GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT POLAND

Prepared by:

Mürşit Barış Durmaz

2018435021

Hilmi Oğulcan Çalık

2018435059

Preparation for TMT 2010 World Geography Course

Dokuz Eylul University

Lecturer: GURHAN AKTAS

12ᵗʰ May 2023

 Table of Contents
1. General Information About Poland
2. Polish History
3. Polish Economy
3.1. General Economic Situation
3.2. GDP and Sectors
3.3. Export and import
3.4. Foreign investment
4. Religions In Poland
4.1.Christianity
4.2. Orthodoxy

4.3. Protestantism

4.4. Judaism

4.5. Other Beliefs

5. Poland Climate
6. Transport in Poland
6.1. Road transport

6.2 Rail transport

6.3. Air Transport

6.4. Sea Transportation

6.5. Public transport
6.6. Cycling
6.7. Tourist transportation
7. Poland Cuisine
7.1. Zapiekanka
7.2. Oscypek Cheese
7.3. Pierogi
7.4. Zubrowka Vodka
8. Bottiglieria 1881 Restaurant
9. Castles
9.1. Ogrodzieniec
9.2. Wawel Royal Castle
9.3 Malbork Castle
10. Museums ın Poland
10.1 Auschwitz-Birkenau Museum
10.2. The POLIN Museum
10.3. The WWII Museum
11. Churches
11.1. St Mary's Basilica
11.2. Bazylika Franciszkanów św. Franciszka z Asyżu (Church of St. Francis
of Assisi)
11.3. Church of St. Peter and St. Paul
12. Squares in Poland
12.1. Dluga Square
12.2. Rynek Square
13. Nature of Poland:
13.1. Lake Morskie Oko
13.2. Sopot Beach
13.3. Lake Malta
13.4. Saxon Gardens
13.5. Jaworzyna-Krynicka
14. Festivals in Poland
14.1. Dragon Festivals
14.2. Woodstock
15. Education
15.1. University of Warsaw
15.2. Gdansk Technical University
15.3. University of Wrocław
16. Extraordinary Things
16.1. Cosmic Games Pub
16.2. Wawel dragon
16.3. Cosmic Minigolf Pub
16.4. Krzywy Domek
1. General Information About Poland

Poland is one of the Central European countries with an area of 312,679 km², located
in the middle of Europe and having a long coast to the Baltic Sea. It borders Belarus to the
east, the Czech Republic to the southwest, Germany to the west, Russia and Lithuania to the
northeast, Slovakia to the south, and Ukraine to the southeast. At the same time, Poland is
governed by the provincial system and consists of 16 provinces in total. Its capital is Warsaw.
It is the 36th most populous country in the world with a population of approximately 38.4
million with a June 2019 estimate. Its official language is Polish. The currency is Polish Zloty.
1 Polish Zloty is equal to 0.22 Euro.
Being a democratic country, Poland is described as the shining star of Europe due to
its strong and stable economy. A member of the United Nations since 1945, NATO since
1999 and the EU (European Union) since 2004, Poland is also a SCHENGEN country.
With the administrative reform made on January 1, 1999, Poland, which was
previously divided into 49 administrative regions, reduced this number to 16 administrative
regions. These provinces are Wroclaw, Bydgoszcz/Toruń, Łódź, Lublin, Gorzów
Wielkopolski/Zielona Góra, Kraków, Warsaw, Opole, Rzeszów, Białystok, Gdańsk, Katowice,
Kielce, Olsztyn, and Poznań.

2. Polish History
Known history of Poland It dates back to the 3,000th century. In ancient times, the
land of Poland was home to various cultures such as Celts, Scythians, Slavs and Germanic
tribes. In the 10th century, Poland's national identity began to emerge, and with the founding
of the Piast dynasty in 930 under the leadership of Mieszko I, Poland's first state came into
being. Under the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Poland was one of the most important
states in Europe until the end of the 16th century.
From the 18th century Poland was politically weakened and came under the influence
of Russia. In 1795 Poland lost its status as a state as it was divided by Russia, Prussia and
Austria. Although there were independence movements in the 19th century, Poland was not
able to regain its independence until after the First World War.
Poland experienced an invasion in 1939, which led to the outbreak of World War II
with the attack by Nazi Germany, and experienced great suffering during the war years.
Poland, which came under the control of the Soviet Union after the war, was ruled by a
communist regime. After the transition to a democratic order in 1989, Poland is now
governed by a parliamentary democracy.
Poland's political structure is based on a parliamentary democracy in which the head
of state comes to power every five years through elections. The legislature consists of a
bicameral parliament: the Assembly and the Senate. Poland became a member of NATO in
1990 and joined the European Union in 2004.

3. Polish Economy
3.1. General Economic Situation:
 Poland is a country with the largest economy in Central and Eastern Europe.
 It has grown steadily in recent years and has shown a successful economic
performance.
 It has strong industrial potential in sectors such as high technology, automotive,
information technology, energy and food production.
3.2. GDP and Sectors:
 In statistical studies conducted in early 2021, Poland's gross domestic product (GDP)
is about 600 billion dollars.
 The service sector is the sector with the largest share of GDP, accounting for
approximately 60% of the economy.
 Production also plays an important role, accounting for around 30% of GDP.
 The agricultural sector, on the other hand, accounts for only a small part of GDP, but
agriculture remains an important sector across the country.
3.3. Export and import:
 Poland is one of the largest exporters in Europe.
 Major exports include motor vehicles, machinery and equipment, electronics,
chemicals and food.
 The main export markets are Germany, the United Kingdom, the Czech Republic,
France and Italy.
 Oil and natural gas, motor land vehicles, electronic goods and chemicals come to the
fore in imports.
 Poland's main import sources are Germany, China, Russia, Italy and the Netherlands.
3.4. Foreign investment:
 Poland is an attractive market for foreign investors. Factors such as stable economic
growth, labor productivity and European Union membership increase this
attractiveness.
 Automotive, electronics, information technologies, logistics and service sectors are
the favorites of foreign investors.
 Thanks to its membership in the European Union, Poland benefits from the support
and funds provided by the EU. These funds are used in areas such as infrastructure
projects, research and development activities, and renewable energy projects.
 Incentives for foreign investors include tax breaks, financial support, land allocation
and workforce training.
 Poland's labor market has a young and well-educated population. The population of
the country provides a competitive advantage compared to many countries with a
young and dynamic workforce.
 The tourism sector is also an important resource for the Polish economy. The
country's historical and cultural heritage, natural beauties and easy access to various
parts of Europe attract the attention of tourists.
 Poland has an economic structure based on economic reforms and free market
principles. In this way, a competitive environment was created in the business world
and entrepreneurship was encouraged.
4. Religions In Poland

Poland is a country that has hosted various religions throughout history and has been under
the influence of different beliefs.

4.1.Christianity: It is the most common religion in Poland. The vast majority are Catholic
Christians. Catholicism occupies an important place in the social, cultural and historical fabric
of Poland. The national identity and values of the country were shaped under the influence of
the Catholic faith.

4.2. Orthodoxy: Orthodox Christians live in eastern Poland, especially in the Podlaskie and
Lublin regions. The Polish-Orthodox Church and other Eastern Orthodox congregations
operate in these areas.

4.3. Protestantism: In Poland, Protestantism is represented mainly in the form of Lutheran

and Calvenist denominations. Protestantism has been influential in Polish history, especially
during the Reformation. Today, Protestant communities in Poland have a smaller population.

4.4. Judaism: Historically, Poland has been home to one of the largest Jewish populations in
Europe. However, II. The Jewish population declined drastically due to the sufferings of
World War II and the Holocaust. Today, Judaism still exists in Poland, although the Jewish
community is on a smaller scale.

4.5. Other Beliefs: Other faiths exist in Poland. These include Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism,
and other minority religions. These beliefs are often represented by communities that
immigrated to Poland.

Poland has a society based on the principles of tolerance among religions and respect for
religious freedom. There is a pluralistic religion and belief environment, and the right of
people of different faiths to worship and to practice their beliefs freely is protected.

5. Poland Climate
In terms of geographical location and surface features, there are two important factors
that determine the Polish climate. The climate is transitional between maritime and
continental climates. Winter months are mild or cold, summers are cool and rainy or hot and
dry. In general, the summer months are hot and the most pleasant time to visit. However, a
lot of sun and rain are characteristic of the Polish climate. Spring: It begins in March and
varies from -1 to +20 °C until April and May. July is the hottest month of the year, and the
weather is also quite hot in the other summer months, with temperatures ranging from 21 to
32 °C. September marks the beginning of autumn in Poland. Winter in Poland comes early
and is cold in mid-November and especially in December, and the temperature sometimes
drops to -30 °C below zero. Winter lasts from December to March and includes a short or
long period of snow. In the high mountains, snow falls until April.
6. Transport in Poland
Poland is a country with an extensive transportation network. It offers a variety of
transportation options for both local and international travel.

6.1. Road transport: Poland has a well-developed road network. Connections to different
parts of the country are provided by roads of different categories, such as highways, national
and regional roads, and village roads. The highway network allows for fast and convenient
travel between cities. For international drivers, there are some requirements in terms of
driving license and traffic rules.

6.2 Rail transport: The Polish railroad network is extensive and well developed. You can
travel by train on the railroad lines both within the country and to other parts of Europe.
Trains in Poland operate both as high-speed trains (InterCity, Express InterCity) and as local
trains (Regio). Trains run between Poland's major cities and are generally comfortable and
inexpensive.

6.3. Air Transport: There are several major international airports in Poland. Airports such as
Warsaw Chopin Airport, Kraków Balice Airport, Gdansk Lech Wałęsa Airport, and Katowice-
Pyrzowice Airport are used for domestic and international flights. These airports offer flights
to other European cities and to various destinations around the world. For domestic flights,
local airlines such as LOT Polish Airlines may be preferred.

6.4. Sea Transportation: Poland's coastline extends to the Baltic Sea, and some of its ports
are important points for maritime traffic. Ports such as Gdańsk, Gdynia and Szczecin are
used for cargo traffic and cruise ships. From these ports it is possible to reach the
Scandinavian countries by ferries.

6.5. Public transport: The public transport system in Poland's cities is well developed. Public
transportation such as busses, streetcars and subways are widely used in major cities.
These vehicles provide easy and inexpensive transportation to points within the city. Tickets
for urban transportation are usually sold for one-time use or daily validity. In addition, Uber
and other cab services are also widely available in cities.

6.6. Cycling: Cycling is becoming increasingly popular in Poland. Many cities have bike lanes
and bike sharing systems. Especially in big cities, it is easy to ride a bike and it is preferred
as an environmentally friendly option.

6.7. Tourist transportation: there are tours and bus services organized by tour operators for
transportation to tourist areas in Poland. There are transportation options organized for the
convenience of tourists, especially in popular tourist areas.

Transportation in Poland generally works well. The transport infrastructure is being expanded
and improved. Various options for intercity and international travel are offered. In addition,
public transportation in Poland is a convenient and comfortable option for accessing tourist
areas and city traffic.
7. Poland Cuisine

7.1. Zapiekanka: The name Zapiekanka comes from the Polish verb zapiekać. This verb
means "to cook with a crispy crust on top". This means that the term zapiekanka can refer
not only to the sandwich but also to a wide variety of cooked dishes. Zapiekanka emerged in
the 1970s and became widely popular under Communist rule, as it was made with commonly
available ingredients—bread, mushrooms, cheese, and ketchup. Over time, new varieties
were invented. For example, Polish street food stalls offer Hawaiian zapiekanka made with
pineapple and drizzled with barbecue sauce.

7.2. Oscypek Cheese: This spindle-shaped smoked cheese from the Tatra highlands is
made exclusively with salted, unpasteurized milk from Polish mountain sheep, although
sometimes a small amount of cow's milk from the Polish Podgórska red cow breed may be
added.
Oscypek is produced from May to September and is considered a traditional product
of Podhale, the southernmost region of Poland. With its distinctive smokiness and unique
salty and slightly sour taste, with hints of light chestnut, this slightly bitter cheese is best
enjoyed on the grill accompanied by cranberry marmalade.

7.3. Pierogi: Pierogi (in Polish, the word 'pierogi' is used in the plural, the singular is 'pieróg'
and is pronounced as 'piyerug') is the most well-known dish of Polish cuisine abroad. The
semi-circular dough pieces resemble Turkish ravioli and Italian ravioli. It is usually made from
noodle dough and sometimes from pastry dough.
Especially in recent years, we have started to see different varieties of ravioli, albeit
rare. However, none of them managed to take the lead of the classic ravioli. Although similar
in approach, Pierogi, which differs in taste and has a number of varieties, is mostly boiled in
salted water like mantı. There are also baked or fried versions available. It is possible to find
thousands of recipes for dough and stuffing. During the decades of the Communist regime,
Poles were able to consume simpler varieties with simple ingredients, often in a rural style.
Maybe that's why there is now such an extreme variety in homes and restaurants in an effort
to turn this simple dish into a gourmet treat with different sauces and ingredients.

7.4. Zubrowka Vodka: It is a brand of vodka produced from rye in Poland. The Zubrowka
Vodka bottle contains a herb called “Bison Grass”. This herb is a favorite of the endangered
bison in the Polish forests. These herbs are the main source of the aroma of Zubrowka
Vodka. They are hand-picked and dried during the hottest part of summer. They are also
used with rye during distillation. The bottle with herbs in it is a pleasant vodka with a pleasant
taste, although some people may not like it very much.

8. Bottiglieria 1881 Restaurant:

Bottiglieria 1881 is one of Poland's leading restaurants and a dining venue that offers
a special experience. Bottiglieria 1881 is a restaurant with a rich history and a unique
atmosphere. The restaurant is located in Warsaw, the historical capital of Poland. It takes its
name from the building that was built in 1881 and is still used today. The restaurant is
located in an ancient building that has been elegantly restored and carefully preserved. The
interior of the restaurant is decorated in a luxurious and sophisticated style. Stylish
furnishings, warm colors and attention to detail provide guests with a comfortable and
elegant atmosphere. Bottiglieria 1881 is both the perfect option for romantic dinners and the
ideal venue for special events. The Bottiglieria 1881 Restaurant offers elaborate and creative
culinary experiences. Chefs create delicious and original dishes using local and seasonal
ingredients. The menu offers the best of Italian, Polish and international cuisine. Each dish
is prepared with fresh, quality ingredients and served with visually stunning presentations.
The restaurant has an extensive drink collection and its expert bar team assists with
signature cocktails and wine pairings. Bottiglieria 1881 offers its guests a pleasant drinking
experience by offering a rich and varied drink menu.
Bottiglieria 1881 Restaurant is famous for its quality service. Professional and friendly staff
work diligently to meet guests' needs. The restaurant is an excellent option for a variety of
purposes, such as romantic dinners, family celebrations, business lunches and special
events.

9. Castles
9.1. Ogrodzieniec Castle is a historical castle located in the Jura Krakowsko-Częstochowska
region of southern Poland. The impressive building was built in the 14th century and is a fine
example of Gothic and Renaissance architecture.
Ogrodzieniec Castle is located on a magnificent hill and is surrounded by natural
beauty. The castle has been rebuilt and extended several times over the years, combining
different architectural styles. The castle attracts attention with its high defensive walls,
watchtowers and strong bastions. It houses many interesting structures such as the
courtyard, the citadel, the knights' hall, towers, underground passages and cisterns. Visitors
can explore this place steeped in history on guided tours of the castle and take a trip back in
time. Ogrodzieniec Castle is considered one of the most impressive and best preserved
castles in Poland. It fascinates visitors with its historical atmosphere, landscape and
architectural beauties. In addition, visitors are offered entertaining experiences with events
such as knight shows and festivals at the castle. Ogrodzieniec Castle is a unique attraction
for history, culture and nature lovers. With its historical structure and fascinating atmosphere,
it offers visitors an unforgettable experience. The series The Witcher was also filmed here.

9.2. Wawel Royal Castle: Wawel Royal Castle is a historical castle located in Kraków,
Poland. Rising on the west bank of the Vistula River, this impressive structure is one of
Poland's most important and iconic monuments.
The castle complex has been enriched with additions and restorations made in
different periods. The castle, which draws attention with its combination of architectural
elements in Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque styles, has a great historical
and artistic value.
Wawel Royal Castle has played an important role throughout history as a center
where Polish kings and leaders reigned. One of the most famous sights in the castle is the
Wawel Cathedral. This cathedral is the site of the coronations of the Polish royal family and
is home to the tombs of many important historical figures.
Within the castle complex are also important structures such as the Chapel of the Kings, the
Political Meeting Room, the Mantegna Room and the Wawel Old Market. Visitors can explore
this historical and cultural heritage and witness Poland's rich history with tours of the castle.
Wawel Royal Castle is also home to various art collections and museums. Visitors
can see works of Polish art and history in the galleries and museums inside the castle.
 Wawel Royal Castle fascinates visitors with its historical atmosphere, artistic riches
and magnificent scenery. One of the most important symbols of Poland, this castle is an
indispensable stopping point for culture buffs, history lovers and art lovers.

9.3 Malbork Castle: Malbork Castle, also known as the Castle of the Teutonic Order in
Malbork, is a magnificent medieval fortress located in Malbork, Poland. It is considered one
of the largest brick castles in the world and is a UNESCO World Heritage site.
The castle was built by the Teutonic Knights in the 13th century as their headquarters
and stronghold during the time of the Teutonic Order's rule in the region. It was strategically
situated on the Nogat River, which provided access to the Baltic Sea and served as an
important center of the Order's military and administrative activities.
The architecture of Malbork Castle is truly impressive. It consists of three main
sections: the High Castle, the Middle Castle, and the Outer Bailey. The High Castle, with its
tall defensive walls and towers, was the residence of the Grand Master and served as the
administrative and ceremonial center of the Order. The Middle Castle housed the knights and
the Outer Bailey provided additional defense and accommodated workshops and living
quarters for the castle's inhabitants.
The castle complex spans over an area of approximately 21 hectares and is
surrounded by a moat, enhancing its defensive capabilities. The interior of the castle features
numerous chambers, halls, courtyards, and chapels, all showcasing the grandeur and
opulence of the medieval era.
Visitors to Malbork Castle can explore its various exhibitions, which offer insights into
the history, art, and daily life of the Teutonic Knights. The museum displays a rich collection
of artifacts, including weaponry, armor, religious objects, and intricate wood and stone
sculptures.
One of the highlights of a visit to Malbork Castle is the opportunity to walk along the castle
walls, offering panoramic views of the surrounding landscape. Guided tours provide in-depth
information about the castle's history, architectural details, and the fascinating stories behind
its construction and inhabitants.
Malbork Castle stands as a remarkable testament to the military prowess and
architectural achievements of the Teutonic Knights. Its imposing presence, historical
significance, and well-preserved state make it a popular destination for history enthusiasts,
architecture lovers, and those seeking to delve into the medieval past of Poland.

10. Museums ın Poland

10.1 Auschwitz-Birkenau Museum: Auschwitz-Birkenau Museum, located in Oswiecim,
Poland, is a memorial and museum that serves as a stark reminder of the atrocities
committed during the Holocaust. It is dedicated to preserving the memory of the victims and
educating visitors about the horrors of Nazi concentration and extermination camps.
During World War II, Auschwitz-Birkenau was the largest and deadliest concentration
camp established by the Nazis. It was the site where millions of innocent people, primarily
Jews, were systematically imprisoned, tortured, and murdered. The museum was created on
the grounds of the former camp to honor the victims and provide a place for reflection and
remembrance.
The museum consists of two main parts: Auschwitz I and Auschwitz II-Birkenau.
Auschwitz I, the original camp, was initially built as a prison for Polish political prisoners and
later expanded to hold and exterminate people from various nationalities and backgrounds. It
now houses exhibitions and displays that document the camp's history, including
photographs, personal belongings, and testimonies of survivors.
Auschwitz II-Birkenau, located a short distance away, was designed as an
extermination camp and played a central role in the mass murder of millions of people. It
features the remnants of gas chambers, crematoria, and the railway platform where victims
were transported to their deaths. The vastness of Birkenau serves as a chilling reminder of
the scale of the Holocaust.

10.2. The POLIN Museum: The POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews is a prominent
museum located in Warsaw, Poland. It serves as a testament to the rich and diverse history
of Jewish life in Poland, showcasing the contributions and experiences of Polish Jews
throughout the centuries.
The museum's name, "POLIN," is derived from the Hebrew word for "Poland" and
symbolizes the museum's mission to preserve and celebrate the heritage of Polish Jews. It is
situated in the heart of the historic Jewish neighborhood, emphasizing the connection
between the museum and its subject matter.
The museum offers a comprehensive and immersive journey through the history of
Polish Jews, starting from their arrival in Poland in the Middle Ages. It explores the thriving
and vibrant Jewish community that developed in Poland over the centuries, highlighting their
cultural, religious, and social traditions.
Visitors can explore a range of exhibitions, interactive displays, and multimedia
installations that present the different aspects of Jewish life in Poland. The museum uses a
combination of artifacts, photographs, personal testimonies, and historical documents to
create a vivid and engaging narrative.
One of the notable features of the museum is the reconstructed synagogue, which
provides visitors with a glimpse into the spiritual and communal life of Polish Jews. The
synagogue serves as a symbol of resilience and continuity in the face of adversity.
The POLIN Museum also addresses the tragic events of the Holocaust, emphasizing
the importance of remembrance and learning from history's darkest chapters. It explores the
Holocaust's impact on Polish Jews and the significant loss suffered by the community during
this period.
The POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews stands as a significant cultural
institution, fostering knowledge, tolerance, and respect for the heritage of Polish Jews. It
plays a vital role in preserving and sharing the story of Polish Jews, their contributions to
Polish society, and the challenges they faced throughout history.

10.3. The WWII Museum: Located in Poland, the WWII Museum is an impressive museum
located in Warsaw. Museum, II. It provides a comprehensive narrative to understand the
effects of World War II in Poland and the world, using historical documents, photographs,
objects and interactive exhibits.
The museum covers the period from the pre-war period to the time when Nazi
Germany invaded Poland. Visitors explore topics such as the causes of the war, the
occupation of Poland, Nazi persecution, resistance movements and the consequences of the
war.
The museum uses a variety of exhibits and visual materials to showcase true stories,
testimonies and personal experiences. Materials such as original documents, objects from
the war, and newspaper headlines of the time are displayed to understand the devastating
effects of war.
 Also, the museum has an impressively designed section describing the psychological
effects of the war on the Polish people and how people survived. Visitors can explore more
in-depth topics such as resistance movements, concentration camps, life in the ghettos and
liberation efforts.
The museum not only offers historical information, but also conveys messages of
respect, tolerance and peace to the visitors of the tragedy of war. The museum reminds the
terrible results of the war, emphasizing that future generations should take precautions to
prevent such incidents from happening again.
The WWII Museum is a museum that offers visitors an immersive experience and
helps them understand the effects of the war on Polish and world history. It serves as an
important resource for understanding, remembering and learning from the tragedy of war.

11. Churches
11.1. St Mary's Basilica: St. Mary's Basilica, located in the heart of Kraków, Poland, is a
magnificent Gothic-style church with a rich history and architectural beauty. It is one of the
most prominent landmarks in the city and a popular tourist attraction.
The basilica's construction dates back to the 13th century, although it has undergone
several renovations and additions over the centuries. Its stunning exterior is characterized by
intricate details, soaring towers, and a mesmerizing facade adorned with sculptures and
decorative elements.
One of the main highlights of St. Mary's Basilica is its extraordinary interior. As you
step inside, you are greeted by a breathtaking sight of high vaulted ceilings, exquisite stained
glass windows, and a grand altar. The interior is adorned with magnificent artwork, including
the famous wooden altarpiece carved by Veit Stoss, which is considered a masterpiece of
Gothic sculpture.
One of the unique features of the basilica is the hourly trumpet call that is played from
the taller of the two towers. This tradition has been carried on for centuries and is a symbolic
tribute to a trumpeter who, according to legend, warned the city of an approaching enemy
during the Mongol invasion.
Visitors to St. Mary's Basilica can also climb the tower for panoramic views of the city.
From the top, you can enjoy breathtaking vistas of Kraków's historic center, including the
nearby Main Market Square and the surrounding architecture.
The basilica is not only a place of worship but also hosts regular concerts and cultural
events, adding to its vibrant atmosphere and cultural significance.
St. Mary's Basilica stands as a testament to the city's rich heritage, architectural
splendor, and religious devotion. Its beauty and historical significance make it a must-visit
attraction for anyone exploring Kraków.

11.2. Bazylika Franciszkanów św. Franciszka z Asyżu (Church of St. Francis of Assisi):
The Church of St. Francis of Assisi, also known as Bazylika Franciszkanów św. Franciszka z
Asyżu in Polish, is a significant religious site located in Kraków, Poland.
The church is part of a larger complex that includes a monastery and a Franciscan
friary. It was built in the 13th century and showcases a mix of architectural styles, with
elements of both Gothic and Baroque design.
The exterior of the church features a beautiful facade adorned with intricate stone
carvings and decorative details. The interior is equally impressive, with high vaulted ceilings,
ornate altars, and stunning religious artworks. The church is known for its serene and
spiritual atmosphere, offering a place of prayer and contemplation for both locals and visitors.
One of the notable features of the Church of St. Francis of Assisi is its connection to
Pope John Paul II, who served as a young priest and theologian in the nearby Franciscan
friary during his time in Kraków. The church holds special significance for those who admire
and follow the teachings of this beloved Pope.
The Church of St. Francis of Assisi continues to be an active place of worship,
hosting regular religious services, including Masses and other religious ceremonies. It also
welcomes tourists and pilgrims who come to admire its architectural beauty and experience
its spiritual ambiance.
With its rich history, stunning architecture, and religious significance, the Church of
St. Francis of Assisi is a cherished cultural and religious landmark in Kraków, attracting
visitors from around the world.

11.3. Church of St. Peter and St. Paul: The Church of St. Peter and St. Paul, located in
Kraków, Poland, is a historic and significant religious landmark in the city.
The church was originally constructed in the late 16th century and underwent several
renovations and expansions over the years. It showcases a combination of architectural
styles, with elements of Baroque, Renaissance, and Gothic design.
The exterior of the Church of St. Peter and St. Paul is adorned with intricate
stonework and sculptures, creating a visually striking facade. The twin towers of the church
are particularly notable and can be seen from various parts of the city.
Inside the church, visitors can admire the beautiful interior, which features stunning frescoes,
ornate altars, and elaborate decorations. The high vaulted ceilings and large stained glass
windows add to the grandeur of the space.
The church is known for its rich historical and cultural significance. It has served as a
place of worship for centuries and has witnessed many important events in Kraków's history.
It has been a witness to royal coronations, weddings, and funerals, as well as being a center
of religious and cultural life in the city.
Today, the Church of St. Peter and St. Paul continues to be an active place of
worship, hosting regular religious services, including Masses and other religious ceremonies.
It also attracts tourists and visitors who come to admire its architectural beauty, learn about
its history, and experience its serene and sacred atmosphere.
With its architectural splendor, historical significance, and religious importance, the
Church of St. Peter and St. Paul stands as a prominent symbol of faith and culture in
Kraków.

12. Squares in Poland

Many cities in Poland have historical squares. These squares are often surrounded
by historical buildings, churches, cafes, restaurants and other tourist attractions. The squares
are also centers of social and cultural events and are important tourist attractions for
travelers who want to explore Poland's rich culture and history. Dluga Square on Nowy Swiat
Street in Warsaw and Rynek Glowny, the main square in Krakow, are among the most
famous squares in Poland. Dluga Square is famous for its historic buildings, cafes and
restaurants and hosts the Warsaw Summer Festival. Rynek Glowny is famous for its historic
buildings and churches from the Middle Ages and is one of the largest medieval squares in
Europe.
12.1. Dluga Square: Located in Warsaw, the capital of Poland, Dluga Square is famous for
its historical significance and tourist attractions. The square is located at the end of Nowy
Swiat Street. It was founded in the 14th century and was used as the main commercial
center of the city for many years. Dluga Square is famous for its historical buildings, cafes,
restaurants and other tourist attractions. One of the most important historical buildings in the
square is the Royal Chapel, built in the 17th century. Another important historical building of
the square is Zamek Krolewski (Royal Castle), built in the 18th century and used as a
museum today.
Dluga Square also hosts the Warsaw Summer Festival, held at the end of June every
year. The festival offers many events for locals and tourists to attend, and is filled with
concerts, performances and other activities held at the city's historic sites. Dluga Square is
one of the most famous and popular tourist attractions in Warsaw. The square is a must-see
for tourists who want to explore Poland's rich culture and history.

12.2. Rynek Square: In Krakow, one of the most beautiful cities in Poland, is Rynek Square,
famous for its historic medieval buildings, churches, cafes and restaurants. This square is
one of the largest medieval squares in Europe and has an area of approximately 40,000
square meters.
Rynek Square was founded in the 13th century and has undergone many innovations
over time. In the middle of the square is a historical building called Sukiennice, built in the
14th century. This building was used as a market place where trade was carried out in its
time and today it is a museum that tourists can visit.
Other important structures of Rynek Square include St. Mary's Church and historical
houses in the square. There are many restaurants, cafes, bars and souvenir shops around
the square.
Rynek Square also hosts many social and cultural activities. Many festivals, concerts,
exhibitions and other events are held in the square throughout the year. Therefore, tourists
visiting Krakow are definitely recommended to see Rynek Square as well.
As a result, Rynek Square is one of the most famous and popular squares in Poland
with its historical buildings, sights, social and cultural activities.

13. Nature of Poland:

13.1. Lake Morskie Oko: Lake Morskie Oko, meaning "Eye of the Sea" in Polish, is a
breathtaking natural wonder nestled in the Tatra Mountains of southern Poland. It is widely
regarded as one of the most stunning alpine lakes in the country, attracting visitors with its
crystal-clear, emerald-colored waters and picturesque surroundings.
Located within the Tatra National Park, Lake Morskie Oko is a popular destination for
nature lovers, hikers, and outdoor enthusiasts. The lake sits at an elevation of 1,395 meters
(4,577 feet) above sea level, making it the largest and deepest lake in the Polish Tatra
Mountains. Its tranquil beauty and serene atmosphere provide a perfect escape from the
bustling city life.

To reach Lake Morskie Oko, visitors can embark on a scenic hike that takes them
through lush forests, meadows adorned with wildflowers, and rocky mountain paths. The
journey typically starts from the town of Zakopane, which serves as a gateway to the Tatra
Mountains. Alternatively, for those who prefer a more leisurely approach, horse-drawn
carriages are available to transport visitors to the lake.
Upon arrival at the lake, visitors are greeted with a mesmerizing sight. The calm,
mirror-like surface of the water reflects the surrounding peaks, creating a breathtaking
panorama. Wooden footbridges allow visitors to stroll along the lake's shores, providing
various vantage points to admire the stunning scenery and capture memorable photographs.
While swimming is not allowed in Lake Morskie Oko to preserve its pristine condition,
the area offers plenty of other activities for nature enthusiasts. Hiking trails meander through
the surrounding mountains, offering panoramic views and opportunities to encounter local
wildlife and flora. Exploring the nearby peaks, such as Rysy, the highest peak in Poland, is a
popular endeavor for experienced hikers.

13.2. Sopot Beach: Sopot Beach is a popular seaside destination located on the Baltic Sea
coast in northern Poland. It is part of the larger Tri-City area, which includes the cities of
Gdansk and Gdynia. Sopot Beach is known for its beautiful sandy shoreline, vibrant
atmosphere, and a wide range of recreational activities.
Stretching for approximately 4.5 kilometers (2.8 miles), Sopot Beach offers ample
space for sunbathing, swimming, and beachside relaxation. The beach is well-maintained,
with clean sands and clear waters, making it an ideal spot for families, couples, and solo
travelers alike.
One of the highlights of Sopot Beach is the iconic wooden pier, known as the Sopot
Pier or Molo. Extending into the sea for about 511 meters (1,676 feet), it is the longest
wooden pier in Europe and serves as a popular gathering place. Visitors can take leisurely
walks along the pier, enjoying panoramic views of the coastline and the Baltic Sea. The pier
is also lined with restaurants, cafes, and shops, offering a vibrant and lively atmosphere.
Sopot Beach is not only a place for relaxation but also a hub for various recreational
activities. Water sports enthusiasts can engage in activities such as windsurfing, jet skiing,
and sailing. Beach volleyball courts are available for those who prefer active beach games,
while beachfront bars and clubs provide entertainment and nightlife options.
The beach is conveniently located close to the city center of Sopot, allowing visitors to
easily explore the town's attractions, including its vibrant promenade, charming architecture,
and bustling entertainment scene. The town itself offers a range of accommodation options,
from luxury hotels to cozy guesthouses, catering to different preferences and budgets.

13.3. Lake Malta: Lake Malta, located in Poznań, Poland, is an artificial lake known for its
picturesque setting and recreational opportunities. Created by damming the Cybina River, it
stretches over an area of approximately 60 hectares.
The lake's name, "Malta," is derived from its close proximity to the nearby Maltański
Park, a popular green space in the city. The park and the lake form a harmonious
recreational complex, attracting both locals and tourists.
Lake Malta is a hub for various water sports activities. The calm waters of the lake
provide ideal conditions for rowing, canoeing, and kayaking. It has a designated rowing
course and has hosted numerous national and international rowing competitions. The lake is
also home to the Malta Ski cableway, where water skiers and wakeboarders can enjoy
thrilling rides.
Surrounding the lake are well-maintained walking and cycling paths, allowing visitors
to explore the scenic shoreline and enjoy leisurely strolls or bike rides. There are also picnic
areas, playgrounds, and sports fields, making it a popular spot for family outings and outdoor
recreation.
The annual Malta International Dragon Boat Festival, held on Lake Malta, attracts
participants and spectators from around the world. This vibrant event showcases the exciting
sport of dragon boat racing, adding to the dynamic atmosphere of the lake.

13.4. Saxon Gardens: Saxon Gardens is a historic park located in Warsaw, Poland. It is one
of the oldest public parks in the city and holds great cultural and historical significance. The
park covers an area of about 15.5 hectares and offers a peaceful retreat in the heart of the
bustling city.
Originally designed in the 17th century, Saxon Gardens features beautiful
landscaping, tree-lined paths, and well-manicured lawns. The park is known for its diverse
collection of flora, including colorful flowers and various tree species, providing a pleasant
and relaxing environment for visitors.
Saxon Gardens is home to several notable landmarks and attractions. The
centerpiece of the park is the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, which commemorates Polish
soldiers who fought and died for their country. This monument serves as a symbol of national
pride and remembrance.
Within the park, there is also a charming pond with a small island, where visitors can
enjoy peaceful moments surrounded by nature. The park's central location makes it easily
accessible and a popular spot for locals and tourists alike.

13.5. Jaworzyna-Krynicka: Jaworzyna-Krynicka is a mountain located in the Beskid Sądecki

range in southern Poland. It is a popular tourist destination known for its picturesque
landscapes and outdoor recreational activities.
Standing at an elevation of approximately 1,220 meters, Jaworzyna-Krynicka offers
stunning panoramic views of the surrounding mountains, forests, and valleys. It is a paradise
for nature lovers and outdoor enthusiasts, attracting hikers, mountain bikers, and skiers
throughout the year.
During the winter months, Jaworzyna-Krynicka transforms into a ski resort with well-
groomed slopes and modern ski facilities. Skiing and snowboarding enthusiasts can enjoy a
variety of runs catering to different skill levels, making it suitable for both beginners and
advanced riders.
In the summer, the mountain is a haven for hikers and nature walkers. There are
numerous trails that lead to the summit, allowing visitors to explore the diverse flora and
fauna of the region. Additionally, the chairlift operating on the mountain provides a
convenient way to reach the top and enjoy the breathtaking views without the physical
exertion of hiking.
Jaworzyna-Krynicka is also famous for its healing mineral springs, which are believed
to have therapeutic properties. The area is home to several health resorts and spas where
visitors can indulge in relaxation and wellness treatments.

Aside from its natural beauty, Jaworzyna-Krynicka offers various amenities for
visitors, including restaurants, accommodations, and recreational facilities. It is easily
accessible from the nearby town of Krynica-Zdrój, a renowned spa and tourist destination in
Poland.
In summary, Jaworzyna-Krynicka is a scenic mountain in southern Poland, offering
year-round outdoor activities, stunning views, and opportunities for relaxation. Whether it's
skiing in winter or hiking in summer, visitors can immerse themselves in the beauty of nature
while enjoying the amenities provided by the surrounding area.

14. Festivals in Poland:

14.1. Dragon Festivals: Held annually in the town of Bużyska near Krakow, the Polish
Dragon Festival is a fun event that welcomes thousands of visitors from all over the world.
The festival is held in memory of the legendary dragon Smok, who lived in Wawel Castle in
Krakow.
During the festival, many street performers, bands, clowns and other performances
take place in the city. One of the most remarkable parts of the festival are the competitions
where the giant dragon models designed and made by the locals and visitors are exhibited.
The festival also offers workshops, competitions and other events for children.
The Polish Dragon Festival is a colorful event with the participation of locals and
tourists and offers an interesting insight into the traditional culture of Poland.

14.2. Woodstock: Poland Woodstock is one of the largest open-air rock festivals in the world,
held annually in the Polish town of Kostrzyn nad Odrą. The festival was first organized under
the name "Przystanek Woodstock" in 1995 and has been held annually since then.
The festival is usually over 3 days and hosts around 750,000 visitors. Many local and
foreign rock music groups perform on the stages of the festival. In addition, the festival
includes many different cultural events, workshops, art and theater performances.
Poland's Woodstock is known for its famous motto "Love, Peace and Friendship",
which works to create a safe space for outdoor music events. The festival is usually held free
of charge, and the organizers of the festival aim to unite music lovers in an event that is open
to everyone.
Poland Woodstock has gained immense popularity among Poland's younger
generations and is visited by many rock music fans around the world.

15. Education:
15.1. University of Warsaw: The University of Warsaw is a prestigious institution of higher
education located in Warsaw, the capital city of Poland. It is one of the leading universities in
the country and holds a prominent position in international rankings.
Established in 1816, the University of Warsaw has a rich history and tradition of
academic excellence. It offers a wide range of undergraduate and graduate programs across
various disciplines, including humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, exact sciences,
and engineering.
The university is known for its rigorous academic standards, distinguished faculty
members, and state-of-the-art research facilities. It provides students with a stimulating
learning environment that encourages critical thinking, creativity, and intellectual growth.
With a diverse student body, the University of Warsaw attracts talented individuals
from both Poland and around the world. It offers numerous opportunities for international
collaboration, including exchange programs, joint research projects, and partnerships with
other leading universities worldwide.
 The University of Warsaw is committed to promoting cutting-edge research and
innovation. Its researchers are engaged in a wide range of fields, contributing to
advancements in various scientific, technological, and societal domains.
In addition to its academic pursuits, the university plays an active role in cultural and
intellectual life. It hosts numerous conferences, lectures, and cultural events that enrich the
academic experience and foster a vibrant intellectual community.
Overall, the University of Warsaw stands as a prestigious institution dedicated to
academic excellence, research, and intellectual development. It continues to shape the
future of Poland's education system and make significant contributions to the global
academic community.

15.2. Gdansk Technical University: Gdansk University of Technology, located in Gdansk,

Poland, is a renowned technical university that offers a wide range of engineering and
technological programs. It has a strong reputation for providing high-quality education and
conducting cutting-edge research in various scientific and engineering fields.
Founded in 1904, the university has a long history of excellence in engineering
education. It offers undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral programs in disciplines such as
civil engineering, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, computer science,
architecture, and many others.
The university's curriculum is designed to provide students with a solid foundation in
theoretical knowledge and practical skills. The programs incorporate hands-on laboratory
work, industry internships, and research projects to ensure students gain valuable real-world
experience.
Gdansk University of Technology is known for its state-of-the-art research facilities
and collaborations with industry partners. The university actively engages in research
activities in areas such as renewable energy, materials science, computer technology,
robotics, and environmental engineering.
The faculty members at Gdansk University of Technology are highly qualified and
experienced in their respective fields. They are dedicated to providing a supportive learning
environment and mentoring students to excel in their chosen disciplines.
The university's campus is equipped with modern facilities, including well-equipped
laboratories, libraries, computer centers, and student accommodation. The campus
environment is vibrant and fosters a sense of community among students.
Gdansk, the city where the university is located, offers a rich cultural and historical
backdrop for students to explore. It is a vibrant coastal city known for its maritime heritage
and picturesque old town. The city's proximity to the Baltic Sea provides additional
recreational opportunities for students.
Overall, Gdansk University of Technology stands as a leading technical institution in
Poland, providing a solid education and research platform for aspiring engineers and
technologists. It continues to contribute to advancements in science, technology, and
innovation while preparing students for successful careers in their chosen fields.

15.3. University of Wrocław: University of Wrocław is a prestigious academic institution

located in Wrocław, Poland. Established in 1702, it is one of the oldest universities in Central
Europe and holds a prominent position in the country's higher education system.
The University of Wrocław offers a wide range of undergraduate, graduate, and
doctoral programs across various disciplines, including humanities, natural sciences, social
sciences, and technology. The university is organized into multiple faculties, each
specializing in specific fields of study, such as law, arts, mathematics, biology, and
economics.
With its long-standing tradition of academic excellence, the university is renowned for
its high-quality education and research activities. It has a distinguished faculty comprising
experienced professors, researchers, and scholars who are dedicated to imparting
knowledge and fostering intellectual growth among students.

The university's curriculum emphasizes a combination of theoretical learning and

practical application. Students have access to state-of-the-art laboratories, libraries, and
research facilities, enabling them to engage in cutting-edge research projects and gain
hands-on experience in their respective fields.
The University of Wrocław is actively involved in international collaboration and
exchange programs, fostering a multicultural and diverse learning environment. It attracts
students and researchers from around the world, creating opportunities for intercultural
dialogue and global perspectives.
The campus of the University of Wrocław is located in the heart of Wrocław, a vibrant
and culturally rich city known for its historical architecture, lively atmosphere, and thriving
student community. The city offers numerous cultural and recreational activities, including
museums, theaters, art galleries, and sports facilities, enhancing the overall student
experience.
In addition to its academic pursuits, the university promotes extracurricular activities,
student organizations, and clubs that cater to various interests and provide opportunities for
personal development and social engagement.
Overall, the University of Wrocław is a prestigious institution committed to providing a
stimulating learning environment, fostering academic excellence, and preparing students for
successful careers and future endeavors in their chosen fields.

16. Extraordinary Things: You can get different experiences in Poland. Extraordinary venues
and experiences fascinate visitors. You can find many unusual experiences in Poland. These
experiences help visitors better understand the country's history, culture, and people.

16.1. Cosmic Games Pub: Cosmic Games Pub is a video games bar located in Warsaw, the
capital city of Poland. Here, over 70 console and computer games and game lovers can have
fun with these and other players here. Cosmic Games Pub stands out with its decoration and
concept inspired by the world of video games. In addition, the events, tournaments and
competitions organized here attract the attention of game lovers. The Cosmic Games Pub is
a particularly popular spot among the favourites, and is one of the attractions to visit in
Warsaw.

16.2. Wawel dragon: The Wawel Dragon is a popular legend set in the historic Polish city of
Krakow. Said to have lived in the cave beneath Wawel Castle, this dragon is a figure both
feared and respected by the people of Krakow. Legend has it that a frog living in the lake in
front of the dragon's cave brings a sheep to be presented to the dragon every day. But one
day, Krakus, a hero who ate fire into the sheep brought by the frog, manages to defeat the
dragon. Krakus kills him with a naked sword passing through the dragon's cave and saves
Krakow. The statue of the Wawel Dragon is located at the entrance to the Dragon Cave next
to Wawel Castle. Here, it attracts the attention of tourists with a mechanism that produces
flames from the dragon's mouth. Also, every June, during the Wianki Festival in Krakow, a
show is held to make fire come out of the dragon's mouth. This mythical creature is an
important part of Poland's rich cultural heritage and is one of the popular tourist places to visit
in Krakow.

16.3. Cosmic Minigolf Pub: Cosmic Minigolf Pub is an interesting place in Krakow, Poland.
This is a place where you can sip your drinks in a pub setting, while offering a miniature golf
course where you can play a game of golf. It has an 18-hole mini golf course and each hole
with different difficulty levels offers a fun game experience. You can also have a pleasant
time while sipping your drinks here.
Located in Krakow's old town centre, Cosmic Minigolf Pub is an interesting and fun
venue inspired by the merging of entertainment. If you are looking for a different experience
among places to visit in Krakow, this may be a place you want to visit.

16.4. Krzywy Domek: Krzywy Domek is an interesting building located in the Polish city of
Sopot, meaning "curved house". Built in 2004, Krzywy Domek is a tourist attraction that
attracts many tourists because of its architecture.
Krzywy Domek's design was inspired by the dreamlike fantasy paintings drawn by
Polish artists. The architects of the building distorted the structure of a normal building and
created it with curved lines and wavy forms. Therefore, the roofs, windows and walls of
Krzywy Domek resemble the house of a cartoon character.
Krzywy Domek also contains commercial areas such as many shops, cafes and
restaurants. Visitors can shop, dine and take pictures here. In addition, Sopot beaches and
sea views around Krzywy Domek allow visitors to experience a pleasant holiday atmosphere
while exploring this place.
Krzywy Domek, one of the famous tourist attractions in Poland, is a place that attracts
many tourists with its interesting architecture and tourist attractions.

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https://www.britannica.com/place/Poland
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