pUCSP REVIEWER 2ND  This universal

QUARTER declaration of
human rights as a
Human Dignity, Rights
common
and Common Good
standard of
 Human Rights: achievement for
The Preamble of all peoples and
the Universal of all nations
Human Rights  Teaching and
 Whereas education to
recognition of the promote respect
inherent dignity for these rights
and of the equal and freedoms
and inalienable and by
rights of all progressive
members of the measures,
human family is national and
the foundation of international, to
freedom, justice, secure their
and peace in the universal and
world effective
 Whereas recognition and
disregard and observance, both
contempt for among the
human rights people of
have resulted in member states
barbarous acts themselves and
 Human beings among the
shall enjoy peoples of
freedom of territories under
speech and belief their jurisdiction
and freedom from Human Rights
fear and want has
been proclaimed  May be generally
as the highest defined as those
aspiration of the rights which are
common people inherent in our
nature and
without which we
 cannot live as  Degrading
human beings treatment
 Allow us to  Poverty
develop fully and  Torture and war
use our human  Slavery
qualities, our
intelligence, our Common Good
talents and our  Aims to see the
conscience and possibility of
to satisfy our using politics,
spiritual and other collective action,
needs and active
Human dignity citizens in the
realization of
 The foundation of freedom,
human rights autonomy, and
 Is entitlement that self-interest of the
is given to each whole society
individual which  Can also be
are related to perceived to
ideas of sanctity, prioritize the
autonomy, “benefits and
personhood, self- interest of all”
respect, and
empowerment Becoming a Member
 In the Roman of Society: Human
period, the Dignity, Rights and the
concept of human Common Good
dignity (dignitas Human
hominis) is
connected with  Qualities
the “status” of a  Needs
person  Wants

Violations against Human Dignity

human dignity
 Respect and
 Humiliation acknowledgemen
t of individual
 person, a human 2. Degradation
being  Acts that degrade
 An idea that a the value of
person has an human beings
innate right to be  Diminishes the
valued, importance or
respected, and value of all
treated well human beings
 It is something  Selling oneself to
that can’t be slavery
taken away, each 3. Dehumanization
person must free  Acts that strip a
from slavery, person or a group
manipulation and of their human
exploitation characteristics
 Describing or
treating people as
 Killing someone animals or as a
is a capital crime lower type of
 Killing many human being
people is a 4. Objectification
massacre  This aspect refers
 Killing an entire to treating a
race is a person as an
genocide instrument or as
Violations against means to achieve
human: some other goal

1. Humiliation How do we became

kapwa to others?
 Refer to acts that
humiliate or  We must respect
diminish the self- and honor dignity
worth of a person  All religions teach
or a group the value of life
 Injuries to the  Our culture
people’s self- makes us human
worth or their and humane and
self-esteem most societies
 reserve and beings whatever
uphold the their nationality,
principles of religion, ethnicity,
dignity, equality, sex, language
and liberty and color
Rights Classes of Human
Rights:
 Are legal, social,
or ethical 1. Natural rights
principles of  Rights inherent to
freedom or man and given to
entitlement him by God as
 Are the human being
fundamental
Example: right to
normative rules
live, love and be
about what is
happy
allowed of people
or owed to 2. Statutory Rights
people, according  Rights provided
to some legal by the law
system making body of a
 Sometime called country or by a
a declaration of law
rights or a charter
Example: such as the
rights
right to receive a
 The bill of rights
minimum wage and right
in the Philippine
to preliminary
constitutions lays
investigation
down basic
human rights of 3. Constitutional
the Filipinos rights
guaranteed and  Rights
protected by the guaranteed under
state the fundamental
charter of the
Human Rights
country
 Are natural rights
Example: rights against
of all human
unreasonable searches
and confiscation, rights  Right to use and
safeguarding accused dispose his
property, right to
Classification of
practice one’s
Constitutional:
profession, right
1. Civil rights to make living
 Rights specified 3. Political rights
under the bill of  Right to vote and
rights right to be voted
 Secure private into public office
individuals for the 4. Rights of the
purpose of accused
securing  Intended for the
enjoyment of their protection of a
means of person accused
happiness of any crime
 Rights enjoyed by
Common good
an individual by
virtue of his  The sum of those
citizenship in a conditions of
state or social life which
community allow social
groups and their
Example: freedom of
individual
speech, right to
members,
information
relatively
2. Social and thorough and
economic ready access to
 Intended to their own
ensure the well- fulfilment
being and
Essential Components
economic
security of an  Key Elements:
individual 1. Public order
 Rights to 2. Properity
property, whether 3. Intellectual,
personal, real or spiritual, and
intellectual moral values
Material prosperity hitting, pushing,
aspects seeks to the kicking or
following: enforcing any
other kind of
1. To provide
physical
employment for
aggression
as many workers
against someone
as possible
is also a form of
2. To take care of
informal social
the least
control
privileged groups
 Access and
3. To maintain a
affordable public
balance between
health care
wages and prices
system
4. To make
 Effective system
accessible the
of public safety
goods and
and security
services for a
better life to as  Peace among
many person as nations
possible  Just political
system
Intellectual and moral:  Unpolluted
1. General natural
education environment
2. The development  Flourishing
of intellectual, economic system
humanistic and Becoming A Member
technical aspect of Society: Conformity
of individual and Deviance
3. Development of
soul, conscience Conformity
and will - Behaviour in
5 means of informal accordance with
social control: socially accepted
conventions or
Physical Aggression standard
 Using physical
force through
 - The anticipated 1. The study of why
behaviour to people violates
follow laws or norms
- The desire to go 2. The study of how
along with the society reacts to
norms of a group this violations
of people, so you
Types of Deviance:
will be accepted
as an in-group Primary Deviance
person (and not
rejected as an - Refers to a
outside group person’s behavior
undesirable which violates or
person) does not conform
to a prescribed
Conformist norm of conduct
but is tolerated
- A person who
and concealed by
conforms to
others
accepted
behavior or Secondary Deviance
established
practices - Refers to a
behavior of a
Deviance lifetime
conformist or the
- Departing from
behavior of a
usual or accepted
branded criminal
standards,
especially in Individual Deviance
social or sexual
behavior - Refers to a
- Behavior that violation against
violates a group’s norm or
significant social subculture
norms and is Group Deviance
disapproved by
majority of people - Refers to the act
of the members
Variety of Deviance: of a group to
conform to the
 groups norms but - Sometimes, a
which disagree person may
with the norms of accept the goal
the larger society but not the
means
Reasons for Deviance:
Innovators
 Biologists,
deviance is - Individuals that
caused by factors accept the
coming from cultural goals of
within the society but reject
individual the conventional
 Sociologists say methods of
that the factors attaining them
outside the
Ritualism
individual cause
by deviance - Sometimes a
 Psychologists, person gives up
deviance caused important social
by the difference values yet does
in their lip service to
personalities them by carefully
observing related
Forms of Deviance: norms of
Innovation behavior

- Society sets forth Ritualist

goals for the - Person who do
individuals to aim not believe in the
at and also lay established
down means to cultural goals of
achieve them society but they
- When a person do believe in and
accepts both abide by the
goals and means means of
the result is attaining those
generally goals
“conformity”
Retreatism
 - The rejection of they substitute
both values and new goals and
norms is new methods of
‘retreatism’ attaining them
- It is in one way or
Social control
another of
‘dropping out’ of - Refers to the
society “techniques and
- Is a kind of strategies” for
passive rejection regulating human
of the goal of behavior in the
success and of society
respectable
occupational Types of Social
activities Control:

Retreatist Formal Social

Control
- Who reject both
the cultural goals - Takes place
and the accepted through legal
means of punishments and
attaining those sanctions by a
goals legitimate
authority
Rebellion
Informal Social
- Is another Control
response open to
those who reject - Is enforced by
both ends and members of a
means community or a
society rather
Rebels than by a law
- They do not only 5 Means of Informal
rejected both the Social Control:
established
cultural goals and Shaming
the accepted - Humiliating or
means of ridiculing
attaining them,
 someone for a means of informal
socially unwanted social control
or deviant
Education: Its
behavior
Importance to the
Praising Society
- It refers to Education
expressions of
- Is social
approval and
institution that
positive feedback
formally
Gossiping socializes
members of the
- Spreading rumors
society
or information
- Refers to the
about an
process through
individual
which sills,
Physical Aggression knowledge and
values are
- Using physical transmitted from
force through the teachers to
hitting, pushing, the learners
kicking or - In the Philippines,
enforcing any by law, education
other kind of is obligatory for
physical 13 years
aggression (kindergarten and
against someone grade 1-12)
is also a form of
informal social 3 Government
control agencies that handle
education in the
Informal Dress Codes Philippines:
- Enforcing - DEPED
unwritten rules or - CHED
expectations - TESDA
about fashion
styles and ways o Types of Education:
dress can be
classified as
1. Formal
Education
3 levels of Formal
- An education that
Education:
based on a set
curriculum - Primary
- An education that education
is provided in - Secondary
educational education
institutions and - Tertiary
training centres education
2. Non Formal
Education Parts of Formal
- An organized Education:
educational - Vocational
activity that takes education
place outside a - Special education
formal set up (SPED)
- It has no age
limit, even adults Functions of
can take part in a education in a Society:
nonformal - Give training in
education specific skills; or
program the basic general
3. Informal education literacy
Education - Prepares
- A lifelong process individuals for job
of learning by - Preserving
which every culture from
person acquires generation to
and accumulates generation
knowledge, skills, - Encouraging
attitude from daily democratic
experiences at participation
home, at work, at through verbal
play, and from life skills
itself - Develop the
person’s ability to
think, logically
and critically
 - Enriching life by - Everyone has the
enabling the right to education
students to (Universal
expand his/her Declaration of
intellectual and human rights)
aesthetic education has to
personal be free and
counseling compulsory at
- Improving least in the
personal primary level,
adjustment higher education
through personal and technical-
counseling vocational
- Improving the education should
health of the be made
nation’s youth generally
- Producing available
nationalistic - Education is
citizens fundamental
- Build personal human right and
character essential for the
exercise of all
Important Goals of
other human
Education:
rights (UNESCO).
Productive citizenry It promotes
individual
- Refers to an idea freedom and
that a citizen can empowerment
create and yields
opportunities to important
become development
productive benefits
Self-Actualization Curriculum Goals
- Refers to a desire Based on 1987
for self-fulfilment Philippine
Constitution:
Primary Education as
Basic Human Right:
 - Inculcate particular place
patriotism and but do not
nationalism significantly
- Foster of love of interact or identify
humanity with one another
- Promote respect
Social Categories
for human rights
- Appreciate the - People who
role of national share a common
heroes in the characteristics
historical (such as gender
development of or occupation)
the country but do not
- Strengthen necessarily
ethical and interact or identify
spiritual values with one another
- Develop moral
character and Group
personal - A collection of
discipline individuals who
- Encourage critical have regular
and creative contact and
thinking frequents
- Broaden scientific interaction,
and technological mutual influence,
knowledge and and common
promote feelings of
vocational belongingness,
efficiency and who work
How Society is together to
Organized: achieve a
common set of
Social Aggregates goals
- A simple of Social Group
collection of
people who - Defined as a
happened to be collection of
together in a people who
regularly interact
 with one another - One feels loyalty
on the basis of and respect for
shared these
expectations - Fraternity
concerning
Out- Group
behavior and who
share a sense of - Social groups
common identity that an individual
does not identify
Two Types of Groups
with
According to
- One feels
Influence:
antagonism and
Primary Group contempt for
these groups
- Typically a small
- Sports team
group whose
opponent
members share
close, personal, Reference group
and enduring
- A group which we
relationship
compare
Secondary Group ourselves
- Called as “identity
- Can be small or
association
large and they
group” since their
are mostly and
creation is fuelled
usual short term
by a person’s
- Typically found at
desire to provide
work and school
a character
Two types of groups connection
according to
Networks
membership:
- Defined as sets
In- Group
of formal and
- Social groups to informal social
which an ties that link
individual feels he people to each
or she belongs other
Cultural, Social and based on blood is
Political Institutions: considered as the
most basic and
Institution
general forms of
- A society or relation
organization - The relationship
founded for a is achieved by
religious, birth or blood
educational, affinity and
social or similar descent is an
purposes important key
- Established law, concept
practice or
Descent
custom
- Organization, - Refers to a
foundation, biological
establishment, relationship
institute, centre - also refers to an
individuals or
Kinship
offspring his/her
- A social parents and
institution that ancestry
refers to relations
Lineage
formed between
members of - refers to the line
society where one’s
- A network of descent is traced
relatives within - an individual’s
which an descent can be
individual posses traced by
certain mutual studying either
rights and the person’s
obligations paternal or
maternal line or
Types of Kinship:
both the father’s
Kinship by blood and the mother’s
line
- Consanguineal
kinship or kinship Forms of Descent:
Unilineal descent - in this form of
descent pattern,
- Where descent is
person’s are
usually traced by
related if they can
the most
trace their
societies through
descent to the
a single line of
same woman
ancestors from
ancestor
either the male or
female line Bilateral Descent
Patrilineal Descent - kinship is traced
through both
- This is where
ancestral lines of
both males and
mother and father
females belong to
the kin group of Nonunilineal or
their father but cognatic descent
they do not
- Where societies
belong to their
trace their
mother’s kin
descent through
group
the study of both
- in this form of
parent’s ancestor
descent, only
- One of its
male pass on to
common forms is
their children their
the bilateral
family identity
descent
- a woman’s
children are Types of Kinship:
members of her
husband’s Kinship by Marriage
patrilineal line (Affinal kinship or
Matrilineal Descent kinship based on
marriage)
- this focuses on
the unilineal - Refers to the type
descent that is of relations
traced through developed when
the female line a marriage occur
- When marriage
takes place, new
 forms of social - From the Greek
relations are words monos and
developed gamos which
literally mean
Marriage
“one union”
- Is an important - Refers to the
institution marriage or
wherein two sexual partnering
persons, a man custom or
or a woman, practice where an
enter into family individual has
life only one male or
- During this female partner to
process, the mate
partners make a
Polygamy
public, official and
permanent - Refers to the
declaration of practice of having
their union as a more than one
lifetime couples partner
- Can be a
Kinds of Marriage:
polygyny (a man
Endogamy has a multiple
partners) or
- The social rule polyandry ( a
which states that woman has a
a partner must be multiple male
selected from a partners)
person’s own
social group Referred Marriage

Exogamy - When
matchmakers
- The rule which help their single
proclaims that a friends or relative
partner must be to find their
chosen from a possible husband
group different or wife by
from one’s own referring him or
Monogamy her to another
 man woman who Diplomatic Marriage
is also interested
- This form of
in finding the
marriage occurs
partner
when an
Fixed or Arranged arranged
marriage has
- Done to ensure
been established
that the young
between two
man and woman
royal and political
will marry the
families in order
most appropriate
to forge political
persona
diplomatic
according to the
alliances
dictates and rules
set by the family, Modern Arranged
community, or Marriage
religious group
- In this form of
Child Marriage marriage, the
child’s parents,
- It happens when
with the consent
parents arrange
of the child,
for the marriage
choose from
of their child long
several possible
before the
partner
marriage takes
- The parents
place
organize a
- The marriage will
meeting with the
be consummated
potential partner
in the future
of their child
Exchange Marriage - Parents usually
have a say of
- In this form of their child’s
marriage there is choice
a reciprocal
exchange of Kinds of Marriage:
spouses between
Group Marriage
two countries,
tribes or groups
 - The marriage of co-parenthood or
several men with family
several women - Orginating in the
medieval catholic
Post-Marital
church in Europe,
Residency Rules:
this can be done
1. Patrilocal through the
- Rule of residence performance of
occurs when catholic rituals
married couples like baptism,
stay in the house confirmation, and
of the husband’s marriage.
kin
Family
2. Matrilocal
- Rule of residence - Considered the
happens when basic unit of
the couple live organization
with the wife’s - Made up of a
relatives or near group of
the wife’s kin individuals who
3. Biolocal are linked
- Residence together by
happens when marriage, blood
the newlywed relations or
couples stays adoptions
with husband’s - Constitutes a
relatives and single household
wife’s kin that interrelated
alternately with each other
and performs the
Types of Kinship:
social roles of a
Kinship by Rituals husband, wife,
mother, father,
- Compadrazgo, brother, and
literally translated sister.
as
“godparenthood”, Household
is a ritualized
- It is defined as
form of forging
ether one person
 living alone or - Sometimes called
group of people a step family,
living together reconstituted
who share living family, or a
arrangements complex family
Types of Family: Types of Kinship:
1. Nuclear family Political Kinship
- Type of family is
- Kinship relations
made up of a
may extend to
group of people
people an
who are united by
individual or a
social ties and is
family has
usually made up
political affiliation
of two adults and
with
their socially
recognized Political dynasty
children
2. Extended family - Refer to the
- Type of family system of
whose members succession of
go beyond the political leaders
nuclear family from the same
made up of their family or clan that
parents and their maintains the
offspring power for many
3. Blended family generations
- Type of family Political Alliances
where the
parents have a - Are formed when
child or children political parties and
from their forge cooperation
previous marital with other stronger
relationships but parties or with the
all the members administration party
stay and to ensure victory in
congregate to the elections or
form a new family guarantee the
unit
 passage of
legislation
- Politicians would
continue to receive
more funds, resource
and support from the
ruling party or
administration party