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Inorganic Salt Analysis
Inorganic Salt Analysis
Inorganic Salt Analysis
SALT ANALYSIS
A] PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Solubility in (a) Soluble K', NH:, CI, Br, I, NO3, SO.', may be present
Water
(b) Insoluble CO3,S, PO.", may be present
Action on (a) Acidic Salts of strong acid and weak base may be formed
litmus paper
(only for (b) Basic Salts of weak acid and strong base may be formed.
water soluble
compounds) (c) Nuetral Salts of strong acid and strong base may be formed
RADICAL
CATION OR
B) DRY TEST FOR POSITIVE
salts containing
Salts of K', some
(a) Substance melts be
water of Crystallization may
present
(c)Water condensing on t.2 cooler part of the test tube Crystalline salts may be present
(d) Sublimation takes place on the cooler part of the test tube NH4, Sb°" may be present
(PERFORM MIRROR TEST)
White fumes of SO, acidic to litmus having pungent SO, may be present
smell
2) FLAME TEST
Prepare a paste of the substance in conc. HCl or conc. Solution of substance in conc. HCI
and perform flame test.
a) Brick red Ca may be present
Ba may be present
cLightgreen
d) Violet (pink) K may be present
flame.
flame is not present still mention this rest in written. Show the observation
as no
NOTE: f
3] TEST FOR NH
Evolution of NH3 gas recognized NHa may be present
Substance +NaOH
TESTFOR CO,s*:
Effervescence of CO CO may be present
Substance + dilute HCI
gas turning lime water
milky.
Evolution of bad smell
S may be present
Substance + dilute HCI (heat) gas turning lead acetate
paper black
TEST FOR CI, Br, Greenish yellow gas Cl may be present
Substance + conc. H,SO + with pungent nell and
MnO bleaches litmus paper.
Reddish brown gas Br may be present
turning starch paper to
yellow
Violet gas turning starch Imay be present
paper to blue.
TEST FOR NO:
(perform when halides are Reddish brown gas (no NO may be present
absent) effect on starch paper)
Substance +conc. H,SO. + Cu
foil (heat)
TEST FOR PO.
Dissolve substance in few drops Canary yellow ppts. PO may be present
of conc. HNO3 , add excess
(NH)MoO. (ammonium
molybdate) solution (heat)
TEST FOR Cro, & Cr,O,:
If the given substance is yellow, Solution turns orange CrO may be present
add dilute HCI to its aqueous
solution
If the given substance is Cr0, may be present
orange, add dilute NaOH
Solution turns yellow
solution to its aqueous solution
TEST FOR sO:
Crystalline substance + H,0 soluble SO may be present
NOTE: Sulphates of lead, Cadmium, Barium, and Strontium are sparingly soluble in water.
Probable Cation:
Probable Anion:
[E] WET TEST FOR POSITIVE RADICAL
(CATION)
This classification is based on the solubility of different salts in water. The least soluble Metal salt is
first precipitated out and the highly soluble Metal salts are precipitated out at the end.
1. 0.S+ dilute HCI White precipitate Group 1 present
2. 0.S+dilute HCl+ Colored ppts. Or white turbidity Group 2 present
HS(excess)
Black or brown ppt. Cu'"HgBi",Sn"Pb" may be
present
CH,COOH
Black ppts.
If O.S is red in color Co may be present
If O.S is green in color Ni may be present
Pb may be present.
Above white ppt. + NH,OH Ppt. unaffected.
C.T FOR Pb
Cu is present.
0.S+ NaOH a) Bluish ppt. turns black on
heating Bi is present.
b) White ppt. insoluble in excess
NaOH
C.T.For Co2
1)0.S. +NaNO +Kl +CH,COOH Yellow ppts. Co is confirmed
2)0.5. +Na,HPO Violet ppts.
3)0.S. +NaOH
Cois confirmed
Blue ppts. insoluble in excess Co is confirmed
C.T.For N
1)0.S. +Br2 water +NaOH in Black ppts. Ni is confirmed
excess
0.S. +NHCI +NH2OH White ppts. soluble with ca, Ba Sris present
+(NH),CO effervescence
SEPERATION OF Ca, Ba and Sr
O.S. +CaSOa White ppts. immediately Ba is present
White ppts. in warning Sris present
No ppts. Ca is present
C.T.For Ca
1)0.S. +(NH),CO3 White ppts. soluble in acid with Ca is confirmed
effervescence of COp
2)0.S. +(NH);CO White ppts. soluble in acid Ca is confirmed
C.T. For Sr
C.T.FORNH
1) 0.S. +Nessler's reagent Brown ppts. NHA is confirmed
(HgCl 2KI till ppt. Dissolves
NaOH in equal amount)
2) 0.S.+Sodium cobalt Yellow ppts. NH is confirmed
nitrite)(freshly prepared)
TOPREPARE SODIUM COBALT NITRATE: Take solid NaNO2 1-2grams. Add to it a few drops of
CO(NO) solution and then add acetic acid till reddish brown colour is obtained. Test with KI
solution gives yellow ppts.
C.T.FOR K
C.T.For Br
1) 0.S. +Lead acetate White ppts soluble on Br is confirmed.
(PbAC2) heating.
2) 0.S. + MnO2 + conc. Reddish brown gas turns Br is confirmed.
C.T. For
1) O.S. + Lead acetate Yellow ppts soluble on is confirmed.
(PbAc) heating and recrystallised into
golden yellow needles on
cooling T is confirmed.
O.S. MnO2 Conc. Violet gas turns
2) + t
NHOH + NHCI)
C.T.ForCO,
1) 0.S. + BaCl2 White ppts solublein CO3 is confirmed
Acids with effervescence
of CO
Lead acetate White ppts CO3 is confirmed
2) 0.S. +
C.T. for s
1.0S+PbAC;(lead acetate)
2.0S+HgCl White ppts soluble in dil. HNO, Sisconfirmed
3.0S+Sodiumnitro Black ppts
pruside Violet colouration Sisconfirmed
s is confirmed
C.T. for N0
1.0S Cu-Eoil+ conc H,S0 &
Heat Reddish brown gas,no effect on NO, is confirmed
starch paper
2.RING TEST:
Os Conc H;SO, cool and Brown ring at the junction of two NO is ccn...med
slowlyfreshly prepared FesO liquids
solution from the side of the
test tube
C.T. for SO,2
1.0S+Lead acetate White ppts soluble in ammonium- SO is confirmed
acetate(NHAC2)