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GROUP17
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ATUTORNU BERNICE(RGN)
Introduction to microbiology.
I. Escherichia coli (E. coli): Found in the intestines of humans and animals.
VIRUSES
FUNGI
PARASITE
ARCHAE
I. Methanogens: Archaea that produce methane and can be found in the digestive tracts of animals.
II. - Thermococcus litoralis: A type of archaea that lives in hot, deep-sea hydrothermal vents.
ALGAE
Health promotion: While some microorganisms can cause diseases, many are beneficial to human health. The
microbiota in our gut, composed of numerous microorganisms, helps maintain a balanced immune system,
aids digestion, and synthesizes vitamins. Additionally, some microorganisms are crucial in the production of
antibiotics and vaccines.
Industrial applications: Microorganisms have a wide range of industrial applications. They are used to produce
enzymes, biofuels, bioplastics, and various chemicals. Additionally, certain bacteria are employed in wastewater
treatment plants to break down organic matter and purify water.
Agriculture and crop productivity: Microorganisms play a significant role in agriculture. They contribute to the
decomposition of organic matter, enhance soil fertility, and assist in nutrient cycling. Some microorganisms
form beneficial relationships with plant roots, promoting growth and protecting against pathogens. This can
lead to increased crop yields and reduced reliance on chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
. Research and biotechnology: Microorganisms offer valuable research tools for studying fundamental biological
processes. They are used as model systems in genetics, biochemistry, and molecular biology. Moreover,
microorganisms serve as hosts for the production of recombinant proteins and other biotechnological
applications
.Food production: Microorganisms are involved in various food production processes. They are responsible for
fermentation, which is used to produce foods like bread, cheese, yogurt, sauerkraut, and soy sauce. Microbes are
also used in the production of probiotics and dietary supplements that promote gut health.
HARMFUL EFFECTS OF MICROORGANISMS TO HUMAN AND THE
ENVIRONMENT
Contamination of water sources: Some microorganisms, such as certain strains of bacteria and protozoa,
can contaminate water sources and cause waterborne diseases like cholera, dysentery, and giardiasis. This
poses a significant risk to human health, particularly in areas with inadequate sanitation and water
treatment facilities
Environmental disruptions: Certain microorganisms can disrupt ecosystems and have negative impacts on
biodiversity. For instance, harmful algal blooms (HABs) can occur due to excessive growth of certain algae,
leading to oxygen depletion in water bodies and fish kills.
Agricultural crop losses: Plant diseases caused by harmful microorganisms can lead to significant crop
losses and reduced agricultural productivity. Various fungi, bacteria, viruses, and nematodes can infect plants,
causing rot, wilting, leaf spots, and stunted growth.
Disease-causing pathogens: Certain microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi, can cause
diseases in humans, animals, and plants. For instance, bacteria like Salmonella and Escherichia coli (E. coli)
can cause foodborne illnesses, while viruses like influenza and COVID-19 can spread and cause severe
respiratory infections
Food spoilage: Microorganisms can spoil food by degrading its quality, flavor, and nutritional value. Bacteria,
molds, and yeasts are particularly responsible for food spoilage. This can lead to economic losses and pose
health risks if spoiled food is consumed.
Biowarfare and bioterrorism: Certain microorganisms can be used as weapons, causing widespread illness
and death. Examples include anthrax, smallpox, and ricin.
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