Chapter 13 Review Name:_______key_________

1. Read over the chapter and know the follows:

a. Council of Chalcedon -451 CE – declared that Jesus was fully human and fully divine

b. Council of Nicea – 325 CE declared that in Jesus, God had truly appeared on earth in the
person of God’s own son. The Nicene Creed was first drawn up by this council and
articulates the church’s belief about Jesus

c. Council of Ephesus – 431 CE proclaimed that despite the differences between his divine
and human natures, there is but one person in Jesus. This council also formally and
officially gave Mary the title Mother of God.

d. Christology from above – stresses Jesus’ divinity

e. Christology from below – stresses Jesus’ humanity

f. Scholastic Philosophy – Scholasticism was a form of philosophy based on the concepts of

Aristotle and relied greatly on order and logic. As applied to Christian faith by Thomas
Aquinas, Scholasticism became the basis for the thinking and teaching employed by the
church for nearly 700 years

g. Protestant reformation – the name given for those who ‘protested’ against the Roman
church – combined with a scandalous behavior among the clergy, an awareness of the
Scriptures and a heightened personal spirituality among some members of the church, it
led many people to yearn for a renewal of the Church. The reformation came out of this
climate of tension and desire for change.

h. Second Vatican Council – 1960s – a different perception of the church itself has
emerged – a movement away from the sense of it as a defensive protector of the
faith and toward an image of a faith-filled ‘People of God’. The modern faith
community has experienced a new awareness of the relationship between
science and religion and a decrease in tension between the two.
1. Propose an argument supporting or opposing this statement: Because the Spirit guides
the church, the church is incapable of error. (page 290-294)
Our history as a church has been guided by the presence of God’s Spirit, who Jesus promised would lead
us to all truth. Paul expressed this reality by calling the church the Body of Christ. Therefore, while the
church is made up of free people capable of making many mistakes, it is also a community that is graced
and loved by God.

2. The first Christians were devout Jews. How did the Christian and Jewish religions come
to be separate? (page 294-295)

As proclamations about Jesus took root, tension steadily deepened between Christians and Jews. The
Gospel was first proclaimed to Jews, and the Jerusalem Council’s decision that Gentile converts to
Christianity did not have to first convert to Judaism represented a major turning point in the relationship
between Christians and Jews. As tensions increased, Jewish Christians were banned from the synagogues
and the break between Christianity and Judaism was virtually complete.

3. With so many differing opinions and interpretations in the church, how does one go
about sorting out the truth about Jesus? (page 308, 310)

a. Young Catholics today may well be better informed and have access to more information
than any previous generation

b. The church today is experiencing tremendous growth in its understanding of many

dimensions of Christian faith

c. The invitation and the challenge to come to your own recognition of Jesus is an intensely
personal one. No one can make you accept faith in Jesus….

d. Take the person and message of Jesus seriously and recognize the questions he posed about
the meaning of life as central to your own struggle to become a mature person

Times of growth and change can be seen as opportunities to make one’s faith come alive.