Aiechue 11

Bre seond law of theenodmamies

tine neveziole.
The miezooeopie aco f tyics
loK Aln of tong and malete
a

with each other it Lacksanda,

thene io of elira whid one is aoudly
fTua0d.. Ye, in nacOseopia uonld, tine seem to tl
forwand. rebul
a partiodoa trareetory. Broxen eg do not
themadve oR meBe ie enbe, cdo notdd
storaneouly. Tho an time, ie inindey
the se cond law ot thermoynarni e.In
Anneeded to
these feu techunas We
ot the seoond law of
enantial g igelier
heanoymsomcs, and comed it o
to eneogy
to sieme
e ynached impetus tor he deebpemerd o the
um the advent o! ed esgines.
maohines to do wok
he inoeaiYg peliance
fequned beler
Ler
Hee ineatid
he
revluahon
trinciples nderyig conV•Usion
yeleratndirg
hedt- to wonk.
of he to eee hou such facid Onojdera
interetig
ton efeiengy ot ergies ove te dstnact dess
the entrogy .
An idealized 'het egine work

Certain from hest 40USICe for exame

a cod Gne). poion ot t to wortk W
and the emaüning het & into a
example, atnshene). The elfiency o the engne
dik(fon
cadoulaled
W

An idealszed ive anengine Runrày

backwaxd, th is, ing uloZK W etat het
damig S a higher
reseNoir. We an deßne
tenpeacnae rehigene
a meit fon the pertomande o a
W -
be 1.

Souee Erhawst
W
Engine W erigerton
Toe bx

Het ergine Rektgoradar

he inet lau Trules out aslled
YMachines rt kind tut in engineo thadt produe
usthoud umgay enegs (het). Houwe
the conseryohon want be violed f
energI
Aome
evging sportneouly pone
Uaer to iee, tht taxing het tron
laody. Suh 'petpehal mohon yrahine of
4econd ind wodd sve he energy siais o he
Bt, sody hese typed madines
nled out ky eeond lew. Vhe doservion tt
Llon to coet chted io he osence of the 4edond
low of hemodymaoreso. hee
ase

Vnert ! he Neeond au. We will de two

ateemens
4.
Keliae otemend : No

se complele onyeoiox he into wonk.

Clausius's ttenerd: NeNo poaer ie onsitle ukou
n the taer o ht hon a coele
ale Reut
Lay
A petcet ergine ruled
alenert and
lky Claoriso Aaenent Thene to tmel
e ceual puialert. he caivaloee ie houn
shlenen
Viooed, o io the oher.

@ Klo anume tht there ia a macine td wode

Adenent b touiny hed &trom a cooler a

Clausiusn
regon to hoter one.
one. Naw
Now, Congider n
an engine wt:

Ltueen these tuo gm, thd teue G,6, hed

king dams , to the codlen
frm the hote Lody ar
One. The conbined ytem then tuo &-g hed
AOUnee, eeduces a w oQk ,-6, and
rom the

S.-4 then the net rea! ia

400% eiied enne, which violdes Kevina
a
eHieiet
stement
t kot )
Coained
Frge

(old
 a mahine vidleBe Kelins
odenent. Bo, it tayes hat SmooM ot oate and
conyedo the hde to WOrk.

nehidgeatdn , which an trante

be qven to a
aotr ody The conbined
hom eolden to oidement y
yetem then iolode -d Claujiuda
Arom tater coter body
hot
Combintd

Co

he uorcK done be, tn kovin

For the W= &,-G

in ot
S Hhe
the com'bined syem aui,
te,- = Be
taes Jret feom the cdd neg'on and dump
t to the tt negion, mening videirg Cawia's
 The Cannot enge i a

Fhe Carnot egine in ytem

tdt aonverte het into orK,
ReveUNibe ydie poen,
taing glce at a
with ta het erchange temperature . H an to
and
tenperatae
tat t
be cotmoly gperatel,
be yolie 80

Arevezde poces here aimpl W

be

lockwead in tine ly Gnpy

the impto and upts.
evealaity iie, equbln, the
in medhani es. Sinee
be quasi- otaie.
PRDen must
An ergine that a
qyele to ta argjid
Ade Hhe end ot the poee, We ean
t iethe
echayes urth the (eesETV0TT . lo compleke e
the hed oe to onneet tee iothem y Reveuoib)
We

adlda. Athough, dinee het o not a tde tuneon

we do not a¡u
kaow
 shereus eotad,
adiabato generd, Inaddd
here
Py ewies ae
beusll
an Pv-omtert
CuAeyondigg
to
Cowstart
ejakion , asjaaie in But
fdv VaP+ =Pdv
= W d Now,
enegI
subtane
ia the comide exanple, Fo
as qn
ideal aing engne Cancte a
uct intannoion
to enouh tahavee cb we
 oR leaves dluting neveoible inother.
Het eneo
the expaojon A’ß and
ertea duirg comfrenion D. Sinee,
hat leaves rang He
the in
ahange
a atade tuncion, the
ne to Ais
when the ergine
idemal onengy
e0.
W= - .
Cansto thesmem
and
No egine operatng leuen
b) more
eietert tan a lamt egine genatig
betuen them. Sinue a Canot egme
ia reveAible,
Carnot
ge engine. We an u n
Imgine a

he
ths, egine backwands, as
Lonbangt
denctel Seldy,
lbetweg, danetengotu
as a netageti
Cant egine ad hAA we aomine
han heto ge he combine ylen taue
evgines, then
he tws -g+: ho. If we
avd dons
1On-Canot ergine e mone
ethict,
inagine the
hen,
 W W

wit

-'.

Smee, &,-& in ooiive,

So, the aonbined aysten durmpa -,1
of he in the hot eervoln and
amouwt
the od RoerNoirt. Bo,
toves 16,-6l trom
the comtined oyoBem ia Violaiy ya
ohademend
engine

Coolay: AN neverilble engime, uordg

Aane eHoeng
oo tempertaes have the
Contceto Canot engnes in sgies, one
engine R, wieh han an efien
another
Imagine
Caonoto thenlem. We
y
 I7evene and donned t a Canot erire
towand.io Qombinal tu
will tue -
yslem
het
will Violae

Snee, hen,
to le violeted,

Qamot engne in sries, one

Now. donsider anotte betuen
beueen T and het
/
compel
wokirg T))), Nete thad, he
Re
and Ts.
T,

(obined

T&

he engine in aken by the secon.

by
 \be
&o, oide hand
udbho and a
hond adt the thd, impieo iv) qution Now,
.ida nedeined Rel where
we
f()4(,)
get ue u) and Compaing
)
eomined, cnd
Bndady
Nouw,
ngre Carnot conoined The
anohen
tue
pl opopetes
contart
40 be a
ou
of andto
omeionen, 07vension
aeoclude rteany ive fornu
pouers =T poid
arb anyone
dl)ompertae
Te dependet eleee
a
the only an H lan
on
aneellah
the 4-ntu2) he for k.
you
emp
LAS.to,
te dderine, ba except 279.46
not Aubtanee,
The
(and naie
themody poporetion
th
thecor
denowim
and ame,detne)
beRHS. (nceqyle)
=
the bemyt Equationpareheudo
Seale Casnt
Sinee
as
 Opeceig
between it
temerahue
wsel poiiened Calanl
ade
toeoR
the f the
ioeisegy
efeence AZ9. ONi
Aripre
poind
45
dered For
pord.K.his hf
eXanpl
to
e the
Qan have egne
the
also a
meting and
be