UNIT 01: PEOPLE

UNIT 01: PEOPLE

LESSON 01: OH MY!
Write it down!

What do you What do you want to What have you

know about know about learned about
belongings? belongings? it?

Já viu essas palavras? Elas são chamadas de adjetivos possessivos.

MY
YOUR
HIS
HER
ITS
OUR
YOUR
THEIR

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES

Nós os usamos para mostrar que algo pertence a alguém. Dê uma

olhada nos exemplos na próxima página e preste atenção no uso
destes adjetivos nas sentenças.
 This is her laptop.

Aqui, estamos identificando quem é dono de determinado objetivo,

por isso os chamamos de “possessive”. Eles são considerados
adjetivos por darem característica ao objeto.

Examples:

● My eyes are brown.

● His favorite color is blue.
● Your hair is beautiful.

WHEN DO WE USE THEM?

1. BELONGINGS

This is my stuff*.

*Stuff é empregado para

designar “coisas” no geral.
2. RELATIONS AND FRIENDS

They’re my friends.
He’s his brother.

3. PARTS OF THE BODY

His nose is bleeding.

Their nose are bleeding.

Her nose is bleeding.

Examples:

● He broke his arm.

● She talks to her mom every day.
● How old is your little brother?
● I need to clean my house.
● Poor thing! The bird hurt its wing.
● Their house is very expensive.
● We have to do our English homework.
.
Real examples:

● “It's how I train my mind to be unconventional and to be

creative.” - This scientist makes ears out of apples | Andrew
Pelling.
● “She's really protective of her phone." - How To Tell If She Has
Cheated | The Best Way To Know Your Girlfriend Is Cheating.
● “A year later, he drove his car off the cliff.” - President Obama
Speaks at the Concussion Summit.
● “Most animals on earth just use the heat outside their body.” -
Why Are We Warm-Blooded?

Recommendations:

★ Series - Everybody Hates Chris, available on HBO Max and

Amazon Prime Video.
★ Movie - The Garage Sale
★ Song - Perfect, by Ed Sheeran
LESSON 02: JACK-OF-ALL-TRADES!
Qual a diferença entre “I” and “Me”? Ambos têm determinadas
funções em uma sentença. Em português, “I” seria “eu” e “me” se
equivale a “mim”.

● I - subject pronoun (pronome do sujeito)

● Me - object pronoun (pronome objeto)

SUBJECT PRONOUNS

I
Eles têm esse nome por serem os SUBJECTS
YOU (sujeitos) na sentença. São os responsáveis pelas
HE ações que acontecem. Esta é a estrutura:

SHE
IT
Subject + verb + complement
WE
YOU
THEY

Examples:

● I work as an English teacher.

● She lives in Chicago and he lives in Seattle.
● They have a big house.
● We usually travel together.
● It (bird) chirps every morning! I love it.
● You always make me laugh!
IDIOMS AND EXPRESSIONS

Culture vulture - uma pessoa que ama arte e cultura.

● They are culture vultures. They love going to museums.

Early bird - uma pessoa que gosta de acordar cedo e é mais

produtiva durante esse período.

● My mom is an early bird. She wakes up at 5:30 every day.

Jack-of-all-trades - alguém que consegue fazer várias tarefas

diversificadas.

● He can cut your hair and fix your house. He’s a jack-of-all-trades.

Cheapskate - alguém que não gosta de gastar dinheiro.

● I always have to pay for everything. You’re such a cheapskate!

Born optimist - pessoa que sempre tem pensamentos positivos.

● You always look at the bright side. You’re a born optimist.

Real examples:

● “She doesn't need to know you're a cheapskate.” - A. Richard

Newton Distinguished Innovator Lecture Series - Amit Kumar
● “Is Drake a culture vulture, Meka? - Is Drake A Culture Vulture? |
For The Record

Recommendations:

★ Song - You’re My Best Friend, by Queen

★ Song - Video Games, by Lana Del Rey
LESSON 02: YOU & ME. ME & YOU.
Vamos relembrar dois pontos de nossa última lição:

● I - subject pronoun
● Me - object pronoun

Agora, falaremos sobre os pronomes do objeto.

OBJECT PRONOUNS

ME (I)
Conforme o nome, são os objetos da sentença que
YOU (YOU)
dão complemento.
HIM (HE)
HER (SHE)
IT (IT)
Subject + verb + complement
US (WE)
YOU (YOU)
THEM (THEY)
object pronouns!

Examples:

● He loves me and I love him! People are jealous of us.

● Ms. Rodriguez taught us subject and object pronouns. I really
like her!
● Can I give you a hug? I know you need it.
● Mom and Dad said you and me* are grounded. I’ll talk to them.
COMMON MISTAKES

You and me - object (sofrem a ação)

● My dad is taking you and me to the party.

You and I - subject (fazem a ação)

● You and I go to school together.

Reminder!
My sister and I / me ✅
Em inglês, é bem comum e educado
colocar a outra pessoa antes de você
I / Me and my sister ❌
em uma sentença.

Real examples:

● “Her mission was to provide decent healthcare for everyone.” -

Pirates, nurses and other rebel designers | Alice Rawsthorn.
● “Lawyers don't like us." - Under Secretary Sherman Briefs on Iran
Nuclear Deal.
● “I told him to tell me not what he sees.” - 5 blind veterans kayak
the Grand Canyon, documented in Street View.
● “And we can help them but we can't do it for them.” - Obama on
the state of the world: the extended Vox conversation.

Recommendations:

★ Song - And I Love Her, by The Beatles

★ Song - Fireflies, by Owl City
★ Song - Me & You, by HONNE
LESSON 03: I’VE GOT YOU ON MY MIND!
Observe os dois exemplos abaixo:

● I have four siblings

● I’ve got four siblings

Qual a diferença entre os dois? Nenhuma! Ambos são usados para

dizer que alguém possui algo. Também são utilizados para falar sobre
personalidade e aparência.

U.K.: have got U.S.: have / got

Reminder!

HAVE / HAVE GOT

➔ Usamos esta forma com os seguintes pronomes:

I
YOU
WE
YOU
THEY
HAS / HAS GOT
➔ We use this form with the following subjects:

HE
SHE
IT
Examples:

● I have got a blue car / I have a blue car / I’ve got a blue car.
● My sister has got long hair / My sister has long hair / My sister’s
got long hair.
● We (have) got an extra ticket. Do you want it? / We have an extra
ticket here. / We’ve got an extra ticket.
● You (have) got a wonderful house / You have a wonderful house
/ You’ve got a wonderful house.

She has got short hair. He has got freckles and blue eyes.
She has short hair. He has freckles and blue eyes.
She’s got short hair. He’s got freckles and blue eyes.
HAVEN’T GOTTEN / HAVEN’T GOT / DON’T HAVE - NEGATIVE

➔ We use this form with the following subjects:

I
YOU ● I have got a dog, but I haven’t gotten a cat.

WE ● I have got a dog, but I haven’t got a cat.

● I have a dog, but I don’t have a cat.
YOU
THEY

HASN’T GOTTEN / HASN’T GOT / DOESN’T HAVE - NEGATIVE

➔ We use this form with the following subjects:

HE ● She hasn’t gotten any money left.

● She hasn’t got any money left.
SHE
● She doesn’t have any money left.
IT

Real examples:

● “I've got a confession.” - This scientist makes ears out of apples |

Andrew Pelling.
● “He's got a high powered manager." - Holly Herndon and Jace
Clayton in conversation | Loop.

Recommendations:

★ Song - You've Got A Way, by Shania Twain

LESSON 03: GOODY-GOODY!
There are many ways to describe people. We can talk about their:

1. Height
2. Build (Body)
3. Face
4. Hair
5. Age
6. Appearance in general
7. Personality

1. HEIGHT

Tall Medium height Short

● He is tall.
● She is medium height.
● My daughter is a short kid.

IMPORTANT TIP:

Em inglês, as medidas de altura costumam ser indicadas com inch

(polegada) e foot (pé). Por exemplo:

● I am 5 feet 10 inches tall - 1 metro e 77 centímetros de altura.

2. BUILD (BODY)

Fat
Thin Fit

Chubby Petite

● My sister is petite.
● I was chubby when I was a baby.
● I run to keep fit.

IMPORTANT TIP:

É comum medir em pound (libra) e ounce (onça), que equivalem ao a

quilo e grama, respectivamente

● I weight 165 pounds - 75 quilos.

● I would like 10,5 ounces of ham, please - 300 gramas.
3. FACE

Long Round

Square Oval

● I have got an oval face.

● My parents have got a round face.

4. HAIR

● Length - short, long, medium length, bald

● Color
● Style - ponytail, bun, straight, curly, wavy...

- Your hair is so long!

 - I want to dye my hair pink.

- She always puts her hair up in

a ponytail.

5. AGE

Old Middle-aged Young

● My dad is a tall, middle-aged guy.

● I’m very young.
● Grandpa is very old.

Há também uma maneira de classificar os que se tornaram adultos

recentemente, entre 18 e 25 anos. Chamamos essas pessoas de
young adults.
7. APPEARANCE IN GENERAL
We can use words such as gorgeous, attractive, handsome, cute and
pretty* to describe people’s appearance.

- You are so pretty!

- You look gorgeous.

*Todas as palavras significam

“bonito/bonita”, mas com
8. PERSONALITY diferentes intensidades.

Expressions such as people person, party animal, down-to-earth,

big mouth and laid-back can describe people’s personality.

❖ People person - pessoa que gosta de estar e conversa com

outras pessoas.
❖ Party animal - alguém que gosta de socializar e estar em festas
❖ Down-to-earth - alguém que tem os pés no chão
❖ Big mouth - uma pessoa que diz coisas que eram para ser
segredos
❖ Laid-back - uma pessoa tranquila e fácil de se lidar.

● My boss is a very laid-back person.

● You’ve got a really big mouth! It was a surprise.
Real examples:

● “I have a big mouth.” - Elizabeth Gilbert on “City of Girls” & Her

Biggest Creative Challenge Yet.
● “I DJ and I'm always collaborating, I'm a people person." -
Producers as teachers – using Ableton in music education |
Loop.
● “He's so cute and friendly.” - Theater Talk: Ethan Mordden on
Sondheim.
● “And my daughter's a big tall girl.” - Critical Race Theory and
Education

Recommendations:

★ Song - Just the Way You Are, by Bruno Mars

★ Song - Boys, by Britney Spears
★ Song - Gorgeous, by Taylor Swift
LESSON 04: WE’RE BETTER TOGETHER!
Observe a imagem abaixo. O que mais chama atenção entre os dois?

Um é mais alto que o outro, certo? Usamos os comparatives para

comparar pessoas e objetos. Porém, é necessário entender o uso dos
adjetivos nesta estrutura.

SHORT ADJECTIVES

Para comparar pessoas e objetos com adjetivos curtos de uma ou

duas sílabas, devemos adicionar “er” no final deles.

● Long - Longer ● Fast - Faster

● Short - Shorter ● Cheap - Cheaper
● Old - Older ● Young - Younger
Devemos usar a seguinte estrutura:

I
YOU
HE verb to be adjective -er than
SHE
IT
WE
YOU
THEY

Examples:

● *He’s taller than him.

● She is shorter than me.
● I’m smarter than you
● My hair is longer than yours.
● You are a lot older than you look.
● Their team runs faster than ours.

SHORT ADJECTIVES ENDING IN Y

Para adjetivos curtos e terminados em “y”, é preciso adicionar “ier” no

final deles.

● Happy - Happier ● Ugly - Uglier

● Easy - Easier ● Funny - Funnier
● Dirty - Dirtier
Devemos usar a seguinte estrutura:

I
YOU
HE verb to be adjective -ier than
SHE
IT
WE
YOU
THEY

Examples:

● I’m happier today (than I was yesterday).

● This test was easier than the last one.
● I prefer this wine. It’s drier.

CVC* SHORT ADJECTIVES

Neste caso, é preciso observar o final do adjetivo. Se a última letra for

consoante e a penúltima vogal, devemos duplicar o consoante e
adicionar o “er”.

● Big* - Bigger
● Wet - Wetter CVC = B I G
● Sad - Sadder
*CVC (CONSOANTE - VOGAL - CONSOANTE)
● Fat - Fatter
● Hot - Hotter
Devemos usar a seguinte estrutura:

I
YOU
HE verb to be adjective -_er than
SHE
IT
WE
YOU
THEY

Examples:

● Your bag is bigger than mine.

● This summer is so much hotter than the last.

IMPORTANT TIP

Apesar de terem pronúncias e ortografia

parecidas, é importante não confundir “than”
com “then”, que seria “depois”, “então” e “daí”.

SHORT ADJECTIVES ENDING IN -E

Apenas adicione o “r” no final.

● Large - Larger
● Wise - Wiser
● Strange - Stranger
Devemos usar a seguinte estrutura:

I
YOU
HE verb to be adjective -r than
SHE
IT
WE
YOU
THEY

Examples:

● This is strange! Stranger than I thought it would be.

● Brazil is larger than Argentina.

LONG ADJECTIVES

Adjetivos longos (duas sílabas ou mais) devem ser seguidos por

“more”:

● Beautiful - More beautiful

● Handsome - More handsome
● Intelligent - More intelligent
● Expensive - More expensive
● Popular - More popular
● Brilliant - More brilliant
Devemos usar a seguinte estrutura:

I
YOU
HE verb to be more adjective than
SHE
IT
Attention - exceptions!
WE
Good: Bad:
YOU
Gooder ❌ Badder ❌
THEY Better ✅ Worse ✅

Examples:

● Barcelona is more beautiful than Rome.

● My brother is more intelligent than me.
● Instagram is more popular than Tik Tok.

Real examples:

● “What doesn’t kill you makes your stronger.” - Stronger, by Kelly

Clarkson.
● “There’s someone better than me.” - A Million to One, by Kiss.

Recommendations:

★ Song - Stronger, by Britney Spears

★ Song - Never Say Never, by Justin Bieber ft. Jaden Smith.
LESSON 04: YOU’RE SIMPLY THE BEST!
Observe os animais abaixo:

Os três são animais grandes, mas um deles é maior, que é a baleia.

Então, como podemos que, entre os três, a baleia é o maior entre eles.
Aqui, usaremos os superlatives.

SHORT ADJECTIVES

Para os adjetivos curtos de uma ou duas sílabas, devemos adicionar

“est” no final deles.

● Long - Longest
● Short - Shortest
● Old - Oldest
● Young - Youngest
● Fast - Fastest
● Cheap - Cheapest

Veja a estrutura usada na próxima página.

I
YOU
HE
SHE
verb to be the adjective -est
IT
WE
YOU
THEY

Examples:

● This is the longest trip ever!

● I’m the oldest son.
● I bought this dress for the party. It was the cheapest in the store.

SHORT ADJECTIVES ENDING IN Y

Se o adjetivo for curto e terminar com “y”, devemos adicionar “iest” no

final dele.

● Happy - Happiest
● Easy - Easiest
● Dirty - Dirtiest
● Ugly - Ugliest
● Funny - Funniest
I
YOU
HE
SHE
verb to be the adjective -iest
IT
WE
YOU
THEY

Examples:

● It was the easiest math test I’ve ever done.

● You’re the funniest person in the class! You crack me up.
● Oh my God, that’s the ugliest sweater I‘ve ever seen.

SHORT ADJECTIVES WITH CVC RULE

Assim como nos comparatives, sa última letra for consoante e a

penúltima vogal, devemos duplicar o consoante e adicionar o “est”.

● Big* - Biggest
● Wet - Wettest CVC = B I G
● Sad - Saddest *CVC (CONSOANTE - VOGAL - CONSOANTE)

● Fat - Fattest
● Hot - Hottest
I
YOU
HE
SHE
verb to be the adjective -_est
IT
WE
YOU
THEY

Examples:

● Today is the hottest day of the year.

● The whale is the biggest animal in the world.

SHORT ADJECTIVES ENDING IN -E

Se o adjetivo terminar em “e”, devemos apenas adicionar “st”

● Large - Largest
● Wise - Wisest
● Strange - Strangest
I
YOU
HE
SHE
verb to be the adjective -st
IT
WE
YOU
THEY

Examples:

● Amazon is the largest state in Brazil, and Sergipe is the smallest.

● She didn’t call you? That is the strangest thing...

LONG ADJECTIVES

Devemos adicionar “most” antes de um adjetivo longo.

● Beautiful - Most beautiful

● Intelligent - Most intelligent
● Expensive - Most expensive
● Popular - Most popular

IMPORTANT TIP

É importante que devemos sempre colocar “the” quando estamos

usando os superlatives.
I
YOU
HE
SHE
verb to be the most adjective
IT
WE
Attention - exceptions!
YOU
Good: Bad:
THEY
Goodest ❌ Baddest ❌
Best ✅ Worst ✅
Examples:

● Barcelona is the most beautiful place I’ve ever been to.

● iPhones are always the most expensive in a store.
● I was the most popular kid in school.

Real examples:

● “The greatest swimmers in the world have been trying since

1950.” - Diana Nyad: Não desista nunca, jamais.
● “It's one of the most beautiful blues in the artist's palette.” -
Indigo: What can one colour tell us about a painting? | National
Gallery.
● “The federal government is the largest institution in the world.” -
How a start-up in the White House is changing business as
usual | Haley Van Dyck

Recommendations:

★ Song - The Best, by Tina Turner

★ Song - Best of you, by Foo Fighters.
1) Olhe para as imagens abaixo e indique o adjetivo possessivo
correto.

a. b. c.

______ cell phone is gray. ______ tail is big. ______ car is fancy.

2) Complete as sentenças abaixo com o adjetivo possessivo correto. .

a. My mother is driving ______ new car.

b. Hi! What’s ______ name?

c. ______ name are Joey and Sarah.

d. Carl and I are so angry at Max. He wasted ______ time.

e. Your cat is so cute. What’s ______ name?

f. ______ new cell phone is amazing. I bought it yesterday!

3) Qual o significado da palavra “stuff?”

4) Verdadeiro ou falso?

“Me” is the the subject pronoun, while “I” would be the object
pronoun.
5) Complete as sentenças abaixo com os subject pronouns

Example:

(My sister) ______ is young.

She is young.

a. (Mandy and Alan) ______ are from Canada.

b. (Billy) ______ wakes up at 8 pm on Mondays.
c. (Alex and I) ______ are friends.
d. (You and Cindy) ______ are really nice people.
e. (My bird) ______ is blue.

6) O que significa “culture vulture”?

7) Qual das opções abaixo refere-se à uma pessoa que faz diversas
tarefas bem?

a. Early bird

b. Born optimist

c. Jack-of-all-trades

d. Cheapskate

8) “My dad doesn’t like spending money. He’s such a __________ man.”

a. Cheapskate

b. Jack-of-all-trades
9) True or false?

Object pronouns give complement in a sentence.

a. True
b. False

10) Assinale as sentenças abaixo com o object pronoun correto.

Exemplo:
I am thirsty.
The water is for me.

a. Where is your mom? I have a present for ______.

b. Matt is working now. I’ll tell ______ you called.
c. I am looking for Stephanie and Alex. Have you seen ______?
d. There is a snake over there and I am scared of ______.
e. Sheila and I broke up. She really let ______ down.
f. Derick and I are hungry. Is there any food for ______?

11) True or False?

Não devemos colocar outra pessoa antes de nós em uma sentença

em inglês.

a. True
b. False

12) __________ is more used in the UK, while __________ is commom in

the USA.

a) “Have”, “have got”

b)”Have got”, “have”
13) Escreva a forma correta dos adjetivos usando os comparatives.

a. January is _______ than June. (hot)

b. Sinead is _______ at Spanish than Carl. (good)

c. Harry seems _______ than Charlie. (happy)

d. My dog is _______ than yours. (big)

e. Soccer is _______ than Basket in Brazil. (popular)

14) Escreva a forma correta dos adjetivos usando os superlatives.

a. John is the _______ person in my family. (tall)

b. My brother is the _______ cook in the world. (good)

c. Russia is the _______ country on Earth. (large)

d. The king cobra is one of the _______ animals ever. (dangerous)

e. Michael Jackson is considered the _______ artist of all time. (big)

15) Write a paragraph (50 words) about something you like so much.
Compare este objeto com exemplos. Utilize argumentos para
demonstrar o quão incrível é este artefato e o motivo de ser o melhor.
Tente usar os comparatives e superlatives.
1) 7)

a. Her cell phone is gray.

b. Its tail is big. c. Jack-of-all-trades
c. Their car is fancy.
8)
2)
a. Cheapskate
a. her
9)
b. your
a. True
c. Their
10)
d. our
a. her
e. Its b. him
c. them
f. My d. it
e. me
3) “Stuff” é designado para coisas f. us
no geral.
11)
4)
b. False
False. “I” is the the subject
pronoun, while “me” would be the 12)
object pronoun.
b. “Have got”, “have”
5)
13)
a. They
b. He a. hotter
c. We b. better
d. You c. happier
e. It d. bigger
e. more popular
6) “Culture vulture” is someone
who enjoys art and culture.
14)

a. tallest
b. best
c. largest
d. most dangerous
e. biggest

15)

Personal answer.