Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chapter Vii Security of Sensitive Personal in 2
Chapter Vii Security of Sensitive Personal in 2
Chapter Vii Security of Sensitive Personal in 2
All requirements under this subsection shall be implemented not later than six
(6) months after the date of the enactment of this Act.
■
IMPRISONMENT: 1-3
YEARS
■
FINE: PHP 500,000-PHP
2,000,000
➢ Sensitive Personal Info:
■
IMPRISONMENT: 3-6
YEARS
■
FINE: PHP 500,000-PHP
4,000,000
Sec 27. Improper Disposal
of Personal Information and
Sensitive Personal
Information:
➢ Improper Disposal of
Personal Info:
■
IMPRISONMENT: 6
MONTHS-2 YEARS
■
FINE: PHP 100,000-PHP
500,000
➢ Sensitive Personal Info:
■
IMPRISONMENT: 1-3
YEARS
■
FINE: PHP 100,000-PHP
1,000,000
Sec 28. Processing of
Personal Information and
Sensitive Personal
Information for
Unauthorized Purposes:
➢ Unauthorized Purposes:
■
IMPRISONMENT: 1
YEAR & 6 MONTHS-5
YEARS
■
FINE: PHP 500,000-PHP
1,000,000
➢ Sensitive Personal Info:
■
IMPRISONMENT: 2-7
YEARS
■
FINE: PHP 500,000-PHP
2,000,000
Sec 29. Unauthorized
Access or Intentional
Breach.
■
IMPRISONMENT: 1-3
YEARS
■
FINE: PHP 500,000-PHP
2,000,000
Sec 30. Concealment of
Security Breaches Involving
Sensitive Personal
Information.
■
IMPRISONMENT: 1
YEAR & 6 MONTHS-5
YEARS
■
FINE: PHP 500,000-PHP
1,000,000
Sec 31. Malicious
Disclosure
■
IMPRISONMENT: 1
YEAR & 6 MONTHS-5
YEARS
■
FINE: PHP 100,000-PHP
500,000
Sec 32. Unauthorized
Disclosure
■
IMPRISONMENT: 6
MONTHS-2 YEARS
■
FINE: PHP 100,000-PHP
500,000
■ IMPRISONMENT: 1-3 YEARS
■ FINE: PHP 500,000-PHP 2,000,000
Sec 27. Improper Disposal of Personal Informa tion and Sensitive Personal
Information:
➢ Improper Disposal of Personal Info:
■ IMPRISONMENT: 6 MONTHS-2 YEARS
■ FINE: PHP 100,000-PHP 500,000
1. Offender is a juridical person - the court may suspend or revoke any of its
rights under this Act.
2. Offender is alien - he or she shall be deported without further proceedings
after serving the penalties herein prescribed.
3. Offender is a public official or employee - If he or she is found guilty of any
of the acts mentioned in Sections 27 and 28 of this Act, he or she will
face permanent or temporary absolute disqualification from office, depending
on the circumstances.
Benefits and
Challenges of
Technology
Benefits of Technology:
a. Ease of Workflow
Entering data into a
computerized system is
much less time-consuming
than paper-based
methods, and it reduces the
risk of errors in patient data
and financial details.
Accessing
patient records digitally
also allows medical
coding experts to work
from home,
increasing efficiency and
productivity.
b. Technological Devices
Improved Care and
Efficiency
There are a lot of
technological devices and
equipment which improved
the efficiency
and care of the patients,
it includes the portable
defibrillator, drug
management
technology, MR system,
electronic IV monitors, as
well as devices made for the
patients
contacting the doctors or
nurse, the kinds of digital
devices made for patients
who are
placed in the patient9s
rooms or wards in hospitals.
In case of emergency, the
patients can
click the button of these
devices. It informs the
doctors or nurses on time to
come for the
patient. With this kind of
device, without wasting
time the doctor can reach
the patients
and save their lives.
The following are only a
few of the technical
devices that have been
introduced to
healthcare:
i. Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
technologies are being
used to listen in on
patient-
doctor conversations and
recording everything in a
complete file. AI amplifies
the
expertise of trained doctors
with additional layers of
real-time data, information
and insights, making it
possible to cut down errors
and increase precision. With
the help of AI, which can
instantly provide
information on the patient9s
past and
present health as well as
make suggestions that
would help in diagnosis,
medical
professionals are able to
provide swift care to more
patients.
ii. Sensors and Wearable
Technolog
Benefits and Challenges of Technology
Benefits of Technology:
a. Ease of Workflow
Entering data into a computerized system is much less time-consuming
than paper-based methods, and it reduces the risk of errors in patient data and
financial details. Accessing patient records digitally also allows medical
coding experts to work from home, increasing efficiency and productivity.
iii. Telemedicine
Telemedicine is a growing field that allows people in rural
settings, with limited access, to get the help they need without having
to travel far. The implementation of these options means less crowded
waiting rooms and shorter waiting times for patients who are
physically in the doctor9s office. However, certain types of
illnesses and problems require a face-to-face physical assessment and
cannot be diagnosed through telemedicine.
iv. 3D Printing
Today, it is possible to reproduce bones and some internal
organs using 3D printing technology. These artificial organs and
bones can then be introduced into the body of the patient to replace
diseased or problematic areas. With a 3D model, it is significantly
easier for a surgeon to have a closer look at the problem and
simulate a variety of solutions or possible operations that can be
undertaken before performing the actual surgery on the patient.
v. Nanotechnology
Scientists are using nanoparticles to target tumors, in drug
delivery systems, to improve medical imaging, for implants and
regenerative medicine, well as research tools for drug discovery and
biomedical science.
The old system of paper records required medical practitioners and nurses to create
and complete files for their patients, often leading to long wait times in order
to collect, retrieve and update the correct data. An electronic health record
(EHR) is a digital version of a patient9s paper chart. EHRs are real-time, patient-
centered records that make information available instantly and securely to authorized
users.
Challenges of Technology
Question: What will the future of healthcare challenges look like? How will
businesses navigate new hurdles?
3. User-Unfriendly Interfaces
● As medical technology is advancing by leaps and bound, one thing left in
the dark ages is user interface. These devices might change the world but it
won’t matter if they’re too difficult to use.
● If there is too much data on the screen at once, or the interface
doesn’t help users navigate, no one is going to use it.
● How to avoid:
➔ Engage with manufacturers during the research and
development phase and let them know what’s needed.
➔ Take the time to learn how unfriendly interfaces work.
6. Overall Implementation
● Implementing technology in medicine has a steep learning curve for
hospitals and the healthcare team because those who need it most may not
have the time to learn how to use it.
● Without a comprehensive understanding, trying to use medical
technology can lead to practitioner error and malpractice.
● Technology is going to change and shape the medical industry for decades
to come and hospital administrators, medical professionals, and IT teams need
to tackle this challenge head-on. Those who do not adapt will be left behind,
struggling to keep up with the tidal wave of innovation that9s sweeping
through healthcare.
6.
Current Technology: Issues and Dilemma
In the healthcare setting, the seemingly simple maxim, <First do no harm= proves to
be far more complex when considered in the rapidly advancing medical
technology, constant budget constraints, and new health threats.
Data safety - prevents accidental data loss through failure or destruction of equipment
or accidental deletion.
Data security - refers to the protection of data from unauthorised access and strategies
to keep data secure from hacking and viruses.
B. Eugenics
a. Coercion
It is morally objectionable for governments or institutions or any
third party to compel or coerce anyone's reproductive behavior. The right
to reproduce without interference from third parties is one of the
fundamental freedoms recognized by international law and moral theories
from a host of ethical traditions. However, the goals of obtaining perfection,
avoiding disease, or pursuing health with respect to individuals need not
involve coercion or force.
A couple may wish to have a baby who has no risk of
inheriting Tay-Sachs disease or transmitting sickle cell disease. Or they may
want a child with a particular hair color or sex. If their choice is free and
informed, then there is no reason to think that such a choice is immoral on
grounds of force or coercion.
c. Equality
Another objection to allowing eugenic desires to influence parenting is
that this will lead to fundamental social inequalities. Allowing parental
choice about the genetic makeup of their children may lead to the
creation of a genetic “overclass” with unfair advantages over those whose
parents did not or could not afford to endow them with the right biological
dispositions and traits. Or it may lead to homogenization in society where
diversity and difference disappear in a rush to produce only perfect
people, leaving anyone with the slightest disability or deficiency at a distinct
disadvantage.
8.
■ Disadvantages
● level of security depends on employee or user
following password policy
○ Possession authentication - examples are mobile, security token and
swipe card.
■ Advantages
● quick and reliable
■ Disadvantages
● can lose item or can be stolen
■ Disadvantages
● can be expensive and unreliable
b. Transparency
- Second, in the service of safety and patient
confidence some amount of transparency must be
ensured.
- While in an ideal world all data and the algorithms
would be open for the public to examine, there may
be some legitimate issues relating to protecting
investment/intellectual property and also not increasing
cybersecurity risk.
- Third party or governmental auditing may
represent a possible solution.
10.
Part 3 (Current Technology: Issues and Dilemma)
1. Algorithmic fairness and biases
AI has the capability to improve healthcare not only in
high-income settings, but to democratize expertise, <globalize=
healthcare, and bring it to even remote areas.
However, any ML system or human-trained algorithm will
only be as trustworthy, effective, and fair as the data that it is
trained with. AI also bears a risk for biases and thus
discrimination.
It is therefore vital that AI makers are aware of this risk
and minimize potential biases at every stage in the process of
product development.
In particular, they should consider the risk for biases when
deciding (1) which ML technologies/procedures they want
to use to train the algorithms and (2) what datasets
(including considering their quality and diversity) they want to
use for the programming.
Several real-world examples have demonstrated that
algorithms can exhibit biases that can result in injustice with
regard to ethnic origins and skin color or gender.
Biases can also occur regarding other features such as age or
disabilities. The explanations for such biases differ and may be
multifaceted.
In the health sector, where phenotype- and sometimes
genotype-related information are involved, biased AI could,
for instance, lead to false diagnoses and render treatments
ineffective for some subpopulations and thus jeopardize their
safety.
For example, imagine an AI-based clinical decision
support (CDS) software that helps clinicians to find the
best treatment for patients with skin cancer. However, the
algorithm was predominantly trained on Caucasian patients.
Thus, the AI software will likely give less accurate or
even inaccurate recommendations for subpopulations for
which the training data was underinclusive such as African
American.
2. Data privacy
So, for some agency and hospitals the personal data of
their patients is provided by some Health applications
which uses AI. Chances that data sharing happened for the
clinical self-testing that aims to help with the diagnosis
and detection for such disease. However, patients were not
properly informed about the processing of their data as part of
the test.
In this situation it highlighted the potential for harm to privacy
rights when developing technological solutions.