Ex. No.

1: Marcet Boiler

Objective (Aim):

To show and study the relation between the pressure and the temperature of the
saturated steam

Apparatus Name: (Marcet Boiler)

Introduction:

The Marcet Boiler is used to investigate the relationship between the pressure and the
temperature of saturated steam in equilibrium with water at all temperature levels
between the atmospheric pressure and 8 bars. The experimental slope (dT/dP)sat
obtained is compared to the theoretical value determined through calculation from the
steam table by the Clausius-Clapeyron equation.

Theory:
At a given pressure, the temperature at which a pure at which a pure substance
changes its phase is called saturation temperature. Analogously at pure
substance change its phase is called the saturation pressure

This experiment explores the relationship between the saturation temperature and its
corresponding pressure for water. When the water in the boiler is heated up it starts to
evaporate a evaporate a more water changes it`s phase from liquid to vapor. More water
changes it`s phase from liquid to vapor. More vapors accumulate inside the boiler vessel
and increase the vessel and increase the pressure imposed on the water surface. The
pressure build up tends imposed on the water surface. The pressure build up tends
to to increase the resistance faced by liquid up molecules as the resistance faced by
liquid up molecules as they change in to vapor. Consequently increasing the saturation
pressure of the remaining liquid .Absolute pressure of steam is the sum of the gauge
pressure pressure and the atmospheric pressure average value of saturated
temperature for each gauge pressure is the mean value of saturated measured during
heating and cooling.

1
Procedures:

1. Connect the unit to the power supply to provide a heating rate of 2kW to the electrical
heater.
2. Open the level valve open and switch on the power supply.
3. Wait for the steam output through the level valve to ensure that there is no air trapped
in the boiler.
4. Close the level valve and continue heating until the maximum gauge pressure
reaches 8 bars.
5. Warning: Don't remove filler plug or open level valve when the device is
pressurized.
6. Record all temperature readings at different pressure settings of the boiler when the
boiler is heated and cooled.

Calculation:
The Clausius-Clapeyron states:

hfg = hg - hf and
vfg = vg -vf
in which, vf = specific volume of saturated liquid
vg = specific volume of saturated vapor
hf = enthalpy of saturated liquid
hg = enthalpy of saturated vapor
hfg = latent heat of vaporization
T = Temperature in K

2
 Name:

Group: Date:

Atmospheric pressure : _____________ bar

Atmospheric temperature : _____________ (0C)

Table 1: Data Collected and Calculated Results

Pressure, P (bar) Temperature, T

Calculated Error=
Tsat Tsat Measured Slope, Tsat –Tavg.
Gauge Absolute Increase Decrease Average Tsat (0C) Tsat (K) Slope,
(bar) 0 Tvg/hfg (0C)
(bar) (0C) ( C) Tavc (0C) dT/dP

0
1
2
3
4
5

7
8

3
 Table 2: Saturated Water and Steam Tables

Pressure Temperature Specific Volume Latent Heat of

PAbs Bars T 0C of Steam, vg m3/kg Vaporization, hfg kJ/kg
1.0 99.6 1.694 2258
2.0 120.2 0.8856 2202
3.0 133.5 0.6057 2164
4.0 143.6 0.4623 2134
5.0 151.8 0.3748 2109
6.0 158.8 0.3156 2087
7.0 165.0 0.2728 2067
8.0 170.4 0.2403 2048

Graph:

● Plot P versus dT/dP and Tvg/hfg on a same graph.

● Plot P versus Tavg. and Tsat. on a same graph.

Discussion and recommendation:

● Complete Table 1 attached.

● Compare and discuss the graph plotted from experiment data to that
of the calculated data.
● Discuss the variation of the error with pressure.
● Discuss any discrepancy and sources of error of the experiment.
● Why is it necessary to ensure no air trapped within the device at the
beginning of the experiment?
● Discuss the liquid and vapor behavior observed through the
experiment and list some examples of its industrial applications.

4
 Name:

Group: Date:

Atmospheric pressure : _____________ bar

Atmospheric temperature : _____________ (0C)

Table 1: Data Collected and Calculated Results

Pressure, P (bar) Temperature, T

Calculated Error=
Tsat Tsat Measured Slope, Tsat –Tavg.
Gauge Absolute Increase Decrease Average Tsat (0C) Tsat (K) Slope,
(bar) 0 Tvg/hfg (0C)
(bar) (0C) ( C) Tavc (0C) dT/dP

0
1
2
3
4
5

7
8

Assistant teacher and lab manager

Nibras saad fakhry

2021-2022