Vargel-Pehlivan, Toplumsal Cinsiyet Kuramları

øVWDQEXO7LFDUHWÜniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi <ÕO6 6D\Õ31 Bahar 2017/1 s.
497-521
723/806$/&ø16ø<(7%$ö/$0,1'$.85$06$/
<$./$ù,0/$5%ø5/ø7(5$7h57$5$0$6,
Pelin VARGEL 3(+/ø9$1 1
ÖZET
*HoPLúWHQJQP]HWPWRSOXPODUGDNDGÕQDYHHUNH÷HJHOHQHNVHOFLQVL\HWUROOHUL\NOHQPLúWLU%LUH\EX
UROOHUL IDUNÕQGD ROPDNVÕ]ÕQ \D GD ELOLQoOL RODUDN oHúLWOL WRSOXPVDO \DSÕODUÕQ GHVWH÷L LOH HGLQPLú
LoVHOOHúWLUPLúWLU7RSOXPVDOFLQVL\HWLQúDHGLOLUNHQ EXUROOHUOHHUNHNVWQO÷PHúUXNÕOÕQPÕúNDGÕQLVH
ELUH\ RODUDN LNLQFLO NRQXPD \HUOHúWLULOPLúWLU %|\OHFH EL\RORMLN FLQVL\HWLQ GÕúÕQGD WRSOXP WDUDIÕQGDQ
UHWLOHQKHPNDPXVDOKHPGH|]HODODQGDDWDHUNLOELULGHRORMLQLQWDKDNNPDOWÕQGDYDUROPD\DoDOÕúDQ
QDVÕOROPDVÕJHUHNWL÷LQHGDLUNHQGLVLQHVUHNOLPRGHOOHUVXQXODQELUµ¶NDGÕQOÕN¶¶FLQVL\HWLRUWD\DoÕNPÕúWÕU
%X oDOÕúPDGD WRSOXPVDO FLQVL\HWH GD\DOÕ HúLWVL]OL÷L GDKD L\L DQOD\DELOPHN DGÕQD FLQVL\HW WRSOXPVDO
cinsiyet rolleri ve ilgili kuramsal yakODúÕPODUHOHDOÕQDFDNWÕU$\UÕFDFLQVL\HWNOWUQHIDUNOÕEDNÕúDoÕODUÕ
LOH\HQLDQODPODUNDWDQIHPLQLVW\DNODúÕPODUYHONHPL]GHNLIHPLQLVWoDOÕúPDODUDGD\HUYHULOHFHNWLU
Anahtar Kelimeler: Cinsiyet, Toplumsal Cinsiyet, Toplumsal Cinsiyet Rolü, Ataerkillik, Feminizm
THEORETIC APPROACHES IN THE CONTEXT OF PUBLIC GENDER: A

LITERATURE REVIEW
ABSTRACT
Throughout the history, some gender roles had been given to the males and females in all communities
and people internalized these roles voluntarily or involuntarily depending on the social structure. While
forming the gender roles, the male gender’s hegemony has been accepted and female gender has been
placed as secondary. So except for biological sex, a ‘female’ gender has appeared that created by the
society which offered some types of existence under a patriarchal ideology’s domination in both
public and private area. In brief, this study covers; sex, gender roles and related theoretic approaches to
understand gender inequality in public in addition to feminist approaches which gives new meanings to
gender based culture. Turkish feminist studies will also be examined within the limits of this article.
Key Words: Sex,Gender, Gender Role, Patriarchy Feminism
1
%XoDOÕúPDøVWDQEXO7LFDUHWhQLYHUVLWHVL6RV\DO%LOLPOHU(QVWLWV0HG\DYHøOHWLúLP6LVWHPOHUL$QDELOLP
'DOÕ<NVHN/LVDQV|÷UHQFLVL3HOLQ9DUJHO3HKOLYDQ¶ÕQKD]ÕUODPÕúROGX÷X\NVHNOLVDQVWH]LQGHQ
UHWLOPLúWLU
3HOLQ9DUJHO3(+/ø9$1
&ø16ø<(7723/806$/&ø16ø<(7.$95$0/$5I VE TOPLUMSAL
&ø16ø<(7%$ö/$0,1'$.85$06$/<$./$ù,0/$5
&LQVL\HWYH7RSOXPVDO&LQVL\HW.DYUDPODUÕ
&LQVL\HWWHULPLNDGÕQ\DGDHUNHNROPDQÕQEL\RORMLN\|QQLIDGHHGHUYHEL\RORMLN
ELU \DSÕ\D NDUúÕOÕN JHOLU 2 &LQVL\HW ELUH\LQ EL\RORMLN FLQVL\HWLQH GD\DOÕ RODUDN
EHOLUOHQHQGHPRJUDILNELUNDWHJRULGLUøQVDQODUÕQQIXVF]GDQODUÕQGD\D]DQFLQVL\HW
EX WHULPLQ DQODPÕQD X\JXQGXU 7RSOXPVDO FLQVL\HW WHULPL LVH NDGÕQ \D GD HUNHN
ROPD\DWRSOXPXQYHNOWUQ\NOHGL÷LDQODPODUÕYHEHNOHQWLOHULLIDGHHGHUNOWUHO
ELU\DSÕ\ÕNDUúÕODUYHJHQHOOLNOHELUH\LQEL\RORMLN\DSÕVÕ\ODLOLúNLOLEXOXQDQSVLNRORMLN
|]HOOLNOHULQL GH LoHULU 7RSOXPVDO FLQVL\HW ELUH\L NDGÕQVÕ \D GD HUNHNVL RODUDN
karakterize eden psikososyal özelliklerdir. Ancak, cinsiyet ve toplumsal cinsiyeti
ELUELULQGHQ D\ÕUPDN PPNQ GH÷LOGLU oQN NOWUQ NDGÕQGDQ YH HUNHNWHQ
EHNOHGLNOHUL WRSOXPVDO FLQVL\HW NDGÕQÕQ YH HUNH÷LQ IL]LNVHO EHGHQOHULQH FLQVL\HW
LOLúNLQJ|]OHPOHUGHQWDPDPHQD\UÕGH÷LOGLU%XQDJ|UH toplumsal cinsiyetin kültürel
\DSÕODQGÕUPDODUÕ ELU DQODPGD EL\RORMLN FLQVL\HWL GH LoHULU *HQHOOLNOH NDGÕQODUOD
HUNHNOHUDUDVÕQGDNLED]Õ IDUNOÕOÕNODUÕQEL\RORMLN PL \RNVDNOWUHO PLROGX÷XQX WDP
RODUDN ELOPHN PPNQ GH÷LOGLU HVDVHQ oR÷X IDUNOÕOÕN LNLVLQin birlikte etkisinin bir
sonucudur. 3
&LQVL\HW WHULPL ED÷ÕPVÕ] ELU GH÷LúNHQ RODUDN NXOODQÕOGÕ÷ÕQGD ELUH\LQ JHQHWLN YH
NURPR]RPDO ELUOHúLPLQH HUNHNOHUGH [\ NDGÕQODUGD [[ LoVHO YH GÕúVDO UHPH
RUJDQODUÕQD HUNHNOHUGH SHQLV NDGÕQODUGD YDMLQD YH ELU FLQVL\HWL GL÷HU FLQVL\HWH
RUDQOD|QHPOL|OoGHIDUNOÕODúWÕUDQLNLQFLOG]H\GHNLFLQVHONDUDNWHULVWLNOHUH |UQH÷LQ
HUNHN EHGHQLQLQ NDGÕQODUD RUDQOD GDKD NÕOOÕ YH NDVOÕ ROPDVÕ JLEL \D GD NÕVDFDVÕ
ELUH\LQ EL\RORMLN FLQVL\HWLQH J|QGHULPGH EXOXQPDNWDGÕU 4 Toplumsal cinsiyet ise
HUNHNYHNDGÕQÕQEL\RORMLNIDUNOÕODúPDVÕQDLGHRORMLWDUDIÕQGDQ\NOHQHQDQODPODUYH
GH÷HUOHUGLU 7RSOXPVDO FLQVL\HW NXUXPODUOD YH VRV\DO oHYUH LOH NDUúÕOÕNOÕ Lo LoH
JHoPLú NDUÕúÕN LOLúNLOHU EWQGU 7RSOXPVDO FLQVL\HWLQ DOJÕODQÕúÕ NOtürel bir
ROJXGXU YH EX NDYUDP NOWUHO HNRQRPLN SROLWLN YH GDYUDQÕúVDO WP IDUNOÕOÕNODUÕ
içermektedir. 5
&LQVL\HW NDYUDPÕ EL\RORMLN IDUNOÕODúPDQÕQ GÕúÕQGD HUNH÷LQ YH NDGÕQÕQ WRSOXPVDO

WDQÕPÕQÕ GD LoHUPHNWHGLU %X WRSOXPVDO WDQÕP HUNH÷LQ YH NDGÕQÕQ WRSOum içindeki
NRQXPODUÕQÕ YH GDYUDQÕúODUÕQÕ EHOLUOHPHNWHGLU %X DQODPGD FLQVL\HW NDYUDPÕ
WRSOXPVDO RODUDN ROXúWXUXOPXúWXU GROD\ÕVÕ LOH GH GH÷LúNHQGLU \DQL ELU WRSOXPGDQ
GL÷HULQH \DGD]DPDQLoLQGH GH÷LúHELOPHNWHGLU 6 Bu olgu toplumsal cinsiyet olarak
da adlaQGÕUÕODELOLU\DQLELUFLQVL\HW\HVLLoLQX\JXQJ|UOHQGDYUDQÕúODUKDNNÕQGDNL
2
=HKUD'|NPHQ7RSOXPVDO&LQVL\HWE5HP]L.LWDEHYLøVWDQEXOV
3
a.g.e., s.20
4
$\OLQ3LUDYH$VOÕ(OJQµ¶7RSOXPVDO&LQVL\HWLøQúDD(GHQ%LU.XUXP2ODUDN0HG\D5HNODPODU
$UDFÕOÕ÷Õ\OD$WDHUNLOøGHRORMLQLQ<HQLGHQhUHWLOPHVL¶¶http://cim.anadolu.edu.tr/pdf/2004/1130848482.pdf.
(ULúLP7DULKL V
5
a.g.m., s.529.
6
6HUGDU.D\SDNR÷OXToplumsal Cinsiyet ve øOHWLúLPEøVWDQEXO1DRV<D\ÕQODUÕøVWDQEXOV
498
Bahar2017/1
WRSOXPVDOEHNOHQWLOHUWRSOXPVDOFLQVL\HWHUNHN\DGDNDGÕQODUÕQELUELUOHULQGHQIDUNOÕ
ROPDODUÕQD\RODoDQIL]LNVHOQLWHOLNOHUHGH÷LOHUNHNOLNYHNDGÕQOÕNKDNNÕQGDNLWRSOXP
taUDIÕQGDQROXúWXUXOPXú|]HOOLNOHUHJ|QGHUPHGHEXOXQPDNWDGÕU 7
%DúND ELU GH\LúOH LQVDQ GLúL YH\D HUNHN FLQVL\HWL\OH GR÷DU DQFDN \HWLúWLULOLUNHQ
VRV\DOOHúPHVUHFLLOHWRSOXPXQFLQVL\HWOHULQH|]JEHNOHGL÷LUROOHUoHUoHYHVLQGHNÕ]
YH\D HUNHN oRFXN ROPD\Õ |÷UHQHUHN E\UOHU %X VUHoWH NÕ] YH HUNHN oRFXNODUÕ
oHúLWOLQHVQHOHULHWNLQOLNOHUL R\XQODUÕ PHVOHNOHULYHKDWWDNLúLOLN|]HOOLNOHULQLRQODU
LoLQ X\JXQ YH \D X\JXQ GH÷LO RODUDN D\ÕUW HWPH\L |÷UHQLUOHU %LU HUNHN LoLQ X\JXQ
ROGX÷X GúQOHQ GDYUDQÕúODU HUNHNVL PDVNOHQ NDGÕQODU LoLQ X\JXQ ROGX÷X
GúQOHQGDYUDQÕúODULVHNDGÕQVÕ IHPLQHQ RODUDNDGODQGÕUÕOÕU 8
&LQVL\HW NDYUDPÕ DUWÕN oHúLWOL IL]\RORMLN IDUNOÕOÕNODUD VDKLS EDVLW ELU GLúLOHULO
D\UÕPÕQGDQGDKDID]ODDQODPODULIDGHHWPH\HEDúODU(UNHN YHNDGÕQROPDGXUXPXQD
\NOHQHQ DQODPODU VRV\DO KD\DWWD JHoHUOL RODQ YH NDPXR\X DOJÕVÕQGD \HU HWPLú
UROOHULQLoHULVLQGHVÕNÕúÕSNDOÕU%|\OHFHEL\RORMLNFLQVL\HW\HULQLVWDWEHOLUOH\LFLELU
|]HOOL÷H VDKLS RODQ WRSOXPVDO FLQVL\HW DQOD\ÕúÕQD EÕUDNÕU $UWÕN NDGÕQ YH HUNHN
\DOQÕ]FD WRSOXPVDO SDUDGLJPDQÕQ RQODU LoLQ EHOLUOHGL÷L H\OHPOHUL X\JXODPDNOD
yükümlüdürler. 9
&LQVL\HW HJHPHQ WRSOXPVDO G]HQLQ FLQVL\HW LOLúNLOHUL\OH V|\OHPOHUL\OH

SUDWLNOHUL\OH LQúD HGLOPLúWLU YH FLQVL\HW IDUNOÕOÕ÷ÕQÕQ UHWPH\H GD\DQDQ LNLOL÷LQL
LoLQGH EDUÕQGÕUPDNWDGÕU (UNHN YH NDGÕQ DUDVÕQGDNL EL\RORMLN IDUNOÕOÕNODU WRSOXPVDO
FLQVL\HWOHNDWHJRULNIDUNOÕOÕNODUDG|QúPHNWHGLU6FRWW¶DJ|UH³IHPLQLVWOHUWRSOXPVDO
FLQVL\HW NHOLPHVLQL FLQVOHU DUDVÕQGDNL LOLúNLQLQ WRSOXPVDO RODUDN |Ugütlenmesini
NDVWHWPHN LoLQ GDKD FLGGL ELU úHNLOGH YH GDKD GR÷UX ELU DQODPGD NXOODQPD\D
EDúODGÕODU« %X NHOLPH FLQVL\HW \D GD WLQVHO IDUNOÕOÕN JLEL WHULPOHULQ NXOODQÕPÕQGD
|UWN ELU úHNLOGH PHYFXW RODQ EL\RORMLN GHWHUPLQL]PLQ UHGGHGLOPHVL DQODPÕQD
JHOPLúWLU¶¶ ³7RSOXPVDO FLQVL\HW¶¶ NDYUDPÕQÕQ EX NXOODQÕPÕ HUNHNOHULQ IL]LNVHO
RODUDN GDKD JoO ROPDODUÕ QHGHQL\OH NDGÕQODUÕQ EHGHQVHO NDSDVLWHOHULQGHQ GROD\Õ
GR÷XUJDQOÕN DQQHOLN JLEL EDVNÕ DOWÕQGD WXWXOPD QHGHQOHULQL DoÕNODGÕ÷ÕQÕ GúQHQ
EL\RORMLNDoÕNODPDODUÕNDEXOHWPH]$NVLQHWRSOXPVDOFLQVL\HWNDGÕQODUYHHUNHNOHUH
LOLúNLQ X\JXQ UROOHULQ WDPDPHQ WRSOXPVDO RODUDN UHWLOGL÷LQL LIDGH HGHQ NOWUHO
LQúDODUD LúDUHW HWPHQLQ ELU \ROXGXU 7RSOXPVDO FLQVL\HW HUNHNOHULQ YH NDGÕQODUÕQ
öznel kimliklerinin, sadece WRSOXPVDO N|NHQOHULQL EHOLUJLQ NÕOPDQÕQ ELU \ROXGXU 10
%X WDQÕPODPDGD WRSOXPVDO FLQVL\HW FLQVL\HWOL ELU EHGHQH ]RUOD NDEXO HWWLULOPLú ELU
toplumsal kategoridir. 11
7
a.g.e. ,s.13.
8
Simge Saraç, ‘’Toplumsal Cinsiyet’’, 7RSOXPVDO&LQVL\HWYH<DQVÕPDODUÕ, der. Lerzan Gültekin,
$QNDUD$WÕOÕPhQLYHUVLWHVL<D\ÕQODUÕV
9
a.g.m.
10
'HU\DùDúPDQ.D\OÕ.DGÕQ%HGHQLYHg]JUOHúPHEø]PLUøO\Dø]PLU<D\ÕQHYLV
11
a.g.e., s.28.
499
723/806$/&ø16ø<(752//(5ø
5ROWHULPLWL\DWURGDQ|GQoDOÕQPÕúVRV\RORMLNELUWHULPGLU Rol, örgütlü sosyal bir

\DSÕ LoLQGH ELUH\LQ EXOXQGX÷X SR]LV\RQX EX SR]LV\RQOD LOJLOL VRUXPOXOXNODUÕ
D\UÕFDOÕNODUÕ YH GL÷HU SR]LV\RQODUGDNL LQVDQODUOD HWNLOHúLPL \|QOHQGLUHQ NXUDOODUÕ
J|VWHULU $QQHOLN EDEDOÕN |÷UHWPHQOLN DVNHUOLN JLEL IDUNOÕ UROOHUGHn söz edilebilir.
.DGÕQODUD YH HUNHNOHUH YHULOHQ IDUNOÕ UROOHU LVH WRSOXPVDO FLQVL\HW UROOHUL RODUDN
ELOLQLU .DGÕQODUÕQ YH HUNHNOHULQ WRSOXPXQ \D]GÕ÷Õ µ¶VHQDU\R¶¶ \D ED÷OÕ NDODUDN
UROOHULQL µ¶R\QDPDODUÕ¶¶ EHNOHQLU 7RSOXPVDO FLQVL\HW UROOHUL WHULPL FLQVL\HW NDOÕS
\DUJÕODUÕQÕ \D GD WRSOXPXQ EHOLUOHGL÷L FLQVL\HW IDUNOÕOÕNODUÕQÕ \DQVÕWPDN ]HUH
NXOODQÕOÕU'DKD|]HOGHEXWHULPJHOHQHNVHORODUDNNDGÕQODYHHUNHNOHLOLúNLOLROGX÷X
kabul edilen rolleri ifade eder. 12
dRFXNODU WRSOXP WDUDIÕQGDQ NÕ] \D GD HUNHN RODUDN HWLNHWOHQPHOHULQL DUGÕQGDQ
FLQVL\HWLQ NOWUHO DQODPODUÕQÕ |÷UHQPH\H YH ND]DQPD\D EDúODUODU &LQVL\HWLQ
NOWUHODQODPODUÕWRSOXPVDOFLQVL\HWUROOHULRODUDNJ|UOU7RSOXPVDOFLQVL\HWURO
WRSOXPXQ WDQÕPODGÕ÷Õ YH ELUH\OHULQ \HULQH JHWLUPHOHULQL EHNOHGL÷L FLQVL\HWOH LOLúNLOL
bir grup beklentidir. 13
7RSOXPXQ D\UÕ D\UÕ NDGÕQ YH HUNHNWHQ J|VWHUPHOHULQL EHNOHGL÷L |]HOOLNOHUGH

WRSOXPVDO FLQVL\HW NDOÕS\DUJÕODUÕ RODUDN WDQÕPODQPDNWDGÕU 'DKD oRFXNNHQ
|÷UHQLOPH\H EDúODQÕODQ EX NDOÕS\DUJÕODU NDGÕQ YH HUNH÷H NDUúÕ JHOLúWLULOHQ
|Q\DUJÕODUÕQ ELU NÕVPÕQÕ ROXúWXUXU <DQL FLQVL\HW NDOÕS\DUJÕODUÕ WRSOXPGD NDGÕQ
HUNHNHúLWVL]OL÷LQHQHGHQRODQHQJoO|Q\DUJÕODUGDQELULGLU 14
&LQVL\HWNDOÕS\DUJÕODUÕ]DPDQLoLQGHGH÷LúPHGL÷LJLELGQ\DQÕQoHúLWOLNOWUOHULQGH
GHEHQ]HUOLNJ|VWHUPHNWHGLU.DGÕQODUGDQEHNOHQHQGDKDoRNoRFXNODUÕHúOHULYHHY
LúOHUL\OHLOJLOHQPHOHULHUNH÷HED÷OÕROPDODUÕGX\JXVDORODUDNVHVVL]VDNLQIHGDNDU
VDEÕUOÕ DQOD\ÕúOÕ GX\DUOÕ ROPDODUÕ LNHQ HUNHNOHUGHQ EHNOHQHQ LVH DLOHOHULQLQ
geçLPLQL VD÷ODPDODUÕ GÕúDUÕ\OD RODQ ED÷Õ NXUPDODUÕ HYGHNL Jo JHUHNWLUHQ WDPLUDW
JLEL LúOHUL \DSÕS Hú YH oRFXNODUÕQÕ NRUX\XS NROODPDODUÕ GX\JXVDO RODUDN GDKD
JoOFHVXUVHUWPDQWÕNODKDUHNHWHGHQROPDODUÕGÕUøúWHEXEHNOHQWLOHUHWRSOXPVDO
cinsiyet NDOÕS\DUJÕODUÕGHQLOPHNWHGLU 15
*HOHQHNVHO NDGÕQ URO Lú-PHVOHN DODQÕQGD GD GHYDP HGHU .DGÕQODU KRVWHVOLN
|÷UHWPHQOLN VHNUHWHUOLN KHPúLUHOLN WHPL]OLNoLOLN JLEL LúOHUH X\JXQ J|UOUNHQ
HUNHNOHU|]HUNOLNYHUHNDEHWLQGDKDID]ODROGX÷XLúDODQODUÕQD \|QOHQGLULOLU.DGÕQD
\NOHQHQ |]HOOLNOHUGHQ GROD\Õ NDGÕQÕQ JHQHOGH SROLWLNDFÕ OLGHU \D GD \|QHWLFL ROPD
\ROODUÕ JHQHOOLNOH NDSDOÕGÕU %X J|UHYOHU KHU ]DPDQ GR÷UX JHOPHVH GH WRSOXPXQ
12
Dökmen, a.g.e., s. 28.
13
a.g.e., s.29.
14
Saraç, a.g.m., s.28.
15
a.g.m.
500
Bahar2017/1
GD\DWWÕ÷Õ EL]LP GH NDEXO HWWL÷LPL] GXUXPODUGÕU dQN FLQVL\HW NDOÕS\DUJÕODUÕ

]DPDQODoRND]GH÷LúHQYHGQ\DGDGDE\NEHQ]HUOLNJ|VWHUHQ\DUJÕODUGÕU 16
0RGHUQ WRSOXPODU KL\HUDUúLN D\UÕPODUÕQ YH HúLWVL]OLNOHULQ YDU ROGX÷X WRSOXPODU

RODUDN|]HOOLNOHFLQVL\HWHGD\DOÕHúLWVL]OLNOHULDVOÕQGDEL\RORMLN|]HOOLNOHUGHQ FLQVL\HW
hormRQODUÕ JLEL ND\QDNODQGÕ÷ÕQÕ GúQOU $PD EX EL\RORMLN IDUNODU DVOÕQGD
WRSOXPVDOIDUNODUDVRQUDGDQYHULOHQDQODPODURODUDNWRSOXPVDOÕQLoLQGHYDUGÕU$GÕQÕ
EL\RORMLQLQNR\GX÷XFLQVL\HWIDUNODUÕDVOÕQGDWRSOXPVDOED]ÕLúOHULNDoÕQÕOPD]RODUDN
belli cinsleUH |]J NÕODU gUQH÷LQ oRFXN \HWLúWLUPHN LoLQ NDGÕQ JLEL GX\JXVDO YH
VDEÕUOÕROPDNDVNHUROPDNLoLQGHELUHUNHNJLELGD\DQÕNOÕYHJoOROPDNJHUHNLU
$VOÕQGDDQQHLOHDVNHUJLELGD\DQÕNOÕYHJoOROPDNJHUHNLU$VOÕQGDDQQHLOHDVNHU
DUDVÕQGDNL IDUN EL\RORMLN GH÷LO LGHRORMLN-WRSOXPVDOGÕU NDGÕQODUÕ YH HUNHNOHUL IDUNOÕ
WRSOXPVDO VL\DVDO NRQXPODUOD LOLúNLOHQGLUHQ FLQVL\HW IDUNODUÕ UHMLPL FLQVOHULQ
EL\RORMLVLQGHQ WUHWLOLUNHQ DVOÕQGD FLQVOHU DUDVÕQGDNL WRSOXPVDO IDUNODUGDQ
bahsetmemize yol açar. 17ToplumsDORODQEL\RORMLNRODQDWUDQVIHUHGLOLUGDKDGR÷UX
GH\LúOH WRSOXPVDO IDUNOÕOÕNODU EL\RORMLN GH÷LúPH]OLNWHQ GHWHUPLQL]P DOÕQDQ
LGHRORMLN GHVWHN LOH PHúUXODúWÕUÕOÕU %L\RORML GH÷LúWLULOHPH] ELU NDGHUVH WRSOXPVDO
RODUDNFLQVOHULQUROOHULGHGH÷LúWLULOHPH]hale gelir. 18
.DGÕQVÕOÕN \D GD NDGÕQOÕN HUNHNVLOLN YH \D HUNHNOLN WP\OH WRSOXPVDO YH NOWUHO
KDGLVHOHUGLU%LUELULQGHQGH÷LúLN]DPDQYH\HUOHUHJ|UHIDUNOÕOÕNJ|VWHUHELOPHNWHGLU
+HUKDQJL ELU FR÷UDI\DGD ELU WRSOXOXN \D GD WRSOXPXQ NDGÕQ YH HUNHNWHQ EHNOHGL÷L
UROOHUGL÷HUOHULQLQNL\OHELUELULQLWXWPD\DELOLU%XNOWUQKDEHUFLVLGLU 19
%WQ WRSOXPODU WDULKL DNÕúWD NHQGLQL NXUPDN VD÷ODPDN YH GHYDP HWWLUPHN ]HUH
\RODOPÕúWÕU%XJ]HUJDKWRSOXPXQGR÷DGDKD]ÕUKDOGHEXOGXNODUÕQÕQ]HULQHGR÷DO
olmayan WDPDPÕ NOWUHO úH\OHUL HNOHPHOHUL\OH ELoLP ND]DQÕU 7DULKVHO VUHoWH
WRSOXPVDO RODUDN UHWLOPLú VD\ÕVÕ] UQGHQ ELUL GH WRSOXPVDO FLQVL\HWWLU 7RSOXPVDO
FLQVL\HW EL\RORMLQLQ NRGODGÕ÷Õ PDGGL EHGHQOHUH PDQHYL DQODPODU \NOH\HUHN RQODUÕ
kültürel olarak taQÕPODPDN YH D\ÕUPDNWÕU .DGÕQ YH HUNH÷L NDGÕQOÕN YH HUNHNOLN
GHQHQUROYHVWDWOHUEWQ\OH|]GHúOHúWLUPHNWLU%XD\UÕPNDGÕQÕQDOH\KLQHELUoRN
HúLWVL]OL÷LQGR÷PDVÕQGDEDúUROR\QDPDNWDGÕU 20
$7$(5.ø//ø.
Ataerkillik, kültürel, kurumsal ve sosyal alanlarda öteki olarak betimlenen her türlü
úH\LQX\PDVÕER\XQH÷PHVLEHOLUOLLONHOHULVUGUPHVLVRQXFXQXGR÷XUDQLGHRORMLN
ELU \DSÕODQPDGÕU %X LGHRORMLQLQ N|NHQL LON oD÷ODUGD PONL\HW NDYUDPÕQÕQ RUWD\D
oÕNÕúÕ LOH Hú ]DPDQOÕGÕU $WDHUNLO LGHRORML |QFHOLNOH DLOH DNUDEDOÕN PONQ
16
Saraç, a.g.m., s.29.
17
Serpil Sancar, 7UN0RGHUQOHúPHVLQLQ&LQVL\HWL(UNHNOHU'HYOHW.DGÕQODU$LOH.XUDUEøVWDQEXO
øOHWLúLP<D\ÕQODUÕV
18
a.g.e.,s.24.
19
2UKDQ%LQJ|Oµ¶7RSOXPVDO&LQVL\HW2OJXVXYH7UNL\H¶GH.DGÕQOÕN¶¶KMÜ Sosyal ve Ekonomik
$UDúWÕUPDODU'HUJLVL<6 g]HOVD\Õ V
20
a.g.m., s.108.
501
SD\ODúÕPÕDNWDUÕPÕ]HULQGHQNXUXOPXúWXU$UGÕQGDQGDKHUWUOHNRQRPLNVRV\DO
VL\DVL YH NOWUHO \DSÕODQPDODUÕQ EX LGHRORML oHUoHYHVLQGH úHNLOOHQGL÷LQL V|\OHPHN
\DQOÕú ROPD\DFDNWÕU $WDHUNLO LGHRORML NDUPDúÕN LGHRORMLOHU EWQQGHQ ROXúXU %X
DQODPGDDWDHUNLOOL÷LWHNELU]DPDQÕQLGHRORMLVLRODUDNDOPDNRODVÕGH÷LOGLU7DULKVHO
YHNOWUHOED÷ODPGDoHúLWOLDODQODUGDIDUNOÕOÕNJ|VWHUPLúWLU 21
øNWLGDU LOLúNLOHUL\OH EHVOHQHQ DWDHUNLOOLN NDYUDPÕ ELQ \ÕOODUGÕU o|]POHQHPH\HQ

NDGÕQ HUNHN oHOLúNLVLQGHQ UHWLOHQ LNWLGDU YH úLGGHW NOWUQQ GL÷HU LNWLGDU
biçimleriyle iç içe geçerek sosyal-VL\DVDOGúQVHO-kültürel bir egemenlik sistemine
G|QúPHVL RODUDN WDQÕPODQPDNWDGÕU %X VLVWHP WRSOXPVDO FLQVL\HW UROOHULQL YH
söylemini sürekli olarak yeniden üretmektedir. Özetle, ataerkillik, erkeklerin
NDGÕQODU]HULQGHNLWDKDNNPRODUDNWDQÕPODQPDNWDGÕU 22
&RQQHOO¶LQ KHJHPRQLN HUNHNOLN NDYUDPÕQGD µ¶KHJHPRQ\D¶¶ WHULPLQ |GQo DOÕQGÕ÷Õ

*UDPVFL¶QLQ øWDO\D¶GDNL LúoL VÕQÕI LOLúNLOHUL DQDOL]OHULQGH V|] NRQXVX ROGX÷X JLEL
DFÕPDVÕ]LNWLGDUoHNLúPHOHULQLQ|WHVLQH JHoHUHN|]HO \DúDPÕQYHNOWUHOVUHoOHULQ
|UJWOHQPHVLQH VÕ]DQ ELU WRSOXPVDO JoOHU R\XQXQGD ND]DQÕODQ WRSOXPVDO
VWQONWU%LUHUNHNOHUJUXEXQXQVLODK]RUXYH\DLúVL]EÕUDNPDWHKGLGL\OHEDúND
ELUJUXS]HULQGHNXUGX÷XVWQONKHJHPRQ\DGH÷LOGLU'LQVHO|÷UHWLYH\DSUDWL÷H
NLWOH LOHWLúLP LoHUL÷LQH FUHW \DSÕODUÕQD HY WDVDUÕPÕQD \DUGÕPYHUJLOHQGLUPH
SROLWLNDODUÕQDYEN|NVDODQVWQONKHJHPRQ\DGÕU 23
5: &RQQHOO KHJHPRQ\DQÕQ WRSOXPVDO SUDWLNOHU DUDFÕOÕ÷Õ\OD LúOHQGL÷LQH LúDUHW

HWPHNWHGLU 2QD J|UH KHJHPRQ\D GLQVHO |÷UHWL \D GD SUDWL÷H NLWOH LOHWLúLPLQ
LoHUL÷LQHFUHW\DSÕODUÕQDHYWDVDUÕPÕQDYEN|NVDOPÕúYHúDUNÕODUILOPOHU|\NOHU
ve reklamlar gibi medya metinlerindeki kahraPDQODU DUDFÕOÕ÷Õ\OD
GR÷DOODúWÕUÕOPDNWDGÕU 24
+HJHPRQ\D NDYUDPÕQGDQ WUH\HQ KHJHPRQLN HUNHNOLN NDYUDPÕ GD JHQHO RODUDN ELU
HUNHN FLQVL\HW URO ROPDNWDQ |WH NOWUHO ELU LGHDOL \DQVÕWPDNWD YH WP HUNHNOHULQ
UÕ]DODUÕ DUDFÕOÕ÷Õ\OD UHWLOPHNWHGLU +HJHPRQLN HUNHNOLN DWDHUNLOOL÷LQ
PHúUXODúWÕUÕOPDVÕ LOH NDEXO J|UPú YH HUNHNOHULQ EDVNÕQ NRQXPODUÕ LOH NDGÕQODUÕ
KDNLPL\HWLDOWÕQDDODQELUNDYUDPGÕU 25
7RSOXPVDO FLQVL\HWOHU DUDVÕQGDNL HúLWVL] Jo GD÷ÕOÕPÕ WRSOXPVDO KD\DWÕQ EWQ

DODQODUÕQÕNDGÕQYHHUNH÷LQEWQLOLúNLOHULQLVDUPÕúWÕU$WDHUNLOLGHRORMLQLQGHULQOHUH
NDGDU LúOH\HQ \DSÕVÕ GD NDGÕQODUÕQ EX HQJHOOHPHOHUL J|UPHVLQL ]RUODúWÕUÕU $WDHUNLO
ideoORML WRSOXPVDO FLQVL\HWOHU DUDVÕQGDNL HúLWVL] Jo LOLúNLOHULQL KHP WRSOXPVDO
KD\DWÕQ KHU DODQÕQD \D\DU KHP GH WDP EX EDVNÕODUÕQ KD\DW EXOGX÷X DODQODUGD
21
Pira ve Elgün, a.g.m., s.527.
22
*OúDK$\GÕQYH'X\JX$\GÕQ$VODQHUµ¶6WHUHRWLS.DGÕQ5ROOHULQLQ7HOHYL]\RQ5HNODPODUÕQGD
Sunumu’’2015, Global Media Journal Dergisi, S.11. ( güz-2015 ),s.56.
23
R.W. Connell, 7RSOXPVDO&LQVL\HW9HøNWLGDU7RSOXP.LúL9H&LQVHO3ROLWLNDEøVWDQEXO$\UÕQWÕ
<D\ÕQODUÕV
24
$\GÕQYH$VODQHUa.g.m., s.57.
25
a.g.m.
502
Bahar2017/1
HQJHOOHPHOHULGR÷DOODúWÕUÕUPHúUXODúWÕUÕUQRUPDOOHúWLULUYHLVWHQLUKDOHJHWLULU.DGÕQ
ve erkekler ço÷X ]DPDQ WDP GD HQ oRN HQJHOOHQGLNOHUL DODQODUGD DWDHUNLO LGHRORML\L
yeniden üretirler. 26
*QP]Q JHOHQHNVHO YH oD÷GDú WRSOXPODUÕQGD HWNLVLQL YH VUGUOHELOLUOL÷LQL

GHYDPHWWLUPHNWHRODQDWDHUNLOOLNELUD\UÕPFÕOÕNLGHRORMLVLQLQHYUHQVHOER\XWODUÕRODQ
ELUNXUXPXKDOLQHG|QúPúWU$WDHUNLOOLNWDULKLQELOLPLQIHOVHIHQLQNOWUQYE
ELUoRN WRSOXPVDO \DSÕQÕQ EHOLUOH\LFLVL RODQ ELU HUNHN DNOÕ WDUDIÕQGDQ
\DSÕODQGÕUÕOPÕúWÕU 27
&ø16ø<(752//(5øø/(ø/*ø/ø.85$06$/<$./$ù,0/$5
%ø<2/2-ø..85$0
BL\RORMLN NXUDPODU NDGÕQODU YH HUNHNOHU DUDVÕQGDNL GDYUDQÕú IDUNOÕOÕNODUÕQÕ FLQVOHU

DUDVÕEL\RORMLNYHSVLNRORMLNIDUOÕOÕNODUDGD\DQGÕUDUDNDoÕNODU%XNXUDPÕQLOJLDODQÕ
GR÷XPGDQ LWLEDUHQ NDGÕQ YH HUNHN YFXGXQGD VDOJÕODQDQ KRUPRQODU NULWLN JHOLúPH
dönHPOHULQGH KRUPRQODUGDNL IDUNOÕOÕNODU |UQH÷LQ HUJHQOLN LOH LúOHYVHO YH \DSÕVDO
IDUNOÕOÕNODUGÕU 28
.DGÕQ YH HUNHN DUDVÕQGD J|]OHQHQ IDUNOÕOÕNODUD ED]Õ ELOLP DGDPODUÕ |]HOOLNOH ED]Õ
EL\RORJ YH KHNLPOHU WDULK ER\XQFD LOJLQo DoÕNODPDODUD JHWLUPLúOHUGLU 29 AQQHOLN Lú
JGVQQ EH\QLQ ELU E|OJHVLQGH \HU DOGÕ÷Õ \D GD UHPH RUJDQODUÕQGD EXOXQGX÷X
LOHUL VUOPúWU <]\ÕOÕQ RUWDODUÕQGD LVH \NVHN ]LKLQVHO LúOHPOHULQ PHUNH]L
RODUDNJ|UOHQ|QEH\LQOREODUÕQÕQHUNHNOHUHNÕ\DVODNDGÕQODUGDGDKDNoNYHGDKD
a]NÕYUÕPOÕROGX÷XEXQDNDUúÕOÕNDOJÕODPDJLELGDKDEDVLW]LKLQVHOVUHoOHULQPHUNH]L
RODUDN NDEXO HGLOHQ \DQ OREODUÕQ NDGÕQODUGD GDKD E\N ROGX÷X LOHUL VUOPúWU 30
'DKD\DNÕQELUWDULKWH¶GHELOHHUNH÷LQPLPDUOÕNWDPKHQGLVOLNWHYHVDQDWWD
daha E\N EDúDUÕODUÕ ROGX÷X EXQXQGD HUNHNOLN KRUPRQODUÕQGDQ YH EH\LQ
SHUIRUPDQVÕQÕQ HUNHNOHUGH GDKD VWQ ROPDVÕQGDQ ND\QDNODQGÕ÷ÕQÕ V|\OH\HQOHU
ROPXúWXU 31
%L\RORJODUD J|UH IDUNÕQ ND\QD÷Õ NDGÕQ YH HUNH÷LQ EL\RORMLN |]HOOLNOHUL ED÷ODPÕ GD
VWOHQGLNOHUL UROGU 5ROOHUL IDUNOÕODúWÕUDQ LVH NDGÕQODUÕQ oRFXN GR÷XUDELOPHOHUL
HUNHNOHULQ LVH EXQX \DSDPDPDODUÕGÕU hUHPH \HWHQH÷LQLQ VRQXFX RODUDN
LQVDQR÷OXQXQWRSOXOXNRODUDN\DúDPD\DEDúODGÕ÷ÕLON]DPDQODUGDQLWLEDUHQHUNHNOHU
26
$\EHQ6RQHUµ¶<DSÕYH)DLOøOLúNLVLQGHQ+DUHNHWOH$WDHUNLOøGHRORMLYH7RSOXPVDO&LQVL\HW(WNLOHúLPLQL
Anlamak’’, (Adnan Menderes ÜniveUVLWHVL6RV\DO%LOLPOHU(QVWLWV6RV\RORML$QDELOLP'DOÕ6RV\RORML
%LOLP'DOÕ<D\ÕQODQPDPÕú<NVHN/LVDQV7H]L $\GÕQV
27
'LFOHg]NDQµ¶$WDHUNLOøGHRORMLGH%HNDUHW6|\OHPL¶¶https://www.academia.edu/4936105/Bekaret-
makale (ULúLP7DULKL
28
%XUoLQ$QDUµ¶(YOLYHdDOÕúDQ<HWLúNLQOHULQ7RSOXPVDO&LQVL\HW5ROOHULLOH(YOLOLN'R\XPXYHøú
'R\XPXøOLúNLVLQLQøQFHOHQPHVLµ¶ dXNXURYDhQLYHUVLWHVL6RV\DO%LOLPOHU(QVWLWV(÷LWLP%LOLPOHUL
$QDELOLP'DOÕ<D\ÕQODQPDPÕú<NVHN/LVDQV7H]L $GDQDV
29
Dökmen, a.g.e., s.48.
30
a.g.e.
31
a.g.e., s.49.
503
GÕú oHYUH\OH PFDGHOHGHQ VRUXPOX\NHQ EDúDW GDYUDQÕú |UQWV NDGÕQODU HYOH

LOJLOLLúOHUGHQVRUXPOX\GXODU HGLOJHQGDYUDQÕú|UQWV). 32
.DGÕQODUODHUNHNOHUDUDVÕQGDEHOLUJLQEL\RORMLNIDUNOÕOÕNODUÕQEXOXQGX÷XELUJHUoHNWLU
7RSOXPVDO DODQGD GD NDGÕQ YH HUNHNWHQ EHNOHQHQ UROOHULQ IDUNOÕODúPDVÕ HUNH÷LQ YH
NDGÕQÕQIDUNOÕUROOHULLoVHOOHúWLUPHOHULQGHNHQGLQLJ|VWHULUdRFXNEDNÕPÕYHHYLúOHUL
IL]LNVHO \HWHUVL]OL÷LQGHQ GROD\Õ NDGÕQD X\JXQ J|UOPúWU (UNHN LVH EL\RORMLN
\DSÕVÕQD X\JXQ RODUDN Jo JHUHNWLUHFHN HY GÕúÕQGDNL X÷UDúODUD \|QHOPLúWLU
'ROD\ÕVÕ\OD NDGÕQÕQ HY LoLQGHNL VRUXPOXOX÷X DUWPÕúWÕU %X DUDGD VDOGÕUJDQOÕN
GDYUDQÕúÕQÕQGDEL\RORMLNRODUDNHUNH÷HDLWELU|]HOOLNROGX÷XYXUJXODQPÕúWÕr. 33
&LQVL\HW IDUNOÕOÕ÷ÕQ EL\RORMLN IDNW|UH ED÷ODQPDVÕ oR÷X ]DPDQ HUNHN VWQO÷QQ

NDEXO DQODPÕQD JHOPLúWLU )UHXG¶ XQ µ¶DQDWRPL NDGHUGLU¶¶ LONHVL EX \DNODúÕPGD
µ¶EL\RORML NDGHUGLU¶¶ LONHVLQH G|QúPúWU %X J|Uú NDGÕQ KDNODUÕQÕQ YH
etkinliklerinin NÕVÕWODQPDVÕULVNLQLWDúÕUoQNEL\RORMLN]RUXQOXOXNODUQHGHQL\OHLNL
FLQVL\HWDUDVÕQGDVRV\DOHúLWOL÷LQLPNDQVÕ]OÕ÷ÕQÕLoHULU 34
626<$/gö5(10(.85$0,
.XUDPÕQ RUMLQDOL %DQGXUD WDUDIÕQGDQ |÷UHQPHQLQ VRV\DO HWNLOHULQL RUWD\D NRQPDVÕ
DPDFÕ\OD JHOLúWLULOPLúWLU YH EX NXUDP %DQGXUD YH EDúNDODUÕ WDUDIÕQGDQ FLQVL\HW
UROOHULQLQ|÷UHQLOPHVLQLQELUDoÕNODPDVÕRODUDNGDWHPHODOÕQPÕúWÕU 35
6RV\DO |÷UHQPH NXUDPÕ oRFX÷XQ FLQVL\HW UROQH X\JXn olan veya olmayan
GDYUDQÕúODUÕQÕ |GOOHQGLUPH FH]DODQGÕUPD\OD HGLQGL÷LQL D\UÕFD J|]OHP YH |UQHN
DOPDQÕQ GD |QHPOL ROGX÷XQX YXUJXODU 6RV\DO |÷UHQPH NXUDPÕQD J|UH HUNHN YH
NDGÕQ DUDVÕQGDNL J|]OHQPHNWH RODQ GDYUDQÕúVDO IDUNOÕOÕNODUÕQ ND\QD÷ÕQÕ |÷UHQLOPLú
fDUNOÕOÕNODUROXúWXUPDNWDGÕU%XUROOHULQHGLQLOPHVLQGHJHQHWLNIDNW|UOHULGHJ|]DUGÕ
HWPH\HQNXUDPGDKDoRNoRFX÷XQoHYUHVLQGHEXOXQDQPRGHOOHUOHLOLúNLYHFLQVL\HW
\|QHOLPOL GDYUDQÕúODUÕQ ND]DQÕOPDVÕQGD EX PRGHOOHUOH |]GHúLPL WDNOLW HWPHVL
üzerinde durmDNWDGÕU 36
gUQH÷LQ NÕ]ODU DQQHOHULQL PDN\DM \DSDUNHQ J|UUOHU YH R\XQODUÕQGD EX GDYUDQÕúÕ
WDNOLW HGHUOHU 'R÷DO RODUDN µ¶|UQHN DOPD¶¶ ROJXVX oRFXNODUÕQ KDQJL FLQVL\HWWHQ
ROGXNODUÕQÕ GROD\ÕVÕ\OD KDQJL GDYUDQÕúODUÕ |UQHN DODFDNODUÕQÕ ELOGLNOHULQL YDUVD\DU
.LWOHLOHWLúLPDUDoODUÕYH|]HOOLNOHGHWHOHYL]\RQoRFXNODUÕQFLQVL\HWUROOHULQLQ|UQHN
32
Özgür Güldü ve Müge Ersoy Kart, ‘’Toplumsal Cinsiyet Rolleri ve Siyasal Tutumlar: Sosyal Psikolojik
%LU'H÷HUOHQGLUPH¶¶Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, Y.64-3, s. 101.
33
'LOHNøPDQoHUµ¶7RSOXPVDO&LQVL\HW2OXúXPXQDøOLúNLQ.XUDPVDO<DNODúÕPODUµ¶MedyDYH.DGÕQ,
GHU'LOHNøPDQoHUøVWDQEXO(EDELO<D\ÕQODUÕV
34
35
36
g]OHPg]JUµ¶7HOHYL]\RQGD<D\ÕQODQDQ.DGÕQ3URJUDPODUÕQGD7RSOXPVDO&LQVL\HW5ROOHULQLQ
Sunumu’’, (Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal BilimlHU(QVWLWV5DG\R7HOHYL]\RQ$QDELOLP'DOÕ5DG\R
7HOHYL]\RQ%LOLP'DOÕ<D\ÕQODQPDPÕú<NVHN/LVDQV7H]L .RQ\DV
504
Bahar2017/1
DOÕQPDVÕQGD |QHPOL ELU LúOHYH VDKLSWLU dRN WHOHYL]\RQ VH\UHGHQ oRFXNODU

PXKWHPHOHQGDKDoRNFLQVL\HWVWHUHRWLSOHULQHVDKLSRODFDNODUGÕU 37
Bu kurama göre, özellikle toSOXOXNoX NOWUOHUGH X\JXQ FLQVL\HW URO GDYUDQÕúODUÕ

DoÕNoDWDQÕPODQPÕúYHEXGDYUDQÕúODUNRQXVXQGDROGXNoDNDWÕNXUDOODUNRQXOPXúWXU
%|\OHFH ELU FLQVL\HWWHNL WP PRGHOOHULQ GDYUDQÕúODUÕ ELUELUOHUL\OH WXWDUOÕ RODFDNWÕU
%X WXWDUOÕ PRGHOOHULQ YDUOÕ÷Õ YH X\JXQ GDYUDQÕúODUÕQ |GOOHQGLULOPHVL JHOHQHNVHO
FLQVL\HW UROOHULQLQ VRQUDNL NXúDNODUD DNWDUÕOPD RODVÕOÕ÷ÕQÕ DUWÕUDFDNWÕU %LUH\FL
NOWUOHUGH LVH FLQVL\HW URO EHNOHQWLOHUL DoÕNoD WDQÕPODQPDPÕúWÕU 'ROD\ÕVÕ\OD EX
WRSOXPODUGD FLQVL\HW UROOHUL NRúXOODUD |]J GH÷LúLNOLNOHU J|VWHUHELOLU dRFXNODU
ELUELUL\OHWXWDUVÕ] PRGHOOHUOH NDUúÕODúÕODELOLU%X QHGHQOHGHFLQVL\HWURODoÕVÕQGDQ
JHOHQHNVHO RODQ YH ROPD\DQ NOWUOHU DUDVÕQGD IDUNOÕOÕNODU RODFDNWÕU $\UÕFD
2VERUQH¶D J|UHED]ÕEDEDODU GL÷HUOHULQGHQGDKDHUNHNVLED]ÕDQQHOHUGL÷HUOHULQGHQ
GDKDNDGÕQVÕGÕUODU6RV\DO|÷UHQPHNXUDPÕQDJ|UHEDEDQÕQHUNHNVLOL÷LDUWWÕNoDHUNHN
oRFX÷XQGDGDKDHUNHNVLDQQHQLQNDGÕQVÕOÕ÷ÕDUWWÕNoDNÕ]oRFX÷XQXQGDGDKDNDGÕQVÕ
RODFD÷ÕVRQXFXoÕNPDNWDGÕU 38
%ø/øù6(/*(/øùø0.85AMI
.XUDPDJ|UHFLQVL\HWOHULD\UÕúWÕUPDELOLúVHOJHOLúLPLQHYUHQVHOLONHOHULQLWDNLSHGHU
dRFXNODULONRODUDNNHQGLFLQVHONLPOLNOHULQLGDKDVRQUDEDúNDODUÕQÕQNLQL|÷UHQLUOHU
%LU EDúND GH\LúOH oRFXNODU LON RODUDN LQVDQODUÕQ NDGÕQ YH HUNHN ROPDN ]HUH iki
JUXED D\UÕOGÕ÷ÕQÕ YH NHQGLOHULQLQ EXQODUGDQ KDQJLVLQH DLW ROGXNODUÕQÕ DQODU GDKD
VRQUD ELUH\OHUL ELUELULQGHQ D\ÕUDQ |]HOOLNOHUL |÷UHQLUOHU 6RQUD FLQVL\HWOH LOJLOL
NDOÕSODúPÕVWXWXPODUÕQ-KHULNLFLQVWHQKDQJLWUGDYUDQÕúODUÕQEHNOHQGL÷LQLQ- IDUNÕQD
YDUÕUODU YH EX DúDPDGDQ VRQUD GD FLQVL\HW GDPJDOÕ GDYUDQÕúODU J|VWHUPH\H
EDúODUODU 39
%LOLúVHO \DNODúÕPÕQ WHPHO VD\ÕOWÕVÕQD J|UH LQVDQODUÕQ ELOLúVHO WXWDUOÕOÕ÷D LKWL\DFÕ

YDUGÕU EX LKWL\Do NHQGLOHULQH YH GQ\D\D LOLúNLQ WXWDUOÕ YH GHQJHOL ELU J|Uú
ROXúWXUPD\Õ YH VUGUPH\L LVWHPHOHULQH \RO DoDU dRFXNODU LoLQ EX WXWDUOÕOÕ÷Õ
VUGUPHQLQ ELU \ROX QDVÕO HQ X\JXQ NÕ] \D GD HUNHN ROXQGX÷XQX EXOPDNWÕU .Õ]
ROGX÷XQX DQOD\DQ ELU oRFXN NDGÕQVÕ QHVQH HWNLQOLN YH GDYUDQÕúODUÕ NHQGLQL HUNHN
RODUDNWDQÕPOD\DQELU oRFXNGDHUNHNVLQHVQHHUNLQOLNYHGDYUDQÕúODUÕWHUFLKHWPH\H
EDúOD\DFDNWÕU%XNXUDPVRV\DO|÷UHQPHNXUDPÕQÕQWHUVLQHoRFX÷XQNDGÕQVÕ\DGD
HUNHNVL ROPD\Õ LVWHPHVLQLQ QHGHQLQLQ GL÷HUOHUL WDUDIÕQGDQ |GOOHQGLULOPHVLQL GH÷LO
NHQGLVLQLELUNÕ]\DGDHUNHNRODUDNNLPOLNOHQPHVLROGX÷XQXLOHULVUHU 40
%X EDNÕú DoÕVÕQD J|UH oRFXNODUÕQ GDYUDQÕúODUÕ WRSOXPVDO FLQVL\HW NLPOL÷LQH J|UH
WDVDUÕPODQÕUdRFXNODULONNH]NHQGLFLQVL\HWOHULQHLOLúNLQELOJL\OHWDQÕúWÕNODUÕQGDELU
NÕ] YH\D HUNHN JLEL GúQPHN YH GDYUDQPDN DUDVÕQGD NDUúÕOÕNOÕ ELU HWNLOHúLP
37
.D\SDNR÷OXa.g.e., s. 25.
38
Anar, a.g.m., s.24.
39
$\OLQdÕWDNµ¶.DGÕQODUÕQdDOÕúPDVÕQD<|QHOLN7XWXP&LQVL\HW&LQVL\HW5ROYH6RV\RHNRQRPLN
']H\H*|UH%LU.DUúÕODúWÕUPD¶¶ $QNDUDhQLYHUVLWHVL6RV\DO%LOLPOHU(QVWLWV3VLNRORML 6RV\DO
3VLNRORML $QDELOLP'DOÕ<D\ÕQODQPDPÕú<NVHN/LVDQV7H]L$QNDra, 2008, s.14.
40
505
JHUoHNOHúLU%|\OHFHFLQVHONLPOLN EHQELUNÕ]ÕPYH\DEHQELUHUNH÷LP ROXúXU$UWÕN

oRFXNGXUD÷DQELUFLQVL\HWUROND]DQPÕúWÕU.XUDPDJ|UHoRFXNODUÕQPDVNOHQYH
feminen özellikleri benimsemeleri kendilerini bu úHNLOGHNLPOLNOHPH\LLVWHPHOHULQLQ
sonucudur. 41
723/806$/&ø16ø<(7ù(0$6,.85$0,
Sandra Lipsitz %HUQ¶ LQ LOHUL VUG÷ NXUDP VRV\DO |÷UHQPH YH ELOLúVHO H÷LWLP
NXUDPODUÕQÕQ WHPHO J|UúOHULQL ELUOHúWLULU g]HOOLNOH FLQVL\HWOHUL D\UÕúWÕUPDQÕQ
oRFX÷XQ NHQGLOLN ELOJLVL GH GDKLO WP ELOJL\L NOWUQ NDGÕQOÕN YH HUNHNOLN
WDQÕPODUÕQD J|UH NRGODPD\D YH RUJDQL]H HWPH\H KD]ÕU ROXúXQGDQ ND\QDNODQGÕ÷ÕQÕ
kabul eder. 42
+HPHQ KHU NOWUGH NDGÕQVÕ YH HUNHNVL NLúLOLN |]HOOLNOHUL EHOLUOHQPLú NDGÕQ YH
HUNH÷LQ NOWUGH NDGÕQVÕYHHUNHNVLNLúLOLN|]HOOLNOHULEHOLUOHQPLú NDGÕQ YHHUNH÷LQ
WRSOXPGDNL\HUL\DSDELOHFH÷LLVOHUYHIDDOL\HWOHUFLQVL\HWOHULWHPHOLQGHD\UÕúWÕUÕOPÕú
YH WDQÕPODQPÕúWÕU dRFXN GD JHOLúLP VUHFL LoLQGH \DSWÕ÷Õ J|]OHPOHU \ROX\OD NDGÕQ
YH HUNH÷H |]J GDYUDQÕúODUÕ DOÕQDQ J|UHY YH VRUXPOXOXNODUÕ |]PVH\HUHN YH
GH÷HUOHQGLUHUHN |÷UHQLU .ÕVDFDVÕ oRFXN JHOLúHQ ELU WRSOXPVDO FLQVL\HW úHPDVÕ
DUDFÕOÕ÷Õ\ODJHOHQELOJL\LNRGODPD\ÕYH|UJWOHPH\LGH|÷UHQPHNWHGLU.XUDPDJ|UH
oRFXN WRSOXPVDO FLQVL\HW úHPDODUÕQÕ |÷UHQPH VUHFLQGH LNL FLQVL\HW DUDVÕQGDNL
J|]OHQHELOLU IDUNODUÕ J|UU NHQGL FLQVL\HWL\OH LOJLOL ELlgiler edinir ve bunlar
GR÷UXOWXVXQGDNHQGLFLQVL\HWLQLWDQÕPODU 43
7RSOXPVDO FLQVL\HW úHPD NXUDPÕQD J|UH |÷UHQPH VUHFL\OH oRFXNODU ELU FLQVL\HW
úHPDVÕ JHOLúWLULUOHU YH ROXúWXUXODQ EX úHPDODU FLQVL\HWH GD\DOÕ |]HOOLNOHUL EHWLPOHU
ùHPD ELOLúVHO ELU \DSÕGÕU ELUH\LQ DOJÕODUÕQÕ RUJDQL]H HGHQ YH \|QOHQGLUHQ ELU
oD÷UÕúÕPODUD÷ÕGÕU%LUúHPDJHOHQELOJL\LúHPD\ODLOLúNLOLWHULPOHUOHDUDúWÕUPD\DYH
|]PVHPH\H KD]ÕU ROXúX VD÷ODU %HOOL ELU úHPD DUDFÕOÕ÷Õ\OD ELOJL\L LúOHPH\H KD]ÕU
ELUH\OHU úHPD\D X\JXQ ELOJL\L KHPHQ NRGOD\DELOLUOHU úHPD\OD LOJLOL NDWHJRULOHU
LoLQGH |UJWOH\HELOLUOHU YH úHPD\OD LOLúNLOL IDUNOÕODúPÕú \DUJÕODUGD EXOXQDELOLUOHU
%LOJL\L WRSOXPVDO FLQVL\HW úHPDVÕQD J|UH LúOHPH LVH |]HOOLNOHUL YH GDYUDQÕúODUÕ
NDGÕQVÕYHHUNHNVLNDWHJRULOHULQHD\ÕUPD\D\RODoDU&LQVL\HWOHLOJLVLROPD\DQúH\OHU
ELOHNDGÕQVÕ\DGDHUNHNVLNDWHJRULVLQHVRNXODUDNLúOHQLUgUQH÷LQQD]LN´YH³EOEO´
JLEL |]HOOLNOHU NDGÕQVÕ NDWHJRULVLQH ³DWÕOJDQ´ YH ³NDUWDO´ JLEL |]HOOLNOHU HUNHNVL
NDWHJRULVLQH \HUOHúWLULOHELOLU 7RSOXPVDO FLQVL\HW úHPDVÕ GD NDGÕQ YH HUNHN
|]HOOLNOHULQLQ DOJÕODQPDVÕQGD YH ELOJLQLQ LúOHQPHVLQGH WHPHO ROXúWXUDQ ELU
çerçevedir. 44
.XUDPD J|UH ELUH\ oHYUHGHQ JHOHQ ELOJLOHUL PHYFXW FLQVL\HW WHPDVÕQD J|UH DOJÕODU
NRGODU YH |UJWOHU gUQH÷LQ FLQVL\HW WHPDVÕ LoLQ IL]LNVHO Jo HUNHN oRFXNODUÕ LoLQ
X\JXQNHQ IL]LNVHO oHNLFLOLN NÕ] oRFXNODUÕ LoLQ X\JXQ RODQ WHPD ELOHúHQLGLU %X
FLQVL\HW WHPDODUÕ VD\HVLQGH oRFXNODU NOWUQ HUNHNVL YH NDGÕQVÕ WDQÕPÕQD X\JXQ
41
Güldü ve Ersoy-Kart, a.g.m.,s.105.
42
43
dÕWDNa.g.m.,s.15.
44
Anar, a.g.m., s.26.
506
Bahar2017/1
RODUDN NHQGL GDYUDQÕúODUÕQÕ G]HQOHPH\H JGOHQPHNWHGLUOHU. Bu güdüleyici güç

VD\HVLQGH oRFXN úHPDWLN VHoLFLOL÷L NHQGLQH X\JXOD\DUDN NHQGL FLQVL\HWLQH X\JXQ
RODQODUÕ VHoLS |÷UHQPHNWH E|\OHFH EHQOLN NDYUDPÕQÕ ROXúWXUPDNWDGÕU $UWÕN
oRFXNODUÕQ EHQOLN NDYUDPÕ FLQVL\HWOHULQH J|UH JHOLúPLú YH ]LKLQOHULQGH IDUNOÕ Lki
FLQVL\HWWHPDVÕ NDGÕQ- HUNHN \DUDWÕOPÕúWÕU 45
36ø.$1$/ø7ø..85$0
)UHXG¶XQJ|UúOHULQHGD\DQDQSVLNDQDOLWLN\DNODúÕPWRSOXPVDOFLQVL\HWLQJHOLúLPLQH
LOLúNLQ RODUDN JHWLULOHQ LON NXUDPVDO DoÕNODPDODUGDQ ELULGLU %X NXUDP OLELGR
NDYUDPODúWÕUPDVÕQDGD\DQÕU/LELGREL\RORMLNYHWRSOXPVDOFLQVL\HWLRUJDQL]HHGHQ
EL\RORMLNWHPHOLRODQFLQVHOHQHUMLGLU)UHXGOLELGR\XHUNHNFLQVHORUJDQÕQÕPHUNH]H
DODUDNDoÕNODPÕúWÕU 46
Freud’ a göre birey psikoseksüel JHOLúLPLQL EHú HYUHGH WDPDPODU %X EHú G|QHP
oral, anal, fallik, latent ve genital dönemdir. Oral dönemde (0-D\DUDVÕ EHEH÷LQ
LOJLVL D÷Õ] G|QHPLQGHGLU YH D÷Õ]OD LOJLOL HWNLQOLNOHU HPPH D÷Õ]D DOPD KD] VD÷ODU
Anal dönemde (1,5- \Dú DUDVÕ LOJL DQVWHGLU PDNDWWDGÕU GÕúNÕODPD YH LOJLOL
süreçler önemlidir. Fallik dönemde (3-\DúDUDVÕ LOJLKHQ]\HWLúNLQOLNG]H\LQGH
olmamakla birlikte, cinsel organa yönelir. Latent dönemde (5- \Dú DUDVÕ FLQVHO
LOJLOHU YH JGOHU D]DOÕ\RU KDWWD ND\EROX\RU Jibi görünür. Genital dönemde (12-
\DúWDQ VRQUD LVH FLQVHO GUWOHU \HQLGHQ FLQVHO RGDNOÕ YH \HWLúNLQ FLQVHOOL÷L
DQODPÕQGD RUWD\D oÕNDU %X JHOLúLP G|QHPOHULQLQ KHU ELULQGH ELUH\LQ SVLNRORMLN
enerjisi ve cinsel ilgisi (libido) bedeninin belirli bir bölgesine yönelir ve birey
VD÷ODGÕ÷ÕGR\XPXQG]H\LQH D]\DGDoRNROXúXQD J|UH\DRG|QHPGHWDNÕOÕU\DGD
ELUVRQUDNLG|QHPHNÕVPHQYH\DWDPDPHQJHoHELOLU 47
g]GHúOHúPHYHLoVHOOHVWLUPHJLELELOLQoDOWÕVUHoOHULYXUJXOD\DQSVLNDQDOLWLNNXUDPD
göre, toplumsal FLQVL\HWH X\JXQ GDYUDQÕúODUGD EXOXQPD HUNHNOHUGH HUNHNVL
NDGÕQODUGDNDGÕQVÕGDYUDQÕú oRFX÷XQNoN\DúODUGDQLWLEDUHQNHQGLFLQVL\HWLQGHQ
HEHYH\QL LOH NXUGX÷X |]GHúLP VUHFL LOH ED÷ODQWÕOÕGÕU .DUúÕ FLQVL\HWH X\JXQ
GDYUDQÕúODUGD EXOXQPD LVH NDUVÕ FLQVL\HWWHQ RODQ HEHYH\Q LOH |]GHúLP NXUPD\OD
DoÕNODQPDNWDGÕU )UHXG¶D J|UH oRFXN NHQGL FLQVL\HWLQGHNL HEHYH\QL\OH |]GHúLP
NXUDUDN RQXQ |]HOOLNOHULQL DOÕU YH VRQXo RODUDN HUNHN oRFXNODU QDVÕO ELU HUNHN
ROPDODUÕJHUHNWL÷LQLNÕ]oRFXNODUGDQDVÕOELUNDGÕQROPDODUÕJHUHNWL÷LQL|÷UHQLUOHU
%X NXUDPD J|UH ELUH\LQ WRSOXPVDO YH SVLNRORMLN DoÕGDQ X\XP LoLQGH ROPDVÕ LoLQ
NHQGLFLQVL\HWLQHX\JXQELUFLQVHONLPOL÷HVDKLSROPDVÕJHUHNPHNWHGLU 48
45
Güldü ve Ersoy-Kart, a.g.m.,s. 105.
46
47
a.g.e.
48
dÕWDNa.g.m., s.12.
507
723/806$/&ø16ø<(7(ùø76ø=/øöø1(<g1(/ø.)(0ø1ø67
KURAMLAR
)(0ø1ø=0
)HPLQL]PNDGÕQ-HUHNDUDVÕQGDNLLOLúNL\LDLOHH÷LWLPLúGQ\DVÕVL\DVLKD\DWNOWU
YHWDULKHNDGDUJHQLúELU\HOSD]HLoLQGHVRUJXOD\DQYHNDGÕQ-HUNHNDUDVÕQGDNLLNWLGDU
LOLúNLVLQL GH÷LúWLUPH\L DPDoOD\DQ VL\DVL ELU KDUHNHWWLU )HPLQL]P NDGÕQ-erkek
DUDVÕQGDNL D\UÕPGD HUNHN VWQO÷Q YH HUNHN PHUNH]OL WRSOXPVDO QRUPODUÕ RQD
HUGLUPH\L \HULQL NDGÕQVÕ GH÷HUOHUH LNDPH HWPH\L DPDoOD\DQ ELU VL\DVDO KDUHNHW
RODUDNJHOLúPHNWHGLU 49
)HPLQL]PL JHQHO ELU WDVQLIOH ¶¶NDGÕQ KDNODUÕ KDUHNHWL¶¶ LOH µ¶NDGÕQÕQ NXUWXOXúX
KDUHNHWLµ¶RODUDNLNLNDWHJRUL\HD\ÕUPDNPPNQGU.DGÕQKDNODUÕKDUHNHWLLoLQGH
\HU DODQ IHPLQLVW JUXSODU JHOHQHNVHO EDVNÕ JUXSODUÕQÕQ WDNWLNOHULQL NXOODQDUDN VL\DVL
LNWLGDU QH]GLQGH WRSOXPGD NDGÕQODUÕQ YDUOÕ÷ÕQÕ YH EX oHUoHYHGH NDGÕQ KDNODUÕQÕ
VDYXQPD\Õ DPDoODPDNWDGÕUODU %X JUXSODU NDGÕQ HUNHN KL\HUDUúLN ELU LOLúNL
LoHUPH\HQ DUNDGDúOÕN LOLúNLVLQH G|QúWUPH\H YH EX LOLúNL\L WRSOXPVDO LOLúNLOHULQ
PHUNH]LQHRWXUWPD\DoDOÕúÕUODU%XUDGDQ\RODoÕNDUDN)UDQVÕ]'HYULPL¶QLQWHPHOLQH
NDUúÕ \D]ÕOPÕú RODQ 0DU\ :ROOVWRQHFUDIW¶ ÕQ .DGÕQ +DNODUÕ 6DYXQPDVÕ LON
PRGHUQIHPLQL]PPHWQLGLU0HWLQGHLQVDQROPDODUÕQHGHQL\OHNDGÕQODUÕQGDD\QÕKDN
YHD\UÕFDOÕNODUDVDKLSROPDVÕJHUHNWL÷LLOHULVUOPúWU 50
0RGHUQDNOÕQGÕúÕQGDWXWXODQYHHYLoL|]HODODQDKDSVHGLOHUHN\DúDPÕJLELEHGHQOHUL
GHHUNHNNRQWUROQHYHULOPLúNDGÕQODUÕQKDNOÕHúLWOLNWDOHSOHULQLLQVDQOÕ÷ÕQHúLWOL÷LQL
HYUHQVHO GH÷HUOHU DUDVÕQD NR\DQ IHPLQL]P PRGHUQLWH\OH ELUOLNWH WDULK VDKQHVLQH
oÕNPÕúWÕU)HPLQLVWOHUµ¶GR÷XúWDQ|]JUGR÷DQLQVDQOÕNLGHDOLQHNDUúÕQQDVÕOROX\RU
GDNDGÕODUHUNHNLNWLGDUÕQÕQELUSDUoDVÕKDOLQHJHOL\RU"µ¶VRUXODUÕQÕJHQLúOHWHUHNNDGÕQ
|]JUOHúLPLQLQ\ROODUÕQÕDoPÕúODUGÕU 51
)HPLQL]PLQ WDULKoHVLQH EDNWÕ÷ÕPÕ]GD LVH <]\ÕO øQJLOWHUH¶VLQGH IHRGDOL]PLQ

bitPHVL YH NDSLWDOL]PL JHOLúPHVL LOH NHQGLQL \HQL WRSOXPGDQ GÕúODQPÕú ELU VRV\DO
NDWHJRUL RODUDN KLVVHGHQ RUWD VÕQÕI NDGÕQODUÕQ WDOHSOHUL\OH RUWD\D oÕNPÕúWÕU <HQL
EXUMXYD VÕQÕIÕQÕQ |]JUON YH HúLWOLN WDOHSOHULQH NDUúÕ NDGÕQODUGD EX KDNODUÕ WDOHS
HWPH\H EDúODPÕúODUGÕU 52 1H YDU NL ¶¶HúLWOLN |]JUON¶¶ ED\UD÷ÕQÕ \NVHOWHQ
EXUMXYD]LQLQ µ¶LQVDQ¶¶ VR\XWODPDVÕ GD \]OHUFH \ÕOOÕN JHOHQH÷L VUGUHUHN NDGÕQODUÕ
GÕúOD\DQELUQLWHOLNWDúÕPÕúWÕU%|\OHELU]LKLQVHO YHNXUJXVDO \DSÕLoLQGHNDGÕQODUÕQ
EWQ \DSDELOGL÷L H÷LWLP KDNNÕ WDOHS HWPHNWL %X KDNNÕQ WDOHEL LoLQ NXOODQGÕNODUÕ
49
*O$NWDúµ¶)HPLQLVW6|\OHPOHU%D÷ODPÕQGD.DGÕQ.LPOL÷L(UNHN(JHPHQ%LU7RSOXPGD.DGÕQ
Olmak’’, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, Y.30, s.1(Haziran 2013), s.59.
50
a.g.m., s.60.
51
ùDúPDQ.D\OÕa.g.e., s. 18.
52
$NWDúa.g.m.,s.60.
508
Bahar2017/1
DUJPDQODU GD LVWHU LVWHPH] HUNHNOHULQ GHVWH÷LQLQ ND]DQÕOPDVÕQGD \R÷XQODúWÕ YH

DWDHUNLOWRSOXPVDOFLQVL\HWWDQÕPODUÕQDGD\DQGÕUÕOGÕ 53
YH<]\ÕOODUGDQLWLEDUHQNDGÕQ KDUHNHWLELUoRNDODQÕHWNLOHPLúNDGÕQÕQ|]HO
YHNDPXVDODODQGDNLNRQXPXQXVRUJXODPÕúYHG|QúWUPúWU.DGÕQODUÕQR\KDNNÕ
YH\|QHWLPHNDWÕOPDKDNNÕWPPHVOHNOHUHJLUPHYHEXQODUÕQVD÷ODQPDVÕLoLQH÷LWLP
KDNNÕDGÕQDPFDGHOHHGLOHQLONG|QHPIHPLQLVWKDUHNHWGHYOHW\|QHWLPLLú\DúDPÕ
H÷LWLPJLELSHNoRNDODQÕQWRSOXPVDOFLQVL\HWNDYUDPÕLOHúHNLOOHQGL÷LQLJ|VWHULU 54
øNLQFLGDOJDRODUDNELOLQHQ¶ODUÕQVRQODUÕQGDQLWLEDUHQIHPLQLVWV|\OHPOHU\HQL
ELUER\XWND]DQPÕúWÕU%XG|QHPIHPLQLVWKDUHNHWOHU6LPRQHGH%HDXYRLU¶LQµ¶NDGÕQ
GR÷XOPD] NDGÕQ ROXQXU¶¶ J|UúOHULQGHQ KDUHNHWOH NDGÕQODUÕQ HUNHNOHUGHQ IDUNOÕ
ROGXNODUÕQÕ IDUNOÕ ELU NOWUH YH IDUNOÕ WDU]ODUD VDKLS ROGXNODUÕ GúQFHVLQGHQ
EHVOHQPLúWLU 55
)HPLQL]P VRQUDVÕQGD GDKD JHQLú ELU WDEDQD \D\ÕOPD H÷LOLPL J|VWHUPLúWLU
*QP]GH IHPLQL]P ED]Õ YXUJX IDUNOÕOÕNODUÕ\OD GH÷LúLN ONHOHUGHNL oHúLWOL NDGÕQ
JUXSODUÕQFD EHQLPVHQPHNWHGLU 7HPHOGH DWDHUNLO WRSOXPVDO G]HQLQL HOHúWLUHQ
IHPLQLVW J|Uú ELU EWQ RODUDN o|]POHPH\H LPNDQ WDQÕ\DQ ELU WHRUL
JHOLúWLULOHPHGL÷LQGHQ IHPLQLVW GúQUOHU OLEHUDOL]P 0DUNVL]P SVLNDQDOL]
YDUROXúoXOXN UDGLNDOL]P JLEL GúQFH DNÕPODUÕQÕQ HWNLVLQGH NDODUDN ROXúWXUGXNODUÕ
WHRULOHU LOH NDGÕQ KDNODUÕQD DOWHUQDWLI o|]P DUD\ÕúODUÕQÕ VUGUUOHU %X IHPLQLVW
WHRULOHU NDGÕQODUÕQ DWDHUNLO WRSOXPVDO G]HQ \DSÕVÕ LoLQGH GH÷HUVL]OHúWLUGLNOHULQL
varsaymakta ve bunun nedenini sorgular. 56
/ø%(5$/)(0ø1ø=0
/LEHUDO WHRUL UDV\RQHO ]LKLQVHO JHOLúLPLQ HQ \NVHN LQVDQ ROGX÷X YH GHYOHWLQ EX
DPDFÕYHEXQXODLOLQWLOLDPDoODUÕL]OHPHNRQXVXQGDKHUNHVHHúLWIÕUVDW\DUDWÕOPDVÕQÕ
JYHQFHDOWÕQDDODFDNúHNLOGHHGLPGHEXOXQPDVÕJHUHNWL÷LQLYDUVD\DU%XQGDQGROD\Õ
OLEHUDOIHPLQLVWOHULQoR÷XoDEDODUÕQÕHQWHOHNWHOJHOLúLPYHPHVOHNLEDúDUÕIÕUVDWODUÕQÕ
JHOLúWLUHFHN \DVDODUÕ \DUDWPD\D YH GH÷LúWLUPH\H KDVUHder. Erken dönem liberalleri
NDGÕQODUÕQHúLWR\KDNNÕYHPONL\HWKDNNÕLoLQoDOÕúWÕODU*QP]QOLEHUDOOHULHúLW
FUHWYHLVWLKGDPJLELNRQXODULoLQVDYDúPDNWDGÕU 57
/LEHUDOIHPLQLVWV|\OHPHJ|UHNDGÕQODUÕQHúOHUYHDQQHOHURODUDNJ\DGR÷DOUROOHUL
KDNNÕQGDNLVDoPD\DUJÕODUYHVWHUHRWLSOHUNDGÕQODUÕQWRSOXPGDNLHúLWVL]NRQXPXQXQ
J|VWHUJHOHULGLU g]JUON YH HúLWOLNOH LOJLOL JHQHO OLEHUDO LONHOHU NDGÕQODU LoLQGH
uyguODQPDOÕGÕU µ¶HúLW KDNODU¶¶ WDOHEL \D GD µ¶UHIRUPFX¶¶ IHPLQL]P VL\DVDO
WHUFPHVLQL \DVDODUÕ GH÷LúWLUPH oDEDODUÕQGD HúLW IÕUVDWODU LoLQ \DSÕODQ H\OHP
SURJUDPODUÕQGDYHNDGÕQODUÕJHOHQHNVHOROPD\DQUROOHUYHPHVOHNOHUH\|QOHQGLUHQYH
53
a.g.m.
54
a.g.m.
55
a.g.m., s.61.
56
øPDQoHUa.g.e., s.24.
57
.D\SDNR÷OXa.g.e., s.52.
509
RQODUGDQ LNWLGDUÕ HOH JHoLUPHN ]HUH HULO QLWHOLNOHULQL JHOLúWLUPHOHULQL LVWH\HQ

WHúYLNOHUGHEXODQLONHOHULQGL÷HUHWLNHWOHULGLU 58 Süleyman irvan s. 369
.DGÕQODUÕQ]LKQL\HWJHOLúLPLYHH÷LWLPLQHYXUJX\DSDQOLEHUDOIHPLQLVWIHOVHIHQLQLON
temsilcisi olan Mary Wollstonecraft, bLUH\LQ VDKLS ROGX÷X ]LKLQVHO NDSDVLWH
|]HOOL÷LQL YXUJXODU YH VDKLS ROXQDQ SRWDQVL\HO NDSDVLWH DoÕVÕQGDQ LQVDQODU DUDVÕQGD
KHUKDQJL ELU IDUNOÕOÕ÷ÕQ ROPDGÕ÷Õ J|UúQ GLOH JHWLULU 9XUJXODQPDVÕ YH ]HULQGH
GXUXOPDVÕJHUHNHQQRNWDQÕQH÷LWLPGHNLIÕUVDWHúLWOL÷LROGX÷XQXVDYXQXU(úLWH÷LWLP
LPNDQODUÕQÕQHUNHNYHNDGÕQDUDVÕQGDNLHúLWVL]OL÷LJLGHUHFH÷L]HULQGHGXUXU/LEHUDO
IHPLQLVW NXUDP WDP RODUDN NDGÕQÕQ |]JUO÷H NDYXúPDVÕQÕ HNRQRPLN RODUDN
HUNHNWHQ ED÷ÕPVÕ]ODúPDVÕQD YH RQXQOD HúLW KDNODUD VDKLS ROPDVÕQD ED÷OÕ ROGX÷XQX
VDYXQXU %X QHGHQOH OLEHUDO J|UúH J|UH NÕ] YH HUNHN oRFXNODU D\UÕP
J|]HWLOPHNVL]LQ D\QÕ H÷LWLP LPNDQODUÕQGDQ HúLW RODUDN \DUDUODQDELOPHOLGLUOHU *O
DNWDúV
&LQVL\HW URO VWUHRWLSOHUL FLQVL\HWH X\JXQ GDYUDQÕú UHoHWHOHUL GÕú J|UQú LOgiler,
\HWHQHNOHU YH NHQGLQL NDYUD\ÕúODU OLEHUDO IHPLQLVW PHG\D o|]POHPHVLQLQ
PHUNH]LQGH \HU DOPDNWDGÕU dRN VD\ÕGDNL QLFHO LoHULN o|]POHPHVL NDGÕQODUÕQ
PHG\DGDQDGLUHQJ|UQG÷QRUWD\DNR\PXúWXU PHG\DGDJ|UQGNOHULQGH \DHú
DQQH HYODW NÕ] DUNDGDú RODUDN \D JHOHQHNVHO NDGÕQ PHVOHNOHULQGH VHNUHWHU
KHPúLUH NDEXO J|UHYOLVL YE oDOÕúÕUNHQ \D GD VHNV REMHVL ELoLPLQGH
J|VWHULOPHNWHGLUOHU 'DKDVÕ JHQHOOLNOH JHQo YH J]HOGLUOHU DQFDN oRN L\L H÷LWLP
DOPDPÕúODUGÕU 0HG\D YH DLOH oRFXNODUD |]HOOLNle kendilerine uygun cinsiyet
UROOHULQL |÷UHWPHNWH YH X\JXQ GDYUDQÕúODU NDUúÕOÕ÷ÕQGD RQODUÕ VLPJHVHO RODUDN
|GOOHQGLUPHNWHGLU 0HG\DQÕQ FLQVL\HW UROOHUL\OH LOJLOL VWHUHRWLSOHUL VUHNOL
NXOODQPDVÕQÕQ EX VWHUHRWLSOHULQ HJHPHQ WRSOXPVDO GH÷HUOHUL \DQVÕWPDVÕndan ve
HUNHN PHG\D \DSÕPFÕODUÕQÕQ GD VWHUHRWLSOHUGHQ HWNLOHQPHVLQGHQ ND\QDNODQGÕ÷Õ
GúQOPHNWHGLU
/LEHUDO IHPLQL]PLQ |QHUGL÷L o|]POHU LNL SDUoDOÕGÕU NDGÕQODU WRSOXPGD GDKD HúLW
RQXPODUÕ HOGH HWPHOL HUNHN HJHPHQ DODQODUD JLUPHOL YH Jo ND]DQPDOÕGÕUODr. Ama
PHG\DGD GDKD oRN NDGÕQÕ YH HUNH÷L JHOHQHNVHO ROPD\DQ UROOHUGH J|VWHUHUHN YH
FLQVL\HWD\UÕPFÕROPD\DQELUGLONXOODQDUDNGH÷LúLPHNDWNÕGDEXOXQPDOÕGÕU 59
.DGÕQODU LoLQ URO GH÷LúLPL ]HULQGHNL YXUJX \HQL ELU VWHUHRWLS RODQ µ¶VSHUNDGÕQ¶¶Õ
\DUDWPÕúWÕU NL EX OLEHUDO IHPLQL]PLQ WDOHSOHULQH WLFDUL NOWUQ YHUGL÷L ELU \DQÕWWÕU
.DGÕQ GHUJLOHUL YH UHNODPODU NDGÕQÕ ED÷ÕPVÕ] YH NHQGLQGHQ HPLQ ELU Lú NDGÕQÕ
EDúDUÕOÕ ELU Hú YH DQQH RODUDN J|VWHUPHNWHGLU %X NDGÕQ KDOD J]HOGLU YH JHQo
NÕ]OÕ÷ÕQGDVDKLSROGX÷XNXVXUVX]EHGHQ|OoOHULQLNRUXPDNWDGÕU%XLPDMDX\JXQELU
\DúDPVUPH\HoDEDOD\DQJHUoHNNDGÕQODUFLGGLEXQDOÕPODUDJLUPHNWHGLUOHU 60
6RQXoWD D\GÕQODQPDFÕ IHPLQLVW WHRULGH ED]Õ WHPHO SUREOHPOHU YDUGÕU %XQODUÕQ

ELULQFLVL OLEHUDO o|]POHPHQLQ |]HO DODQÕ GRNXQPDGDQ EÕUDNPÕú ROPDVÕGÕU
58
6OH\PDQøUYDQMedya Kültür SiyasetE$QNDUD3KDUPDNRQ<D\ÕQHYLV
59
.D\SDNR÷OXa.g.e., s.54.
60
a.g.e.
510
Bahar2017/1
.DGÕQODUÕQ HUNHNOHUH ED÷ÕPOÕOÕNODUÕQD DWDHUNLO \D GD HUNH÷H KL]PHW HGHQ H÷LWLP
VLVWHPLQH YH WRSOXPVDO NXUXPODUD NDUúÕ ELU VÕQÕI RODUDN QLWHOH\HQ ELUoRN OLEHUDO
IHPLQLVW UDGLNDO IHPLQLVW GXUXúD GR÷UX ND\PÕúWÕU 61 Liberal femiQLVWOHU WDUDIÕQGDQ
VRQXoVX]EÕUDNÕODQELUVRUXGDNDGÕQYHHUNHNDUDVÕQGDNLUXKVDOYHDKODNL\HWHQHNOHU
DoÕVÕQGDQ JHUoHNWHQ IDUNÕQ ROXS ROPDGÕ÷ÕGÕU %D]Õ OLEHUDOOHU JHQHO RODUDN YDU RODQ
IDUNODUÕQ NoN ROGX÷XQX YH LoLQGH EXOXQXODQ NRúXOODU VRQXFX ROXúWX÷Xnu
savunurlar. 62
5$'ø.$/)(0ø1ø=0
5DGLNDO IHPLQL]P NDGÕQODUÕQ V|PUOPHVL YH EDVÕ DOWÕQGD WXWXOPDVÕQÕQ WHPHO

QHGHQLQL NDGÕQODUOD HUNHNOHU DUDVÕQGDNL EL\RORMLN IDUNOÕOÕNWD J|UHQ ELU NXUDPGÕU
.DGÕQÕQ EDVNÕ DOWÕQGD ROPDVÕ YH NDGÕQ HUNHN DUDVÕQGDNL oHOLúNLQL WHPHOGH DLOH
NXUXPXQGDQWUHGL÷LQLVDYXQXU5DGLNDOIHPLQLVWOHUDUDVÕQGDJHQLú|OoGHNXUDPVDO
GúQFHOHUROXúWXUPXúRODQODU.DWHPLOOHWWLOH6KXODPLWK)LUHVWRQH¶GXU 63
Kate Millett’e göre aile gençleri ataerkil ideolojini rol, mizaç ve statü kategorilerince
|QJ|UOHQ WXUXPODU LoLQGH WRSOXPVDOODúWÕUÕU $LOH DWDHUNLO G]HQ LoLQGH NDGÕQODUÕ
HUNHNOHUHKL]PHWHWPH\HYHEXKL]PHWHWPHUROQNDEXOHWPH\HúDUWODQGÕUDQHUNHN
HJHPHQ LGHRORMLVLQLQ \HQLGHQ UHWLOPHVLQL VD÷OD\DQ NXUXP RODUDN J|UOU %X
nedenle aile kurumunu radikal feministler ret eder. Shulamith Firestone ise
NDGÕQODUÕQ EDVNÕ DOWÕQGD WXWXOPDODUÕQÕQ WHPHOLQGH EL\RORMLN FLQVL\HW IDUNOÕOÕNODUÕQÕQ
\DWWÕ÷ÕQÕ V|\OHU .DGÕQODU GR÷XP YH DQQHOLN UROOHUL LOH VÕQÕUODQÕU )LUHVWRQH EXQD
çözüm olarak tHNQRORML\L NDGÕQODUÕQ EL\RORMLN NDGHUOHULQGHQ NXUWXOPDN LoLQ
NXOODQPDNJHUHNWL÷LQLGúQU 64
5DGLNDO IHPLQLVW DNÕPÕQ VDYXQGX÷X UHPH WHNQRORMLOHUL DWDHUNLO VLVWHPH NDUúÕ

oÕNPDN DQODPÕQGD WDOHS HGLOLUNHQ GL÷HU \DQGDQ WP \DúDPDPÕ]Õ HWNLOH\HQ
postmodern VUHoµKHUNDGÕQÕQGR÷XUDELOLU¶¶ROPDVÕLoLQ\HQLUHPHWHNQRORMLOHULLOH
LNWLGDUÕ\HQLGHQROXúWXUPDNWDGÕU<HQLUHPHWHNQRORMLOHULoRFXNVDKLELROPD\DQODUÕ
oRFXN VDKLEL \DSDUNHQ KDVWDOÕNOÕ JHQOHUL \RN HGLS VD÷OÕNOÕ QHVLOOHU YDGHWPHNWHGLU
$\QÕ ELoLPGH GR÷DO ELU VUHo RODQ DQQH ROPD LVWHGL÷LQL WHNQRORMLN NRQWURO DOWÕQGD
\HULQH JHWLUPH\H oDOÕúDQ WÕS ELOLPL µ¶ELU NDGÕQ DQQH ROPDN LVWL\RUVD DNDQ VXODU
GXUXU¶¶DQOD\ÕúÕLOHDWDHUNLOVLVWHPL\HQLGHQUHWPHNWHGLU 65
5DGLNDOIHPLQLVWOHUNDGÕQODUÕQEHGHQOHUL]HULQGHNLKHUWUONRQWUROQNDGÕQODUDDLW
ROGX÷XQXYXUJXOD\DUDNFLQVHOOL÷LKHWHURVHNVHOOL÷LYHNDGÕQEHGHQLQLRGD÷DDODUDN
µ¶EHGHQLPL] EL]LPGLU¶¶ VORJDQÕ\OD NDGÕQOÕN NDOÕSODUÕQD NDUúÕ oÕNPÕúODUGÕU 66 Radikal
61
øPDQoHUa.g.e., s.26
62
a.g.e., s.27.
63
a.g.e., s.32.
64
a.g.e.
65
g]OHP7UNGR÷DQµ¶$QD$NÕP0HG\DGD$QQHOLN0LWL¶¶.DGÕQ$UDúWÕUPDODUÕ'HUJLVL, Y.2, S.13
(2013), s.44.
66
511
feministlere göre, kendi bedeni üzerindeki denetime sahip olmayan ve onu kontrol
HGHPH\HQKLoELUNDGÕQ|]JUGH÷LOGLU 67
5DGLNDOIHPLQLVWOHULoLQSDWUL\DUNLHUNHNGQ\DVÕLOHNDGÕQGQ\DVÕQÕNHVLQoL]JLOHUOH
D\ÕUÕUNHQ HUNHN GQ\DVÕQÕ UHWLP NDGÕQ GQ\DVÕQÕ LVH \HQLGHQ UHWLP VUHFLQ
ED÷ODPÕúWÕU 3DWUL\DUNDO LGHRORML HUNHNOHUL VRV\DOOHúPH VUHFLQH KDUHNHWOLOLN Jo
LQVL\DWLI UHWLP YH UDV\RQDOLWH JLEL QLWHOLNOHUOH GRQDWÕUNHQ NDGÕQODUD GD HY LúOHUL
oRFXNGR÷XPXYHEDNÕPÕLOHHUNH÷LQFLQVHOREMHVLROPDVÕQÕ\NOHPLúWLU%XLGHRORML
D\QÕ]DPDQGDNDGÕQGDµ¶XWDQPD¶¶YHµ¶QDPXV¶¶JLELNDYUDPODUÕWDNWLNOLELUELoLPGH
JHOLúWLUHUHNNDGÕQODUÕHUNHNVLNOWUOHULQELUDOW|÷HVLKDOLQHJHWLUPLúWLU 68
5DGLNDOIHPLQL]PGHPHG\DoDOÕúPDODUÕQÕQWHPHORGDNQRNWDVÕSRUQRJUDIL]HULQHGLU
ve oldukça polemik içeren bir GLO NXOODQÕOÕU µ¶SRUQRJUDIL YDUGÕU oQN HUNHNOHU
NDGÕQODUÕKRUJ|UPHNWHGLUOHUHUNHNOHUNDGÕQODUÕKRUJ|UPHNWHGLUOHUoQNSRUQRJUDIL
YDUGÕU¶ ¶HUNHNOHULQ NDGÕQODUD \|QHOLN GDYUDQÕúODUÕQÕ YH NDGÕQODUÕQ NHQGLOHUL
KDNNÕQGDNL DOJÕODPDODUÕQÕ PHG\DQÕQ HWNLOHPe gücü, radikal feminist medya
o|]POHPHOHULQGH WDUWÕúPD GÕúÕGÕU¶¶ 69$UDúWÕUPDFÕODU PHG\DQÕQ KHUKDQJL ELU
NRQXGDNLWXWXPX\ODEHOOLELUH\OHPDUDVÕQGDGR÷UXGDQELUED÷ODQWÕ\ÕNDQÕWOD\DPDPÕú
RODELOLUOHU DQFDN PHG\DGDNL oDUSÕWPDQÕQ JHQHO D\UÕPFÕOÕN LNOLPLQH YH NDGÕQODUÕQ
KRUODQPDVÕQDNDWNÕGDEXOXQGX÷XNRQXVXQGDúSKH\RNWXU‘’ 70
0HG\D HUNHN SDWURQODUÕQ YH \DSÕPFÕODUÕQ HOOHULQGH ROGX÷X LoLQ DWDHUNLO WRSOXPXQ
oÕNDUODUÕ GR÷UXOWXVXQGD LúOH\HFHNWLU 5DGLNDO IHPLQL]PLQ PHG\D VWUDWHMLOHUL oRN
DoÕNWÕU NDGÕQODU NHQGL LOHWLúLP DUDoODUÕQÕ \DUDWPDOÕGÕUODU 71 %DVÕQGD YH J|UVHO
medyadaki WHNQRORMLN JHOLúPHOHU IHPLQLVW NLWDSODU GHUJLOHU UDG\R WHOHYL]\RQ
SURJUDPODUÕ YLGHR YH ILOP JUXSODUÕQÕQ oR÷DOPDVÕQÕ PPNQ KDOH JHWLUPLúWLU %X
JHOLúPHOHUROPDVD\GÕELUoRNIHPLQLVWGúQFHNDPXVDODODQDWDúÕQDPD\DFDNWÕdR÷X
radikal feminist medya, genHOOLNOH NDU HWPH JGV WDúÕPDGDQ oDOÕúDQ YH VRV\DO
VRUXPOXOXNODUÕ SD\ODúDQ J|QOOOHUFH UHWLOPHNWHGLU 5DGLNDO IHPLQLVW PDQWÕNWD
KL\HUDUúLOHUH \HU \RNWXU EXQODUÕ HULO WRSOXPXQ ELU VDSNÕQOÕ÷Õ ROGX÷X GúQOU
.DWNÕODULVLPVL]GLU\DGDVDGHFHLONLVLPOHUOHLP]DODQÕUODUoQNWPNDGÕQODUÕQD\QÕ
WUDWDHUNLOEDVNÕ\ÕSD\ODúWÕNODUÕYDUVD\ÕOPDNWDGÕU 72
.h/7h5(/)(0ø1ø=0
.OWUHO IHPLQL]PH J|UH NDGÕQODUD LOLúNLQ NOWUHO WDQÕPODPDODU EL\RORMLN

IDUNOÕOÕNODUGDQ |WH WRSOXPVDO oHYUHQLQ UQGU YH NDGÕQODUD LOLúNLQ JHOHQHNVHO
GH÷HUOHU VLVWHPL |]HO DODQGDQ EDúOD\DUDN NDPXVDO DODQD GR÷UX \D\ÕOÕU (÷HU GXUXP
E|\OH\VH R ]DPDQ NDGÕQDNÕ] oRFXNODUÕQD YH GROD\ÕVÕ\OD HUNH÷H DWIHWWL÷LPL]
|]HOOLNOHU GH÷LúHELOLU RODUDN J|UOPHOLGLU .OWUHO IHPLQL]P NOWUQ PDVNOHn
67
a.g.e., s.25.
68
$NWDúa.g.m., s. 63.
69
øUYDQa.g.e., s. 371.
70
a.g.e., s. 372.
71
Kaypakkaya,a.g.e., s. 55.
72
a.g.e., s. 56.
512
Bahar2017/1
NLPOL÷LQH HN RODUDN IHPLQHQ NLPOL÷LQLQ YDUOÕ÷ÕQÕ RUWD\D NR\PD\Õ YH NOWUQ
FLQVL\HWVL]OHúWLUHELOPHVLQL KHGHIOHU %X WHRUL\L VDYXQDQODU NDGÕQODUÕQ WRSOXPGDNL
LNLQFLO YH EDVNÕ J|UHQ NRQXPXQXQ WRSOXPXQ NOWU \DSÕVÕQD J|UH WHPHOOHQGL÷LQL
GúQGNOHULQGHQ NOWUQ NDGÕQÕ QHGHQ EX úHNLOGH NRQXPODQGÕUGÕ÷ÕQÕ YH EX
WDQÕPODPDODUÕQQDVÕOG|QúWUHELOHFH÷LQLDoÕNODPD\DoDOÕúÕUODU 73
)DUNOÕOÕN NOWUQ |QH oÕNDUDN NOWUHO IHPLQLVWOHU NDGÕQÕ FLQVL\HWLQGHQ GROD\Õ

WRSOXPVDO \DúDPGDNL LNWLGDU YH Jo DODQÕQÕQ GÕúÕQD LWLOHUHN LNWLGDUÕQ NHQGLQH
GD\DWWÕ÷Õ ELULQFLO DODQODU RODQ DLOH FLQVHOOLN GLQ JLEL NXUXPODUÕ GHúLIUH HGHUHN
DOWHUQDWLI \DSÕODU \DUDWPD\Õ GúQUOHU *HUL SODQGD DQDHUNLO WRSOXPX \FHOWHQ
NOWUHO IHPLQL]P |]JYHQ NHQGL JHUoHNOHULQL NHúIHWPH \HWHQHNOHULQL JHOLúWLUPH
NDGÕQ GD\DQÕúPDVÕ NDGÕQOÕN NXYYHWL NDGÕQOÕN VH]JLVL JLEL NDYUDPODUÕ NDGÕQODU
OHKLQH G|QúWUHUHN WRSOXPVDO \DúDPÕ \HQLGHQ úHNLOOHQGLUPH\L KHGHIOHPLúWLU
.OWUHO IHPLQLVWOHUFH NDGÕQ EHGHQL ROXPODQDUDN HOH DOÕQPÕú YH NDGÕQÕQ |]JUO÷
iOHWRSOXPVDOL\LOHúPHDUDVÕQGDED÷NXUXOPXúWXU 74
.OWUHO IHPLQL]P NXUDPÕQÕ VDYXQDQODU OLEHUDO IHPLQL]PLQ HOHúWLUHO GúQPH YH

NHQGLQL JHOLúWLUPHQLQ NDEXO HWPH\H GHYDP HGHUOHUNHQ KD\DWÕQ DNÕOGÕúÕ VH]JLVHO YH
JHQHOOLNOH NROHNWLI \|QQ YXUJXODU .DGÕQODUOD HUNHNOHU DUDVÕQGDNL EHQ]HUOLNOHUL
YXUJXODPDN \HULQH JHQHOOLNOH NDGÕQOÕN QLWHOLNOHULQLQ IDUNOÕOÕNODUÕ ]HULQGH
dururlar. 75
.OWUHO IHPLQLVW NXUDPFÕODUD J|UH DLOH LOLúNLOHULQH LOLúNLQ NRQXODU HULO EDNÕú
DoÕVÕQGDQ G]HQOHQPLúWLU .DGÕQÕQ HUNHN KLPD\HVLQGH LQVDQFD JHOLúPHVL
HQJHOOHQPLúWLU %X GXUXPD VRQ YHUPHN LoLQ HY KD\DWÕQGD UDGLNDO GH÷LúLNOLNOHU
JHUHNLU$WDHUNLOEDNÕúDoÕVÕQÕQEDVNÕFÕ\ÕNÕFÕYHVDYDúoÕGH÷HUOHUL\HULQHNDGÕQODUÕQ
ROXPOX EDNÕú DoÕODUÕ ELU NH] GDKD \|QHWLPLQ NDPXVDO JFQH YH GLQH NDWÕOPDOÕGÕU
%DEDODUÕQ HY KD\DWÕQD NDWÕOÕPÕ LOH |]HO DODQÕQ ]HQJLQOHúHFH÷LQL YH NDPXVDO DODQÕQ
DQQHOHULQYDUOÕ÷ÕLOH\NVHOHFH÷LQL|QHVUHUOHU 76
.OWUHO IHPLQLVWOHUH J|UH NDGÕQODUÕQ D\GÕQODQPD G|QHPLQH NDGDU DNOL oDOÕúPDODUD

GDKLO HGLOPHPHOHUL YH HY LúOHrini idame ettirecek biçimde ve dine göre temellene
WRSOXPVDO LúE|OP oHUoHYHVLQGH H÷LWLOPHOHUL µ¶|WHNLOLN¶¶ NRQXPXQX
SHNLúWLUPHNWHGLU%X\]GHQNOWUHOIHPLQLVWOHUNDGÕQODUÕQH÷LWLPDODUDNWRSOXPVDO
\DSÕGDHWNLQURODOPDODUÕQÕQWRSOXPXGH÷LúWLUPH\LVD÷OD\DFD÷ÕQÕGúQUOHU 77
0$5.6ø67)(0ø1ø=0
6RV\DOLVW IHPLQL]P 0DU[¶ÕQ oDWÕúPD WHRULVLQGHQ JHOLúPLúWLU (QJHOV DWDHUNLOOL÷LQ

N|NOHULQLQ |]HO PONL\HWWH ROGX÷XQX YH E|\OHOLNOH NDSLWDOL]PLQ D] VD\ÕGD HUNH÷LQ
HOLQGH UHIDK YH JF WRSODQPDVÕQÕ VD÷OD\DUDN DWDHUNLOOL÷L \R÷XQODúWÕUGÕ÷ÕQÕ LOHUL
73
$NWDúa.g.m.,s. 65.
74
75
øPDQoHU, a.g.e., s. 27.
76
a.g.e
77
$NWDúa.g.m., s. 66.
513
VUPúWU6RV\DOLVWIHPLQLVWOHUVÕQÕIHVDVOÕVRV\DOVLVWHPLoHULVLQGH\DSÕVDOELU|÷H
RODUDN HúLWVL]OL÷LQ NDGÕQ ]HULQGHNL EDVNÕVÕQÕ YXUJXODUODU .DGÕQODU ]HULQGHNL EX
EDVNÕ IDUNOÕ ÕUNODU YH HQJHOOLOHUH \|QHOLN GL÷HU EDVNÕ ELoLPOHUL\OH HWNLOHúLP
içindedir. 78
g]HOOLNOH NDGÕQODUÕQ ELOLQoOHULQLQ \NVHOWLOPHVLQGH 0DUNVLVW WDULKVHO PDWHU\DOLVW

J|UúOHULQHWNLVLNXúNXJ|WUPH]ELUROJXGXU%XJ|UúNOWUYHWRSOXPXQN|NOHULQL
PDGGL YH HNRQRPLN NRúXOODUGD \DWWÕ÷ÕQÕ Vavunan maddeci bir determinizm
GúQFHVLQH GD\DQÕU (QJHOV LVH 0DUNV¶ÕQ J|UúQ ú|\OH WHPHOOHQGLULU WDULKVHO
JHOLúLPVUHFLQGHLONHOWRSOXPODUGDNDGÕQYHHUNH÷LQLúE|OPYDUGÕUIDNDWFLQVL\HW
X]ODúPD]OÕ÷ÕQÕQ EXOXQPDGÕ÷ÕQÕ VDYXQPDNWDGÕU øONHO WRSOXPGD ev içindeki üretim
DUDoODUÕNDGÕQODUÕQHYGÕúÕQGDNLOHUGHHUNHNOHULQGHQHWLPLQGH\GL'DKDVRQUD(QJHOV
UHWLPLQ HY GÕúÕQGD \R÷XQODúWÕ÷ÕQÕ V|\OHU E\NEDú KD\YDQFÕOÕN PDGHQ
LúOHWPHFLOL÷LGRNXPDFÕOÕNYVJHOLúPHVL HUNHNOHULQDODQÕQGDNLHPHNUHWNHQOL÷inde
J|UOHQ EX VHUYHW RODUDN HGLQLOHELOHFHN ELU ID]ODQÕQ \DUDWÕOPDVÕQD \RO DoWÕ EX GD
HUNH÷LQNDGÕQ]HULQGH\HQLELUHNRQRPLNJoHOGHHWPHVLQLVD÷ODGÕ 79
0DUNVLVW WHRUL\H J|UH NDGÕQÕ HNRQRPLN DQODPGD HUNH÷H ED÷ÕPOÕ KDOH JHOPHVL RQX
GL÷HU VRV\DO DODQODUGD GD HUNH÷H ED÷ÕPOÕ KDOH JHWLUPLúWLU .DGÕQÕQ ED÷ÕPOÕ \DúDPÕ
RQXµ¶LNLQFLFLQV¶¶RODUDNEHOLUOH\HQWHPHNIDNW|UGUg]HOOLNOHHYYHDLOH\HED÷ÕPOÕ
olarak yDúDPDNWD RODQ NDGÕQ |]HO KD\DWD NDSDWÕODUDN NDPXVDO DODQGDQ ELOHUHN
X]DNODúWÕUÕOPÕúWÕU 0DUNVLVW IHPLQLVWOHU LoLQ NDGÕQÕQ NDPXVDO DODQD oÕNÕúÕQÕ
HQJHOOH\HQ HQ |QHPOL IDNW|U NDPXVDO YH |]HO DODQ D\UÕPÕQD J|UH GL]D\Q HGLOHQ
modern kentlerdir. Ekonomik e sRV\DO DNWLYLWHOHU RODQ H÷LWLP WLFDUHW UHWLP JLEL
HWNLQOLNOHULQKHSVLDLOHGHQNRSDUÕOPÕúYHDLOH\HX]DN\HUOHUGHNXUXPVDOODúPÕúODUGÕU
0RGHUQ úHKLUOHULQ SODQODPDVÕ\VD NDGÕQODUÕQ EXUDODUD XODúPDVÕQD PVDDGH
etmemektedir. 80
dR÷X VRV\DOLVW IHPLQLVWH J|UH VRUXQ JHQHOGH WRSOXPXQ GH÷LO |]HOGH NDSLWDOL]PLQ
\HQLGHQ UHWLPLGLU .DGÕQODUÕQ V|PUOPHVL NDSLWDOL]PLQ NDU VD÷ODPD GUWV YH
NHQGLQL\HQLGHQUHWPH\H\|QHOLNLKWL\DFÕ\ODLOLQWLOLGLUGL÷HUELUGH\LúOHLúJFQQ
FLQVL\HWH GD\DOÕ E|OPOHQPHVLQH YH HY NDGÕQODUÕQÕQ H]LOPHVLQH \RO DoDQ EDVNÕODUOD
ED÷ODQWÕOÕGÕU 81
7h5.ø<(¶'()(0ø1ø67d$/,ù0$/$5
7DULKLQVUHNOLOLNOHU YH NRSXúODUÕQELUOLNWHOL÷LRODUDNNDYUDQPDVÕELUD] NOLúHOHúPLú

ELUDoÕNODPDROVDGDJHoHUOLOL÷LQLNRUX\RU.OWULGHRORMLYHJHQHORODUDk zihniyet
GQ\DVÕV|]NRQXVXROGX÷XQGDLVHVUHNOLOLNOHU|]HOOLNOH|QHPND]DQÕ\RU%XDoÕGDQ
EDNÕOGÕ÷ÕQGD&XPKXUL\HW7UNL\H¶VLQGHKHPIHPLQL]PLQKHPGHDQWL-feminizmin,
78
6HYGD'HPLUELOHNµ¶&LQVL\HW$\UÕPFÕOÕ÷ÕQÕ6RV\RORMLN$oÕGDQøQFHOHQPHVL¶¶Finans Politik Ekonomik
Yorumlar Dergisi. S. 511., (Eylül 2007), s. 10.
79
øPDQoHU, a.g.e., s. 28.
80
$NWDúa.g.m., s. 64
81
Connell, a.g.e., s. 63.
514
Bahar2017/1
2VPDQOÕ¶ QÕQ PLUDVÕQÕ JoO ELU úHNLOGH \DQVÕWWÕ÷ÕQÕ V|\OH\HELOLUL] hVWHOLN EX
yDOQÕ]FD]LKQL\HWDoÕVÕQGDQGH÷LOGDKD\DSÕVDO|]HOOLNOHUDoÕVÕQGDQGDJHoHUOLGLU 82
2VPDQOÕøPSDUDWRUOX÷XQGD \LUPLQFL \]\ÕOD NDGDUNDGÕQODUNDPXVDODODQGD|UWYH

KDUHPROJXVXLOHWHFULWHGLOPLúWLU0LUDVKXNXNXQGDLVHHUNH÷LQ\DUÕVÕNDGDUPONL\HW
KDNNÕQDVDKLSWLU.DGÕQODUKXNXNXQYHJ|UHQHNOHULQVÕQÕUODGÕ÷ÕDODQLoLQGH]HYFHOLN
özellikle de dinsel olarak yüceltilen annelik rolleri sayesinde otorite ve etki
X\JXODPDRODQD÷ÕQDVDKLSWLU 83
øVODP KXNXNXQXQ JHoHUOL ROGX÷X EWQ WRSOXPODU JLEL 2VPDQOÕ¶ GD da, kentsel
PHNDQ FLQVL\HWH J|UH oRN NHVNLQ ELoLPGH D\UÕOPÕú GXUXPGD\GÕ YH 7DQ]LPDW
G|QHPLQHGHNNDGÕQODUÕ NRQXDODQ X\DUÕ YH \DVDNODPDODUÕQ|QFHOLNOH JL\LP-NXúDP
YHNDGÕQODUÕQJH]LQWL\HUOHULQGHNLDOÕúYHULúVÕUDVÕQGDNLYEGDYUDQÕúODUÕQÕG]HQOH\HQ
oldX÷X J|UQPHNWH\GL D\QÕ WU NÕVÕWODPDODUÕQ 7DQ]LPDW VRQUDVÕQGD oÕNDUÕODQ
\DVDODUGD GD YDUOÕ÷ÕQÕ VUGUG÷Q ELOL\RUX] %X NDGÕQÕ µ¶PDKUHP¶¶ VD\DQ YH
GROD\ÕVÕ\OD GD NDPXVDO DODQGDNL YDUOÕ÷ÕQÕ µ¶]RUXQOXOXN¶¶ KDOOHUL\OH VÕQÕUOD\DQ
HQJHOOHPHGL÷LGXUXPODUGDGDNDWÕELUELoLPGHGHQHWOHPH\HoDOÕúDQELUDQOD\ÕúWÕU 84
7DQ]LPDW G|QHPL YH DUNDVÕQGDQ JHOHQ ,, 0HúUXWL\HW G|QHPLQGH PRGHUQOHúPHFL

HUNHNOHU IDUNOÕ QRNWDODUGDQ EDNDUDN KD\DOOHULQGHNL PRGHUQ WRSOXPGD ROPDVÕQÕ
DU]XODGÕNODUÕNDGÕQWLSOHULYHDLOHPRGHOOHULKDNNÕQGDJ|UúOHULQL\D]DUNHQ|QHPOLELU
NDPXVDOWDUWÕúPDDODQÕ\DUDWPÕúODU+HPHQKHSVL2VPDQOÕWRSOXPXQXQPRGHUQOHúHQ
H÷LWLPYHVRV\DONXUXPODUÕQGDQ\DUDUODQDQHUNHNOHULQXODúWÕ÷ÕJHOLúLPG]H\LQH– ki
EXQD oR÷XQOXNOD PHGHQL\HW GL\RUODU- NDGÕQODUÕQGD D\QÕ úHNLOGH XODúPDVÕQÕ
HQJHOOH\HQNRúXOODUROGX÷XQXJ|UHUHNHUNHNOHUHNÕ\DVODNDGÕQODUÕQFLGGL|OoGHJHUL
NDOGÕNODUÕQÕ YXUJXOX\RU YH PRGHUQOHúHQ GQ\D\D HUNHNOHU JLEL D\DN
X\GXUDPDGÕNODUÕQÕJ|UHUHNEXQDo|]P|QHUPH\HoDOÕúÕ\RUODU 85
.DGÕQKDNODUÕEXG|QHPGHVDOWNDGÕQÕQLNLQFLFLQVRODUDNH]LOPLúOL÷LGúQFHVLQGHQ
KDUHNHWOHWDUWÕúÕOPDPÕúWÕUELODNLVONHQLQNDONÕQPDVÕQGDJHUHNOLOL÷LQHLQDQÕOGÕ÷ÕLoLQ
PLOOL PHVHOH RODUDN J|UOPúWU %XQXQ NDUúÕOÕ÷ÕQGD NDGÕQÕ WRSOXP KD\DWÕQGD
J|UQUNÕOÕQPDVÕDKODNLGHMHQHUDV\RQD\RODoDFD÷ÕGúQFHVL\D\JÕQGÕU 86
,, PHúUXWL\HWG|QHPLQGH NDGÕQÕQH÷LWLPHoDOÕúPD KD\DWÕQDNDWÕOPDVÕ\ODGHUQHNOHU

NXUPDVÕ\OD NDGÕQÕQ PDKUHP GQ\DVÕQÕ EHOLUOH\HQ- |UWQPH GÕúDUÕ oÕNDPDPD JLEL-
VLPJHOHU \DUD DOPÕúWÕU .DGÕQODU WRSOXPVDO \DúDPD NDWÕOGÕNoD NHQWVHO PHNDQODUGD
görünürlük kD]DQGÕNoDUDKDWVÕ]OÕNODUÕEHUDEHULQGHJHWLUPLúVRUXQODUVL\DVLWDUWÕúPD
NRQXVXROPXúWXU 87
82
Fatmagül Berktay, Tarihin CinsiyetiEøVWDQEXO0HWLV<D\ÕQODUÕV
83
øPDQoHUa.g.e., s.39.
84
Berktay, a.g.e., s. 99.
85
Sancar, a.g.e., s. 84.
86
øPDQoHUa.g.e., s. 40
87
.D\SDNR÷OXa.g.e., s. 44.
515
2VPDQOÕ øPSDUDWRUOX÷X¶QXQ VRQ G|QHPLQGH NDGÕQÕ \HUL NRQXVXQGDNL WDUWÕúPDODU

&XPKXUL\HW 'HYULPL LOH EDWÕFÕ GúQFH\L EHQLPVH\HQ .HPDOLVW LGHRORMLQLQ
hakimiyet kazanmDVÕ\OD VRQD HUPLúWLU &XPKXUL\HW UHMLPL EDWÕOÕ GúQFH\L oÕNÕú
RODUDN J|UPú YH EX ED÷ODPGD WRSOXPGD NDGÕQÕQ \HULQL WDQÕPOD\DQ oHúLWOL \DVDODU
ROXúWXUPXúWXU 88
7UN PRGHUQOHúPHVLQGH NDGÕQODUD ELU \DQGDQ %DWÕOÕODúPD YH PRGHUQOHúPHQLQ

WDúÕ\ÕFÕOÕ÷ÕUROYHULOPLúGL÷HU\DQGDQGDEXUROQVÕQÕUODUÕHUNHNOHUWDUDIÕQGDQVÕNÕFD
oL]LOPLúWLU 89 &XPKXUL\HWG|QHPLµ¶NDGÕQVRUXQX¶¶QXQSDUDPHWUHOHUL,,0HúUXWL\HW¶
WHQ EDúOD\DUDN .HPDOLVW &XPKXUL\HW¶H X]DQDQ 7UN XOXVoXOX÷XQXQ |]JO WDULKVHO
NRúXOODUÕQFD úHNLOOHQPLúWLU %DWÕOÕODúPD XOXVoXOXN YH øVODP DUDVÕQGDNL JHULOLPOHU
KDODo|]OPHGL÷LJLELJQP]VL\DVDOWDUWÕúPDODUÕQGDGDPHUNH]LELUUROR\QDPD\D
GHYD HWPHNWHGLU %XUDGD VRUXQ 7UN PRGHUQOHúPHVLQLQ µ¶ELUH\¶¶ L WHPHO
DOPDPDVÕQGDQ LEDUHW GH÷LOGLU VRUXOPDVÕ JHUHNHQ VRUX µ¶ELUH\¶¶ L WHPHO DOVD\GÕ
GXUXPXQNDGÕQODUDoÕVÕQGDQIDUNOÕROXSROPD\DFD÷ÕGÕU 90
&XPKXUL\HWLQ NDPXVDO DODQGD NDGÕQ YH HUNHN HúLWOL÷L DoÕVÕQGDQ JHWLUGL÷L

\HQLOLNOHUGHQ |UWQQ WHUN HGLOPHVL ¶ WHQ LWLEDUHQ ]RUXQOX WHPHN H÷LWLPLQ
VD÷ODQPDVÕ NDGÕQODUD VHoPH YH VHoLOPH KDNNÕ ùHU¶L KXNXNXQ
NDOGÕUÕOPDVÕ YH øVYLoUH 0HGHQL .DQXQX¶QXQ EHQLPVHQPHVL \DUDUODQDQ
NDGÕQODU \LQH GH WRSOXPVDO NLPOLNOHULQL EDWÕGDNL HUNHNOH NDUúÕODúWÕUDUDN
NXUPDPÕúODUGÕU.HPDOLVWPRGHUQNDGÕQWRSOXPVDONLPOL÷LQLµ¶JHOHQHNVHO¶¶NDGÕQLOH
NDUúÕODúWÕUDUDNROXúWXUXU 91
¶ OHULQ PRGHUQOHúPH VWUDWHMLVL HUNHQ &XPKXUL\HW G|QHPLQLQ µ¶VHoNLQ

YDWDQGDúODU¶ÕWDUDIÕQGDQNXUXOPDNWDRODQµ¶PRGHUQ\DúDPWDU]Õ¶¶QÕúLPGLWRSOXPVDO
RODUDN \] \]H JHOGL÷L WDúUDGDQ E\N NHQWOHUH J|oPú µ¶VÕUDGDQ LQVDQODU¶¶ D
EHQLPVHWLOPHVL EHOOHWLOPHVL ]HULQH NXUXOXGXU '|QHP EX JHoLúL \DUDWPD
G]HQOHPH YH GLVLSOLQH HWPH G|QHPLGLU .HQWOL VHoNLQ \XUWWDú FHPDDWLQLQ \DúDP
WDU]ÕQÕQ VÕQÕUODUÕ \HQLGHQ WDQÕPODQÕU QHWOHúWLULOLU YH \Hni gelenlere gösterilir. Bir
µ¶¶PLOOL GDYD¶¶ RODQ PRGHUQ 7UN \DúDPÕQÕQ LQúDVÕ NDGÕQ YH DLOH WDUWÕúPDODUÕ
]HULQGHQ \DUDWWÕ÷Õ VWUDWHMLN G]HQOHPH DODQODUÕ LOH KHP PRGHUQ \DúDPÕ KHP GH
FLQVL\HWUHMLPLQL\HQLGHQ\DUDWPDNWDGÕU 92
1980’ lerde Türkiye’de bir kDGÕQ KDUHNHWL ROXúPXúWXU oQN VRQUDVÕ %DWÕ¶GD
JHOLúPLúIHPLQLVWDNÕPODUÕQHWNLVLYDUGÕU.HPDOLVWUHMLPOH%DWÕ¶\DDoÕOÕPÕPHúUXL\HW
YH Jo ND]DQDQ 7UN WRSOXPXQXQ %DWÕ¶GD EX GHQOL Jo ND]DQPÕú ELU DNÕPGDQ
HWNLOHQPHPHVL LPNDQVÕ]GÕU 93 $\UÕFD .HPDOLVW GHYOHWLQ \DUDWWÕ÷Õ IÕUVDW DODQÕQGDQ
\DUDUODQDELOPLúH÷LWLPJ|UPúSHNoR÷X%DWÕGLOLQLELOHQLúVDKLELHNRQRPLNJF
88
øPDQoHUa.g.e., s. 40.
89
Berktay, a.g.e., s.106.
90
a.g.e., s.107.
91
øPDQoHUV
92
Sancar, s. 236.
93
1HFOD$UDW7UNL\H¶GH.DGÕQ2OJXVX.DGÕQ*HUoH÷LQH<HQL<DNODúÕPODUEøVWDQEXO6D\<D\ÕQODUÕ
1992, s.84.
516
Bahar2017/1
RODQ YH IHPLQLVW DNÕPGDQ HWNLOHQLS 7UNL\H¶ GH IHPLQLVW KDUHNHWLQ OLGHUOL÷LQL
\DSDFDN ELU NHQWVHO NDGÕQ NHVLPL ROXúPXúWX %X NDGÕQODUGDQ ED]ÕODUÕ %DWÕ¶GDNL
IHPLQLVW KDUHNHW LoLQGH \HU DOPÕúWÕ <LQH EX NHVLPGH RO KDUHNHW LoLQGH URO DOPÕú
NDGÕQODUYDUGÕ 94
)HPLQLVWNHOLPHVLQLLONEHQLPVH\HQOHUGHQELUJUXSPHVOHNVDKLELNDGÕQ\ÕOÕQGD
KDIWDOÕN 6RPXW GHUJLVLQGH µ¶IHPLQLVW¶¶ ELU VD\ID oÕNDUPDN LoLQ WRSODQGÕODU
VRQODUÕQGD.DGÕQdHYUHVLDGÕLOHµ¶HYLoLQGHYHHYGÕúÕQGDFUHWVL]YHFUHWOLoDOÕúDQ
NDGÕQODUÕQ HPH÷LQH GD\DOÕ YH EX HPH÷L GH÷HUOHQGLUPH¶¶ DPDFÕ\OD ELU µ¶\D\ÕQFÕOÕN
KL]PHWYHGDQÕúPDQOÕN¶¶úLUNHWLNXUXOGX.DGÕQdHYUHVLDUDFÕOÕ÷Õ\ODELUNLWDSNXOE
ROXúWX)HPLQLVWNODVLNOHUoHYULOHUHN\D\JÕQODúWÕUÕOGÕ 95
7UNL\H¶ GH 2VPDQOÕ øPSDUDWRUOX÷X¶QGDQ &XPKXUL\HWH NDGDU LQWLNDO HWPLú GR÷X

EDWÕ oHOLúNLVL JQP]GH GH HWNLVLQL VUGUU %DWÕOÕ IHPLQLVW J|UúOHULQ
GR÷UXOWXVXQGD NDGÕQ KDNODUÕQÕ VDYXQDQ J|UúOHULQ \DQÕQGD øVODPFÕ oHUoHYHGH
J|UúOHUYDUOÕ÷ÕQÕHWNLQELUELoLPGHVUGUPH\HoDOÕúÕU 96
¶ OHUGHQ LWLEDUHQ 7UNL\H¶ GH J|]OHQHQ øVODPFÕ NLPOL÷H GD\DOÕ NOWUHOSROLWLN
KDUHNHW &DVWHOOV¶ LQ YH EDúND ELUoRN \D]DUÕQ LúDUHW HWWL÷L JLEL JHOHQHNWHQ
EHVOHQPHNOHELUOLNWHJHOHQHNVHOFLYHDQWLPRGHUQLVWGH÷LOROVDROVDµ¶øVODPLhoQF
'Q\DGD\DúDQDQPRGHUQOHúPHQLQ|]JOELoLPLQHSRVWPRGHUQELUWHSNL¶¶VD\ÕODELOLU
0RGHUQOHúPHQLQ %DWÕOÕODúPD DLOH D\QÕ DQODPD JHOGL÷L YH PRGHUQOHúPHQLQ
oHOLúNLOHULQH RODQ ELU WHSNLQLQ ELU µ¶NLPOLN SROLWLNDVÕ¶¶ úHNOLQL DOGÕ÷Õ ONHOHUGHQ ELUL
RODQ7UNL\H¶GHNHQGLNXUDOODUÕ\OD\DQLHVDVRODUDN|UWQHUHNNDPXVDODODQGDYDU
ROPDWDOHEL\OHøVODPFÕELUNDGÕQNLPOL÷LQL|QHoÕNDUDNKDUHNHWODLNOLN%DWÕOÕODúPa,
PRGHUQOHúPH YE HWUDIÕQGDNL WDUWÕúPDODUGD NDGÕQODUÕQ YH WRSOXPVDO FLQVL\HW
NLPOL÷LQLQ ELU NH] GDKD PHUNH]L ELU URO R\QDPDVÕQD GDKD GR÷UXVX EX UROQ L\LFH
EHOLUJLQOHúPHVLQH\RODoWÕ 97
¶OÕ\ÕOODUDJHOLQGL÷LQGHONHGHNLNDGÕQVRUXQODUÕWHúKLVHGLOPLúVRUXQODUÕQ]HULQH
VUHNOL JLWPHN JHUHNWL÷L ELOLQFLQH YDUÕOPÕúWÕU %X \ÕOODUGD 7UNL\H¶GHNL NDGÕQ
KDUHNHWL NXUXPVDOODúPD\D EDúODPÕú QLYHUVLWHOHUGH NDGÕQ DUDúWÕUPDODUÕ PHUNH]OHUL
DoÕOPÕúGHYOHWEQ\HVLQGH.DGÕQ6WDWV YH6RUXQODUÕ*HQHO0GUO÷LOH .DGÕQ
YH$LOHGHQ6RUXPOX'HYOHW%DNDQOÕ÷ÕYHNDGÕQVLYLOWROXPNXUXOXúX8oDQ6SUJH
NXUXOPXúWXU .DGÕQ KDUHNHWL NHQW PHUNH]OL ROPDNWDQ oÕNÕS WHPHOGH WRSOXPVDO
FLQVL\HWL VRUJXOD\DQ \HUHO NDGÕQ VRUXQODUÕQÕ GD JQGHPH JHWLUHQ SHN oRN VLYLO
toplum örgütleriylH ONH JHQHOLQH \D\ÕOPÕúWÕU .DGÕQODUÕQ NLPOL÷L YH EHGHQL LVH
|QFHOLNOLNRQXODUÕROXúWXUPXúWXU 98
94
a.g.e., s. 85.
95
a.g.e., s.80.
96
øPDQoHUV
97
Berktay, s. 117.
98
$VL\HùLPúHNµ¶)HPLQL]PYH8OXVODUDUDVÕøOLúNLOHU¶¶
http://akademikperspektif.com/2013/12/31/feminizm-ve-uluslararasi-iliskiler (ULúLP7DULKL
517
7UNL\H¶ GH ¶ ODUÕQ IHPLQLVW VL\DVHWL NDGÕQ EHGHQLQLQ FLQVHO GHQHWLPLQH NDUúÕ
oÕNDQ µ¶EHGHQLPL]EL]LPGLU¶¶NDGÕQD \|QHOLNúLGGHWHVHVVL]NDOÕQPDVÕQDLWLUDz eden
µ¶ED÷ÕU KHUNHV GX\VXQ¶¶ HUNHN HJHPHQOL÷LQH NDUúÕ µ¶QHGHQ VRNDNODU YH JHFHOHU
erkeklerin?’’ diye soran sloganlarla kendilerini ifade etti. 99
7UNL\H¶ GH NDGÕQ KDNODUÕ DQOD\ÕúÕQÕ úHNLOOHQGLUHQ µ¶PRGHUQOHúPHFL YHVD\HW¶¶

DQOD\ÕúÕQÕQGDKDNDSVDPOÕHOHúWLULVL¶ODUÕQUDGLNDOIHPLQLVWOHULQGHQoRNøVODPFÕ
YH .UW IHPLQLVWOHUGHQ JHOGL %X HOHúWLULOHUH J|UH PRGHUQOHúPHFL NDGÕQ KDNODUÕQÕQ
µ¶ELOLQoVL] WDúUDOÕ FDKLO NDGÕQ¶¶ GL\H GÕúODGÕ÷Õ NDGÕQODU DVOÕQGD NHQWOL RUWD VÕQÕIWDQ
ODLN\DGD7UNROPD\DQNDGÕQODUGÕ%Xµ¶PRGHUQ7NNDGÕQODUÕ¶¶QÕQNHQGLOHULQLKHU
WUO NDGÕQ DGÕQD NRQXúPD KDNNÕQD VDKLS RQODUÕ D\GÕQODWDFDN µ¶PRGHUQ NDGÕQ¶¶ODU
RODUDN J|UHUHN µ¶GL÷HU¶¶ NDGÕQODUÕQ VHVOHULQL EDVWÕUGÕNODUÕ YH ELU WU V|PUJHFL
]LKQL\HWHVDKLSROGXNODUÕV|\OHQGL 100
BaVNÕDOWÕQGDWXWXODQYHúLGGHWHPDUX]NDODQNDGÕQEHGHQLNRQXVX EHNkUHWNRQWURO
DLOH LoL úLGGHW WHFDY] YH FLQVHO WDFL] 7UNL\H¶GH ¶ODUÕQ EDúÕQGDQ EDúOD\DUDN
NDGÕQ KDUHNHWLQLQ |QFHOLNOL NRQXODUÕQGDQ ELUL ROPD\D ¶OL \ÕOODUGD GD GHYDP
HWPLúWLU$YUXSDøQVDQ+DNODUÕ0DKNHPHVL¶QLQVR\DGÕGDYDVÕQDLOLúNLQYH%0*HQHO
.XUXOX¶QXQ QDPXV VXoODUÕQD LOLúNLQ NDUDUODUÕ 7UNL\H¶GHNL NDGÕQ |UJWOHULQLQ
$YUXSD .DGÕQ /RELVL¶QH NDEXO 7UN &H]D .DQXQX¶QD NDGÕQODU OHKLQH \DSÕODQ
düzenlemeler ve yerel yönetimlere kDGÕQ VÕ÷ÕQDNODUÕ DoPD ]RUXQOXOX÷XQXQ
JHWLULOPHVLEXJHOLúPHOHUDUDVÕQGDGÕU 101
¶OL \ÕOODUGD $%'¶QLQ \HQL VDYDú SROLWLNDODUÕQÕQ 2UWDGR÷X YH $V\D¶GD \DUDWWÕ÷Õ
WHSNLOHULQHQ|QHPOLVL KHUKDOGHGQ\DQÕQ KHU \HULQGHNL 0VOPDQNLWOHOHUDUDVÕQGD
yeni bir örgüWOHQPHYHLGHRORMLN\HQLOHQPHKDUHNHWLQLQJHOLúLPLQHQHGHQROPDVÕ\GÕ
%XJHOLúLPLQ|QHPOLELUELOHúHQLGHøVODPFÕNDGÕQKDUHNHWLGL\HFH÷LPL]øVODPRGDNOÕ
ELUNDGÕQKDNODUÕKDUHNHWLQLQRUWD\DoÕNPDVÕGÕU0XKDID]DNkUGúQFHLOHVÕNÕVÕNÕ\D
HNOHPOHQPLú øVODPFÕ NXUXPODU YH VL\DVDO |UJWOHULQ VDYXQDJHOGL÷L NDGÕQODUÕQ GLúLO
J|UHYOHU YH DODQODU LoLQGH HUNHNOHUGHQ D\UÕúWÕUÕOPDVÕ YH |QFHOLNOH GH VRV\DO \DUGÕP
LúOHULQH KDVUHGLOPHVLQH GD\DOÕ UHIOHNVOHUL VRUJXOD\DQ—GDU YH VÕQÕUOÕ ELU oHYUHGH GH
olsa—NHQGLQHøVODPFÕGL\HQHWNLOLELUNDGÕQoHYUHVLQLQRUWD\DoÕNWÕ÷ÕQÕJ|U\RUX] 102
\ÕOÕQGD EDúOD\DQ $.3 KNPHWL G|QHPL NDGÕQ KDUHNHWL DoVÕQGDQ \HQL ELU
dönem oldu. AKP gibi dinci, muhafazakâr ve zaman zaman da popülist bir parti,
NDGÕQÕQLQVDQKDNODUÕQÕNRUXPD\ROXQGDED]Õ\DVDOUHIRUPODUÕQ\DSÕOGÕ÷ÕELUG|QHPLQ
KNPHWLROGXøGHRORMLVLJHUH÷LFLQVOHUDUDVÕQGDELUHúLWOLNROGX÷XQXNDEXOHWPH\HQ
ELUVL\DVLKDUHNHWLQPLUDVoÕVÕRODUDNNDGÕQHUNHNHúLWOL÷LQLGR÷UXGDQNDEXOHWPHGHQ
NDGÕQÕQLQVDQKDNODUÕ\DNODúÕPÕQÕELU|Oo\HNDGDUEHQLPVHGLED]ÕQRNWDODUÕQÕNHQGL
99
Sancar, s.302.
100
a.g.e., s.303.
101
$VL\HùLPúHNµ¶)HPLQL]PYH8OXVODUDUDVÕøOLúNLOHU¶¶
http://akademikperspektif.com/2013/12/31/feminizm-ve-uluslararasi-iliskiler (ULúLP7DULKL
102
6HUSLO6DQFDUµ¶7UNL\H¶GH.DGÕQ+DUHNHWOLOL÷LQLQ3ROLWL÷L
http://kasaum.ankara.edu.tr/files/2013/09/Serpil-Sancar-Türkiye’de-.DGÕQ-Hareketinin-3ROLWL÷LSGI
(ULúLP7DULKL V
518
Bahar2017/1
LGHRORMLVLQH J|UH G|QúWUHUHN HOH DOGÕ %X JHOLúLPLQ SHUGH DUNDVÕQGDNL PLPDUÕQÕQ
øVODPFÕGLQFL NDGÕQ|UJWOHULQLQ NHQGLDUDODUÕQGDNL JoOLúELUOLNOHULYH|]HOOLNOHGH
IHPLQLVW |UJWOHUOH \DNÕQ LGHRORMLN SROLWLN YH NOWUHO HWNLOHQPHOHU ROGX÷XQX
söyleyebiliriz. 103
%LUoRN DODQGDNL \DVDO G]HQOHPHOHUH UD÷PHQ 7UNL\H¶GH NDGÕQÕQ NRQXPXQD LOLúNLQ

oRN ID]OD VRUXQ DODQÕ YDUOÕ÷ÕQÕ VUGUPHNWHGLU 'DKD |QFHNL \ÕOODUGDQ IDUNOÕ RODUDN
VRUXQODUÕGLOOHQGLUHQJ|UQUNÕODQIHPLQLVWKDUHNHW¶ODUGDNLNXUXPVDOODúPDYH
¶OHUGH \D\JÕQ RODUDN NDUDU RUJDQODUÕQÕ HWNLOHPH YH G|QúWUPH
PHNDQL]PDODUÕ\OD JLGLúDWD PGDKDOH QRNWDVÕQGD DNWLI ELU URO R\QDPÕúWÕU <DVDO
G]HQOHPHOHULQWDNLELYHNDGÕQOHKLQHHOHúWLULVLQRNWDVÕQGDNDGÕQ SODWIRUPODUÕ\HUHO
IHPLQL]PHFDQOÕOÕNND]DQGÕUPÕúWÕU 104
SONUÇ
.DGÕQYHHUNHNEL\RORMLNDoÕGDQELUELULQGHQ IDUNOÕFLQVL\HWOHUHVDKLSROVDGDNDGÕQ
YH HUNHN ROPDQÕQ ELU GH WRSOXPVDO DQODPODUÕ PHYFXWWXU %X LNL FLQVL
GúQG÷P]GH ]LKQLPL]GH FDQODQDQ KHU WUO LPJH EX WRSOXPVDO DQODPODUÕQ
UQGU.DGÕQVÕYHHUNHNVLRODQWDPDPHQWRSOXPVDOFLQVL\HWLOHLOLúNLOLGLU
.OWUGHQ NOWUH IDUNOÕOÕNODU J|VWHUVH GH WRSOXP NDGÕQ YH HUNH÷H IDUNOÕ DQODPODU
EHNOHQWLOHUYHIDUNOÕGDYUDQÕúNDOÕSODUÕ\NOHU%XIDUNOÕOÕNODUÕQVHEHSROGX÷XFLQVL\HW
HúLWVL]OL÷L IDUNOÕ DoÕODUGDQ HOH DOÕQPÕú ELUoRN NXUDP WDUDIÕQGDQ DoÕNODQPD\D
oDOÕúÕOPÕúWÕU *QP]GH GH ELUH\H YH WRSOXPD \|QHOLN oDOÕúPDODU LoLQ DUDúWÕUPD
konusu olmaya devam etmektedir.
%X oDOÕúPDGD FLQVL\HW WRSOXPVDO FLQVL\HW UROOHUL DWDHUNLOOLN JLEL NDYUDPODUÕQ L]LQL
VUHUHN FLQVL\HWLQ EL\RORMLN \|QQGHQ oRN WRSOXPVDO DQODPODUÕ NDGÕQ YH HUNHN
NLPOLNOHULQLQ QDVÕO ROXúWXUXOGX÷XQGDQ EDKVHWPH\H oDOÕúÕOGÕ %LU OLWHUDWU WDUDPDVÕ
olarak tasarlanan bu makalede, son olarak Türkiye’ deki feminist hareketler ele
DOÕQGÕ%XWHRULNDUNDSODQGDQKDUHNHWOHIHPLQLVWNXUDPÕQWRSOXPVDODGDOHWVLzliklerin
RUWD\DoÕNDUÕOPDVÕED÷ODPÕQGD|QHPOLDoÕOÕPODUVXQDELOHFH÷LNDQÕVÕQDYDUÕOPÕúWÕU
KAYNAKÇA
$1$5%XUoLQµ¶(YOLYHdDOÕúDQ<HWLúNLQOHULQ7RSOXPVDO&LQVL\HW5ROOHULLOH
(YOLOLN'R\XPXYHøú'R\XPXøOLúNLVLQLQøQFHOHQPHVLµ¶dXNXURYDhQLYHUVLWHVL
SBE Yüksek Lisans Tezi. 2011.
ARAT, Necla. 7UNL\H¶GH.DGÕQ2OJXVX.DGÕQ*HUoH÷LQH<HQL<DNODúÕPOar.

øVWDQEXO6D\<D\ÕQODUÕ
103
a.g.e., s.76.
104
µ¶6RQUDVÕ7UNL\H¶GH)HPLQL]PLQ*|UQP¶¶
http://acikerisim.aku.edu.tr:8080/xmlui/handle/11630/2665 , ,s.93.
519
$<',1*OúDKYH$6/$1(5$<',1'X\JXµ¶6WHUHRWLS.DGÕQ5ROOHULQLQ
7HOHYL]\RQ5HNODPODUÕQGD6XQXPX¶¶Global Media Journal Dergisi. S.11. ( güz-
2015 ) ss.54-74.
BERKTAY, Fatmagül. Tarihin Cinsiyeti. øVWDQEXO0HWLV<D\ÕQODUÕ
%ø1*g/2UKDQµ¶7RSOXPVDO&LQVL\HW2OJXVXYH7UNL\H¶GH.DGÕQOÕN¶¶ KMÜ
Sosyal ve Ekonomik $UDúWÕUPDODU'HUJLVL 6 g]HOVD\Õ VV-114.
CONNELL, R.W. 7RSOXPVDO&LQVL\HW9HøNWLGDU7RSOXP.LúLYH&LQVHO

Politika. øVWDQEXO$\UÕQWÕ<D\ÕQODUÕ
d,7$.$\OLQµ¶.DGÕQODUÕQdDOÕúPDVÕQD<|QHOLN7XWXP&LQVL\HW&LQVL\HW5ROYH
6RV\RHNRQRPLN']H\H*|UH%LU.DUúÕODúWÕUPD¶¶$QNDUDhQLversitesi SBE Yüksek
Lisans Tezi. 2008.
'(0ø5%ø/(.6HYGDµ¶&LQVL\HW$\UÕPFÕOÕ÷ÕQÕ6RV\RORMLN$oÕGDQøQFHOHQPHVL¶¶
Finans Politik Ekonomik Yorumlar Dergisi. S. 511.(Eylül 2007). ss.12-27
DÖKMEN, Zehra. Toplumsal CinsiyetøVWDQEXO5HP]L<D\ÕQHYL
GÜLDÜ, Özgür ve KART-ERSOY, Müge. ’’Toplumsal Cinsiyet Rolleri ve Siyasal

7XWXPODU6RV\DO3VLNRORMLN%LU'H÷HUOHQGLUPH¶¶ Ankara Üniversitesi SBF
Dergisi. S.3. (2009). ss.99-116.
ø0$1d(5'LOHN GHU 0HG\DYH.DGÕQ øVWDQEXO(EDELO<D\ÕQODUÕ
ø59$16OH\PDQ Medya Kültür Siyaset. $QNDUD3KDUPDNRQ<D\ÕQHYL
.$</,ù$ù0$1'HU\D.DGÕQ%HGHQLYHg]JUOHúPH ø]PLUøO\D<D\ÕQHYL
2013.
.$<3$.2ö/86HUGDU7RSOXPVDO&LQVL\HWYHøOHWLúLPøVWDQEXO1DRV
<D\ÕQODUÕ
ÖZGÜR, Özlem. ‘’Televi]\RQGD<D\ÕQODQDQ.DGÕQ3URJUDPODUÕQGD7RSOXPVDO

Cinsiyet Rollerinin Sunumu’’. Selçuk Üniversitesi SBE Yüksek Lisans Tezi. 2010.
g=.$1'LFOHµ¶$WDHUNLOøGHRORMLGH%HNDUHW
Söylemi’’. https://www.academia.edu/4936105/Bekaret-makale (ULúLP7DULKL
14.03.2016)
520
Bahar2017/1
3ø5$$\OLQYH(/*h1$VOÕµ¶7RSOXPVDO&LQVL\HWLøQúD(GHQ%LU.XUXP2ODUDN
0HG\D5HNODPODU$UDFÕOÕ÷Õ\OD$WDHUNLOøGHRORMLQLQ<HQLGHQ
Üretilmesi’’. http://cim.anadolu.edu.tr/pdf/2004/1130848482.pdf (ULúLP7DULKL
08.11.2015)
SANCAR, Serpil. 7UN0RGHUQOHúPHVLQLQ&LQVL\HWL(UNHNOHU'HYOHW.DGÕQODU

Aile KurarøVWDQEXOøOHWLúLP<D\ÕQODUÕ
SANCAR, Serpil. ‘’Türkiye¶GH.DGÕQ+DUHNHWOLOL÷LQLQ3ROLWL÷L¶¶

2013. http://kasaum.ankara.edu.tr/files/2013/09/Serpil-Sancar-Türkiye’de-.DGÕQ-
Hareketinin-3ROLWL÷LSGI (ULúLP7DULKL
SARAÇ, Simge. ‘’Toplumsal Cinsiyet’’. 7RSOXPVDO&LQVL\HWYH<DQVÕPDODUÕ

GHU $QNDUD$WÕOÕPhQLYHUVLWHVL<D\ÕQODUÕ
621(5$\EHQµ¶<DSÕYH)DLOøOLúNLVLQGHQ+DUHNHWOH$WDHUNLOøGHRORMLYH
7RSOXPVDO&LQVL\HW(WNLOHúimini Anlamak’’. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi SBE
Yüksek Lisans Tezi.2012 .
ùø0ù(.$VL\Hµ¶)HPLQL]PYH8OXVODUDUDVÕøOLúNLOHU¶¶
2013. http://akademikperspektif.com/2013/12/31/feminizm-ve-uluslararasi-iliskiler
(ULúLP7DULKL
7h5.'2ö$1g]OHPµ¶$QD$NÕP0HG\DGD$QQHOLN0LWL¶¶ .DGÕQ
$UDúWÕUPDODUÕ'HUJLVLS.13. (2013). ss. 35-59
‘¶6RQUDVÕ7UNL\H¶GH)HPLQL]PLQ*|UQP¶¶
, http://acikerisim.aku.edu.tr:8080/xmlui/handle/11630/2665 ,s.93.
521

Vargel-Pehlivan, Toplumsal Cinsiyet Kuramları

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Vargel-Pehlivan, Toplumsal Cinsiyet Kuramları

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

øVWDQEXO7LFDUHWÜniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi <ÕO6 6D\Õ31 Bahar 2017/1 s.

THEORETIC APPROACHES IN THE CONTEXT OF PUBLIC GENDER: A

Key Words: Sex,Gender, Gender Role, Patriarchy Feminism

&LQVL\HW NDYUDPÕ EL\RORMLN IDUNOÕODúPDQÕQ GÕúÕQGD HUNH÷LQ YH NDGÕQÕQ WRSOXPVDO

&LQVL\HW HJHPHQ WRSOXPVDO G]HQLQ FLQVL\HW LOLúNLOHUL\OH V|\OHPOHUL\OH

5ROWHULPLWL\DWURGDQ|GQoDOÕQPÕúVRV\RORMLNELUWHULPGLU Rol, örgütlü sosyal bir

7RSOXPXQ D\UÕ D\UÕ NDGÕQ YH HUNHNWHQ J|VWHUPHOHULQL EHNOHGL÷L |]HOOLNOHUGH

GD\DWWÕ÷Õ EL]LP GH NDEXO HWWL÷LPL] GXUXPODUGÕU dQN FLQVL\HW NDOÕS\DUJÕODUÕ

0RGHUQ WRSOXPODU KL\HUDUúLN D\UÕPODUÕQ YH HúLWVL]OLNOHULQ YDU ROGX÷X WRSOXPODU

øNWLGDU LOLúNLOHUL\OH EHVOHQHQ DWDHUNLOOLN NDYUDPÕ ELQ \ÕOODUGÕU o|]POHQHPH\HQ

&RQQHOO¶LQ KHJHPRQLN HUNHNOLN NDYUDPÕQGD µ¶KHJHPRQ\D¶¶ WHULPLQ |GQo DOÕQGÕ÷Õ

5: &RQQHOO KHJHPRQ\DQÕQ WRSOXPVDO SUDWLNOHU DUDFÕOÕ÷Õ\OD LúOHQGL÷LQH LúDUHW

7RSOXPVDO FLQVL\HWOHU DUDVÕQGDNL HúLWVL] Jo GD÷ÕOÕPÕ WRSOXPVDO KD\DWÕQ EWQ

*QP]Q JHOHQHNVHO YH oD÷GDú WRSOXPODUÕQGD HWNLVLQL YH VUGUOHELOLUOL÷LQL

BL\RORMLN NXUDPODU NDGÕQODU YH HUNHNOHU DUDVÕQGDNL GDYUDQÕú IDUNOÕOÕNODUÕQÕ FLQVOHU

GÕú oHYUH\OH PFDGHOHGHQ VRUXPOX\NHQ EDúDW GDYUDQÕú |UQWV  NDGÕQODU HYOH

&LQVL\HW IDUNOÕOÕ÷ÕQ EL\RORMLN IDNW|UH ED÷ODQPDVÕ oR÷X ]DPDQ HUNHN VWQO÷QQ

DOÕQPDVÕQGD |QHPOL ELU LúOHYH VDKLSWLU dRN WHOHYL]\RQ VH\UHGHQ oRFXNODU

Bu kurama göre, özellikle toSOXOXNoX NOWUOHUGH X\JXQ FLQVL\HW URO GDYUDQÕúODUÕ

%LOLúVHO \DNODúÕPÕQ WHPHO VD\ÕOWÕVÕQD J|UH LQVDQODUÕQ ELOLúVHO WXWDUOÕOÕ÷D LKWL\DFÕ

JHUoHNOHúLU%|\OHFHFLQVHONLPOLN EHQELUNÕ]ÕPYH\DEHQELUHUNH÷LP ROXúXU$UWÕN

RODUDN NHQGL GDYUDQÕúODUÕQÕ G]HQOHPH\H JGOHQPHNWHGLUOHU. Bu güdüleyici güç

)HPLQL]PLQ WDULKoHVLQH EDNWÕ÷ÕPÕ]GD LVH  <]\ÕO øQJLOWHUH¶VLQGH IHRGDOL]PLQ

DUJPDQODU GD LVWHU LVWHPH] HUNHNOHULQ GHVWH÷LQLQ ND]DQÕOPDVÕQGD \R÷XQODúWÕ YH

RQODUGDQ LNWLGDUÕ HOH JHoLUPHN ]HUH HULO QLWHOLNOHULQL JHOLúWLUPHOHULQL LVWH\HQ

6RQXoWD D\GÕQODQPDFÕ IHPLQLVW WHRULGH ED]Õ WHPHO SUREOHPOHU YDUGÕU %XQODUÕQ

5DGLNDO IHPLQL]P NDGÕQODUÕQ V|PUOPHVL YH EDVÕ DOWÕQGD WXWXOPDVÕQÕQ WHPHO

5DGLNDO IHPLQLVW DNÕPÕQ VDYXQGX÷X UHPH WHNQRORMLOHUL DWDHUNLO VLVWHPH NDUúÕ

.OWUHO IHPLQL]PH J|UH NDGÕQODUD LOLúNLQ NOWUHO WDQÕPODPDODU EL\RORMLN

)DUNOÕOÕN NOWUQ |QH oÕNDUDN NOWUHO IHPLQLVWOHU NDGÕQÕ FLQVL\HWLQGHQ GROD\Õ

.OWUHO IHPLQL]P NXUDPÕQÕ VDYXQDQODU OLEHUDO IHPLQL]PLQ HOHúWLUHO GúQPH YH

.OWUHO IHPLQLVWOHUH J|UH NDGÕQODUÕQ D\GÕQODQPD G|QHPLQH NDGDU DNOL oDOÕúPDODUD

6RV\DOLVW IHPLQL]P 0DU[¶ÕQ oDWÕúPD WHRULVLQGHQ JHOLúPLúWLU (QJHOV DWDHUNLOOL÷LQ

g]HOOLNOH NDGÕQODUÕQ ELOLQoOHULQLQ \NVHOWLOPHVLQGH 0DUNVLVW WDULKVHO PDWHU\DOLVW

7DULKLQVUHNOLOLNOHU YH NRSXúODUÕQELUOLNWHOL÷LRODUDNNDYUDQPDVÕELUD] NOLúHOHúPLú

2VPDQOÕøPSDUDWRUOX÷XQGD \LUPLQFL \]\ÕOD NDGDUNDGÕQODUNDPXVDODODQGD|UWYH

7DQ]LPDW G|QHPL YH DUNDVÕQGDQ JHOHQ ,, 0HúUXWL\HW G|QHPLQGH PRGHUQOHúPHFL

,, PHúUXWL\HWG|QHPLQGH NDGÕQÕQH÷LWLPHoDOÕúPD KD\DWÕQDNDWÕOPDVÕ\ODGHUQHNOHU

2VPDQOÕ øPSDUDWRUOX÷X¶QXQ VRQ G|QHPLQGH NDGÕQÕ \HUL NRQXVXQGDNL WDUWÕúPDODU

7UN PRGHUQOHúPHVLQGH NDGÕQODUD ELU \DQGDQ %DWÕOÕODúPD YH PRGHUQOHúPHQLQ

&XPKXUL\HWLQ NDPXVDO DODQGD NDGÕQ YH HUNHN HúLWOL÷L DoÕVÕQGDQ JHWLUGL÷L

¶ OHULQ PRGHUQOHúPH VWUDWHMLVL HUNHQ &XPKXUL\HW G|QHPLQLQ µ¶VHoNLQ

7UNL\H¶ GH 2VPDQOÕ øPSDUDWRUOX÷X¶QGDQ &XPKXUL\HWH NDGDU LQWLNDO HWPLú GR÷X

7UNL\H¶ GH NDGÕQ KDNODUÕ DQOD\ÕúÕQÕ úHNLOOHQGLUHQ µ¶PRGHUQOHúPHFL YHVD\HW¶¶

%LUoRN DODQGDNL \DVDO G]HQOHPHOHUH UD÷PHQ 7UNL\H¶GH NDGÕQÕQ NRQXPXQD LOLúNLQ

ARAT, Necla. 7UNL\H¶GH.DGÕQ2OJXVX.DGÕQ*HUoH÷LQH<HQL<DNODúÕPOar.

BERKTAY, Fatmagül. Tarihin Cinsiyeti. øVWDQEXO0HWLV<D\ÕQODUÕ

CONNELL, R.W. 7RSOXPVDO&LQVL\HW9HøNWLGDU7RSOXP.LúLYH&LQVHO

DÖKMEN, Zehra. Toplumsal CinsiyetøVWDQEXO5HP]L<D\ÕQHYL

GÜLDÜ, Özgür ve KART-ERSOY, Müge. ’’Toplumsal Cinsiyet Rolleri ve Siyasal

ø0$1d(5'LOHN GHU 0HG\DYH.DGÕQ øVWDQEXO(EDELO<D\ÕQODUÕ

ø59$16OH\PDQ Medya Kültür Siyaset. $QNDUD3KDUPDNRQ<D\ÕQHYL

ÖZGÜR, Özlem. ‘’Televi]\RQGD<D\ÕQODQDQ.DGÕQ3URJUDPODUÕQGD7RSOXPVDO

SANCAR, Serpil. 7UN0RGHUQOHúPHVLQLQ&LQVL\HWL(UNHNOHU'HYOHW.DGÕQODU

SANCAR, Serpil. ‘’Türkiye¶GH.DGÕQ+DUHNHWOLOL÷LQLQ3ROLWL÷L¶¶

SARAÇ, Simge. ‘’Toplumsal Cinsiyet’’. 7RSOXPVDO&LQVL\HWYH<DQVÕPDODUÕ

You might also like

øVWDQEXO7LFDUHWÜniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi <ÕO6 6D\Õ31 Bahar 2017/1 s.

&LQVL\HW HJHPHQ WRSOXPVDO G]HQLQ FLQVL\HW LOLúNLOHUL\OH V|\OHPOHUL\OH

5ROWHULPLWL\DWURGDQ|GQoDOÕQPÕúVRV\RORMLNELUWHULPGLU Rol, örgütlü sosyal bir

7RSOXPXQ D\UÕ D\UÕ NDGÕQ YH HUNHNWHQ J|VWHUPHOHULQL EHNOHGL÷L |]HOOLNOHUGH

GD\DWWÕ÷Õ EL]LP GH NDEXO HWWL÷LPL] GXUXPODUGÕU dQN FLQVL\HW NDOÕS\DUJÕODUÕ

øNWLGDU LOLúNLOHUL\OH EHVOHQHQ DWDHUNLOOLN NDYUDPÕ ELQ \ÕOODUGÕU o|]POHQHPH\HQ

&RQQHOO¶LQ KHJHPRQLN HUNHNOLN NDYUDPÕQGD µ¶KHJHPRQ\D¶¶ WHULPLQ |GQo DOÕQGÕ÷Õ

5: &RQQHOO KHJHPRQ\DQÕQ WRSOXPVDO SUDWLNOHU DUDFÕOÕ÷Õ\OD LúOHQGL÷LQH LúDUHW

7RSOXPVDO FLQVL\HWOHU DUDVÕQGDNL HúLWVL] Jo GD÷ÕOÕPÕ WRSOXPVDO KD\DWÕQ EWQ

*QP]Q JHOHQHNVHO YH oD÷GDú WRSOXPODUÕQGD HWNLVLQL YH VUGUOHELOLUOL÷LQL

BL\RORMLN NXUDPODU NDGÕQODU YH HUNHNOHU DUDVÕQGDNL GDYUDQÕú IDUNOÕOÕNODUÕQÕ FLQVOHU

GÕú oHYUH\OH PFDGHOHGHQ VRUXPOX\NHQ EDúDW GDYUDQÕú |UQWV NDGÕQODU HYOH

&LQVL\HW IDUNOÕOÕ÷ÕQ EL\RORMLN IDNW|UH ED÷ODQPDVÕ oR÷X ]DPDQ HUNHN VWQO÷QQ

DOÕQPDVÕQGD |QHPOL ELU LúOHYH VDKLSWLU dRN WHOHYL]\RQ VH\UHGHQ oRFXNODU

Bu kurama göre, özellikle toSOXOXNoX NOWUOHUGH X\JXQ FLQVL\HW URO GDYUDQÕúODUÕ

%LOLúVHO \DNODúÕPÕQ WHPHO VD\ÕOWÕVÕQD J|UH LQVDQODUÕQ ELOLúVHO WXWDUOÕOÕ÷D LKWL\DFÕ

JHUoHNOHúLU%|\OHFHFLQVHONLPOLN EHQELUNÕ]ÕPYH\DEHQELUHUNH÷LP ROXúXU$UWÕN

RODUDN NHQGL GDYUDQÕúODUÕQÕ G]HQOHPH\H JGOHQPHNWHGLUOHU. Bu güdüleyici güç

)HPLQL]PLQ WDULKoHVLQH EDNWÕ÷ÕPÕ]GD LVH <]\ÕO øQJLOWHUH¶VLQGH IHRGDOL]PLQ

DUJPDQODU GD LVWHU LVWHPH] HUNHNOHULQ GHVWH÷LQLQ ND]DQÕOPDVÕQGD \R÷XQODúWÕ YH

RQODUGDQ LNWLGDUÕ HOH JHoLUPHN ]HUH HULO QLWHOLNOHULQL JHOLúWLUPHOHULQL LVWH\HQ

6RQXoWD D\GÕQODQPDFÕ IHPLQLVW WHRULGH ED]Õ WHPHO SUREOHPOHU YDUGÕU %XQODUÕQ

5DGLNDO IHPLQL]P NDGÕQODUÕQ V|PUOPHVL YH EDVÕ DOWÕQGD WXWXOPDVÕQÕQ WHPHO

5DGLNDO IHPLQLVW DNÕPÕQ VDYXQGX÷X UHPH WHNQRORMLOHUL DWDHUNLO VLVWHPH NDUúÕ

.OWUHO IHPLQL]PH J|UH NDGÕQODUD LOLúNLQ NOWUHO WDQÕPODPDODU EL\RORMLN

)DUNOÕOÕN NOWUQ |QH oÕNDUDN NOWUHO IHPLQLVWOHU NDGÕQÕ FLQVL\HWLQGHQ GROD\Õ

.OWUHO IHPLQL]P NXUDPÕQÕ VDYXQDQODU OLEHUDO IHPLQL]PLQ HOHúWLUHO GúQPH YH

.OWUHO IHPLQLVWOHUH J|UH NDGÕQODUÕQ D\GÕQODQPD G|QHPLQH NDGDU DNOL oDOÕúPDODUD

6RV\DOLVW IHPLQL]P 0DU[¶ÕQ oDWÕúPD WHRULVLQGHQ JHOLúPLúWLU (QJHOV DWDHUNLOOL÷LQ

g]HOOLNOH NDGÕQODUÕQ ELOLQoOHULQLQ \NVHOWLOPHVLQGH 0DUNVLVW WDULKVHO PDWHU\DOLVW

7DULKLQVUHNOLOLNOHU YH NRSXúODUÕQELUOLNWHOL÷LRODUDNNDYUDQPDVÕELUD] NOLúHOHúPLú

2VPDQOÕøPSDUDWRUOX÷XQGD \LUPLQFL \]\ÕOD NDGDUNDGÕQODUNDPXVDODODQGD|UWYH

7DQ]LPDW G|QHPL YH DUNDVÕQGDQ JHOHQ ,, 0HúUXWL\HW G|QHPLQGH PRGHUQOHúPHFL

,, PHúUXWL\HWG|QHPLQGH NDGÕQÕQH÷LWLPHoDOÕúPD KD\DWÕQDNDWÕOPDVÕ\ODGHUQHNOHU

7UN PRGHUQOHúPHVLQGH NDGÕQODUD ELU \DQGDQ %DWÕOÕODúPD YH PRGHUQOHúPHQLQ

¶ OHULQ PRGHUQOHúPH VWUDWHMLVL HUNHQ &XPKXUL\HW G|QHPLQLQ µ¶VHoNLQ

7UNL\H¶ GH 2VPDQOÕ øPSDUDWRUOX÷X¶QGDQ &XPKXUL\HWH NDGDU LQWLNDO HWPLú GR÷X

7UNL\H¶ GH NDGÕQ KDNODUÕ DQOD\ÕúÕQÕ úHNLOOHQGLUHQ µ¶PRGHUQOHúPHFL YHVD\HW¶¶

%LUoRN DODQGDNL \DVDO G]HQOHPHOHUH UD÷PHQ 7UNL\H¶GH NDGÕQÕQ NRQXPXQD LOLúNLQ

ARAT, Necla. 7UNL\H¶GH.DGÕQ2OJXVX.DGÕQ*HUoH÷LQH<HQL<DNODúÕPOar.

BERKTAY, Fatmagül. Tarihin Cinsiyeti. øVWDQEXO0HWLV<D\ÕQODUÕ

CONNELL, R.W. 7RSOXPVDO&LQVL\HW9HøNWLGDU7RSOXP.LúLYH&LQVHO

DÖKMEN, Zehra. Toplumsal CinsiyetøVWDQEXO5HP]L<D\ÕQHYL

ø0$1d(5'LOHN GHU 0HG\DYH.DGÕQ øVWDQEXO(EDELO<D\ÕQODUÕ

ø59$16OH\PDQ Medya Kültür Siyaset. $QNDUD3KDUPDNRQ<D\ÕQHYL

SANCAR, Serpil. 7UN0RGHUQOHúPHVLQLQ&LQVL\HWL(UNHNOHU'HYOHW.DGÕQODU

SANCAR, Serpil. ‘’Türkiye¶GH.DGÕQ+DUHNHWOLOL÷LQLQ3ROLWL÷L¶¶

SARAÇ, Simge. ‘’Toplumsal Cinsiyet’’. 7RSOXPVDO&LQVL\HWYH<DQVÕPDODUÕ