Benha University 4th year (Production & Mechatronics)

Benha Faculty of Engineering Hydraulic Power Systems(M1413)

Mechanical Engineering Department Dr. Ahmed Saeed
1st Term – 2023/2024 TA: Eng. Nadeen Elhadad

Sheet (7): Hydraulic Actuators

1. Shown in Figure is the load-lifting mode of a hydraulic system having the

following parameters:
Pump: a swash plate axial piston pump, with piston diameter = 8 mm, pitch
circuit diameter = 3 cm, swash plate inclination angle = 20°, mechanical
efficiency = 0.9, total efficiency = 0.81, number of pistons = 7, pump speed =
3000 rpm.
Relief Valve: preset at a relief pressure of 10 MPa, with zero override pressure.
Hydraulic Cylinder: an ideal cylinder, loaded by a constant load of 60kN. The
piston and rod diameters are 10 cm and 7 cm, respectively.
Check Valve: of zero cracking pressure.
Throttle Valve: sharp-edged with a = 3𝑚𝑚2 cross-sectional area.
Hydraulic oil: with a 850𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 density.
(a) Explain the function of the system.
(b) Calculate the piston speed and pump driving power at each of the two
positions of the DCV if the pressure in the pump delivery like does not
reach the preset relief pressure. Neglect the losses in lines and DCV.

Figure 1

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 Benha University 4th year (Production & Mechatronics)
Benha Faculty of Engineering Hydraulic Power Systems(M1413)
Mechanical Engineering Department Dr. Ahmed Saeed
1st Term – 2023/2024 TA: Eng. Nadeen Elhadad

2. For the system in Figure 2, calculate the pump exit pressure, and the override
pressure of the relief valve, given:
Pump: pump speed = 1000 rpm, volumetric efficiency = 0.95, and pump
displacement = 8 𝑐𝑚3
Relief Valve: 𝑃𝑟 = 22.5 𝑀𝑃𝑎, 𝑄𝑟 = 𝐾 ∗ (𝑂𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒) ∗ √𝑃𝑝 where
𝐾 = 10−13 , 𝑃𝑝 is the pump exit pressure, (𝑃𝑝 − 𝑃𝑟 ) is the override pressure.
Throttle Valve: throttle area a = 1 𝑚𝑚2 and 𝑄𝑚 = 0.029 𝑎√𝑃𝑝 − 𝑃1
Hydraulic Motor: motor displacement 𝑉𝑚 = 80 𝑐𝑚3 /𝑟𝑒𝑣, total efficiency =
0.68, volumetric efficiency = 0.93, and loading torque = 200 Nm.

Figure 2

3. A 50 kN hydraulic press performs pressing and clamping actions. The clamping

cylinder force is 4 kN. The pressing cylinder stroke is 30 cm and its extension
speed is 8 cm/s. Design the hydraulic circuits, perform the preliminary
calculations and select the needed hydraulic elements. Then, calculate the
different operating modes of the system.
Assume, always, reasonable values for any missing data.
Use F.S = 2.5 and pressure drops over the following components and their
associated pipework are as follows:

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 Benha University 4th year (Production & Mechatronics)
Benha Faculty of Engineering Hydraulic Power Systems(M1413)
Mechanical Engineering Department Dr. Ahmed Saeed
1st Term – 2023/2024 TA: Eng. Nadeen Elhadad

Direction control valve (each flow path) = 2 bar

Sequence valve = 3 bar
Filter = 2.5 bar
Check the strength of the piston rod by buckling equations and choose the mode
of operation whether the relief valve cracking pressure is below or above the
maximum working pressure.

4. A cylinder has to apply an extend force of 80 kN and a retract force of 10 kN. The
retract speed should be 5 m/min using full pump flow. The maximum pump
pressure is 150 bar and the pressure drop over the filter is 3 bar and over the
directional control valve (for each path) is 2 bar.
a. Draw the hydraulic circuit.
b. Determine the cylinder size (assuming 2:1 ratio piston area to piston rod
area).
c. Determine the pump size.
d. Find the circuit efficiency during extension and during retraction.

The available cylinder diameters are: 50 mm, 63 mm, 80 mm, 100 mm, 125 mm,
150 mm, 180 mm, and 200 mm.