentals of Engineering Materials

Course Objective...
Introduce fundamental concepts in Materials
Science
You will learn about:
• material structure
• how structure dictates properties
• how processing can change structure
This course will help you to:
• use materials properly
• realize new design opportunities
with materials

Chapter 1 - 1
 Start Topics Book
Date
Week 1 17th Oct, Intro to materials science and Callister 7th/8th
/10th edition
2023 engineering Classifications of
materials.
do
Week 2 Atomic Structure, Atomic bonding in
solids
do
Week 3 Crystal structures, Crystalline and non
crystalline materials
do
Week 4 Crystallographic points, directions and
,planes
do
Week 5 Imperfections in crystalline solids,
do
Week 6 Microscopic examinations
1st OHT (in week 6)

Chapter 1 - 2
 do
Week 7 Mechanical properties of solids,
Elastic behavior of metals
do
Week 8 Plastic behavior of metals,
Compressive, shear and torsion,
hardness
Week 9 Property variability and design safety
factor
do
Week Dislocations and plastic deformation
10
do
Week Strengthening Mechanism, Recovery,
11 recrystallization and growth
do
Week Phase diagram, Binary Phase
12 diagrams, Iron-Carbon system

2nd OHT (in week 12)

Chapter 1 - 3
 do
Week Ceramic structures,
13
Week Processing of ceramics
14
Week Polymeric materials and their
15 processing
Week Composite materials,
16 processing
Week Revision
17
Week Final Exam
18

Chapter 1 - 4
 COURSE MATERIALS
Required text:
• Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction
W.D. Callister, Jr., 7th edition, John Wiley and Sons,
Inc. (2007).
E-book available: 7th, 8th and 9th Editions
References:
• M F Ashby, D R H Jones: Engineering Materials-1, Pergamon Press, 1980
• W F Smith: Fundamentals of Materials Science and engineering,
McGraw-Hill
• James F. Shackelford, Introduction to Materials Science for Engineers,
Prentice Hall; 7 edition (November 9, 2008)
• D R Askeland, P P Phule: The Science and Engineering of Materials, 4th
Ed. Thomson 2003
Chapter 1 - 5
 GRADING
Assignments 10 %
Quizzes 10 %
Project 10 %
Mid Term Exam 30 %
Final Exam 40 %
• Attendance in the class will be strictly observed
starting from the first day of classes.
• Any Student with less than 75% attendance will
NOT be allowed to sit in the Final Exam.
Chapter 1 - 6
 Chapter 1 - Introduction
• What is materials science?
• Why should we know about it?

• Materials drive our society

– Stone Age
– Bronze Age
– Iron Age
– Now?
• Silicon Age?
• Polymer Age?
• Nanotechnology?

Chapter 1 - 7
Development
of Materials
over Time

Chapter 1 - 8
Chapter 1 - 9
Chapter 1 - 10
Price – per ton

Chapter 1 - 11
Mechanical
Properties

Chapter 1 - 12
Thermal Properties

Chapter 1 - 13
Electrical, Magnetic and Optical Properties

Chapter 1 - 14
Chemical properties: resistance to water, acids, alkalis,
organic solvents, oxidation and radiation

Chapter 1 - 15
 Example – Hip Implant
• With age or certain illnesses joints deteriorate.
Particularly those with large loads (such as hip).

Adapted from Fig. 22.25, Callister 7e. Chapter 1 - 16

 Example – Hip Implant

• Requirements
– mechanical
strength (many
cycles)
– good lubricity
– biocompatibility

Adapted from Fig. 22.24, Callister 7e.

Chapter 1 - 17
Example – Hip Implant

Adapted from Fig. 22.26, Callister 7e. Chapter 1 - 18

 Hip Implant
• Key problems to overcome
– fixation agent to hold Ball
acetabular cup
– cup lubrication material
– femoral stem – fixing agent
Acetabular
(“glue”)
Cup and Liner
– must avoid any debris in cup

Femoral
Stem
Adapted from chapter-opening photograph,
Chapter 22, Callister 7e.

Chapter 1 - 19
 Example – Develop New Types of
Polymers
• Commodity plastics – large volume ca. $0.50 / lb
Ex. Polyethylene
Polypropylene
Polystyrene
etc.

• Engineering Resins – small volume > $1.00 / lb

Ex. Polycarbonate
Nylon
Polysulfone
etc.

Can polypropylene be “upgraded” to properties (and price) near

those of engineering resins?

Chapter 1 - 20
 Types of Materials
• Metals:
– Strong, ductile
– high thermal & electrical conductivity
– opaque, reflective.

• Polymers/plastics: Covalent bonding → sharing of e’s

– Soft, ductile, low strength, low density
– thermal & electrical insulators
– Optically translucent or transparent.

• Ceramics: ionic bonding (refractory) – compounds of metallic

& non-metallic elements (oxides, carbides, nitrides, sulfides)
– Brittle, glassy, elastic
– non-conducting (insulators)

Chapter 1 - 21
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p03_pg1 Chapter 1 - 27
 The Materials Selection Process
1. Pick Application Determine required Properties
Properties: mechanical, electrical, thermal,
magnetic, optical, deteriorative.

2. Properties Identify candidate Material(s)

Material: structure, composition.

3. Material Identify required Processing

Processing: changes structure and overall shape
ex: casting, sintering, vapor deposition, doping
forming, joining, annealing.

Chapter 1 - 28
 ELECTRICAL
• Electrical Resistivity of Copper:
6 Adapted from Fig. 18.8, Callister 7e.
(Fig. 18.8 adapted from: J.O. Linde,
5 Ann Physik 5, 219 (1932); and
C.A. Wert and R.M. Thomson,
Resistivity, r

Physics of Solids, 2nd edition,

(10-8 Ohm-m)

4 McGraw-Hill Company, New York,

1970.)

3
2
1
0
-200 -100 0 T (°C)
• Adding “impurity” atoms to Cu increases resistivity.
• Deforming Cu increases resistivity.
Chapter 1 - 29
 THERMAL
• Space Shuttle Tiles: • Thermal Conductivity
--Silica fiber insulation of Copper:
offers low heat conduction. --It decreases when
Adapted from chapter- you add zinc!
opening photograph,
Chapter 19, Callister 7e.
(Courtesy of Lockheed 400

Thermal Conductivity
Missiles and Space
Company, Inc.)
300

(W/m-K)
200

100
0
0 10 20 30 40
Composition (wt% Zinc)
Adapted from Adapted from Fig. 19.4, Callister 7e.
Fig. 19.4W, Callister (Fig. 19.4 is adapted from Metals Handbook:
6e. (Courtesy of Properties and Selection: Nonferrous alloys and
Lockheed Aerospace Pure Metals, Vol. 2, 9th ed., H. Baker,
Ceramics Systems, (Managing Editor), American Society for Metals,
Sunnyvale, CA) 1979, p. 315.)
(Note: "W" denotes fig.
100 mm is on CD-ROM.) Chapter 1 - 30
 MAGNETIC
• Magnetic Storage: • Magnetic Permeability
--Recording medium vs. Composition:
is magnetized by --Adding 3 atomic % Si
recording head. makes Fe a better
recording medium!

Magnetization
Fe+3%Si

Fe

Fig. 20.23, Callister 7e.
(Fig. 20.23 is from J.U. Lemke, MRS Bulletin,
Vol. XV, No. 3, p. 31, 1990.)
Magnetic Field
Adapted from C.R. Barrett, W.D. Nix, and
A.S. Tetelman, The Principles of
Engineering Materials, Fig. 1-7(a), p. 9,
1973. Electronically reproduced
by permission of Pearson Education, Inc.,
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.

Chapter 1 - 31
 OPTICAL
• Transmittance:
--Aluminum oxide may be transparent, translucent, or
opaque depending on the material structure.
single crystal polycrystal: polycrystal:
High degree of perfection low porosity high porosity

Adapted from Fig. 1.2,

Callister 7e.
(Specimen preparation,
P.A. Lessing; photo by S.
Tanner.)

Chapter 1 - 32
 SUMMARY
Course Goals:
• Use the right material for the job.

• Understand the relation between properties,

structure, and processing.

• Recognize new design opportunities offered

by materials selection.

Chapter 1 - 33