Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Taiwan Formosa Takao Province
Taiwan Formosa Takao Province
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i. CIVIL AFFAIRS HANDBOOK
L15T TAIWAN (FORMOSA)
1944 Tukuo Province
OPNAV 13-22
NAVY DEPARTMENT
1 OCTOBER 1944
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NAVY DEPARTMENT
1 OCTOBER 1944
RESTRICTED
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1. There will be issued from time to time several types of civil affairs publi
cations for the guidance and assistance of naval personnel in carrying out
their responsibilities in occupied Areas. These publications will be princi
pally Handbooks, Guides, and Manuals.
2. Civil Affairs Handbooks are factual studies of general information per
taining to civil affairs in specific areas.
*
ii
Documents
Expeditef RESTRICTED
Elly '48
LETTER OF PROMUL.GATION
Washington 25, D. C.
1 October 1944
OPNAV 13-22
iii
TAIWAN
TAKAO PROVINCE
o TAICHU
TAICHU PROVINCE
PREFACE
This handbook is intended to be a catalog of facts 1. The Japanese and Chinese use the same written
about Takao Province that will be useful to civil affairs characters but pronounce them differently.
officers. In addition to specific data, some general infor 2. The Chinese pronunciation varies according to the
mation is given to supplement that appearing in OPNAV Chinese dialect.
50E-12, Restricted, Civil Affairs Handbook, Taiwan 3. The Japanese have two or more pronunciations for
(Formosa) and OPNAV 50E-13, Restricted, Civil Affairs many characters but no fixed rule governing their
Handbook, Taiwan (Formosa)—Economic Supplement. use.
Page
Letter of Promulgation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V. Industrial, commercial, and financial firms. . 25
Administrative Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. General statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
a. Corporate organization . . . . . . . . 25
PART I b. Monopoly bureau offices . . . . . . . . 25
2. Large multi-functional firms . . . . . . . . 25
PROVINCIAL DATA
3. Firms not otherwise listed . . . . . . . . . . 25
I. Geography and land use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Aluminum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
1. General statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. Automobiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2. Geography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. Banks and investment companies. . . . 28
3. Climate 7. Beverages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
4. Earthquakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. Brick and tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
5. Land use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. Cement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
II. Agriculture 10. Chemicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
1. General statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11. Electric power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2. Government agencies dealing with 12. Exporters, importers, and commission
agriculture agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
3. Farm population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : 13. Fishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
4. Rice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14. Fertilizer companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
5. “Common” and “special” agricultural 15. Fruits and vegetables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16. Ice and cold storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
6. Vegetables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17. Metals, machinery, engineering. . . . . . 35
7. Other products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 18. Mining, petroleum, coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
. Coffee 10 19. Real estate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
. Sisal and derris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 20. Rice and cereals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
. Castor beans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 21. Sugar and alcohol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
8.
i . Quinine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Coca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Perilla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bananas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9. Pineapples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10
10
10
10.
11
VI.
22. Theaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23. Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24. Wood products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Newspapers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1. General statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39
39
41
46
46
10. Other fruits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2. The Takao News . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 46
i Water transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rickshaws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lighthouses and meteorological
observatories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
20
4. Deposit bureau offices . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5. Fire fighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6. Prisons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7. Welfare organizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
59
59
59
59
vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS_Continued
Page
Public finance . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . ... ... . . . . 2. The gai and sho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... . . . . .. . . Denryo-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General statement . . . .. . .. . . . .. . . . . . Kizan-gai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . .. . ... .. . .. . . Kosen-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
XII.
i
Malaria . . . . . . . . .
Venereal diseases .
.
.
. ........ . . .. ...
. . . . .. .. . .. . .. ..
Port quarantine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health agencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Schools and libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .
VII.
i .
.
. Mino-sho . . . . . .
Naimon-sho . . .
Sanrin-sho . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Koshun-gun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1. Distinctive features of Koshun-gun. . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
PART II
c. Shajo-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
VIII. Okayama-gun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LOCAL DATA
1. Distinctive features of Okayama-gun. .
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
2. The gai and sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
II. Takao City . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 . Aren-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
III. Choshu-gun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Enso-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1. Special features of Choshu-gun . . . . . . . 74
i
Choko-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. Empo-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. Kyukai-sho ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Riko-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
75
77
77
77
77
i . Ryukyu-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. Shinen-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Toko-gai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
APPENDICES
. Rokki-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
g. Takagi-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . 77 I. Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
V. Hozan-gun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . 80 . Takao City . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1. Special features of Hozan-gun. . .... . . 80 . Heito City . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. The gai and sho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . 80 Choshu-gun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. Hozan-gai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . 80 . Heito-gun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. Jimbu-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 . Hozan-gun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Kominate-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 . Kizan-gun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
VI.
i . Rinen-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. Taiju-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tairyo-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
g. Torimatsu-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Kizan-gun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
...
...
...
...
81
81
82
82
82
II.
. Koshun-gun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‘. . .
Okayama-gun . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Toko-gun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Alphabetical list of cities, towns and
villages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1. Distinctive features of Kizan-gun. ... 82 III. Japanese weights and measures. . . . . . . . . . .
LIST OF TABLES
No. Page No. Page
Table Table
1. Taxed land in Taiwan by character of use. . . . . 3 28. Location of police stations, post offices, doctors
2. Untaxed land in Taiwan by character of use. . . 3 and schools in Takao City and Heito City. . . . 60
3. Taxed land in Takao Province by character of 29. Location of Police stations, post offices, doctors
uSe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 and schools in Choshu-gun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
4. Untaxed land in Takao Province by character 30. Location of police stations, post offices, doctors
of use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - and schools in Heito-gun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... • * * 61
5. Value of agricultural production, Taiwan and 31. Location of police stations, post offices, doctors
Takao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 and schools in Hozan-gun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
6. Farm households and size of farms. . . . . . . . . . . 7 32. Location of police stations, post offices, doctors
and schools in Kizam-gun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
7. Income and expense per ko of sugar cane cul
tivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 33. Location of police stations, post offices, doctors
and schools in Koshun-gun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
8. Income and expense per ko of rice cultivation. . 7
9. Rice: area and production, 1939. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 34. Location of police stations, post offices, doctors
and schools in Okayama-gun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
10. Rice delivery points in Takao Province. . . . . . . . 8
11. Common agricultural products: area and pro 35. Location of police stations, post offices, doctors
and schools in Toko-gun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
duction, 1939,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
12. Special agricultural products: area and pro 36. Estimated revenue for Takao provincial govern
ment, 1939 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
duction, 1939 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 |
37. Estimated expenditures of Takao provincial
13. Vegetables: area and production, 1939. . . . . . . 9
government, 1939 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
14. Coffee: area and production, 1939. . . . . . . . . . . 10
38. Estimated revenue of shi, gai, and sho in Takao
15. Sisal and derris: area and production, 1939. . . 10
Province, 1939 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16. Bananas: area and production, 1939. . . . . . . . . . 10
39. Estimated expenditures of shi, gai, and sho in
17. Pineapples: area and production, 1939. . . . . . . . 11
Takao Province, 1939. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
18. Citrus fruits: area and production, 1939. . . . . . 11
40. Health agencies: Taiwan and Takao Province,
19. Other fruits: area and production, 1939. . . . . . 11 1939 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
20. Crop damage in Takao Province, 1939. . . . . . . . . 12
93
41. Population of Takao Province, 1935 and 1940..
21. Livestock, 1939 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 93
42. Population of Takao Province by sex, 1940. . . .
22. Livestock slaughter, 1939. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
94
43. Population of Takao City, by subdivisions, 1935
23. Poultry, 1939 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
94
44. Population of Heito City, by subdivisions, 1935
24. Crop area and production (3 Japanese settle 45. Population of Choshu-gun, by subdivisions, 1935 95
ments) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 96
46. Population of Heito-gun, by subdivisions, 1935
25. Distances from Takao City to stations on the 47. Population of Hozan-gun, by subdivisions, 1935 97
main line. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 99
48. Population of Kizam-gun, by subdivisions, 1935
26. Nokai budget for Taiwan and Takao Province, 49. Population of Kosh un-gun, by subdivisions, 1935 100
1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 50. Population of Okayama-gun, by subdivisions,
27. Chikusan-kai budget for Taiwan and Takao - 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 101
Province, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 51. Population of Toko-gun, by subdivisions, 1935. . 103
viii
ILLUSTRATIONS
Number Page Number Page
1. Looking down upon the rough lava foreshore 22. Taiwan Sugar Company, factories 1 and 2,
Kyoshito, Takao Province 45
of (Sho) Ryukyu Island. A windbreak of
trees protects a small section of paddy fields 23. Bank of Taiwan, Takao Branch. . . . . . . . . . . . 45
and a farmhouse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24. Heito City offices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
25. Takao provincial offices and radio tower...... 56
The surface of (Sho) Ryukyu Island is too
26. Kigo, an old Formosan-Chinese settlement
extensively eroded to be generally cultivated 70
near Takao harbor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scenes on a sugar plantation: a tractor at
| 27. Looking south along Kigo peninsula from the
work, varieties of sugarcane, and Formo
14 ruins of the old Chinese fort at Takao har
san-Chinese cutting cane. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sugarcane 15 bor. This narrow sand-bar separates Takao
Lagoon (left) from the sea (right) 70
Pineapple fields 15
28. View of Takao City, looking west toward the
Pulling in a fishing net on the beach of Dai
17 harbor. The skyline (Kigo Peninsula) has
banretsu Bay 72
been deleted
Bringing a whale ashore at the Daibanretsu
29. Takao railroad station. (This may have been
whaling station 17
replaced by a new structure.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Garambi radio station. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
30. Coconut trees lining a street in Takao City. . 73
Shijukei hot springs, Koshun-gun . . . . . . . . . . . 21
31. Gate in the remains of the old city wall, Takao 73
10. Kyukyokudo railway bridge over the Shimo
Birdseye view of Heito City. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
tamsui River between Hozan and Heito. . . . 21
33. View of the countryside looking east from
11. Catholic church and adjacent bridge, looking Takao toward Hozan from the Asano
toward Reigaryo industrial area, Takao.
Cement Company property. Much of this
The bridge is believed to have been replaced
22
land is now taken up by military barracks
by a concrete structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . and storehouses 78
12. The main road north of Koshun. . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
34. Paiwan village near Heito. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
13. Confucian temple on the road between Koshun 35. Paiwan aboriginal dwelling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
and Koryu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
36. Chief of a Paiwan tribe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
14. Heito railroad station. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
37. Garambi lighthouse, showing Daibanretsu Bay
15. Japanese Army Air Forces Headquarters at 86
and Byobito Cape to the west. . . . . . . . . . . .
Heito . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 38. Sekimon (Stonegate) in Koshun-gun, the nar
16. Loading a banana cargo at Takao. . . . . . . . . . 42
row ravine in which the Japanese Expedi
17. Dock facilities at Takao. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
tionary Forces in 1874 inflicted the first
18. Alcohol factory on Takao waterfront, looking major defeat on the aborigines of the South.
east . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 This is typical of the mountain wall which
19. Asano cement works, Takao, looking east. . . . 43 87
rises abruptly east of the Takao-Heito plain.
20. Unidentified sugar mill “at Heito”. . . . . . . . . . 39. Betel-nut palms and Paiwan aborigine huts,
21. Unidentified sugar mill “near IIeito” . . . . . . . . 44 Takao Province 92
ADMINISTRATIVE TERMINOLOGY
Location of places in Takao Province (Takao shu) is administration. The town or village with the
indicated by shi (city); gun (county); gai (town); sho same name as the gai as a whole is usually the
(cluster of villages); and sha (aborigine village). Cho administrative seat.
and chome are subdivisions within a city. Banchi is the
street number. As there are no precise equivalents in
sho Essentially the same as a gai except for the
English for some of these terms, the terms themselves name. Although the term “town” is frequently
are used frequently in this handbook. Reference to the used for gai and “village” for sho this is inaccu
population tables in the appendix will help clarify the rate as some sho are larger than some gai. To
terms, as population data are organized according to avoid confusion, the Japanese words should be
these divisions. used consistently.
cho An administrative division of a city, usually
gun Administrative-geographical division of the composed of several blocks. The same Japanese
province. It may be translated roughly as county, character can be read machi and local usage
but it is preferable to use the Japanese term. determines which reading is used.
There are seven gun in Takao Province.
chome A division of a cho. Not all the cho in Taiwan
shi Incorporated city which includes the cho sub cities are divided into chome.
divisions and what Americans would call subur
ban towns. There are ten shi in Taiwan, two of banchi Street number.
them, Takao-shi and Heito-shi, being in Takao sha Aborigine village.
Province. All of the shi, with the exception of
Takao-shi, lie within the boundaries of some gum,
In American usage addresses are given by writing first
but they are not under the gum administration
nor is the shi population counted in computing the street number, then the street, city, and state. The
reverse order is followed in Japan and in Taiwan, for
the population of the gum. The administrative
example, Takao-shu, Takao-shi, Minato-cho, 1 chome, 24
offices of these gun, however, are located in the
shi. banchi; or again, Choshu-gun, Choshu-gai, Choshu.
Personal names are written in accordance with the
gai The term gai is used (1) to designate a single Japanese custom of the family name first, and the family
town and (2) to designate a group of towns or name is capitalized to minimize the possibility of con
villages, one of them being the seat of the gai fusion.
Part I.
PROVINCIAL DATA
1. GENERAL STATEMENT. Within Takao Province is Takao the Shimo-tamsui, rises southwest of Mt. Niitaka. It flows
City, the most important industrial center in Taiwan, a to Kizan, which is outside the plain, and runs parallel
city which is also the second most important port on the with the Rono River. The Shimo-tamsui and the Rono
island. In 1940 the province contained 857,321 people, empty into the sea at Toko. A very extensive riparian
roughly 15 per cent of the population of Taiwan, and project has been developed on the Shimo-tamsui, consist
including nearly 35,000 aborigines (about 23 per cent of ing of large-scale reclamation works, embankments and
the Taiwan aborigine population). There were 46,676 irrigating systems designed to control the flood waters
Japanese in the area in 1940, 35,083 of them residing in of the river and to impound and distribute evenly the sea
Takao City and Heito City. Agriculture constitutes the sonal overflow. Since 1927 the government has spent over
most important enterprise and represents about 15 per ¥11,000,000 on the project. Levees have been constructed
cent of the agricultural products of Taiwan. Forty per at Choko, Enpo, Riko, Doko, Rokkaisaku, Bantan, Tairyo,
cent of the island's fishing products come from Takao Rinen, Shinen and other places whose names are not
Province. Extensive military fortifications and airfields available. The total length of the levees (about 1936) was
center about Takao City. There are two cities, Takao given as 50 miles.
and Heito, seven gun and 43 gai or sho in the province. The third river system is at the southern end of the
province, at the end of the Central Mountain Range. The
2. GEOGRAPHY. Takao extends from Mt. Niitaka on the rivers are short, are turbulent, and vary greatly with the
north to Garambi at the southern tip of Taiwan, a dis seasons. The Shiju, the Shidokyaku, the Fuko, and the
tance of about 120 miles. The width of the province at Koko are in this system.
its widest point is about 60 miles. Mountains and hills The coast-line on the east, south, and southwest is
cover the larger part of the area, particularly to the characterized largely by sea-cliffs. The west coast-line is
east and northeast. A portion of the two main mountain about 70 miles in length and is, in the main, low and
ranges of Taiwan, the Central or Taiwan Range and sandy in the center and north. The farther south one
the Niitaka Range, which is to the west of the Central goes, the nearer the foothills of the mountains approach
Range, run north and south in the province. In all of the shore. As shown on the rivers and harbors map,
Taiwan there are 79 peaks exceeding 3,000 meters in there are a number of anchorages off the coast, but there
height. The Central Range has a dozen peaks in Takao is no port except Takao City capable of sheltering any
Province about 3000 meters in height. From northeast thing other than fishing boats and junks. Daibanretsu is
to south they are: Shukoran-san, Taisuikutsu-san, Sen a regular port of call for Japanese coastal vessels, but
san, Seppo-san, Nanosozu-san, Seki-san, Shoseki-san, the passengers must land by means of a launch.
Hinanshu-san, Chihonshu-san, Taibu-san, Minami-san Sho-Ryukyu-to (little Ryukyu or Lambei Is.) is a
and Taijurin-san. Peaks in the Niitaka Range are Nang coral islet 2.5 miles long from NE to SW and about one
yoku-san, Nammen-san, Shimborei-san, Taichikukei-san mile wide, situated 8 miles SSW of Toko. It is under the
and Naimyo-san. jurisdiction of Toko gun. Between Toko and Sho-Ryukyu
Three large plains are the centers of population and the water is unusually deep and there are many places
agricultural production: the Takao Plain, the Heito where the bottom has not been found. Like a great ditch
Plain, and the Koshun Plain, which runs from Shajo on in the sea, this extends from the west to the north of
the north, through Koshun-gai to the sea on the southern Sho-Ryukyu where it turns north and extends to a spot
end of the island. about one mile of the mouth of the Shimo-tamsui River.
There are three river systems. One (the Takao plain) In the channel between Taiwan and the Philippines lie
is characterized by sandhills and few rivers. The Nisoko a group of seven small rocks known as the Shichisei-gan.
River runs through it from its headwaters at Mokusaku They are nine nautical miles south of Garambi and were
in Kizan-gun. The altitude of the headwaters is not great the southernmost part of the Japanese pre-war empire.
and the stream is sluggish. Other small streams of the
plain empty into coastal lagoons and swamps. The Takao 3. CLIMATE. Average annual temperatures are about
River, for instance, enters a long lagoon at Takao City. 73°F. July is the warmest month with nearly 82°F., and
The second system is that of the Heito plain, through February the coolest with a little less than 62°F. Abso
which flows the Shimo-tamsui River, 99 miles long, the lute maximum temperatures of higher than 98°F. have
second longest in Taiwan. The Nanshisen River, above been recorded in July, and every month may have tem
TAKAO PROVINCE
– RIVERS – STREAMS
- HARBORS -
(TAIwan)
--> -----
-raxac River
-ni-to-Tar-sui zivre
------ ~/
£2 Mºnu-1 ºve
-o"r-u-o ºrvºº
---oo-u Riv-- -
Fuxo Riv-n
-on------
summer winds (8–9 miles per hour). There is an aver * A ko equals 2.397 acres.
age of 50.6 days with gales, with a winter maximum, 6.3 * The number of units of privately owned land is not to be confused
with the number of owners, as one man may own more than one plot
days with strong gales, mostly in late summer or early of ground.
fall but possible in any month; and less than one day a Source: Taiwan Survey, 1939.
year with typhoons. The typhoon season is in the early
fall. There is an average of 44.3 days a year with thunder Table 2: Untazed land in Taiwan, by use, area, number
storms, three-fourths of which occur from June to Sep of taxable units, and ownership, 1939.
tember. Maximum wind velocities of over 120 miles per
hour have been recorded in August. Government owned Privately owned
'a a.
Area Number of Area Number of
Type of land in ko units" in ko units"
4. EARTHQUAKES. Taiwan, lying along the volcanic belt
Total . ..... ... .. ...... 87,3462 130,406 92.838" 613,113
that encircles the Pacific, has upwards of 300 earthquakes
a year. Though few of them are violent, an occasional de Paddy fields . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,418 9,052 133 578
Dry fields . . . . . . . 11,112 192 422
structive quake causes"great damage and loss of life. In Fish culture lan 195 0 0
Building sites . . . . 6,842 1.657 18,654
March, 1906, 21,000 houses were destroyed with a loss of Mountain forest . . . - 28,544 20,413 1,591
Miscellaneous land . . . . . 596 6.875 812 2,538
nearly 4,000 lives. The great earthquake of April, 1935, Salt fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 24 - 2,586 1,305
took a toll of 5,000 lives and 55,000 houses. As the force Mineral springs . . . . . . . . 6,720 3 8,372 5
Ponds and marshes . . . . . 368 501 12,093 30,312
of the disturbance tends to be confined to a small geo Plain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 20,860 22.671 19,576 58,179
Pasture . . . . . . . 48 38 2,454 128
graphic area, the burden upon the local authorities is Shrine sites . . . . .
-
-
- - -
17 40 159 485
correspondingly great. Two years after the 1935 quake, Confucian shrine sites 6 99 415 5,036
Cemetery sites . . 1,668 740 10.743 26,793
which visited only Shinchiku and Taichu provinces, the Railroad sites .. - 817 1,274 110 525
Park sites . . . . . . . . . - - 5 37 167 363
reconstruction of the devastated area was reported to be Military tarining sites. . 1.409 871 225 644
only partly finished. The earthquakes usually are felt Shooting ranges . . . . . . . . - 111 56 2.358 2
Battery sites . . . . . . . . . . . 333 697 0. 2
more severely in the north than in the south. Lighthouse sites . . . . . . 58 16 0.2 1
Roads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 846 28,086 5,310 213,966
Railroad tracks - 756 4.517 5 tº 4.959
Ditches . . . . . . . . - 21 207 111 626
5. LAND USE. Japanese authorities divide Taiwan into Gutters . . . . . . - 839 7,458 15, 106 240,856
the Heichi, or plains region, and the Banchi, or aborigine Embankments 48 451 297 5,145
region, and place restrictions on travel between the two. "The number of units of privately owned land is not to be confused
The aborigine region is in the mountains. In Takao with the number of owners, as a single man may own more than one
unit.
Province it occupies 294,778 ko of land, as opposed to * Given total 87,346 does not agree with calculated total 94,067.
295,155 ko in the plains region. Japanese statistics on * Given total 92,838 does not agree with calculated total 103,838.2.
Table 3: Taxed land in Takao Province, by use, area,
number of tazable units amd total taxes, 1939.
Mineral springs . . . . . . 0 0 0 0 0. 0. 0 0.
Ponds and marshes 19 31 549 1,304 119 24 7.43 308
Plain . . .. . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 626 1,344 5,005 4,056 1,902 3,572 6,379
Pasture 0 0 0 o 48 38 0 o
Shrine sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0. 6 17 0. 0 9 14
36 10 35 107 197 39 21 80
0 0 0. 25 0.
0 0. 0 0. o o o
0.5 0. 0. 24 3 0. 0.
2 90 18 134 0 0. 0. 72
1. GENERAL state MENt. In order of value of produce, lation and about 15 per cent of the agricultural production
the chief agricultural crops in Takao Province are rice, of the island. As shown in the following table, Takao
sugar cane, sweet potatoes, bananas, tobacco, and pine Province had a higher proportion of horticultural prod
apples. The province has about 15 per cent of the popu ucts than the island as a whole.
* Tables in this section have been compiled from the Taiwan Annual Agricultural Report, prepared by the
Agricultural Affairs Section of the Industrial Bureau of Government-General and reprinted in the Taiwan
Agricultural Review. The figures do not include the aborigine territory.
* See below for products included under “common” and “special”.
2. The surface of Sho Ryukyu Island is too extensively eroded to be generally cultivated.
6
and part tenants. They were on farms of the following clearly are biased in support of his position, they are of
sizes: - interest.
Table 6: Farm households and size of farms, 1939. Table 7: Income and earpense per ko of sugar came cul
tivation.
Farm households
Size of farm in ko Number Per cent
Total expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ¥1,068
Total. all farms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . 68,493 100.00 Seedlings 60
Expense for fertilizer 220
19,819 28.94
Expense of cultivation 150
15,324 22.37
17,282 25.23
Land rent (at the rate of 75 koku for 16 months at W 6) 600
Water tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. ... 8
8,128 11.87
5,420 7.91
Interest on previous loan from sugar company, 8 months
1,530 2.23
at 7.2 per cent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 30
624 0.91
300 0.44
Total income: sale of 15,000 kin of cane at ¥ 58 per 10,000
kin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ¥ 870
66 0.10
Net loss 198
years required for one cane crop. In addition, cane pro * Actually income for the farmer.
duction does not permit the production of vegetables and
livestock which is possible with rice. Sugar cane is prof In 1929 the total area of standing crop in rice in Taiwan
itable in fields where there is not quite sufficient water was 585,566 ko. There was a fairly steady increase in
for rice, or where the land is not quite fertile enough. area until the maximum of 702,685 ko was reached in
The following tables (7 and 8), comparing the costs of 1936. There was a decline to 645,548 ko in 1939, the date
production are from the Liu Ming-tien, Investigation of of the latest available figures. Detailed figures on rice
the Rice Policy in Taiwan, 1940. Although the tables production for 1939 in Takao Province are as follows:
1st crop - - () () 0.
2nd crop 7.956. () 60,658 7.62 1,444,077 23.81
Dry-field rice, glutinous, total. 5.0 54. - 1,286 -
1st crop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . () () - 0 -
7
Table 10: Rice delivery points in Takao Province.
(Published as Taiwan Government-General Proclamation no. 615, dated 12/29/1940; revised version of Article 7 of
Enacting Regulations to Taiwan Rice Exports Supervision Ordinance.)
Delivery Place
Inspection Office at Warehouse Maintained by
County Municipality
Takao-shi Taiwan Gov. Gen. Rice Bureau, Takao Rice Warehouse
Taiwan Gov. Gen. Traffic Bureau, Railways Division
Taiwan Shipping Corp.
Nippon Transport Corp.
Nitto Merchant Marine Ass'n., Inc. -
Maruichi Ass'n.
Takao Province Rice Credit Trading Cooperative, with Surety Responsibility; Takao Warehouse
Takao Province Rice Credit Trading Cooperative, with Surety Responsibility; Kyujo Station
Warehouse
Ka Chi-ko
Okayama Okayama-gai Sha Ko-shu
Tai Ka
Tai Ryo-kei
Nanshi-sho Taiwan Warehouse Corp.
Chin Shim-batsu
Ri Ro
Sai Ra-kan
Sun Fuku-se
Rochiku-sho So Tei-ki
Rochiku-sho Rice Credit Trading Cooperative, with Surety Responsibility
Go Min-toku
Konai-sho Yo Ten-shi
Aren-sho Ri Mo-gyu
Enso-sho Enso-sho Rice Credit Trading Cooperative with Surety Responsibility
Mida-sho Mida-sho Rice Credit Trading Cooperative with Surety Responsibility
Hozan-gai Hozan-gai Rice Credit Trading Cooperative with Surety Responsibility, Farm Warehouse
Nippon Transport Corp.
Hozan-gun Rice Control Ass'n.
Goto Ryushi
Shoko-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shoko-sho Rice Credit Trading Cooperative with Surety Responsibility
So Ei
Rinen-sho Rin Den-u
Dairyo-sho Go Sei-chi
Daiju-sho Nippon Transport Corp.
Nitto Merchant Marine Ass'n., Inc.
Taiwan Warehouse Corp.
O Chu
Heito-shi Taiwan Shipping Corp.
Nippon Express Corp.
Nitto Merchant Marine Ass'n., Inc.
Takao-shu Agricultural Ass’n., Farm Warehouse
Heito-shi Rice Control Ass'n.
Heito-gun Rice Control Ass'n.
Choko-sho
| Choko-sho Rice Credit Trading Cooperative with Surety Responsibility
Embo-sho Embo-sho Rice Credit Trading Cooperative with Surety Responsibility
Koju-sho Ryo Ko-un
Riko-sho Rin Sei
Kyukai-sho ... Chin So-chin
Choshu-shi .. .. . .. . .. . . Taiwan Gov. Gen. Rice Bureau, Choshu Station Rice Warehouse
Nitto Merchant Marine Ass’n., Inc.
Takao-shu Agricultural Ass'n., Farm Warehouse
Choshu-gun Rice Control Ass'n.
O Kin-chin
Chikuden-sho Taiwan Gov. Gen. Rice Bureau, Saisei Station Rice Warehouse
Nitto Merchant Marine Ass'n., Inc.
Maruichi Ass'n.
Banran-sho Rin Kei-un
Naiho-sho Yamato Rice Credit Trading Cooperative, with Surety Responsibility
Shimbi-sho Sho Kei-jo
Boryo-sho Boryo-sho Rice Credit Trading Cooperative, with Surety Responsibility
Suiteiryo Rice Credit Trading Cooperative, with Surety Responsibility
Rimben-sho Nitto Merchant Marine Ass'n., Inc.
Rimben-sho Rice Credit Trading Cooperative, with Surety Responsibility
Sha Jo
Toko-gai Toko-gun Rice Control Ass'n.
Seki Sui
Shinen-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . Chin Min-rai
Ryo Ka-sei
Bantan-sho . O Ban-toku
Kato-sho Kato-sho Rice Credit Trading Cooperative, with Surety Responsibility
Kizan-gai Nippon Transcorpt Corp.
Ri U-ban
Bino-sho Bino-sho Rice Credit Trading Cooperative, with Surety Responsibility
Ryu Tem-bo
Sanrin-sho O Fuku-ryu
5. “COMMON” AND “SPECIAL” AgriculturAL PRODUCTS. nese include under each category and the 1939 produc
The following tables indicate what products the Japa tion for Takao Province.
Table 11: Common agricultural products: Area and production, 1939.
(Area of each product for all Taiwan is included for comparison)
Average
Average price
Area of standing production per koku
crop, in ko A mount per ko, or per
— harvested in in koku Value 100 kin
- --- Taiwan Takao P. koku or kin or kin in yen in ven
kin
Sweet potato . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - 130,320.7 20,247.9 344,072,711 16,993 5,944,998 1.73
Barley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,109.9 0. 0. - 0 -
Wheat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,950.8 0. 0. - 0 -
koku
German millet (Awa) 1,697.7 2.3 12 5.22 168 14.00
Millet (Kibi) . . . . . . . . . . 215.4 0. 0. - 0. -
koku
Indian millet (Morokoshi) ........ 3,461.4 27.6 º: orcu.
19.58 13.18.1 24.36
tra
Sugar cane for raw consumption. ... 1,563.0 343.6 35,366,609 102,982 310,315 8.771
Buckwheat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 0 0. - 0 -
1 per 1000 Kim.
kin
Arrowroot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.9 8.6 52,184 6,075 2,374 4.55
Cassava (Manihot) . . .... . . . ... ... 5,808.3 591.2 12,221,474 20,673 206,452 1.69
Ramie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,883.2 295.5 345,535 1,169 135,996 39.36
Jute (all kinds)* . . . .............. . 23,838.3 3,092.7 2,692,169 870 321,810 11.95
Rough jute . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . 913.4 296.9 345,033 1,162 27,603 8.00
Young jute . . . . . . . . . .. . - - - - - - - - - - - 2,998.6 1,697.5 1,465,337 863 175,841 12.00
Finely cleaned jute . . .. . ... . ... . . . . 19.926.4 . 1,098.3 622,509 567 118,366 19.01
Cotton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,270.1 913.8 224,308 245 43,569 18.60
Taiko rush . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.5 0. 0 - 0 -
* In 1928, 120,045 ko were in sugar cane in Taiwan. The figure dropped to 84,329 ko in 1932 and has increased each year since
until 1939, the latest available date.
* per 1000 kin.
* Production of jute and hemp is encouraged by the government as a source of airplane cloth and of burlap bags. In 1938, when
the Taiwan crop was 15,000 metric tons, it was necessary to import 22,000,000 burlap bags for sugar and rice exports.
6. VEGETABLES.
Table 13: Vegetables: area and production, 1939.
Average
Area of Average price
standing Amount production per 100
crop harvested per ko Value kin
in ko in kin in kin in yen in ven
All varieties . . . . .. . . . . . .. .. . .. . ... . . . .. . .. . 4,419.8% 73,049,700 - 2,532,353
Daikon (radish) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 660.6 11,692,818 17,701 347,932 2.98
Miscellaneous legumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83.5 953,170 - 40,152 -
c. Castor beams. In 1939, 1,886 metric tons were produced. acres were reported to be planted with perilla, with the
The government planned to increase the yield to between Sugihara plant at Takao City and the Taiwan Taku
11,000 and 12,000 tons by 1948. A castor bean factory in shoku KK (Taiwan Development Company) plant at
Takao Province, presumably engaged in extracting oil Tainan City producing oil from the seed.
from the bean, is reported to be satisfactorily supplying
its products to the armed services. 8. BANANAs. In 1939, 303,280,059 kin of bananas were
produced in Taiwan. Of these 222,500,000 kin were ex
d. Quinine. Quinine is obtained from the bark of cin
ported. Takao Province has about one-third of all the
chona trees planted in Taito and Takao Provinces. Cin
banana plants, Choshu-gun, Heito-gun, Kizan-gun, and
chona afforestation in Taiwan was begun in 1922 with
Toko-gun being the centers of production. Bananas in
imported cinchona seeds and saplings by the Hoshi Taiwan are grown in the mountains and on the plains.
Seiyaku KK (Hoshi Drug Manufacturing Company) a Plain areas generally produce twice as much as mountain
subsidiary of the Tiawan Takushoku K.K. Bark-tree nur
areas. Because of reduced production costs in mountain
series were established at Raisha, Choshu-gun in Takao
areas, however, most of the bananas in Taiwan are grown
Province, and at Chippon (Chihon), Taito Province, using in the foothills. Takao Province is noted for the plains
aborigine labor.
banana. Takao bananas ripen from April to July.
e. Coca. Coca plantations in the southwestern part of Trade associations of fruit cultivators have been
Taiwan are owned by the Hoshi Seiyaku K.K. Cocaine
formed in Taichu, Tainan, and Takao Provinces. These
and other narcotic by-products are obtained from these
associations export the bananas produced by the mem
plantations. Great secrecy surrounds narcotics manufac
bers, and the proceeds are credited to the member's ac
ture in the Japanese Empire, but there is some reason to
counts with the associations. Representatives of the three
believe that large coca plantations of which there is no
associations form a Union of Fruit Cultivators, which
exact record will be found.
controls the trade associations and is responsible for the
f. Perilla. Perilla is grown for the oil which is extracted transportation of the bananas. The Taiwan Kudamono
from the seeds. In 1934 the government began encourag KK (Taiwan Fruit Company, Ltd.) is entrusted by the
ing the planting of perilla in rice fields, with a govern trade associations with all the business relative to the
ment nursery distributing the seeds. In 1937 about 2,500 sale of the fruit in Japan.
Number of A rea under A mount harvested A verage production Total value A verage price per
trees cultivated cultivation in ko in kin per tree in kin in yen 100 kin in yen
Average number
Number of Area wºnder Number of of pineapples Average price per
plants cultivated cultivation in ko pineapples harvested produced per plant Total value in yen 100 kin in yen
Average - Average
Area under Amount production Value of price per
Number cultivation harvested per tree products 100 kin
of trees in ko in kin in kin in yen in yen
All varieties . ... . ... . . - 57,159 145.0" 1,759.441 - 131,453
Ponkan (tangerine) . - 27,130 69.2 1,212,843 44.7 94,797 7.82
Tankan orange . . . . . . . . . - 3.25 0.86 6.283 19.3 403 6.41
Sekkan orange ... 93 0.15 1,480 15.9 48 3.24
Buntan (a variety of shaddock, a type of grapefruit) . . . . . . . . 10,730 29.9 267,159 24.9 15,971 5.98
Zabon (a variety of shaddock) 2,620 8.1 108,113 41.3 4,411 4.08
Hakuyu (white citron) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,897 22.0 110,984 12.5 9,267 8.35
Miscellaneous citrus fruits . . . - - - - 7,364 14.8 52,579 - 6,556 -
11. CROP DAMAGE. An ever-present danger to agricul- damage from these sources was as follows:
tural production is damage by rain and wind. In 1939
-
11 -
Table 20: Crop damage in Takao Province, 1939.
Estimated Estimated
Damaged decrease in damage
Date Cause Kind of crop area in ko production in ºven
bunches
April 17-18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Banana . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . .. 7 173,000 173.000
Late April-late May koku
Ina Netsubyo (Rice fever) ... ... Wet-field rice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,805 8.429 219.775
June 8-14 and 18-19. . . . . . . . . . . . Torrential rain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total damage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,300 roº 392.377
oku
Wet-field rice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,025 4.407 105.222
Dry-field rice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ss 125 3,250
kin
Sweet potato . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.774 31,089,000 343.347
Sugar cane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 2.574,000 10,413
koku
Peanuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 58 406
Sesame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 25 625
kin
Ramie . .. ..... .. ... . ... ... 20 20,000 8,200
Jute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 98.800 14.820
Cotton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 4,800 884
bunches
Banana . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . 7 5.380 2.690
kin
Vegetables ...... ... 72.000 2.520
July 13-20 and 29-30 . . . . . . . . . . . Torrential rain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total damage 7 383.663
koku
- Wet-field rice 890 24.297
Dry-field rice 1,337 27.563
kin
Sweet potato . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 80,000 1.468
Sugar cane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.757 23,184,000 108.432
koku
Soybeans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402 687 20,610
Peanuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 69 621
Sesame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 279 9.375
kin
Ramie . . . . . . . . . . 192,624 79,449
Cotton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412,060 51,414
Jute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326.350 56.457
Banana 398,550 4.492
Vegetables 6.000 405
Others .. . . .. . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . - 80
Oct. 8-11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rain storm .. ... .. . ..... . .. .. . Total damage roº 403,488
ta
Wet-field rice . 5,221 107.852
Dry-field rice 92 1,936
kin
Sweet potato . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416 6,292,640 94.750
Sugar cane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,774 32,656,000 144,514
koku
Soy beans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 25 550
Peanuts . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . .. .. . 2 22 176
kin
Ramie . . . . . . . . . . . .- - - - - - - - - - 11 1,160 482
Cotton . . . . . . . . . . . ... . ....... 291 18,513 3,277
Banana . . . . . . . . . . .. . . - - - - - - - 18 194,716 5,370
Water melon . . . . . .. . - - - - - - - 69 1,226,433 20,723
Vegetables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 156,782 5,898
Tobacco .. .. . .. . .. ....... ... 38 ſ Reliº 11,250
tra
12. LIVESTOCK.
Number of head
Total
12
Table 22: Livestock slaughter, 1939. mura was settled by recruits from Japanese residents of
(Head slaughtered for Taiwan included for comparison) Taiwan, the other two by settlers from Japan, with some
from Taiwan. Settlers from Japan came from the Kago
Head slaughtered A mount Value
Taiwan Takao P. in kin in ven shima, Saga, Kagawa and Kumamoto prefectures. At
the end of 1939, Hinode-mura had 25 households with 121
Cattle (all breeds) . . . . 29,282 6,150 1,319,357 328,098
Buffalo . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,102 3,584 86,278 181,635 persons; Chitoshi-mura, 100 households with 549 persons,
Yellow cow . . . . . - - 11,720 2,224 449,069 123,172 and Tokiwa-mura, 65 households with 365 persons. The
Miscellaneous breeds. 460 342 84,010 23,291
Hogs (all breeds) . . . . . 1,116,376 167,817 20,547,998 6,409,552 number of households in 1939 was the same as at the time
Goats . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . 20,059 660 16,028 3,472
of founding of the villages.
Note: In Taiwan there are 750 slaughtering places, of which 89 are In October, 1936, two primary schools were opened,
in Takao Province. with 233 Japanese children, 100 per cent of those of school
age, in attendance. In 1939 the government opened medi
cal clinics at Chitoshi-mura and Tokiwa-mura which
Table 23: Poultry, 1939.
treated 1,787 patients during the year. This figure seems
(Number of fowl in Taiwan included for comparison) to imply that the clinics served a larger area than that
Average of the three villages alone.
Number of birds Value price
Taiwan Takao P. in yen per bird
The average extent of cultivated land per family was
4.35 ko, homesite 0.15 ko, and communal land 0.5 ko. “The
All fowl . . . . . . . .... . . 9,043,336 1,144,432 1,245,041 —
Chicken . . . . ... . . . . 6,680,402 996,702 1,090,525 1.09
communal land was granted with a view to meeting
Duck . . . . . . . .. . .. . . 1,931,365 137,665 131,501 0.96 emergency situations and to foster the spirit of mutual
Geese . . . . . . . .... . . 89,838 8,589 15,884 1.84
Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . 41,731 1,476 7,131 4.83 aid among the colonists.”
The staple product is tobacco. Rice production is lim
ited to the amount needed to meet the needs of the colon
13. JAPANESE AGRICULTURAL VILLAGES. A few villages ists. A Japanese publication referred to successful opium
settled by Japanese farmers are found in Takao Province. poppy crops in the “experimental tobacco farms,” which
Data are available on three villages that were established raises a doubt concerning the nature of the crops under
in 1935 and 1936 on land reclaimed by the flood-control the supervision of these Japanese settlers.
project on the Shimo-Tamsui River. Hinode-mura is in If the following figures are accurate, they offer inter
Takagi-sho, Heito-gun; Chitoshi-mura is “near Toko”; esting information on the value of different crops per ko
and Takiwa-mura is “along the Buraku River.” Hinode of land.
kg. kg.
Tobacco . . . . . . . . . 32.68 67,910 51,705 131.13 304,535 230,113 84.65 192,155 147,562
kin kin
Wet-field rice ... 22.50 7,280 91,000 46.7 8,381 104,765 11.9 1,794 22,800
Sugar cane . . . . . . 40.0 16,000 400,000 0. 0. 0 0 0. 0
Sweet potato .... 10.0 1,172 119,200 35.5 2,840 284,000 32.6 3,480 348,000
Vegetable . . 3.0 1,200 30,000 4.8 1,440 38,000 2.5 975 25,000
Others - - - - - - - - - - 3.0 128 - 3.6 141 - 3.6 262 -
13
3. Scenes on a sugar plantation: a tractor at work, varieties of sugarcane, Formosan-Chinese cutting cane
14
4. Sugarcane.
5. Pineapple fields.
III. MARINE PRODUCTS
1. GENERAL state MENT. The value of marine products products was $2,600,000). Some 160 boats were engaged
in Taiwan rose from ¥8,904,778 in 1919 to ¥23,554,607 in net fishing from Takao in 1928. The catch included
in 1938. The 1938 total was divided into ¥15,670,812 480,568 kam of tunny valued at #712,276; 256, 728 kam
from fishing, #5,525,265 from fish cultivation, and of sword-fish valued at ¥419,341; and 318,664 kam of
¥2,358,530 from manufactured fish products. About 40 sharks valued at ¥178,866. 1 kan equals 8.27 pounds.)
per cent of Taiwan's marine products come from Takao b. Fishing season for important varieties of fish.
Province.
(1) Swordfish. (a) Kurokawa (Black-skin). The year
In spite of extensive efforts by the Government-General
around. Most abundant in January and February. The
and by the provincial governments, the fishing resources
fishing ground is about 7 or 8 miles southwest of Takao.
have not been exploited sufficiently to provide all the
island's requirements, for imports of salted and dried (b) Basho-Kajiki (Banana swordfish). From April to
fish, chiefly from Japan, are larger than exports of fresh July. Most abundant in May or June. The fishing ground
fish. is 50 or 60 miles southwest of (Sho) Ryukyu Island.
In 1938 there were reported to be 10,000 fishing boats (2). Tunny. (a) Kiwada (Tunny). The year around.
in operation in Taiwan waters. Of these about 1,000 were Most abundant in November, December, April, May,
power vessels. The number of power vessels was steadily June. The fishing ground is 70 or 80 miles southwest of
increasing, but since the war the Japanese have taken (Sho) Ryukyu Island as well as off-shore from Manila.
over a number of fishing boats for military purposes. It (b) Mebachi. From April to June. Fishing ground is
was reported that 811 boats were so taken from 1937 to 150 miles southeast of Takao.
1942. Two whaling vessels operated from Daibanretsu
(3) Shark. (a) Hiragashira (Flat-head shark). Sea
at the southern tip of the island and had an annual catch
of 20 to 50 whales. Many rafts and small boats are used son: January to April.
for fishing close inshore. River mouths capable of shel (b) Hirozame (Wide shark?). Season: the year around.
tering such small craft are indicated on Figure 2, Takao (c) Onagasame (Long-tail shark?). Season: October
Province, rivers, streams, and harbors, page 2. to April.
The area of fresh and salt water fish farms in Taiwan (d) Shumokusame (Hammer-head shark). Season:
has been estimated at over 29,000 ko. Tables three and October to April.
four (page 4) show the extent of fish-culture land in (e) Yoshikiri. Season: January to April.
Takao Province.
c. Fishing boats and crews. Boats of from 10 to 25
In 1938 there were 41 organized fishing companies in horsepower make one-day fishing trips; 30 to 35 horse
Taiwan, 30 of which were Japanese and 11, Formosan
power, 7 to 12 days; 40 to 60 horsepower, 10 to 14 days;
Chinese. A merger of 11 fishing companies with aquatic
80 horsepower and over, 15 to 18 days. Records are avail
products companies in Japan was reported in 1943. The
able of three very active fishing boats, one of 11 tons
company thus formed was called the South Japan Fishing
and 15 horsepower, which made 82 trips during 1928;
Control Company, capitalized at ¥50,000,000. Only firms
another of 17 tons and 25 horsepower which made 38
owning boats of 50 tons or over could qualify as members.
trips, and a third of 25 tons and 50 horsepower which
A list of the known fishing firms in Takao Province is
made 29 trips during the year. The smallest ship had a
found in Section V, 13, page 32. total catch valued at ¥14,322; the next larger, Y22,731;
The Government-General regulates the fishing indus and the largest, #28,177.
try in great detail. It has given subsidies to encourage
With some variations, the owner of the boat receives
fishing companies and has contributed to repair costs for
55 per cent of the net proceeds from the sale of the catch.
fishing vessels. It provides a ship to report by radio to
The other 45 per cent is divided among the crew, the
Takao when and where fish runs are discovered, a special
captain and the chief engineer each receiving 1% man's
station in Takao repeating the signals by radio-telephone
to fishing boats at sea. A marine experimental station
share. The net proceeds are determined by deducting
expenses for food, ice, oil, bait, fees, and other running
is maintained at Takao City, together with an experi
expenses and, in addition, 10 per cent of the gross re
mental fishing vessel, the Takao Maru.
ceipts. Out of the 10 per cent, 7 per cent is used for
2. FISHING INDUSTRY AT TAKAo city. A 1929 report on fish-market service fees, 1 per cent is used as a fish
the fishing industry at Takao City gives some details association fee, and 2 per cent is placed in a sinking
which can be summarized as follows: fund. From the sinking fund and fish market fees the
owner of the boat receives a “cut” of 1 per cent. In one
a. Eactent of fishing. Fish transactions in the Takao fish nine-man crew, the captain and chief engineer had a
market increased steadily in value from ¥315,050 in 1919 total income in one year of ¥1,085.62; the crew members,
to ¥1,781,721 in 1928. (In 1933 the value of marine Y723.75.
16
6. Pulling in a fishing net on the beach of Daibanretsu Bay.
17
IV. TRANSPORTATION
1. GENERAL STATEMENT. Transportation facilities in Table 25: Distances from Takao City to stations on the
main line.
Takao Province are poor. Service on the railroads is
slow, automobiles are few, and the many streams, subject
Distance from the
to flash floods, constitute a continual hazard to the dirt Station Takao City station,
some of them owned by the sugar companies, are in oper Sankaiseki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 1.7
Hozan . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8
ation in Taiwan and in Takao Province. With minor
Kosho . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 8.1
exceptions, the government lines are of 3'6" gauge, the Kyukyokudo . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . .. . .. .. ..... ..... .. 10.8
Rokkaiseki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.9
private railroad lines 2'6", and the pushcar lines 18" or Heito City . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 15.3
20" gauge. In 1938 the government lines in Taiwan totaled Saisei . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 20.0
Takeda . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . ... . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 22.2
approximately 650 miles, including about 95 miles of Choshu . . . .. . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . 24.8
double-tracking. In addition, there were 200 miles of Keishu . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . . . 29.2
Kato (about) . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 40.0
yard tracks, sidings and crossing loops. The private - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 44.0
20
9. Shijukei hot springs, Koshun-gun. -
21
... i - A -- ºr
- - - - - - - - ---------------
---
||||
will
wº i.
22
- -
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-
23
Headquarters
Forces
Air
Army
Heito.
at
Japanese
15.
º:
V. INDUSTRIAL, COMMERCIAL, AND FINANCIAL FIRMS
1. GENERAL STATEMENT. Takao has become Taiwan's liability. The shares usually are held by a close group
leading industrial city in recent years as Japan prepared of individuals.
for war and for expansion of her interests in the “south (3) Kabushiki kaisha. Joint-stock corporations with
ern regions.” There is very little industrial activity else limited liability. The shares usually are widely dis
where in Takao Province. The sugar mills and the can tributed.
neries located near the fields constitute an exception, as
do the oil fields at Koshun and Kosensho. The output of b. Monopoly-bureau offices. The monopoly bureau of the
these two fields is not known but probably is not large Government-General maintains four branches in Takao
because the total estimated production in 1938 of gasoline, Province at Takao-shi; Heito-shi; Kizan-gun, Rokki-sho;
kerosene, fuel oil and lubricating oil from the six oil and Okayama-gun, Mida-sho, Ujurin. The monopoly
fields of Taiwan was only about 2,250,000 gallons. products are opium, tobacco, salt, camphor and liquor.
a. Corporate organization. According to Japanese cor
poration law, business organizations are classified into c. List of firms. The following list classifies the firms
three categories: under very general headings, each business enterprise
being listed but once. Many of the firms perform a variety
(1) Gomei kaisha. General partnerships with unlimited of functions and have a variety of facilities, but infor
liability. Usually composed of a few related individuals. mation at present is not sufficient to classify the firms
(2) Goshi kaisha. Joint-stock partnerships with limited under such functions and facilities.
Sugihara Samgyo K. K. Takao-shi Manufacturers and dealers in fats and oils, chemicals,
(Sugihara Industrial Co., Ltd.) Minata-cho rice, cement, machinery, etc.
1-chomo Main Taiwan office in Taihoku.
14 banchi
Chin Chuwa Bussam K. K. Takao-shi Agricultural products, real estate, rice polishing, ex
(Chin Chuwa Products Co., Ltd.) Roigaryo, 139 porting, financing.
Founded: March 1922.
Capital: Y1,200,000.
President: CHIN Koinan.
Managing director: CHIN Koisoi.
Director: CHIN, Keisen
4. ALUMINUM.
An aluminum plant was built in 1936-37 by a com 000,000 kilowatt hours of electrical energy. The Bayer
bination of the Mitsui, Mitsubishi, Sumitomo, Yasuda, process is used. 16,000 metric tons of alumina were
and Furukawa interests. German technicians were em shipped to Taiwan from Japan, 2,400 metric tons of
ployed. Another plant at Karenko, completed in 1940 fluorite from Korea, and about 11,000 metric tons of
by the same interests, produced 10,000 tons of aluminum petroleum coke from Palembang, Sumatra. The electric
in 1943. power comes from the power generators at Lake Jitsu
getsutan. Most of the company's freight is handled by
The Takao plant has an estimated capacity of 12,000 water.
metric tons of aluminum and 24,000 metric tons of
alumina per year. Actual production of aluminum was The equipment of the plant consists of a main build
estimated to be 10,000 metric tons in 1943, but no figure ing, 30 meters by 100 meters, housing the electrolytic
is available for alumina production. In 1943 the plant cells; a building containing mercury rectifiers; a repair
processed electrically about 48,000 tons of bauxite ore and machine shop; an alumina plant, 100 meters by 25
which was imported from Bintan Island in the Dutch meters; a metal construction plant, used for making the
East Indies. Other materials, used for 1943 production paste for Soderberg electrodes; and a bauxite stock
were: 60,000 metric tons of coal; 1,500 metric tons of pile and storage bins.
fluorite; 6,600 metric tons of carbon electrodes; 372,
5. AUTOMOBILES.
Takao Kyoei Jidosha K. K. Takao-shi Buses, freight vehicles, repairs, parts of cars.
(Takao Kyoei Automobile Co., Ltd.) Eiraku-cho 2
6-chome
1.3 banchi
6. BANKS AND INVESTMENT ComPANIES. Sixteen bank serve as financial agencies for small interests. The names
branches existed in Takao Province. Two trust com of some of these are listed under “Cooperative Asso
ciations.”
panies are known to exist, tyoether with an industrial
resources company which appears to be in the finance In 1938 postal savings in Taiwan amounted to ¥34,838,
business. A number of the larger firms which conduct 764 held by 905,321 depositors, of whom 510,725 were
business in a wide variety of lines seem to include financ Formosan-Chinese with deposits of ¥6,925,629. The in
ing as part of their business, but the nature of such terest rate in 1930 was 4.44 percent, in 1932, 3.24 percent
interests is not known. There are many cooperative asso and in 1937, 3.12 percent. -
ciations which, according to the Nippon Chimei Daijiten, Banks and trust companies are located as follows:
a. Banks.
b. Trust companies.
Takao Kogyo Shintaku K. K. (Takao Industrial Trust Co., Ltd.) . . . . . . . . . . . Takao-shi, Emtei-cho, 5-chome, 4.3 banchi
Founded: July 1937
Capital: Y190,000
Heito Shintaku K. K. (Heito Trust Co., Ltd.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Heito-shi, Kurogame-cho, 1-chome, 54-banchi
Founded: March 1920
Capital: #1,050,000
President: Ri Kaizan
(The same firm is listed also for Toko-gun, Bantan-sho)
Taiwan Samgyo Shigen K. K. (Taiwan Industrial Resources Co., Ltd.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Takao-shi
Taiwan Sangyo Shigen K. K. (Taiwan Industrial Resources Co., Ltd.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Heito-shi
Headquarters: Taihoku-shi
Founded: November 1934
Capital Y1,000,000
Satsugensho Sangyo K. K. (Satsugensho Industrial Co., Ltd.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Takao-shi
Founded: 1937
Capital: Y1,000,000
Yoshi Shoko K. K. (Yoshi Trading Co., Ltd.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Takao-shi
Founded: 1937
Capital: $196,000
Nihon Tamsam K. K. (Japan Carbonic Acid Co., Ltd.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See under “Chemicals”
Taiwan Suisan K. K. (Taiwan Marine Products Co., Ltd.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See under “Marine Products”
Taiwan Shusei K. K. (Taiwan Alcohol Mfg. Co., Ltd.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See under “Sugar and Alcohol”
9. CEMENT
The Asano company's plant is located 2,000 yards north are 2 storage silos, 25 feet in diameter, and 3 storage
of Takao-shi, about 2.2 miles north-north-east of the har buildings of an average of 150 by 45 feet. The factory
bor mouth. It produced 9,000 bags of cement daily in has its own steam power plant with a capacity of 4,500
1938, each weighing about 50 kg. The plant covers an kw. Wharf and loading facilities in 1929 were 3,000
area 3,000 by 2,300 feet. Facilities include a quarry; 3 barrels per day.
buildings for the initial crushing of the material; a A report dated March 24, 1944, stated that the Japan
building for storage of raw materials; a slurry and stor ese army and navy were requesting cement supplies from
age building, 270 by 250 feet; a filter building; 3 rotary Taiwan. Cement production has been increased, it is re
kilns 150 feet long with 15 foot diameters; 2 clinker dry ported. Most of the cement used in the island is produced
ing storage buildings, each 90 by 45 feet; a probable here.
centrifugal and tube mill building, 280 by 110 feet; 8 In addition to the address given above, another source
storage silos with diameters of 25 feet each; a packing gives the address as Yamashita-cho, 3-chrome, 5 banchi.
and shipping building 170 by 170 feet; and 9 miscellane One of the addresses may be that of an office separate
ous shop buildings. Across the road from the main plant from the plant.
10. CHEMICALS.
Minami Nihon Kayaku Kogyo K. K. Takao-shi A half interest was owned by Japan Soda Co., and the
(South Japan Chemical Industries other half by the Taiwan Development Co., Taiwan
Co., Ltd.) Electric Power Co., and the South Japan Salt Indus
try Co. In 1939 it was proceeding with plans for
production of ferro-magnesium and 16,000 tons of
caustic soda.
Capital: Y30,000,000.
Nihon Tamsam K. K. Takao-shi Liquefaction, carbonic acid, acid water. Founded: July
(Japan Carbonic Acid Co., Ltd.) Reigaryo, 200 1933. Capital: Y240,000.
Daimichi K. K. (Dainichi Co., Ltd.) Takao-shi Manufacturer of washing soap and toilet articles.
Irifume-cho Japanese corporation owned by Formosan-Chinese.
6-chome
2 banchi
Taiwan Jukogyo K. K. (Taiwan Heavy Industries Co. Ltd.) In December, 1938, plans were announced for an am
monium sulphate installation at Takao, but no details
are known. -
11. ELECTRIC Power. The Taiwin Electric Power Co., Importance: Southern terminus of power transmitted
Ltd. (Taiwan Denryoku K. K.) in 1938 had the capacity from Jitsugetsutan development.
to generate 200,000 kilowatts of the 225,000 kilowatts
total capacity for Taiwan. The principal source of its (2) Takao Steam Plant
power was the Jitsugetsutan plants; which in 1940 pro
duced over half the power used in the island. Power Samkaisaku, Takao-shi, Takao-shu
from these plants is transmitted to a substation at Takao Installed capacity, 13,000 kw., as of December, 1934.
by means of a 150,000-volt transmission line 116 miles in
Plant completed in May, 1923, with No. 1 unit of 1,000
length. The company has 28 acres in the Reigaryo dis
kw.; No. 2 unit of 2,000 kw, added in December, 1927;
trict of the city. The largest consumer of electricity in
No. unit of 10,000 kw, added in January, 1931.
Taiwan was the Japan Aluminum Co. in Takao-shi, which
Plant 3 stories high with 1 chimney and 2 smokestacks.
used 27,000 kilowatts.
Boilers: Units Nos. 1 and 2–2 of B & W type, 14 kilo
a. Taiwan Electric Power Co.
grams per square centimeter, 332 square meters, B & W
(1) Takao Transformer Station make.
Location: Takao-shi. Unit No. 3–2 of B & W type, 24.6 kilograms per square
Installed Capacity (in kva) : 113,000 as of December, centimeter, 592.25 square meters, B & W make.
1940. Turbines: Unit No. 1–1 at 1,000 kw., impulse-type,
Equipment: Transformers—9 at 7,000 kva, 1ph, 140/11 horizontal-shaft, GE make.
kva, D-D conn, water-cooled, GE-make, 1 at 50,000 kw, Unit No. 2–1 at 2,000 kw., Zoolly type, horizontal
3-ph, self-cooled, Shibaura-make, Phase advancers—2 shaft, EW make.
at 15,000 kva, synchronous type, 900 rpm, Shibaura Unit No. 3–1 at 10,000 kw., Curtis type, horizontal
make. shaft, AEG make.
30
Generators: Unit No. 1–1 at 1,250 kilovolt-amperes, Capacity commonly in use, 3,100 kw., as of June, 1939.
3-phase, 2,300 volts, 3,600 revolutions per minute, 60 Source of power believed to be Shimotamsui-kei.
cycles, GE make.
In operation as early as December, 1934, and as recently
Unit No. 2–1 at 2,500 kilovolt-amperes, 3-phase, 3,300 as June, 1940.
volts, 3,600 revolutions per minute, 60 cycles, SS make.
Unit No. 3–1 at 12,500 kilovolt-amperes, 3-phase, b. Asamo Cement Co.
11,500 and 10,500 volts, 3,600 revolutions per minute,
60 cycles, AEG make. Takao Steam Plant
Transformers—4 at 1,800 kilovolt-amperes, 3-phase, 3.3, Dem-cho, 3-chrome, Takao-shi, Takao-shu; approximately
2.2/19.94, 19.07, 18.2, 17.32 kilovolts, D-Y connection, 120° 16'30" N., 220° 38' E.
self-cooled, shell-type, Mitsubishi make. Installed capacity, 4,500 kw., as of 1939.
Other equipment—1 asynchronous phase advancer at Plant in operation as early as 1939 and as recently as
5,000 kilovolt-amperes, 3,300 volts, 900 revolutions per March, 1940.
minute, 60 cycles, Shibaura make; 2 surface condens Uses waste gas from cement kilns for fuel. º
ers; 4 superheaters, including 2 at 157.92 square Boilers—unknown number of Edgemoor water-tube type.
meters and 2 at 51.1 square meters: compartment
Turbines—1 at 1,000 kw., Parsons type, additional units
chain-grate stokers; 4 economizers; 3 exciters, includ
in operation."
ing 1 at 70 kw., 1 at 18.5 kw., and 1 at 13.5 kw.
Generators—1 at 1,000 kw., 3-phase; additional units in
(3) Hydroelectric Plant operation.
Near Riko, Heito-gun, approximately 22° 45' N., 120°
30° W. c. Takao-shi
Capacity commonly in use, 1,950 kw., as of June, 1939. Apparently there is a city-owned generating plant.
Source of power believed to be Shimotamsui-koi. Capacity: 120 kw.
In operation as early as December, 1934, and as recently
d. Koshun Denki K. K. (Koshun Electric Co., Ltd.)
as June, 1940.
Takao-shu, Koshun-gun, Koshun-sho
(4) Hydroelectric Plant Founded: August, 1923.
Chikushimon, in the southeastern part of Mino-sho, Capital: Y100,000.
Kizan-gun. Capacity: 50 kw.
13. FISHING.
32
Takao Uo-Ichi K. K. Takao-shi Marine products, commission merchants for fish and
(Takao Fish Market Co.) Shinhama-cho fuel oil, financiers for fishing enterprises.
2-chome Founded: March 1926. Capital: $50,000.
10 banchi
Takuman Gyogyo K. K. Takao-shi Marine products.
(Takunan Fishing Industries Co., Ltd.) Mimato-cho Founded: December 1939. Capital: $750,000.
2-chome
9 banchi
Takuyo Suisan K. K. Takao-shi Operates fisheries at Takao. Subsidiary of Taiwan
(Takuyo Aquatic Products Co., Ltd.) Takushoku K. K.
Toko Yoshoku Goshi Kaisha Toko-gun Fish culture.
(Toko Harbor Cultivation Co., Ltd.) Toko-gai Founded: January 1925. Capital: $100,000.
Nanpei 2
Taiwan Suisan Kogyo K. K. Takao-shi Marine products, refrigerated beverages.
(Taiwan Marine Products Co.) Mimato-cho Founded: December 1939. Capital: Y750,000.
4-chome
9 banchi
33
Nambu Seika K. K. Takao-shi Fruit exporters.
(Nanbu Fruit Co., Ltd.) Shinhama-cho
1-chome
49 banchi
Shimko Seikasha Takao-shi Canned pineapple merchants.
(Shinko Fruit Mfg. Co.) Yamashita-cho
1-chome
17 banchi
Takao Chuo Ichiba K. K. Takao-shi Fish, vegetables, fruits, livestock, etc. sold on credit.
(Takao Central City Market Kitamo-cho Founded: March 1933. Capital: V200,000.
Co., Ltd.) 3-chome
6 banchi
Takao Chuo Oroshi-Shijo K. K. Takao-shi Commission merchants for fish, vegetables, fruits,
(Takao Central Wholesale Market Kitamo-cho meats, eggs and other provisions.
Co., Ltd.) 3-chome Founded: March 1929. -
Maruyama Electric Iron Experimental Established by the Government-General and the Taiwan Electric Co. in
Factory Taihoku-shi as a pioneer in iron and steel manufacture. Began operation
in June 1939. Additional works probably have been built at Takao or
Keelung.
Minami Nihon Kagaku Kogyo K. K. Takao-shi Light metals.
(South Japan Chemical Industries, Horie-cho Founded: October 1939. Capital: Y15,000,000.
Ltd.) 1-chome
6 banchi
35
Taiwan Nogu Seizo K. K. Takao-shi Machinery manufacture and repair.
(Taiwan Farm Machinery Mfg. Co., Mimato-cho?
Ltd.) 5-chome
3 banchi
Reigaryo
(105 acres)
Nihon Sekiyu K. K. Takao-shi The petroleum industry is subsidized by the Govern
(Japan Oil Co.) Reigaryo ment-General and operated under a virtual monop
(32 acres) oly of this company. Oil fields' in Takao Province
are at Koshun and Kosen-sho in Kizan-gun. These
two areas were designated as navy reserve areas.
Taishin Shoji K. K. Takao-shi Mining and refining of limestone.
(Taishin Trading Co., Ltd.) Yamashita-cho? Founded: June 1939. Capital: Y150,000.
3-chome
3 banchi
Yamamaka Shoten G. K. (See under “Metals, Coal mining. A kerosene refinery, reported at Takao.
(Yamanaka Stores Co.) Machinery, may process petroleum from the navy's field at
Engineering”) Gyunikuzaki in Tainan Province.
Chin Chuwa Bussam K. K. Takao-shi Dealers in farm products, real estate and financing
(Chin Chuwa Products Co., Ltd.) Reigaryo 139
36
Daho Tochi K. K. Takao-shi Land cultivation. Buys and sells land.
(Daho Land Co.) Shinhama-cho Founded: July 1912. Capital: #500,000.
1-chome
º 1 banchi
37
Takao Rice and Cereal Takao-shi Dealers' guild.
Dealers’ Association Shinhama-cho
1-chome
42 banchi
Li Trading Co. Heito-gun Formosan-Chinese rice merchants.
Bamran-sho
Taiwan Seito K. K. Heito-gun Constructed 1910. Largest sugar mill in Taiwan, with
(Taiwan Sugar Co., Ltd.) Heito-shi daily cane-crushing capacity of 3,000 tons. Daily
Ako -
alcohol capacity 5,712 gals. 1934. New dry-alcohol
(Head office plant erected, annual capacity 2,383,000 gals. Elec
Heito-shi tric power plant; coal and bagasse burned for fuel.
Kirai, 873) Railways extend 130.47 miles.
Taiwan Seito K. K. Hozan-gun Constructed 1910. Daily cane-crushing capacity of
(Taiwan Sugar Co., Ltd.) Kominato-sho 1,000 tons. Railways extend 35.52 miles. Sugar con
Kohekirin tent 12.34 per cent. Employed 386 workers in 1935.
* Believed to produce industrial alcohol.
Taiwan Seito K. K. , Hozan-gun Shinko Sugar Co. mill reported merged with Taiwan
(Taiwan Sugar Co., Ltd.) Tairyo-sho Sugar Co., in 1941. Constructed 1905. Daily cane
Sanchicho crushing capacity 952 tons. Believed to produce
alcohol. Railways extend 18.14 miles.
Taiwan Seito K. K. Kizam-gun Constructed 1911. Daily cane-crushing capacity 1,244
(Taiwan Sugar Co., Ltd.) Kizam-gai tons. Own power plant. Believed to produce alcohol.
Kibi Railways extend 63.09 miles. Its sugar largely con
sumed in Taiwan.
Shinko Seito K. K. Takao-shi Facilities uncertain. May now be under the Taiwan
(Shinko Sugar Co., Ltd.) Reigaryo, 338 Seito K. K. Probably not a mill.
38
Takao Shusei K. K. Takao-shi Not a sugar mill, but produced 5,712 gallons of alcohol
(Takao Alcohol Mfg. Co., Ltd.) Reigaryo, 793 daily in 1934 from sugar cane and sweet potatoes.
or In 1938 started a plant to produce 1,715,000 gals. of
Sankaiseki dry and industrial alcohol annually. Wine produc
tion. (?).
Founded: May, 1930. Capital: Y180,000.
Ensuiko Seito K. K. Takao-shi Alcohol plant.
(Ensuiko Sugar Co., Ltd.) Irifune-cho
5-chome
18 banchi
22. THEATERS.
23. TrANSPORTATION.
Maruni Gumi K. K. Takao-shi Taiwan coastal, South China, South Sea ship trans
(Maruni Co., Ltd.) Shinhama-cho portation.
1-chome Founded: May, 1940. Capital: Y120,000.
1 banchi
(Takunan Forest Industries, Ltd.) Kizam-gai Founded: April, 1939. Capital: $150,000.
Kizan
4 banchi
Fuku Rim Shoko Takao-shi Sawmill.
Irifune-cho Formosan-Chinese.
4-chome
7 banchi
41
16. Loading a banana cargo at Takao.
42
-
- 43
20. Unidentified sugar mill “at Heito.”
--
21. Unidentified sugar mill “near Heito.
44
|
::
22. Taiwan Sugar Company, factories 1 and 2, Kyoshito, Takao Province.
- -- - -- Fº -
1. GENERAL STATEMENT. According to a 1941 volume Asahi, the Tokyo Nichimichi, and the Yomiuri have a
(Nihon Shimbum Renken) five Japanese daily news circulation of from 1000 to 2000 each.
papers were published in Taiwan with a total circulation
of 80,000, and one Formosan-Chinese daily, the Taiwan
Shinmimpo, with a circulation of 30,000. The Takao 2. THE TAKAO NEWS. Details on the Takao News are as
News, a Japanese paper, had a circulation in 1938 of follows:
9,600. The Shimbum Soran (1938), lists six weekly papers
Takao Shimpo (Takao News)
in addition. The dozen papers are:
Tamashita-cho, 1-chome, 1 banchi
Daily Papers Telephones: 2537, 3352, 2867, 3669, 2475, 2053
18 branch offices in Taiwan
Taiwan Nichinichi Shimpo, Taihoku-shi
Offices in Tokyo and Osaka
Takao office: Entei-cho, 3-chome, 1 banchi
Founded: April 16, 1934
Taiwan Shimmimpo, Taihoku-shi Capital: 100,000 yen
Takao office: Chin Ban, head of office
Heito office: So Shi-sen, head of office Publishes a daily morning paper of 8 pages which was
reduced to 6 pages in November, 1940. In addition to the
Taiwan Nippo, Tainan-shi 6 pages there is a section, the Takao Shuho (Takao
Takao office: Sakae-cho, 1-chome, 1 banchi Province News); a section Takao Shiho (Takao City
Heito office: Heito, 126 News); and registration notices from the courthouse.
Circulation: 9,600 copies in October, 1938.
Taiwan Shimbun, Taichu-shi
Takao office: Sakae-cho, 1-chome, 6 banchi Subscription price: 1.20 yen per month.
Heito office: Suehiro-cho, 113 Advertising rates: 1.00 yen per line; 1.50 yen per line
for the three sections.
Takao Shimpo, Takao-shi
Higashi Taiwan Shimbum, Karenko-gai
Equipment
Since 1937 all the daily papers, and presumably the Managing director: SUGIMOTO, Saburo
weeklies also, have been published in Japanese. The Director: FUNABASHI, Takao
Chinese columns in the Japanese papers have been dis Director: MOTOJI, Saiichiro
continued.
Investigator: CHIN, Kei-tei
The Taiwan Nich imichi Shimpo gets considerable in Investigator: FUKUI, Shima
come from government printing and so makes a profit. Consultant: MORIYAMA, Enshi
The Taiwan Shim mimpo “was supported by the Formosan
Editor-in-chief: SHIBATA, Teiichi
Chinese intellectuals and capitalists” and also makes a
profit. The other papers have a “hard time.” Social: KAWANO, Hiroshi
General Affairs: HIDAKA, Toichiro
There is some circulation in the island of papers from
Japan, the Osaka Asahi and Osaka Mainichi selling about Advertising: HIROTA, Shiro
10,000 copies each. The Fukuoka Nich in ichi, the Tokyo Industry: A RAK I, Sakai
46
VII. ASSOCIATIONS
1. GENERAL STATEMENT. In Taiwan the many and tions or authorized activities consist of (1) credit ex
varied associations in part spring from the life of the tension, (2) marketing or selling, (3) purchasing,
people and in part are superimposed by the Japanese (4) cooperative utilization, and (5) retail selling through
authorities. This dual element is clearly evident in the consumers' co-operatives. Usually the credit-extension
agricultural societies, the credit cooperatives, the hoko, function is combined with one or more of the other func
and the merchant associations which were indigenous to tions, such as cooperative buying, selling, or utilization.
the Formosan-Chinese and were then moulded by govern The following is a list of the most common and important
mental authority to serve Japanese purposes. Some modi types of economic associations:
fications in the associations will occur when that author Credit associations: These organizations are generally
ity is removed. known as shimyo-kumiai. They are authorized to engage
Since there is not much information available on asso only in direct credit activities, for which reason they have
ciations in Takao Province, a statement on the general become less numerous and important than other asso
nature of associations in the Japanese Empire is given ciations which have broader powers and can therefore
as a preface to the specific information on Taiwan. engage in a wider field of activity. With capital accumu
lated from membership dues, periodical levies, and profits,
2. Associations IN THE JAPANESE EMPIRE. Mutual these associations make loans and extend credit to par
benefit associations of an economic nature, almost all of ticipating members, who commonly belong to a variety
which extend credit to their members, are among the of occupations.
most important of Japanese institutions and are very Marketing associations: Usually known as hambai
numerous throughout the islands of the Empire. They kumiai, these associations generally restrict their mem
typify the remarkably strong characteristic of the Japa bership to a particular occupation and engage primarily
nese to align himself with others for the accompli ment sia selling a particular product or line of products. Like
of specific purposes and to act and exercise respi sibility, * 'producers’ cooperatives in other countries, they benefit
not individually and independently, but jointly and col their members by negotiating contracts, selling in large
lectively in organized groups. With the prompting of quantities, providing warehousing and handling facili
local officialdom, most of these associations are organized ties, and by maintaining standards and prices.
by the members themselves to serve their own needs: to
Purchasing associations: These organizations are most
provide credit; fix wage and price levels; establish stand
often called kobai kumiai. Organized among members of
ards of workmanship; control competition; purchase
particular occupations, they engage in collective purchas
collectively and in large lots; provide storage and han
ing, securing at favorable prices the articles needed from
dling facilities; utilize fully and economically tools, equip
time to time by their members, such as tools, seed, fer
ment, and machinery; market and sell their products
tilizer, or supplies. They differ from consumers' coopera
collectively and to their greatest mutual benefit; or ac
tives in the seasonal character and limited variety of
complish other appropriate purposes. However, they are
their purchases, in that they sell their purchases only
also used very extensively by the authorities as unofficial
to their members, and in that they do not operate stores.
agencies of government to secure the better development
and control of certain trades and industries, to enforce Comsumers' cooperatives: Known usually as riyo
government decrees and regulations, to spread and propa kumiai, these associations purchase general merchandise
gate ideas of Japanese culture and patriotism, to prevent at wholesale or from producers and sell at retail to their
unfair practices, and to aid in the effective regimenta members and sometimes to others. As is the case with
tion of particular occupational, industrial and commercial such cooperatives elsewhere, the savings effected by pur
groups. In recent years many such associations have chasing in large lots and eliminating middlemen's com
been formed at the direct request of the government in missions are passed on to the members in the form of
order to promote the attainment of these purposes. Gov reduced prices, periodic dividends or other credits. At
ernment control is considerably facilitated by reason of least some of these associations do not restrict their
the fact that all of these associations operate under memberships to particular occupations.
government permit, and some of them also under gov Utilization associations: These organizations are
ernment supervision. In the case of marketing and pur formed primarily for the purpose of purchasing, oper
chasing associations, for example, the government com ating and maintaining tools, equipment, machinery, and
monly fixes grades, standards and prices, and offers other facilities for the joint use and benefit of the mem
expert advice and other non-financial assistance. bers of the group. It is a cooperative method of using
For purposes of licensing and registration these asso to the best advantage of a particular occupational group,
ciations are usually classified according to the functions those tools of production which are ordinarily beyond the
which they are authorized to perform. These main func financial means of individual producers.
47
Associations are formed with any two or more, or all, ance of the horse, training of blacksmiths, standardiza
of the purposes and functions above mentioned. Recently, tion of live stock breeds, operation of a model mixed
“credit, marketing, purchasing and utilization” associ grazing forest, etc. The special budget included expenses
ations have been by far the most numerous and popular for horse racing. The association has done much to elimi
of such economic organizations. nate many of the undesirable features of horse racing
Fishing associations (g yogyo kumiai) engage in credit and aims to put horse racing on a sound business basis.
operations, undertake collective marketing and purchas
ing, and promote the improvement of fishing methods. Table 27: Chikusan-kai budget for Taiwan and Takao
Marine products associations (suisan-kai) engage pri Province, 1940.
marily in marketing with only limited credit and pur
Takao
chasing activities.
Taiwan Province
Article 6. The soteidan is supervised by the competent Article 9. The hoko regulations should include regu
head of the gum, police station, or sub-police station, or lations covering:
higher-class leader.
a. The name and boundary.
Article 8. When a soteidan is harmful to the public b. Household investigation.
welfare, the provincial governor may order its disband
ment.
c. The control of persons coming in and out of the
district.
Article 9. The expenditure required by the hoko and
the soteidan must be paid by the people living in the gai . Protection against natural calamities and the
or sho. search for bandits and robbers.
50
Article 11. The duties of the ko leader are: report to the gun, sub-province, or metropolitan office at
the opening and closing of its conferences.
a. To aid the ho leader in his work.
Article 17. A police official should be in attendance at
. To investigate the households within the ko and the events mentioned in Articles 6 and 16.
to control the persons coming and going from the
ko. Article 19. The soteidan as a rule is organized in each
c. To aid the police and the ho leader in the capture
ho; if it is being organized by two or more ho a separate
of criminals. regulation for assessment of funds, collection and expen
diture should be drawn up, and proper approval obtained.
. To watch the inhabitants in the ko and to prevent
them from violating the law. Article 21. In the event of natural calamity or the
presence of robbers, the soteidan must follow the direc
e. To make the head of each household in the hoko tion of their leaders or of police officials.
adhere to the hoko regulations, and to have the
head of the newly arrived household or the newly Article 24. When a member of a soteidan is on duty,
appointed head of a household vow to follow the he should wear a specially designed uniform.
regulations.
Article 25. A police official may muster the soteidam
and conduct an inspection periodically or on special occa
Article 13. When the ho and ko leaders see any change sions.
in a household or receive a report of such change from
an inhabitant they must report it immediately, the ko Article 26. Hoko and soteidan members are to work
leader to the ho leader, and the ho leader to a police without pay. If pay is deemed necessary, approval should
official.
be obtained from the provincial governor.
Article 14. The head of each household must report Article 27. When a person living within a ko is sen
immediately to the ko leader when: tenced for a felony, each household head in the ko is
required to pay a fine. If the criminal is brought to the
a. He discovers a criminal or finds a person whose proper authority by the head of the ko before the crime
action is suspicious. is discovered by the police, the household heads will be
exempt from the fine.
. When a person from another place is being lodged
overnight; when a person in a household makes Article 28. Persons will be fined who:
more than an overnight trip; when a guest de
parts, or when a member of the household returns. a. Refuse to take the vow to abide by the hoko regu
c. Whenever a birth, death or other event occurs
lations or who refuse to adhere to the regulations.
which makes a change in the household. b. Refuse to pay an assessment or a fine, or who delay
payment without giving an acceptable reason.
Article 15. Related ho should organize a league of
c. Fail to make the reports necessary under Articles
hoko to determine by conference matters related to the ho. 13 and 14.
Article 16. To organize a league of hoko, permission Article 29. Soteidan members who, without proper
must be received from the gun office, sub-province, or reason, refuse to be on duty in case of mishap are to be
metropolitan police station. A hoko league should make a punished with a fine.
51
(TAIwan)
TAKAO PROVINCE
ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS
GUN ºf awe SHö 3:
© GUN OFFICE
o SHO OFFICE
: GUN soundary
... SH0 BOUNDARY
RIZAN Gun
t#
|- HEITö Gun
OKAYAMA Gun
HözAN GUN
ºwo “$2
School personnel is given in Section XII on schools Regional school inspecting official. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(p. 68 f.); the agricultural agencies in Section II on agri Regional technicians (1 also Head of
culture (p. 5 f.); the Marine Experimental Station in Public Works Section). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Section III on fishing (p. 16 f.); and the Industrial and
Commercial Promotion Hall in Section V on industry Industrial production director
(p. 25 ff.). With these exceptions, the list of official posi Industrial production technicians
tions in 1939 was as follows: Public works technician . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Social affairs director
1. Governor (Chiji) Social education director
Construction technician
The governor is appointed by the emperor and thus is
an official of chokunin (first-class) rank. He is nominated School inspectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
by the governor-general, to whom he is responsible for the Attached personnel
execution of laws and regulations. He is empowered to Technical aides
nullify the orders of gun and shi heads, and of the heads
of the police stations when such orders are contrary to
regulations or inimical to the public welfare. He may
impose prison terms of up to two months and/or fines up
to #70 without recourse to the courts. He appoints half
the members of the shi, gai, and sho assemblies and has
full power of veto over the acts of the assemblies.
The governor presides over a provincial assembly, half
of whose members are appointed by the governor-general Produce inspectors
of Taiwan, and half elected by the city, gai and sho
Social affairs secretary
assemblies. In 1936 the Takao Provincial Assembly had
14 Japanese and 11 Formosan-Chinese members. Social education secretaries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -
Construction secretary
2. OFFICE of Governor (Chiji kambo) Construction technical aides. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Interpreters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Regional technician (also head of
sanitation section) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Taxation officers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Police physician
Public works secretary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Sanitation technician - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
shi, Minato-machi
Mayor (also regional commissioner) . . . . . . . . . . . . -
School inspector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Head of station (also regional police supervisor)... 1 Industrial production technical aide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
#
c c ,;
.: ; ; ;3 ; ;i
-F ºf :;
st ;
#3 #
g: 3. "c
Gun office and location 3É ### 3. # # É ## : # *:
3& §§ *= *: # ë ## §
O
Chosu-gun, Chosu-gai . . . . . . . . 26 1 1 6 4 2 5 7
Heito-shi, Sakao-cho . . . . . . . . . 20 1 1 7 2 - 4 5
Hozan-gun, Hozan-gai . . . . . . . 20 1 1 7 2 - 2 7
Kizan Gun Office:
Kizam-gun, Kizam-gai . . . . . . . . 25 1 1 7 3 - 7 6
Koshun-gun, Koshun-sho . . . . . 15 1 1 4 2 2 2 3
Toko-gun, Toko-gai . . . . . . . . . . 20 1 1 6 3 1 2 6
(1) Courts and a prison (see Section IX, p. 58 ff.). (6) Monopoly bureau offices (see Section V, p. 25 ff.).
(2) Deposit bureau branches (see Section IX, p. 58 ff.). (7) Hospitals (see Section XI, p. 66 f.).
(3) Agricultural agencies (see Section II, p. 5 ff.). (8) Postoffices (see tables 28-35 in Section IX, p. 62
ff.).
55
24. Heito City offices.
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o-- "rovºº -
•olica starrow . -
ºcwoo- x
Poºr or rice. º
Doctoº - roRMosaw-cMiwetº to
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*rºm wo ºwanawwe
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•ºkawsui ***** : * *-awa
-- - & re-to-vºn-ºwa
: www.wai. ". -wa------ºwA
ru-Jiwºw - *- + -
*. - - ºr----------
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--
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www.wo *** *., ºcwowo **wrwrosal
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** -
wre---tºw .wron "Riunawu -
% wviºr
-
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**Answicºwo raw-ba • Narwo,
: cowo
tº-
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-
Talavo
-- "FSantax
-- ***karºon.,
*survaravo
&",” savaow-swa
Rºuwºrrsu-swa
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‘towo
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tº-wo-wv
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e'.
(1) field; (2) garden: (3) building plot; (4) . Birth and deaths within the last five years:
woods; (5) moor; (6) cemetery ground; (7) (1) Births, male, female, total, population per
marshes and ponds; (8) total. centage; (2) deaths, male, female, total, popula
tion percentage; (3) years for each of above;
d. Number of households: (4) averages for each of above.
(1) Japanese; (2) Formosan-Chinese: (3) for . People who particularly require police vigilance:
eigners; (4) total. (1) Persons with prison records; (2) habitual
criminals who have been warned; (3) habitual
e. Population:
gamblers; (4) indicted persons released on bail;
(1) Japanrse; (2) Formosan-Chinese; (3) for (5) persons under suspended sentences; (6) per
eigners; (4) total. sons receiving premonitory order; (7) people who
must be watched because of occupation and resi
f. Hoko system:
dence; (8) people who must be watched because
(1) Number of ho; (2) number of ko; (3) head of “opium association”; (9) opium addicts; (10)
of ko. villains and rogues; (11) delinquent boys; (12)
others requiring special police vigilance.
g. Soteidan:
. Important public figures and wealthy men:
(1) Leader; (2) assistant leaders; (3) men; (4)
total. . (1) Public figures (full name, property); (2)
wealthy men (full name, property).
h. Business establishments under police control. . Kinds of occupations and number of households
i. Number of domestic animals:
within jurisdiction:
(1) Government officials; (2) agriculturalists;
(1) water buffalo; (2) yellow oxen: (3) horses;
(4) hogs; (5) goats. (3) industry; (4) business; (5) day laborers;
(6) others; (7) total of Japanese, Formosan
Chinese, foreigners.
j. Important products and amounts produced:
. Factories.
(1) rice; (2) etc.
. Companies.
k. Distance notations:
. Hospitals.
(1) From this dispatch post to neighboring dis
patch post, neighboring provincial post, other im . Schools.
58
. Religious edifices and institutions: inals, 33 defendants and suspects, and 14 individuals who
were being “detained.” The eight prisons of Taiwan con
(1) Ancestral shrines; (2) Buddhist temples;
(3) Shinto shrines. tained a total of 4,166 convicted criminals, 336 defendants
and suspects, and 140 “detained” individuals. The ex
x. Historical sites. penditure for these prisons in 1938 was $700,237. The
income, which is reported as coming from the prisoners'
y. Scenic places.
employment in cabinet making, rattan work, printing,
sewing, and other crafts, was #705,472.
3. COURTS.
A widespread organization exists for the assistance of
The courts in Taiwan are under the Department of released prisoners, the Honin Taiwan Sansei Kyokai,
Judicial Affairs of the Government-General. All the branches being formed in each province in 1935 with the
courts in Takao Province are under the Tainan District provincial governor as president. A branch of the Takao
Court at Tainan-shi. The Takao branch of the Tainan provincial society is located in each gun and also in Takao
District Court is at Takao-shi, and has a personnel of 3 City and Heito City, the branch in Takao City claiming
judges, 2 magistrates, 13 secretaries and 3 interpreters. to have 1,192 members. The names of these societies are
Sub-branches of the Takao Branch Court, each with one Takao City Mutual Love Society, Heito City Love and
secretary, are located in each gun and are found at Protection Society, Choshu True Temper Society, Heito
Choshu, Heito, Hozan, Kizan, Koshun, Okayama, and gun Virtue Society, Hozan Fresh Light Society, Kizan
Toko. gun New Heart Society, Koshun Facing the Sun Society,
Many disputes that in other places would come before Okayama-gun Good Long Life Society, and Toko Dawn
the courts are settled in Taiwan through arbitration by Society.
the provincial governor and by some, if not all, of the
gum heads. From 1929 through 1938 the number of arbi 7. WELFARE ORGANIZATIONS.
tration cases in Taiwan exceeded the number of civil
suits, although in 1938 there were 9,217 civil suits and Excepting the hospitals of various kinds, the public
8,415 arbitration cases. pawnshops, the public employment offices, and a little
A law of 1904 permitted gun heads and the heads of relief assistance from the government, organized welfare
city police stations to hand down summary decisions in work is in the hands of many small societies and organ
cases involving gambling, the violation of various ad izations which are guided unofficially, if not officially, by
four societies which have received funds from the im
ministrative regulations and other “minor” offenses sub
perial family of Japan. A total of 228 welfare societies
ject to detention and fine, and provided a right of appeal
and organizations existed in Takao Province in 1939, not
to the courts. The number of cases so handled in Taiwan including some of the sho and gai committees.
between 1929 and 1938 varied from 130,045 to 217, 297 and
the number of appeals from 6 to 100. In 1938 there were The Taiwan Welfare Society receives about ¥20,000 a
174,026 cases and 6 appeals. The number of cases in year from a trust fund established by an imperial grant.
Takao Province is not known. The society promotes private welfare groups, publishes a
monthly magazine, the Shai Jigyo-no-Tomo (Friend of
4. DEPOSIT-BUREAU OFFICES. the Welfare Workers), holds a Taiwan welfare conven
tion each year, promotes the observance of Children's
Deposit-bureau offices are at Takao and Heito, under Day on May 5, and sends about ten people a year to study
the Tainan deposit bureau, a branch of the deposit bureau the welfare institutions of Japan. Branch organizations
of the Government-General. The offices seem to serve as are in each province and in the sub-divisions of the
depositories for a variety of legal documents and records, provinces.
and to be a means by which the Government-General can
The Taisho Relief Society was established in 1915 with
keep track of all significant transactions in Taiwan.
Y48,600 of imperial funds and, at the death of Emperor
Taisho in 1926, received an additional sum of ¥70,900.
5. FIRE FIGHTING.
Its assets in 1938 were $126,135; its objective is to assist
The soteidan, under police supervision and training, private-welfare groups.
form the fire-fighting units in Takao Province, with the The Meiji Relief Society was established in 1912 with a
exception of Takao City, which has a fire station. In all fund of ¥48,600 granted at the time of Emperor Meiji's
probability Heito City also has a fire department. Details death. Its assets at the end of 1938 amounted to ¥147,915.
of the soteidan are presented under the discussion of the
hoko system in Section VII, p. 47. The Showa Relief Society was established with imperial
funds of ¥70,900 in 1929 when the present Japanese
emperor came to the throne. The income from these funds
6. PRISONS.
is given to the Taiwan Welfare Society.
The prison in Takao City is a branch of the Tainan The Takao Benevolence Institute has a building costing
prison, which in turn is under the jurisdiction of the Y13,000, which was received from the Meiji Relief Society
Government-General. It is a wooden structure, completed and the Taisho Relief Society. Its assets in 1938 amounted
in 1933. In July, 1939, it contained 124 convicted crim to ¥56,308, and its 1939 budget was $29,804. Each province
59
has such an organization, in 1938 all of them together in Takao Province in 1938. The markets afford places
receiving ¥25,000 from the Taiwan treasury. Among where poor people can sell small produce. Cheap lodging
other activities, they conduct medical examinations in and cheap entertainment can be obtained, and open-air
remote places. In 1938, 22,852 different people were ex food vendors do a constant business.
amined at a cost of ¥17,602.
A public employment office in Takao City handled
Thirty-two of the sho and gai in Takao Province were 4,426 requests for employment from Japanese and 2,485
reported to have a total of 324 welfare committees under from Formosan-Chinese in 1938. In all the employment
the sho and gai heads. The total budget for such com offices in Taiwan there were 4,426 requests for employ
mittees in Taiwan in 1939 was $172,739, of which Y18,176 ment from Japanese, and 2,485 from Formosan-Chinese
came from the Taiwan treasury. The committees handled in 1938.
312,626 cases in Taiwan in 1938, including 45,451 cases
There are public pawnshops at Takao and Heito, which
of consultation and guidance, 123,802 of health and medi are considered by the Japanese to be welfare institutions.
cal aid, 10,210 cases of child care, 51,702 cases which were The interest rate on loans is limited by law to two per
referred elsewhere, 7,989 cases in which birth certificates
cent a month. The Takao pawnshop in 1938 loaned
were “straightened out,” 31,492 in which goods or money
¥243,529 to 18,484 people, and had an income of ¥32,725
were given, and 41,980 other cases.
with expenditures of ¥8,202. The Heito pawnshop loaned
In-1938 the provincial governments gave relief to 634 ¥110,755 to 9,704 people, and had an income of ¥11,141
persons at a cost of ¥15,890. The gun, gai and cities in with expenditures of ¥5,548.
1932 assisted 3,855 people at a cost of ¥59,845. Each
There is a Roman Catholic orphanage, founded in
province has a disaster relief fund, the total amounting Tainan City in 1869, in Takao City, which in 1939 was
to ¥6,938,070 in 1938.
caring for 55 children within the orphanage and 13 out
Forty-seven public markets and 12 public baths existed side the institution.
Table 28: Location of police stations, postoffices, doctors and schools in Takao City and Heito City.
(The places listed include all sho and gai, but only those towns and villages which have one or more of the listed
facilities. Population figures for the sho and gai include the population of towns and villages not listed.)
Primary
Police Post & higher Primary:
stations offices Japanese Formosan primary Formosan Other Japanese Total
Chushu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 1 - 7 2,261
Entei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - 5 13 - - 1,780 14,532
Gishiko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - 1 - - - - 471 1,639
Heiwa-cho . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - 1 - - 1 - 1,458 4,107
Horie-cho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - 6 1 1 - 1 2,383 3,203
Irifune-cho . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 1 2 - - - - 1,539 2,748
Kigo-cho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - 3 - - - 454 7,504
Kitano-cho . . . . . . . .. . . . . - - 5 - - - 301 8,436
Kotobuki-cho . . .. . . . . . . . - 1 - 1 - - - 431 739
Minato-cho . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 1 6 — 1 - 1 3,838 5,692
Naii . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . - — . - 1 - 1 - 369 3,077
Reigaryo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 1 1 179 6,156
Sakae-cho . . . . .. . . . . .. . . - - 1 - - - 1,671 2,189
Sankaiseki . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - 3 - 1 1 420 4,914
Shinhama-cho . . . . . . .. . . - - - 1 — - - 548 1,464
Shosen-cho . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - 1 - - - - 885 2,098
Ta-machi . . . . .. .. . . .. . . - - 3 1 - - - 1,750 4,689
Yamashita-cho . . . . . . . . . - 1 5 - - - - 2,153 3,112
Zenkin . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . - 3 - - - 1 - 1,069 4,472
60
Table 29: Location of police stations, postoffices, doctors and schools in Choshu-Gun.
(The places listed include all sho and gai, but only those towns and villages which have one or more of the listed
facilities. Population figures for the sho and gai include the population of towns and villages not listed.)
Doctors Sch ools 19.3.5 population
- - - - Primary - --- - -
Table 30: Location of police stations, postoffices, doctors, and schools in Heito-Gun
Doctors schools was population
--
T primary T T T TT -
Primary
Police Post & higher Primary:
- stations offices Japanese Formosan primary Formosan Other Japanese Total
Hozan-gun, total . . . . . . . . . 8 3 3 20 4 16 2 2,125 106,086
Hozan-gai . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 2 8 1 2 1 - 831 19,837
Goko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - - - - - 1 - 7 1,546
Hozan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 1 1 - - 1 - 596 10,758
Jimbw-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - 1 - 2 - 43 10,607
Jimbu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - 1 - 1 - 12 1,245
Taisha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 1 - 9 857
Kominato-sho . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 1 3 2 4 - 547 17,210
Kominato . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 1 - 1 1 - 488 1,373
Komoko . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 1 - 15 5,516
Shisokyaku . . . . . . . . . . - - - 1 - - - 5 438
Taiheicho .. .. . . . . . .. - - - - - 1 - 0 1,807
Tairimpo . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - - 2 - 1 - º 2
Rinen-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 3. - - 1 60 16,863
Rinshihen . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - - 3 - - - 52 1,662
Sembi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - - - - - - 0 2,530
Taiju-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 - 3 1 3 - 258 16,759
Keiho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 1 - 16 2,508
Kyukyokudo . . . . . . . . . 1 1 - 1 1 1 - 185 2,314
Taiju . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 1 - 10 1,319
Tairvo-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - - 2 - 3. - 337 18,007
Sanchicho ........ - - - 1 - - - - - - 188 3,339
Sekkan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 1 - 14 4,802
Tairvo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 1 - 107 3,500
Chusho ... . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 1 - º 2
Kyubukyaku . . . . . . . . . — - - 2 - - - º 2
Torimatsu-sho . . . . . . . - - 1 - - - - 2 - 49 6,803
Densoho . . . . . . - - - - - - ... — - - - - 1 - 5 1,879
Torimatsu . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - - - - 1 - 38 1,232
Table 32: Location of police stations, postoffices, doctors and schools in Kizan-Gun
(The places listed include all sho and gai, but only those towns and villages which have one or more of the listed
facilities. Population figures for the sho and gai include the population of towns and villages not listed. The sho and
gai administrative centers are italicized.)
Doctors Schools 1935 Population
Primary
Police Post & higher Primary:
-- _ _ _ _stations offices Japanese Formosan primary Formosan Other Japanese Total
Kizam-gun, total' .... .... . 4 3 3 15 2 13 1 1,936 80,825
Denyro-sho . . . .... .... . - - - - - 3 - 9 10,614
Denryo . . . . . .... .... . - - - - - 1 - 3 2,070
Koteiko . . .. . .. . .. . . . - - - - - 1 - 0 1,124
Kounun . . . .. . .. . .. . . - - - - - 1 - 3 2,040
Kizam-gai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 3 7 1 2 1 1,116 22,999
Keishu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - - 2 - 1 - 17 5,810
Kibi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - 1 - - - - 309 2,352
Kizan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 - - 1 1 1 671 8,527
Kosen-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 - - 1 1 - 81 2,825
Kosen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 - - 1 1 - * º
Mino-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 1 - 6 - 4 - 113 24,878
Chikutokaku . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 1 - 8 3,470
Chuun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - 1 - - - 24 4,243
Kichiyo . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 1 - 15 3,162
Mino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 1 - 5 - 1 - 37 7,709
Ryuto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 1 - 24 4,430
Naimon-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - - - - 1 - 36 11,041
Kohyo . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - 5 1,360
Naiho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - - - - - - 21 2,209
Sanrin-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - 2 - 2 - 39 7,064
Getsubi . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - 2 1 - 25 2,961
Sanrin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 1 - 6 929
* Aborigine territory: figures have not been included except in population figures. Magatsun-sha and Gani-sha each have a Japanese doctor:
Barison-sha has a Formosan-Chinese doctor.
62
Table 33: Location of police stations, postoffices, doctors and schools in Koshum-Gun
(The places listed include all sho and gai, but only those towns and villages which have one or more of the listed
facilities. Population figures for the sho and gai include the population of towns and villages not listed. The sho and
gai administrative centers are italicized.)
Doctors schools 1935 Population
- - primary - - - -- - -
Table 3.4: Location of police stations, post offices, doctors and schools in Okayama-Gum.
(The places listed include all sho and gai, but only those towns and villages which have one or more of the listed
facilities. Population figures for the sho and gai include the population of towns and villages not listed. The sho and
gai administrative centers are italicized.)
Doctors Schools 1935 Population
Primary
Police Post & higher Primary:
- _ __ _ _ _ _ stations offices Japanese Formosan primaru Formosan Other Japanese Total
Okayama-gun, total . . . . . . . 2 3 - 33 2 17 l 1,392 148,401
A rem-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - 4 - 1 - 18 8,826
A ren . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - 2 - - - 13 2,691
Sekiantan . . . . . . . . . . . - - - 1 -- - - 0 2,130
Kuunin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - 1 - - - - 2 º
Enso-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 1 - 33 7,559
Konai-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - :; - 54 28,505
º
Chokatei . . . . . . . . . . . . -- - - - - 1 -- 15 11,220
Ishimai . . . . . . . . ... • * * * * 1 25 8,256
º Taiko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- - 1
-
- 11 1,424
ſ
Mida-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - 3 - 4 - 95 26,720
!.
Mida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - 2 - 1 - 35 2,633
Shikan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - 1 1 - 26 3,557
Shinsekishi . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 1 - º 2
Koshiryo . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 1 - º º
Namshi-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 - 9 1 2 - 616 18,606
Kyoshito . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 - 4 - - - 424 1,603
Namshi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 - 5 - 1 - 124 2,573
Shiryu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 1 - 56 1,895
Okayama-gai . . . . . . . . . . - 1 : - 7 1 3 1 429 15,285
Gokobi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 1 - 16 1,470
Koko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . — - - 2 - - - 94 1,201
Okayama . . . . . . . . . . . . - 1 - 5 1 1 1 300 4,383
Rochiku-sho - - - 4 - 1 - 69 14,341
Rochiku . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - 2 - 1 - 24 3,719
Taisha . . . . . . . . .. . . . . - - - 2 - - - 20 3,280
Saei-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - 6 - 2 - 69 17,945
Hishito . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - 3 - - - 26 1,275
Saei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - 1 - 1 - 26 7,868
Uchu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - 2 - 1 - 17 2,392
63
º
º
6. DEPARTMENT of HARBOR AFFAIRs (Komu-bu) Takao council of eight, of which he is the chairman and the
shi, Shogen-cho deputy mayor, and six members elected from the city
assembly.
Total personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Takao and Heito each have a city assembly, half of
Head of department (also head of whose members are appointed by the governor of the
police affairs section) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 province, half elected by the qualified voters. In 1940
Harbor affairs official (also head of there were 19 Japanese and 10 Formosan-Chinese in the
marine affairs section) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Takao Assembly; 15 Japanese and 13 Formosan-Chinese
in the Heito Assembly.
Harbor physician (also head of quarantine section) 1
Assistant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Total personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Harbor petty officers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Harbor veterinarian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Mayor (Shiin) also regional commissioner. . . . . . . . 1
Quarantine officer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Assistant to the mayor (also regional
Sanitation technical aide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 commissioner) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.
Head of station (also regional police supervisor) .. 1 Industrial production technical aide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Police inspectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Public works secretary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Public works technical aides. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Assistant police inspectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Social affairs secretary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
- - -
37 És –; 7: : Tr: #: $
Gun office and location *i #: # É# # # # 3i
## §§ ** :£ -: § # g
O
Chosu-gun, Chosu-gai . . . . . . . . 26 1 1 6 4 2 5 7
Heito-shi, Sakao-cho . . . . . . . . . 20 1 1 7 2 - 4 5
Kizam-gun, Kizam-gai . . . . . . . . 25 1 1 7 3 - 7 6
Koshun-gun, Koshun-sho . . . . . 15 1 1 4 2 2 2 3
Toko-gun, Toko-gai . . . . . . . . . . 20 1 1 6 3 1 2 6
(1) Courts and a prison (see Section IX, p. 58 f.). (6) Monopoly bureau offices (see Section V, p. 25 f.).
(2) Deposit bureau branches (see Section IX, p. 58ff.). (7) Hospitals (see Section XI, p. 66 f.).
(3) Agricultural agencies (see Section II, p. 5 ff.). (8) Postoffices (see tables 28-35 in Section IX, p. 62
ff.).
55
Table 35: Location of police stations, postoffices, doctors and schools in Toko-Gun.
(The places listed include all sho and gai, but only those towns and villages which have one or more of the listed
facilities. Population figures for the sho and gai include the population of towns and villages not listed. The admin
istrative centers are italicized.)
Police Post
primary
& higher Primary:
stations offices Japanese Formosan primary Formosan Other Japanese Total
64
X. PUBLIC FINANCE
1. GENERAL STATEMENT. The Government-General Table 38: Estimated revenue of shi, gai, and sho in
planned to spend ¥208,602,000 in 1939; the provinces, Takao Province, 1939.
¥34,690,806; and the shi, gai and sho, Y36,961,486. The
Total estimated revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ¥6,170,901
Government-General expenditures included subsidies to
the provinces of ¥6,140,369 and to the shi, gai and sho of From property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114,694
¥908,269. The provincial expenditures included subsidies Rent and commissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 925,791
Grants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162,097
to shi, gai and sho of ¥2,367,961.
Subsidy from national treasury . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,310
The following tables give income and expenditure for Subsidy from Takao Province . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506,288
Takao Province and for shi, gai and sho in the province Donations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61,789
according to estimates for 1939, the latest figures avail Transfer fund . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155,129
able. Sales of property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42,607
Carried over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313,022
Table 36: Estimated revenue for Takao provincial Miscellaneous income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 538,141
government, 1939. Shi, gai, sho tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,811,033
Shi, gai, sho loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321,000
Total estimated revenue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Y6,291,384
Local tax . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . ... .. . . . 3,381,527 Table 39: Estimated expenditures of shi, gai and sho in
Income tax . . . . .. . . .. . .. . . . . 232,918
Land surtax . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 1,286,365 Takao Province, 1939.
Business surtax .. . . .. .. . . . . . 420,244
Total expenditures . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ¥6,170,901
Mining surtax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
House surtax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219,231 Total, ordinary expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,259,085
Special business surtax. . . . . . . 119,172 Shrine expense . . . . . . . . . . . . .......... ... 20,451
Miscellaneous tax . . . . . . . . . . . 1.103.324. Assembly expense . . . . . . . . . . ........... . . 14,889
3,381,527 General office expense . . . . . . ............. 828,038
Public works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,422
Subsidy from national treasury. . . . . . . . . . 1,012,199 Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 861,861
Educational subsidy . . . . . . . . . 233,728 Expense for public halls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,125
Sanitation subsidy . . . . . . . . . . 43,750 Sanitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281,211
Industrial encouragement Soiled objects disposal expense . . . . . . . . . . . 133,658
subsidy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213,349 Parks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,323
Social affairs subsidy. . . . . . . . 3,000 Encouragement of industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280,806
Public works subsidy. . . . . . . . . 498,498 Social affairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,782
Air defense subsidy. . . . . . . . . . 19,874 Local improvements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,909
1,012,199 Handling public funds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,726
Managing foundation property . . . . . . . . . . . 111,550
Carried over from previous year. . . . . . . . . 141,055 Election expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,436
Other income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,756,603 Property expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,863
Various tax and share. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207,883
From gai and sho. . . . . . . . . . . . 88,000 Preservation of historical sites . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Estate income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,474
Donations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,744 Expenses for guarding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97,519
. Rent and commissions. . . . . . . . 293,647 Miscellaneous expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,814
Loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150,000 Other expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,648
Reserve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,000
Miscellaneous income . . . . . . . . 1,150,738
1,756,603 Total, special expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,911,816
Table 37.: Estimated eacpenditures of Takao provincial Public works, building and repair . . . . . . . . . 720,330
government, 1939. Sanitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116,816
Encouragement of industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,196
Total estimated expenditures'. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Y6,291,384 Social affairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,767
Government expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292,452 City planning expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254,587
Public works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,561,419 Shi, gai, sho loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 784,505
Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,917,699 Subsidies and donations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277,073
Sanitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337,392 Drawing fund . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,495
Encouragement of industry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 735,601 Expense for guarding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,555
Social affairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,450 Sinking funds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,507
Building and repairs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,850 Managing foundation property . . . . . . . . . . . 4,750
Assembly expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,022 Property purchase funds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,023
Public loan expense. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259,035 Investigation of shi, gai, sho administration 5,978
9ther expense ............................ 1,073,464 Miscellaneous expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,800
Reserve expense .......................... 36,000 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,958
''An additional special expenditure of ¥1,442,168 is listed for Takao Educational expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48,209
Province, of which W1,000,000 is stated as coming from the national
treasury. The expenditure seems to be for public land, but is not clear. Expense for adjusting land boundaries . . . . 229,267
No other province has funds listed under the same category. Continuing expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,000
65
XI. HEALTH
1. GENERAL STATEMENT. The Japanese have exerted tricts for special treatment. The inhabitants are sub
considerable effort to improve health conditions in Tai jected to blood tests, and medicine is administered to those
wan, and as a result, smallpox, cholera, scarlet fever, bearing malaria germs. A mosquito-control program con
and plague have been practically eliminated from the sisting of encouraging the use of mosquito nets, draining
island. In 1932, in Takao Province, there were 2,173 swamps, weeding-out of wild grasses, bamboo, and trees
deaths recorded from tuberculosis, 2,606 from diarrhoea from breeding-places, and emphasizing general sanita
and enteritis, 736 from bronchitis, 547 from pneumonia, tion was inaugurated. Of the 3,273,543 persons in the 190
156 from pleurisy, 75 from meningitis, 40 from whooping districts tested, 107,246 or 3.26 per cent were found to
cough, 35 from measles, 29 from influenza, 12 from be germ-bearers. It is known that a number of these
typhoid, 1 from paratyphoid, 3 from diphtheria, 2 from districts were in Takao Province, but only one is known
dysentery, and none from smallpox or scarlet fever. by name, Kizam-gun, Kizam-gai.
these 39,175 rats were examined but none carried the Patent medicine peddlers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,672 786
agencies under the title of “Health Agencies,” as shown Soft drink peddlers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552 268
Table 40: Health agencies, Taiwan and Takao Province, Dairy product manufacturers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0
Number of physicians, total 1,983 254 Places of processing animal hides and bones. . . . . . 52 14
In government offices . . . . . . . . . ... ... . . .. ... . 99 6 Crematoria . .. . . .. . ... . . . .. . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 49 11
In government hospitals . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . 241 22
Undertakers . .. .. . .. . ... . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . .. . . . 77 17
In municipal hospitals . . . . . . . . ... ... . ... . .. . 50 1
Private practitioners excluding public doctors 1,321 182 Cloth dealers . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 28 7
Public doctors . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 272 43
Barbers . . . .. .. . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . .. . . 2,987 395
Isei (Native medical practitioners), total. . . 163 17
Hair dressers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 20
Number of dentists, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407 63
In government hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 0.
Foodstuff and dye material dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 859 5
67
XII. SCHOOLS AND LIBRARIES
1. GENERAL STATEMENT. The educational system in Tai bureau of education of the Government-General super
wan is essentially the same as that in Japan with the vises the entire educational system and determines what
exception that there are special primary schools (ko texts shall be used.
gakko) for Formosan-Chinese children who cannot speak The distinction between shogakko and ko gakko was
Japanese, and special schools for the aborigines. Formo eliminated, in name at least, in April, 1941. These schools
san-Chinese students with sufficient command of the now are called kokumin gakko (national schools) to em
Japanese language and coming from families of some phasize the unity of the Formosan-Chinese and Japanese.
prestige among the Japanese, are admitted to the schools Tuition is charged, but the poor are exempted or
utilized by the Japanese. The total percentage of children allowed reductions. Families with two or more children
in Taiwan attending school falls far short of the per in school are granted reduced rates. In some instances
centage in Japan. where children live near the railway lines, free passes
The public-school system in Taiwan includes the fol are given.
lowing types of schools:
2. LIST OF SHOOLS.
Kindergartens
a. Schools maintained by Takao Province. Data on these
Elementary common education
six schools are as of April 1, 1939.
Primary schools for Japanese (and Formosan
Chinese who can speak Japanese) (sho gakko) Formosan
Staff Japanese Chinese
Primary schools for Formosan-Chinese (ko gakko) School personnel students students
Takao Middle School
Higher common and secondary education Takao-shi, Sankaiseki . . . . . . . . . . . 45 608 32s
Takao Girls Higher School
Higher primary schools (koto shogakko) Takao-shi, Reigaryo . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 398 33
Takao Commercial School
Middle schools (koto chugakko)
Takao-shi, Taikoho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 204 s2
Girls' high schools (koto jo gakko) Heito Girls Higher School
Higher schools (koto gakko) Heito-shi. Omiya-cho . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 275 144
Heito Agricultural School
Heito-shi, Zuiho-cho . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 79 366
Normal education Heito Middle School
Heito-shi, Kita-cho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 142 63
Normal schools (shihan gakko)
Okayama Primary and Higher Primary School Koshun-gun, Koshun, Koshun First . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Okayama-gun, Okayama-gai . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Koshun-gun, Koshun-sho, Koshun Second . 5
Riko Primary School, Heito-gun, Riko-sho... - - - 2 Koshun-gun. Manshu-sho. Manshu . . 6
Rokki Primary School, Heito-gun, Rokki-sho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Koshun-gun, Shajo-sho. Shajo ... . . .... . . . . - 11
º
Tokiwa Primary Higher Primary School Koshun-gun. Aborigine school, Koshibutsu-sha, Koshibutsu. . 2
Heito-gun, Riko-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Oka,
Tº...º. Higher - -
Primary School - -
3 yama-gun, Aren-sho,
Okayama-gun, Enso-sho, Aren .. .
Yokoyama . 6
3
o-gun. 0-fººt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - Okayama-gun, #. º: - - - - - 7
Okayama-gun, Konai-sho, okatei 12
- - - - Okayama-gun, Komai-sho, Ishinai . . . . . . . . . . 11
d. Primary schools for Formosan-Chinese maintained Okayama-gun, Konai-sho, Taiko . . . . . . 5
locally. Data on these 111 schools are from a report pub - Okayama-gun,
Okayama-gun, Saei-sho, Uchu
Saei-sho, Saei . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 18
4
lished in 1939. Staff personnel listed for each school in- 3. #. §ºirº 1.
cludes one principal; the rest are teachers. 3. *... §an ......................... 7
Okayama-gun, Mida-sho, Shinseki 2
- Okayama-gun, Nanshi-sho, - Nanshi 7
- Staff Okayama-uum, Nanshi-sho, Shiryu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Location of school personnel Okayama-gun, Okayama-gai, Gokobi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Heito-shi. Kaiho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 4 Okayama-gun, §...º.º.º.” - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 15
Heito-shi, Kokan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . s Okayama-gun, Rochiku-sho, Rochiku . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Heito-shi, Kurogame-cho 24
Heito-shi, Omiya-cho . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
- - - - - - - - - - - Toko-gun, Bantan-sho, Bantan - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9
Heito-shi. Showa-cho
- - - - -
7 #::::: |...}. sº
Toko-gun, Bantan-sho, inshoshi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ;
Takao-shi, Chushu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . s Toko-gun, Kato-sho, Kato . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Takao-shi, Heiwa-cho . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 25 #:... #."ºn - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
3.::::::: #. jºrs"
hoshu-gun, Choshu-gai,
Choshu-gun, Bozan-sho, Fuko . . .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Choshu
- 6
4
17 3. Libraries. Four libraries existed
- - - -
in Takao Province-
Choshu-gun, Choshu-gai, Shirin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 in 1936, with the possible addition of a few small libraries
Choshu-gun, Naiho-sho, Naiho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 ined b
- h -
§. Nº. Shinhokusei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . łł
hu- , Naiho-sho, Shintosei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. -
#:::::::: º: #.” - - - -
69
26. Kigo, an old Formosan-Chinese settlement near
Takao harbor.
LOCAL DATA
I. INTRODUCTION
Available data are assembled in this section on each was hoisted in a sho in order to impress the people with
gun and its subdivisions, but the data are uneven, being the fact that they were under the benevolent rule of the
more complete on some areas and subjects than on others. Japanese. Whether such a statement is an incidental ref
The population figures and the information on the loca erence to the custom of flying the Japanese flag, or
tion of doctors, schools and post offices were taken front whether it refers to something peculiar to the place
official listings that purported to be complete. The loca named, is not known.
tions of police stations were determined from symbols
No reference is made to telephone or telegraph facili
on Japanese maps which did not distinguish the type of
ties in the gun, but it is important to note that most, if
station. Other information was taken from a variety of
not all, of the post offices serve as telephone and telegraph
sources, including the Taiwan Tetsudo Annai (Railway
offices. In 1938 there were in Taiwan 194 post offices, 219
Guide to Taiwan), and the Nihon Chimei Daijiten (Japa
telegraph offices, and 222 telephone offices. In addition to
nese Geographical Place-name Encyclopedia). These
the telephone offices, there were 20,251 telephone sub
sources happened to name a number of cooperative asso
scribers in Taiwan, of whom 6,741 were Formosan
ciations in Kizam-gum but none in other gun, which does
Chinese.
not mean that such associations may not be equally fre
quent in the other gun. In like manner, the statement Rice-polishing mills are found in all the sho and gai
was made for one or two places that the Japanese flag and are reported to be operated by electricity.
The population of Takao City increased over 60 per the Pescadores is now under the supervision of naval
cent between 1935 and 1940 (from 94,017 to 152,365) a headquarters at Takao.
reflection of recent industrial and military developments The city is divided into a number of areas, which are
in the area. The Japanese population increased from named in the population table in Appendix I, but the
22,165 to 28,336. The industrial development has been exact location of each area and its characteristics have
subsidized by the Government-General, the 1938 budget not yet been determined. The triangular central section,
of which carried an item of ¥1,000,000 for “subsidy to bounded on the south by the main wharf, on the west by
the establishment of industrial zone facilities in Takao.”
the railroad yard, and on the east by the Takao River,
Takao is on a narrow lagoon which extends south is predominantly a Japanese residential district, with
eastward about eight miles, and is formed by a strip of warehouses at the southern part. Ta-machi (Den-cho)
sand about 120 feet wide. It is connected with the sea by is an industrial area along the river 1.9 miles from the
a narrow harbor entrance protected by two breakwaters, Takao railroad station. Sankaiseki on the east is an in
2,800 and 3,000 feet in length. On the north side of the dustrial section 1.7 miles from the Takao station. Yama
entrance is a 1,200-foot hill, Kotobuki-yama (Ape hill), shita-cho is 0.9 miles to the east from the station. Rei
and on the south side, a 400-foot hill, Kigo-to (Saracen garyo, where the aluminum plant is located, and Gishido
Head) with a lighthouse on its summit. The three-quar are industrial sections on the lagoon. Minato-cho at the
ter-mile stretch of the lagoon parallel to the main wharves foot of Kotobuki-yama is the oldest part of the city and
can accommodate about 20 large vessels, but ships of is the site of government offices and residences. Business
10,000 tons or more must anchor in the outer harbor, just has expanded from here to Entei-cho, where formerly
north of the breakwaters. The main wharf berths eight salt beds were located. Zenkin-cho is to the north, across
ships. The Japanese spent about ¥30,000,000 for port the Takao River. Kigo-cho on the tip of the peninsula
improvements between 1908 and 1935, and since then have and Heiwa-cho still comprise Formosan-Chinese areas.
greatly accelerated their expansion program.
Two shipyards, two marine-engine works, 31 slipways. Three highway bridges and three railroad bridges,
a graving dock, loading equipment, and many warehouses varying in length from 180 to 450 feet, cross the Takao
River.
are at the harbor. Additional naval and harbor facilities
and a large urban area with warehouses, industrial A 1,700-foot tunnel under Kotobuki-yama leads to a
plants, and residences have been developed recently at municipal bathing resort on the beach north of the harbor
Toshien, a little to the north. The Mako naval station in entrance, where there is also a military hospital.
Takao has a gas system, a water system which in 1936 fighting equipment in 1928 consisted of 1 automobile
supplied 50 per cent of the population, and a fire brigade pump, 1 steam pump, 4 hand pumps, 8 hose wagons, and 1
which in 1928 consisted of a chief, an assistant chief, fire watch-tower.
four section heads, and 63 firemen. The expenditures for The business firms and the governmental agencies in
the fire brigade in that year were only ¥15,032. The fire- Takao City are listed in Part I.
28. View of Takao City, looking west toward the harbor. The skyline (Kigo Peninsula) has been deleted.
... "
29. Takao railroad station. (This may have been replaced by a new structure.)
72
31. Gate in the remains of the old city wall, Takao.
- III. CHOSHU GUN
Schools: Three primary schools for Formosan-Chinese, Population, 1935: 3,290, of whom 52 were Japanese.
one each at Banran, Gokosui, and Kasa. -
Post office: Bozan.
Doctors, 1939: Three Formosan-Chinese doctors, tw Police stations: Four, one each at Bozan, Fuko, Karo
at Banran and one at Kasa. kudo, and Nanseiko.
Transportation: Banran is on a pushcar line and a Schools: Two primary schools for Formosan-Chinese,
road running from Naiho on the north to Choshu on the one at Bozan, one at Fuko.
southeast. Chartered five-passenger automobiles once Doctors, 1939: One Formosan-Chinese doctor at Fuko.
operated from Choshu to Banran, Kasa, and Sekizan, the Transportation: Bozan is on the main coastal highway.
rates being 15 sem, 25 sem, and 35 sem respectively. Business firms: Bozan Bussam Kaisha (Bozan Prod
Production about 1936: Rice, Y700,000; sugar cane, ucts Co.)
¥300,000; sweet potatoes, Y70,000; vegetables, Y30,000; Special features:
bananas, Y120,000; forest products, Y30,000; cattle, Bozan is a small area along the coast at the place where
¥200,000; hogs, Y140,000; rice-polishing, and brick and the aborigine district almost reaches the coast. It is irri
tile making, Y90,000. gated by two streams, the Shinokyaku-kei and the Fuko
Business firms: Takao Seika KK (Takao Fruit Co.). kei. Because of the lack of a good harbor, there is no deep
This Formosan-Chinese firm was established in 1932 with sea fishing.
a capital of ¥300,000. The president was Rin Tokugyoku. A ruined fortress built during the Chinese period for
Special features: use against the aborigines is in the sho.
Irrigation facilities in the southwest; dry-land farm
ing in the northeast. d. Choshu-gai.
There are quite a number of Catholics among the abori Population, 1935: 14,015, including 562 Japanese and
gines who are living in the regular administrative areas. 888 foreign Chinese.
The Bankin Tenshudo (Catholic missionary building) Administrative seat: Choshu.
was erected in 1859. At Sekizan is a Christian chapel Post office: Choshu.
erected about 80 years ago. Police station : Choshu.
Schools: Two primary schools for Formosan-Chinese,
b. Boryo-sho. one at Shirin. A primary and higher primary school is in
Population, 1935: 12,130, of whom 116 were Japanese. Choshu-gai.
Administrative seat: Boryo. - Doctors, 1939: Two Japanese doctors, one at Choshu,
Post office: at Boryo. the other at Gokairyo; six Formosan-Chinese doctors at
Police stations: at Boryo, Hokkibi, and Suiteiryo. Choshu.
Schools: Primary schools for Formosan-Chinese at Gai production, about 1936: Rice, Y650,000; sweet
Boryo, Hokkibi, and Suiteiryo. potatoes, Y250,000; sugar cane, Y70,000; bananas, #67,
74
000; vegetables, Y70,000; cattle, Y130,000; hogs, Y170,000; Transportation: A pushcar line, paralleled by a high
manufacturing, #1,120,000. way, runs from Naiho to Heito, and another line and
Transportation: On the government railroad line 24.7 road run to Choshu.
miles from the Takao station and 4.5 miles from the Sho production: The value of production about 1936
Keishu station. A branch of this line runs from Rimpen was rice, Y1,000,000; bananas, Y150,000 (from 300 ko of
or Keishu to Toko. land); sugar cane, Y200,000; sweet potatoes, Y60,000;
A pushcar line runs from Choshu northeast to Banran. vegetables, Y30,000; cattle, Y30,000; hogs, Y270,000. In
A pushcar line from Choshu to Boryo may have been dis addition there was production of fruits, pineapples, and
continued with the completion in 1940 of the government poultry.
raidroad to Boryo. Special features: The Rohi Farm of the Taiwan Pine
Choshu is at the junction of at least two highways. apple Co., is in the sho and has an area of 1,000 ko (2,397
Chartered automobiles run from Choshu south to Gar acres).
ambi at the southern tip of the island and northeast to
f. Shimpi-sho.
Banran, Kasa, and Sekizan.
Rickshaws are available at a rate of 50 sem per ri (2.44 Population, 1935: 7,093, of whom 25 were Japanese.
miles) on level road, 30 sen a ri for two-passenger sedan Administrative seat: Shimpi.
chairs. " Post office: at Choshu in Choshu-gai.
Government agencies: Police stations: at Shimpi and Kotan.
Gun and sho offices: Schools: a primary school for Formosan-Chinese at
Branch of the Takao court. Shimpi.
A government agricultural warehouse. Transportation: Shimpi is on a secondary road and a
Business firms: trail leading into aborigine territory.
A branch of the Taiwan Commercial and Industrial
g. Takeda-sho.
Bank.
Choshu-gai Kyobai Ichiba KK (Choshu-gai Wholesale Population, 1935: 9,778, of whom 76 were Japanese.
Administrative seat: Takeda.
Market Co., Ltd.) Food dealers. Founded: June 1938.
Capital: Y50,000. Post office; at Naiho, in Naiho-sho.
Police station: at Takeda.
Nano Umyo KK (Nano Transportation Co., Ltd.).
Located at Tokairyo. Founded: April, 1926. Capital: Schools: Two primary schools for Formosan-Chinese,
one at Takeda, the other at Saisei.
Y100,000.
Transportation: Takeda and Saisei are both on the
Special features: Choshu-gai is an agricultural region
known as “the land of the Choshu rice.” main government railroad line. The Takeda station is
22.2 miles from the Takao station and 7 miles from
e. Naiho-sho. Keishu. The Saisei station is 2.2 miles north of Takeda.
Population, 1935: 22,956, of whom 125 were Japanese. The Government-General budget for 1938 had an item of
Administrative seat: Naiho. ¥46,576 for double-tracking in front of the Takeda station.
Post office: at Naiho. A pushcar line runs from Saisei to Naiho in Naiho-sho.
Police stations: at Naiho, Shinhokusei and Shintosei. The distance is 2.7 miles, the fare 21 sen, plus two per
Schools: Primary schools for Formosan-Chinese at cent at night and in rainy weather.
Naiho, Rohi, Shinhokusei and Shintosei. The Naiho Agri A bus line operates on the highway from Saisei, Takeda
cultural Public School is also at Naiho. to Naiho, the fare being 20 sen. No bus service is reported
Doctors, 1931 : Four Formosan-Chinese doctors at from Takeda to Choshu, a distance of two and a half
Naiho, one at Rohi, and one at Shinhokusei. miles.
tamsui River are under the immediate supervision of the Schools: In addition to five primary schools for For
Shimo-tamsui Conservancy Office in Heito. mosan-Chinese there are the Heito Primary and Higher
Heito-gun is one of the three best rice-producing re Primary School, the Heito Girls' Higher School, the Heito
gions in Taiwan. Agricultural School, the Heito Middle School, the Heito
75
Practical Commercial School, and the Heito Agricultural Taiwan Renga K.K. (Taiwan Brick Co. Ltd.) One of
Public School. 12 branches in the island. Headquarters: Taihoku.
Transportation: Heito is on the main government line, Taiwan Sangyo Shigen K.K. (Taiwan Industrial Re
15.3 miles from Takao, 44.2 miles from Tainan, 82.4 miles sources Co. Ltd.). Headquarters: Taihoku-shi. Founded:
from Kagi, 143.6 miles from Taichu, 249.7 miles from November, 1934. Capital: Y1,000,000.
Taihoku and 267.5 miles from Keelung. There are two
Taiwan Seito K.K. (Taiwan Sugar Co. Ltd.). Con
stations in Heito, the main station, and the Rokkaiseki
structed 1910. Largest sugar mill in Taiwan, with daily
station, which is one-and-a-half miles to the west. The
cane-crushing capacity of 3,000 tons. Daily alcohol ca
first-class fare to Takao was $1, the second-class Y0.69,
pacity 5,712 gallons (1934). New dry-alcohol plant
the third-class Y0.39. Keishu is 13.9 miles to the south,
erected, annual capacity 2,383,000 gallons. Electric power
the respective fares being ¥0.91, ¥0.63, and ¥0.35.
plant; coal and bagasse burned for fuel. Railways extend
A pushcar line of the Taiwan Sugar Co. runs north 130.47 miles.
from Heito to Riko, a distance of 9.7 miles, the third-class
fare being 39 sem. Another line runs from Heito to Naiho Yamato (Owa) Shoku K.K. (Yamato Trading Co.
on the east. Ltd.). Real estate. Founded: May, 1938. Capital:
Y100,000. -
-
º
- - - -
33. View of the countryside looking east from Takao toward Hozan from the Asano Cement Company property.
Much of this land is now taken up by military barracks and storehouses.
78
34. Paiwan village near Heito.
79
V. HOZAN GUN
1. SPECIAL FEATURES OF HOZAN-GUN. The Livestock Breeding Farm and the Takao Province
Agricultural Society Poultry Farm are near Hozan, the
Hozan-gun had a population in 1935 of 106,086, of latter being about half a mile to the southeast. The
whom 2,125 were Japanese; and a population in 1940 of
poultry-farm experiments with breeds of fowl and sells
109,786, of whom 2,391 were Japanese.
or leases breeders to private individuals.
About the year 1936 agricultural production was Business firms: A branch of the Taiwan Shoko Ginko
valued at ¥7,000,000; livestock production at ¥1,800,000; K.K. (Taiwan Commercial and Industrial Bank Ltd.).
fishing and fish-culture at ¥400,000; sugar, pineapple
Five pineapple canneries probably have been absorbed
canning, bricks, lime and other manufacturing at ¥8,
400,000; and honey, a special product of the gun, at by the Taiwan Godi Hori K.K. (Taiwan Amalgamated
Pineapple Co., Ltd.). They are the Taiwan Paimapuru
¥3,000. The rice is said to be of a particularly good quality.
Kanzume K.K., the Hamabu Painapuru Kanzume K.K.,
Hozan, being between Takao City and Heito City, is an the Daishin Painapuru Kanzume K.K., and the Eishun
important transportation center and has shared in the
military developments of the two larger cities.
Painapuru Kanzume K.K.
The Kohekirin mill of the Taiwan Sugar Co., is about
2. The gai and sho. five miles south of Hozan in Kominato-sho.
a. Hozam-gai. The Hozam Shokuhin Kogyo K.K. (Hozan Food Prod
Population, 1935: 19,837, of whom 831 were Japanese. ucts Industries, Ltd.) is in Shinshoshi. It was founded in
Administrative seat: Hozan. 1939 with a capital of ¥160,000.
Post office: At Hozan. The Okusho Seimeisho (Okusho Rice Processing Co.)
Police station: At Goko. at Hozan, deals in grain and fertilizer. It was founded in
Schools: Primary schools for Formosan-Chinese are 1935 with a capital of ¥100,000.
at Goko and at Hozan, where there also is a primary and The Koki Jidosha K.K. (Koki Automobile Co., Ltd.) at
higher primary school and the Hozan Horticulture Spe Shinshoshi is an automobile transportation and sales firm
cial School.
that was founded in 1938 with a capital of ¥300,000.
Doctors, 1939: Eight Formosan-Chinese and two Japa
The Samgisei Bussam K.K. (Sangisei Products Co.) is
nese doctors in the gai.
a rice and grain company in Hozan that was founded in
Transportation: There is an airfield northeast of the
1936 with a capital of Y100,000.
town of Hozan. -
Hozan is on the government railroad, 5.8 miles from The Taikam Shoji K.K. (Taikan Trading Co., Ltd.)
the Takao station and 23.4 miles from the Keishu station. was established at Hozan in 1930 with a capital of
Y100,000.
Five and a half miles to the east is the 5,007 foot bridge
over the Shimotamsui River. The Taisei Bussan K.K. (Taisei Products Co., Ltd.) at
The sugar-company railroad line runs from Hozan Hozan deals in agriculture, forest products and livestock.
It was established in 1940 with a capital of ¥100,000.
southeast to Rinshihen, near the coast; the distance is
17.6 miles, the third-class fare 46 sen, the first-class fare, The Taikan Shoji K.K. (Taikan Trading Co., Ltd.) is
92 sem. reported to be a theatrical firm and dealer in negotiable
A pushcar line, operated by a Mr. Kaneshige of Tai securities. It was founded in 1930 with a capital of
¥100,000.
hoku, runs from Hozan west to Reigaryo in Takao City.
The Iwashiro-kan hotel had rates of ¥2 to ¥3 about 1936.
The fare for the single-passenger pushcar is 32 sen, and
A municipal market is said to be at Hozan.
the time required is 20 minutes.
The main north-south highway runs through Hozan, Special features: Hozan is the chief pineapple-produc
ing area in Taiwan. The large size and fine flavor of the
and the Koki Auto Co., Ltd., operates a bus service on
pineapples grown here make them the best in the island.
this road. The distance to Nanshi is 7.8 miles, the fare
The first pineapple cannery in Taiwan was constructed
35 sem, the time required, 40 minutes. To Rinshihen the
at Hozan in 1902.
distance is 11.5 miles, the fare is 40 sem and the time
Hozan castle, constructed in 1804, is a little to the east
required, one hour. The road from Hozan to Choshu, via
Bantan, has a ford across the Shimotamsui. of the railroad station. It was used for the gun offices
around 1920 and seems to be so used at present. It is
Rickshaws are available at a rate of 30 sem per ri (2.44 described as a solid, magnificent building of 36 rooms,
miles). Sedan chairs for two are 50 sen per ri, and for including an auditorium.
three, 70 sem. The fare is increased three per cent at Tengokyu or Sojitei shrine, dedicated to the goddesses
night, in stormy weather, or when the roads are difficult. Kannon and Matsu, is a branch of the Tainan Matsu
Government agencies: The Hozan naval radio station, shrine. Many people visit the shrine on Kannon Festival
one of the most powerful in the orient, is about three miles day, the 19th of February, and on Matsu Festival day,
to the east of Hozan in Tairyo-sho. the 23rd of March.
At Hozan are the gun and gai offices, a branch of the The Soko Shrine is to the east of the railroad station
Takao court and a small library. at Hozan. It was erected in honor of the late governor
An anti-aircraft unit was stationed at Hozan prior to Soko, the builder of the Soko canal.
the war. The Ch'eng-huang Shrine is to the southeast of the
80
station. It is reported that 20,000 worshipers attend the d. Rimen-sho. -
annual festivals at this shrine on the 12th of May and Population, 1935: 16,863, of whom 60 were Japanese.
the 2nd of August. Administrative seat: Sembi.
The memorial temple to Ts'ao Chin, the Taoist temple Post office: At Hozan in Hozan-gai.
to T'ien-hou, and the old Formosan-Chinese Hong-gi Police stations: One station at Rinshihen and one at
school for Chinese studies are in the gai. Sembi.
The Soko irrigation canal, built in the second quarter Schools: Primary schools for Formosan-Chinese are at .
of the 19th century, is a noted feature of Hozan-gai. Rinshihen and Sembi. The Rinen Special Agricultural
b. Jimbu-sho.
s School is also in the sho.
Population, 1935: 10,607, of whom 43 were Japanese. Doctors, 1939: Three Formosan-Chinese doctors at
Rinshihen.
Administrative seat : Jimbu.
Post office: said to be at Nishin, but this place has not Transportation: The Taiwan Sugar Co. has a railroad
been located. line which begins at Rinshihen and runs to Hozan. Two
Schools: Primary schools for Formosan-Chinese are at roads from Hozan join at Sembi.
Jimbu and Taisha.
e. Taiju-sho.
Doctors, 1939: One Formosan-Chinese doctor at Jimbu.
Sho production: Around 1936 the value of production Population, 1935: 16,759, of whom 258 were Japanese.
Administrative seat: Taiju.
was: rice, $825,000; sugar cane, Y108,000; sweet potatoes,
Post office: At Kyukyokudo.
¥90,000; peanuts, Y50,000; vegetables and fruits, Y150,
Police station: At Kyukyokudo.
000; livestock, Y250,000; forest products, Y8,000; marine
Schools: Primary schools for Formosan-Chinese are at
products (probably fish culture), ¥3,000; and bricks,
Keiho, Taiju and at Kyukyokudo, where there also is a
¥5,000.
primary and higher primary school.
Transportation : Jimbu is on secondary roads not far
Doctors, 19.39: One Formosan-Chinese doctor at Kyu
from a main north-south highway.
kyokudo.
Business firms: A power plant of the Taiwan Electric
Sho production: Around 1936 the agricultural produc
Co. is said to be at Chikushimon in Jimbu-sho, but this
tion was valued at Y900,000. This figure does not include
appears clearly to be an error, as the plant referred to is
the value of the products of the sugar mills and pineapple
located near Riko in Heito-gun. canneries.
c. Kominato-sho.
Transportation : Kyukyokudo is on the government
Population, 1935: 17,210, of whom 547 were Japanese. railroad line, 10.8 miles from the Takao station and 18.4
A rea: About 6 square miles. miles from the Keishu station. The Shimo-tamsui bridge,
Administrative seat: Kominato.
5,007 feet long, is half-a-mile east of Kyukyokudo.
Post office: At Kominato.
The Kibu pushcar line of the Taiwan Sugar Co. runs
Schools: Primary schools for Formosan-Chinese are from Kyukyokudo north through Kizan to Chikutokaku.
at Komoko, Taiheicho, Tairimpo and at Kominato, where The distance to Kizan is 17.9 miles, the fare, 72 sen, the
there also is a primary and higher primary school. time required, 1 hour, 50 minutes. To Chikutokaku the
Doctors, 1939: Two Formosan-Chinese doctors were at distance is 24.7 miles, the third-class fare is 99 sem, the
Tairimpo, and one at Shisokyaku; a Japanese doctor was time required, three hours.
at Kominato.
The main highway to Kizan goes through Kyukyokudo.
Sho production : Around 1936 the value of agricultural Government agencies: The Taiju Pineapple Nursery
products exceeded Y1,000,000; of sugar manufacture, of the Government-General Industrial Development Bu
¥5,500,000; of fishing, about ¥300,000. reau is located at Shoheicho.
Transportation : The Taiwan Sugar Co., railroad runs Business firms: The Hamaguchi Painapuru Kanzume
from Kominato to Hozan. Kominato is on the Takao Koba (Hamaguchi Pineapple Cannery); the Takuda
lagoon and small boats run to Takao City. The village Painapuru Kanzume (Takuda Pineapple Cannery); and
has two main highway exits, northwest to Takao and the Shinman Painapuru Kanzume Koba (Shinnan Pine
east to Reigaryo airport. apple Cannery) are in the sho.
Business firms: The Taiwan Sugar Co. mill at Kohe Takunansha, a farm of approximately 1,000 ko (2,397
kirin has a daily cane-crushing capacity of 1000 short acres), is about 5 miles north of Kyukyokudo, near the
tons, and is believed to produce industrial alcohol. In Reiko station of the Kibi pushcar line. It is engaged in
1935 the mill employed 386 workers. reclaiming waste land and in manufacturing starch from
Special features: Scattered about the sho are model arrow-root. This may be the same as the Torei Farm
farms of the Taiwan Sugar Co. The sugar fields have Co., at Keiho, which was founded in 1929 with a capital
been improved by the so-called host-soil methods; that is, of ¥300,000; or there may be two separate large farms.
mixing sand with the clayey soil. A brick kiln is located in Taiju-sho.
Most of the fishing is done by fishermen from Komoko, Special features: The headwaters of the Takao City
on the opposite side of the lagoon., water system are at Shoheicho.
The area was designated by the government as a special The Soko Canal extends about 25 miles from the Takao
plant area due to the unique species of plants that grow City region into Hozam-gun and irrigates about 24,000
there. acres of land. It was constructed first in 1838 under
81
Governor Soko of Hozan as a private venture, and in of the Shimo-tamsui River, which used to cause great
1912 was recognized as a public canal. flood damage. From about 1931 to 1936 the Tairyo flood
control irrigation canal was completed at a cost of
f. Tairyo-sho.
Y250,000.
Population, 19.35: 18,007, of whom 337 were Japanese.
Administrative seat: Tairyo. Tairyo-sho is reported to be a watermelon center.
Post office: At Hozan in Hozam-gai. g. Torimatsu-sho.
Police station : At Sanchicho. Population, 1935: 6,803, of whom 49 were Japanese.
Administrative seat : Torimatsu.
Schools: Primary schools for Formosan-Chinese at
Sekkan, Tairyo and Chusho. Post office: At Hozan in Hozan-gai.
Police station : At Torimatsu.
Doctors, 19.39: Two Formosan-Chinese doctors at Kyu
bukyaku. Schools: Primary schools for Formosan-Chinese at
Transportation : Tairyo is on the Hozan railroad of the Densoho and Torimatsu.
Taiwan Sugar Co. -
Transportation: Torimatsu is on a highway running
Business firms: The Shinko Sugar Co., had a mill at north from Hozan to Okayama.
Sanchicho which was reported merged with the Taiwan Business firms: The Naigai Food Products Co. oper
Sugar Co., in 1941. It is believed to produce industrial ates a farm on which foreign varieties of pineapples are
alcohol and had a daily cane-crushing capacity of 952 grown. The farm was visited by Prince Takamatsu in
tons. 1935.
The Nambu Renga K.K. (Nanbu Brick Co., Ltd.) was A pineapple farm of the Taiwan Pineapple Co., is at
founded in 1936 at Senshiyo with a capital of ¥300,000. Jukyuwan.
A pineapple-canning factory is reported in the sho. Special features: Irrigation in the sho is by means of
Special features: The area is irrigated by tributaries an irrigation pond at Torimatsu.
(2) The Taiwan Sugar Co. has a mill at Kibi, about Special features: The sho is located in the Central
two miles southeast of Kizan, with a daily cane-crushing (Taiwan) Mountain Range and has a scattered popula
capacity of 1,344 tons. It has its own power plant and tion said to consist mostly of aborigines. Only about 500
is believed to produce alcohol. ko of cultivable land are in the sho, found along the many
(3) The Kizan Seihyo K.K. (Kizan Ice Mfg. Co., Ltd.) streams.
is a Formosan-Chinese Company. d. Mino-sho.
(4) The Kimam Jidosha K.K. (Kinan Automobile Co., Population, 1935: 24,878, of whom 113 were Japanese.
Ltd.) was founded in 1926 at Kizan with a capital of Administrative seat: Mino.
¥100,000. The president was CHIN Junwa. Post office: at Mino.
(5) The Sango Koshi Nanryu Noba. K.K. (Sango Schools: Primary schools for Formosan-Chinese are
Koshi Nanryu Farms, Ltd.) operates a farm of about located at Chikutokaku, Kichiyo, Mino and Ryuto.
7,500 acres at Shukinryo. The company was established Doctors, 1939: Five Formosan-Chinese doctors at Mino
in 1925 with a capital of ¥1,400,000. and one at Chuun. -
(6) The Takuman Rimsam Kogyo K.K. (Takunan Transportation: Branch pushcar lines of the Taiwan
Forest Industries, Ltd.) deals in lumber and artex fiber Sugar Co., are in the sho. There is a good highway from
board at Kizan. It was founded in 1939 with a capital of Mino to Kizan.
#150,000. Associations: The Mino Shinyo Kobai Hambai Riyo
Special features: Kumiai (Mino Credit Consumers Retailers Utilization
(1) The area has been designated by the government Co-operative) has a capital of ¥44,427.
as one requiring special malaria-control measures. The plains about Mino are within the district served by
(2) A government park, Kosan Park, is near Kizan, the Shishito Water Utilization Co-operative.
on the banks of the Nanshisen River. In the park is a Business firms:
monument to 33 Japanese killed in the conquest of (1) The Taiwan Electric Co. has a power plant at
Taiwan. Chikushimon, in the southeast corner of the sho. This
(3) Choho Temple, on the western slope of Daikazan appears to be the 3,100-kilowatt plant which is stated as
Shokozan, five miles northeast of Kizan, is a temple re being at Dorowan, Rokki-sho on page 91 of OPNAV 50E
nowned throughout southern Taiwan. 13, Restricted, Civil Affairs Handbook, Taiwan (For
(4) Daikazan is a mud-volcano in the gai. mosa)—Economic Supplement. A recent map does not
c. Kosen-sho. show a power plant at Dorowan but does show a plant at
Population, 1935: 2,825, of whom 81 were Japanese. Chikushimon. Two other sources state there is a power
A rea: 47.8 square miles. The sho is 16 miles north to plant in Mino-sho.
south, and 5 miles east to west. (2) The Kosan Noji K.K. (Kosan Agricultural Co.,
Administrative seat: Kosen. Ltd.) was founded in 1938 with a capital of ¥130,000 and
Post office: at Kosen. deals in agricultural products, cement and land.
Police stations: at Kosen. Special feature: The farmers of Mino-sho are said to
Schools: A primary school for Formosan-Chinese at be the most prosperous in Kizam-gun. Ninety per cent of
the rice fields are wet fields.
Kosen, also a primary school.
e. Naimon-sho.
Sho eacpenditures: It is reported that the sho cannot
support its own government and receives subsidies for Population, 1935: 11,041, of whom 36 were Japanese.
this purpose. -
Area: 38 square miles.
Administrative seat: Naiho.
Transportation: A highway from Kizan runs north
Post office: at Kizan in Kizam-gai.
east to Kosen, but because of the lack of bridges over Police station: at Naiho.
the Nanshisen River, transportation often is interrupted Schools: A primary school for Formosan-Chinese at
during the rainy season. The provincial government, Kohyo.
about the year 1936, was undertaking the construction of
Transportation : The Heito-Tainan bus-line operates
new roads. There is bus service between Kizan and Kosen, on the Heito-Tainan highway which traverses the sho.
a distance of about 15 miles.
A local bus runs to Kizan.
Government agencies: A branch office of the monopoly Associations: In the sho is the Naimon Shinyo Hambai
bureau at Kosen. Kobai Kumiai (Naimon Credit Retailers Consumers
The Kosen oil field, which is exploited by the Japan Co-operative) with a capital of ¥15,218.
Oil Co., Ltd., under subsidy from the Japanese navy, is Special features: The area is hilly with most of the
about a mile and a quarter northeast of Kosen. Produc cultivated area in dryland farming. Cotton is grown in
tion is not thought to be large. the sho, according to reports.
83
f. Sanrin-sho. people must use rafts to cross the rivers.
Population, 1935: 7,064 of whom 39 were Japanese. Special features:
Administrative seat: Sanrin. (1) The sho is mountainous, the only lowlands being
Post offices: at Kizan in Kizam-gai and Kosen in Kosen little areas around the upper branch of the Shimotamsui.
sho. About 1,900 ko of cultivable land is in the sho, 1,400 of it
Schools: A primary school for Formosan-Chinese at being rice fields, half of the rice fields being one-crop
Sanrin, and one at Getsubi. dryland fields.
Doctors, 1939: Two Formosan-Chinese doctors at Get (2) Teak-wood forests are found at Shinsho and Get
subi. subi, with an area of over 700 ko and with 600,000 trees.
Transportation: Sanrin is on the road from Kizan to The forests are owned by the Fujikura Co., of Tokyo,
Kosen, which was being completed about 1936. At the Japan (Fujikawa Co.?). Afforestation was begun about
southern part of the sho, where the highway enters 1916, and the project is considered one of the most suc
Kizam-gai, over the Nanshisen River there is a reinforced cessful of its kind.
concrete suspension bridge, which was constructed in Cooperative association: The Samrin Shinyo Kobai
1935 at a cost of ¥150,000. It is 230 meters long (784 feet) Hambai Riyo Kumiai (Sanrin Credit Consumers Re
and 5 meters wide (16 feet). The roads in the sho are tailers Utilization Co-operative) was founded in 1923,
poor, there are few bridges, and during the rainy season and has a capital of ¥13,250.
84
VII. KOSHUN GUN
Government agencies: The gun and sho offices, a Population, 1935: 7,630 of whom 86 were Japanese.
branch court of the Takao court, and a “registry office,” Administrative seat : Shajo.
which may be a branch of the deposit bureau, are at Post office: at Shajo.
Koshun. Police stations: There are four, one each at Horiki,
Daibanretsu has a customs station. º Kaiko, Shajo, and Shijukei.
85
Schools: A primary school for Formosan-Chinese at filling in of the harbor area. A concrete lighthouse with
Shajo. a light 50 feet high is at the end of the breakwater.
Doctors, 1939: A Japanese doctor at Shajo.
Government agencies: A customs station at Kaiko. (2) At Shijukei are the Shijukei saline hot springs
designated by the government in 1927 as a public bathing
Transportation: Shajo is on the highway running
from Takao to Garambi. place. They are 2% miles on the road to Sekimon. The
lodging house has public baths built by the province.
Special features: Rates for room and bath (about 1936) were #2 to ¥3. The
Fukamizu hot springs, named for Captain Fukamizu
(1) Since 1922 Kaiko bay has been dredged, and on who discovered them during the 1874 expedition, are in
its west side a key-shaped breakwater 334.5 meters the sho.
(1,097.5 feet) long has been built. In the ship mooring
there is an area of 24,000 square yards of water 2.4 (3) The Saigo expedition of 1874 landed at Shajo,
meters (7.9 feet) deep. Since the wind and waves tend sent by the Japanese to avenge the murder by the abori
to fill up the harbor, it is dredged from time to time. In gines of 54 Ryukyu islanders who were shipwrecked near
1926 construction was begun on a breakwater extending the shores. A memorial stele to the Ryukyu islanders was
318.2 meters (1,044.0 feet) to the northwest to prevent erected in 1926 at Toho.
87
VIII. OKAYAMA GUN
1. Distinctive features: The gun has an area of 480 Schools: a primary school for Formosan-Chinese at
square kilometers (185 square miles) and an agricultural Ishinai.
production, about 1936, of ¥5,800,000. It has the largest Sho budget, 1934: Y33,505.
population of all of the seven gun in Takao Province. Sho production: Around 1936 the income from agri
The population was 148,401 in 1935, but declined to 141, culture was Y300,000 and from fishing ¥630,000.
764 in 1940. During the same period Takao City jumped
from 94,017 to 152,365, and it is possible that some of Transportation:
that increase came from Okayama-gun. (1) Konai-sho is on two highways, one running along
An important airfield and an airplane assembly plant the coast and the other running east to join the govern
are located west of the town of Okayama. ment Tainan-Takao highway. Government and private
At Kyoshito in Namshi-sho are two sugar mills and bus lines operate in the sho.
an alcohol factory of the Taiwan Sugar Co.
(2) The Taiya pushcar line of the Taiwan Sugar Co.
There are many salt beds along the coast, with the is reported as running north-south through the center of
industry centering in Mida-sho. the sho, but it is not shown on the maps that are avail
The double-tracked government railway line from able.
Tainan City to Takao City runs through the gun, as does Associations: At Chokatei is the Chokatei Shinyo
the Government-General highway which parallels the Kobai Kumiai (Chokatei Credit Consumers Co-operative)
railroad.
with a paid-in capital of ¥19,650. The Taiko Shinyo Kobai
Riyo Kumiai (Taiko Credit Consumers Utilization Asso
2. The gai and sho. ciation) with a capital of ¥19,650 is at Konai.
a. A rem-sho. Special features: Marshes cover almost half the area
of the sho and make drainage very difficult. Consequently,
Population, 1935: 8,826 of whom 18 were Japanese.
the fields are often flooded during the rainy season. Dur
Administrative seat: Aren.
ing the dry season there is difficulty in obtaining drinking
Post office: at Okayama in Okayama-gai. water.
Schools: A primary school for Formosan-Chinese at
Aren. About half the population is engaged in fishing from
the fishers' villages along the coast, although there is
Doctors, 1939: Two Formosan-Chinese doctors at Aren,
very poor shelter on the beach for fishing vessels. Over
one at Sekiantan and one at Kuunin.
20 motor fishing boats and 700 fishing rafts were reported
Transportation: A highway running north from Oka for 1936.
yama and a highway running west from Kizan traverse
the sho. Just across the Nisoko River (Nisoko-kei), in d. Mida-sho.
Tainan Province, there is a private sugar-company push
car line. - Population, 1935: 26,720 of whom 95 were Japanese.
Administrative seat: Mida.
* Special features: There are many springs and lime
stone caves in a number of 1,000 foot hills in the sho. Post office: at Okayama in Okayama-gai.
Schools: Primary schools for Formosan-Chinese at
At the foot of the peaks are many temples and tombs, Mida, Shikan, Shinsekishi, and Koshiryo.
including a famous Confucian temple, Koshi Chohoji on Doctors, 1939: Two Formosan-Chinese doctors at Mida
the side of Mount Shoko, to which thosuands of Formo and one at Shikan.
san-Chinese make pilgrimages.
Sho production: Around 1936 the income from agricul
b. Enso-sho. tural products was $1,300,000; from fishing and fish
Population, 1935: 7,559 of whom 33 were Japanese. culture, Y500,000; from livestock, Y310,000; from salt,
Administrative seat: Ensochu. bricks, rice-polishing, soy sauce, mats, bamboo ware, and
Post office: at Nanshi in Namshi-sho. -
dehydrating sweet potatoes, Y500,000.
Transportation: Enso is on an unimproved road run Transportation: There is a highway along the coast
ning east from Okayama. which traverses the sho. A pushcar line runs from Oka
Schools: One primary school for Formosan-Chinese. yama to Mida and another from Rochiku 3.2 miles to
Special feature: Daikonsui-zan, the largest mud vol Ujurin and then 1.4 miles further west to the salt beds.
cano in Japanese territory, is to the east in Konsuihyo. The fare to the salt beds was 37 sen, and the trip took
Eruptions occur intermittently from the numerous cones about an hour and ten minutes.
on the slope. Government agencies: A branch office of the monopoly
bureau at Mida.
c. Konai-sho.
Business firms: The Ujurin Seien K.K. (Ujurin Salt
Population, 1935: 28,505 of whom 54 were Japanese. Co., Ltd.) was founded in 1923 at Mida with a capitali
Administrative seat: Ishinai. zation of ¥300,000. The president was CHIN Keitei, who
Post office: at Okayama in Okayama-gai. lived in Takao City.
88
Special features: The salt fields cover an area of 136 by daisha. Many worshipers attend the annual festivals
ko, and about 1936 produced 130,000 pounds of salt. held in February and March. A little to the south of
The best hunting region in southern Taiwan is in Chohoji is the Choko Cloister which shares in the festivi
Mida-sho, where the many ponds and marshes attract ties. The “miraculous spring” of Ryumoku is nearby.
wild ducks. Pheasants are found a little to the east near
the 830-foot Mount Shoko. g. Rochiku-sho.
Population, 1935: 14,341, of whom 69 were Japanese.
e. Namshi-sho. Administrative seat: Rochiku.
Population, 1935: 18,606, of whom 616 were Japanese. Post office: at Okayama in Okayama-gai
Administrative seat: Nanshi. Schools: A primary school for Formosan-Chinese at
Police stations: One at Nanshi and another at Kyo Rochiku.
shito. Doctors, 1939: Two Formosan-Chinese doctors at
Post offices: One at Nanshi and another at Kyoshito. Rochiku and two at Taisha.
Schools: A primary school for Formosan-Chinese at Transportation: Rochiku and Eigo (known as the
Shiryu and at Nanshi, where there also is a primary Taiko station) are on the government railroad line 18
school. and 19.8 miles respectively from the Takao station. The
Business firms: Less than a mile south of Kyoshito are Takao-Tainan highway goes through the sho, as does
two mills of the Taiwan Sugar Co. and an alcohol the highway from Aren on the east to Ishinai on the west.
plant. The cane-crushing capacity was 1,128 tons a day; Buses from the Taiko station run to Ikko, 2 miles; Shinon,
the annual production of alcohol, 1,600,000 gallons. The 4 miles; Ranshicho, 6 miles; Aren, 6.5 miles; and Kosanto,
company has its own power plant. 8.5 miles. The Ujurin Salt Co., Ltd. pushcar line runs
At Nanshi is the Sueko Shoko K.K. (Sueko Trading from Rochiku to the salt beds west of Mida. Rickshaws
Co., Ltd.) which was founded in 1936 with a capitaliza are available at Rochiku, the fare to the Taiko station
tion of ¥100,000, and deals in rice, grains, and fertilizer. being 60 sem for two persons.
The Nanko Godo Unso K.K. (Nanko Consolidated Associations: The Rochiku Consumers and Retailers
Transport Co., Ltd.) also at Nanshi, was founded in Utilization Association at Rochiku.
1939 with a capitalization of ¥100,000. Special features: There are 4,000 ko of cultivated land
Special features: Aside from mountain spurs like in the sho, one-third being in dryland rice. In 1933 the
Kannon-zam on the east and Hampei-zan on the south provincial government began encouraging deep-furrow
west, this region is a plain which can be easily irrigated. plowing for dryland farming.
The tomb of the Prince of Ning-ching of the Ming
f. Okayama-gai. dynasty is to the west, possibly in Taiko in Konai-sho.
Population, 1935: 15,285, of whom 429 were Japanese. The prince came to Taiwan in 1664 to fight with Koxinga
Administrative seat: Okayama.
for the restoration of the Ming power and committed
Post office: at Okayama.
suicide when the undertaking proved a failure.
Schools: Primary schools for Formosan-Chinese at One report states that many literary men were born
Okayama, Gokobi, and another unknown location in the
in the Rochiku-sho region.
gai. A primary and higher primary school and the Oka
yama Agricultural School at Okayama. h. Saei-sho.
Doctors, 1939: Five Formosan-Chinese doctors at Population, 1935: 17,945, of whom 69 were Japanese.
Okayama and two at Koko. Administrative seat: Saei.
Transportation: Okayama is on the government rail Post office: At Takao City and Nanshi in Nanshi-sho.
road between Tainan and Takao, 13.4 miles from the Schools: A primary school for Formosan-Chinese at
Takao station. It is on the Takao-Tainan highway run Saei and one at Uchu. -
ning south from Aren. An unimproved road runs from Doctors, 1939: One Formosan-Chinese doctor at Saei,
Okayama east to Ensochu. Pushcar (daisha) lines run two at Uchu and three at Hishito.
from Okayama to Mida, 3.3 miles; from Okayama to Sho production: Around 1936 agricultural production
Sekkan, 3.2 miles; from Okayama east to Enso via was valued at ¥1,300,000; and marine production, includ
Kokeirin; and from Okayama northeast to Aren. ing fish culture, at ¥105,000.
Government agencies: The gun and gai offices and a Associations: Eleven farmers' associations, one credit
branch of the Takao court are at Okayama. association and one fishermen's association are reported
Business firms: A branch of the Taiwan Shoko Ginko as being in the sho.
(The Taiwan Commercial and Industrial Bank) is at Business firms: In the sho are the Koa Renga K.K.
Okayama, as is also a branch of the Koa Renga K.K. (Koa (Koa Brick Co., Ltd.) which was founded in 1940 with
Brick Co., Ltd.). a capital of ¥150,000; and the Kyujo Godo Unyu K.K.
Special features: A large airfield and an airplane (Kyujo Consolidated Transportation Co., Ltd.), which
repair and assembly plant lie to the west between Oka was founded in 1939 with a capital of ¥100,000.
yama and Mida. A branch of the main railroad line has Special features: A castle, built in 1721, and the Tenko
been constructed to the field. shrine built in 1683 on the summit of Hampei-zan (also
The 1,000-foot peak, Taiko-zam, on whose slope is the known as the Kohogan shrine) are in the sho. At the
temple Chohoji built in 1763 and dedicated to the goddess southern base of Hampei-zam is Lake Rentan with an
Kannon, is about five miles northeast and may be reached area of about 150 acres.
89
IX. TOKO GUN
91
Governor Soko of Hozan as a private venture, and in of the Shimo-tamsui River, which used to cause great
1912 was recognized as a public canal. flood damage. From about 1931 to 1936 the Tairyo flood
f. Tairyo-sho.
control irrigation canal was completed at a cost of
¥250,000.
Population, 19.35: 18,007, of whom 337 were Japanese.
Administrative seat: Tairyo. Tairyo-sho is reported to be a watermelon center.
Post office: At Hozan in Hozam-gai. g. Torimatsu-sho.
Police station: At Sanchicho. Population, 1935: 6,803, of whom 49 were Japanese.
Administrative seat: Torimatsu.
Schools: Primary schools for Formosan-Chinese at
Sekkan, Tairyo and Chusho. Post office: At Hozan in Hozan-gai.
Police station: At Torimatsu.
Doctors, 1939: Two Formosan-Chinese doctors at Kyu
bukyaku. Schools: Primary schools for Formosan-Chinese at
Densoho and Torimatsu.
Transportation : Tairyo is on the Hozan railroad of the
Taiwan Sugar Co. -
Transportation: Torimatsu is on a highway running
Business firms: The Shinko Sugar Co., had a mill at north from Hozan to Okayama.
Sanchicho which was reported merged with the Taiwan Business firms: The Naigai Food Products Co. oper
Sugar Co., in 1941. It is believed to produce industrial ates a farm on which foreign varieties of pineapples are
alcohol and had a daily cane-crushing capacity of 952 grown. The farm was visited by Prince Takamatsu in
tons. 1935.
The Nambu Renga K.K. (Nanbu Brick Co., Ltd.) was A pineapple farm of the Taiwan Pineapple Co., is at
founded in 1936 at Senshiyo with a capital of ¥300,000. Jukyuwan.
A pineapple-canning factory is reported in the sho. Special features: Irrigation in the sho is by means of
Special features: The area is irrigated by tributaries an irrigation pond at Torimatsu.
(6) The Takuman Rinsan Kogyo K.K. (Takuman Transportation: Branch pushcar lines of the Taiwan
Forest Industries, Ltd.) deals in lumber and artex fiber Sugar Co., are in the sho. There is a good highway from
board at Kizan. It was founded in 1939 with a capital of Mino to Kizan.
¥150,000. Associations: The Mino Shinyo Kobai Hambai Riyo
Special features: Kumiai (Mino Credit Consumers Retailers Utilization
(1) The area has been designated by the government Co-operative) has a capital of ¥44,427.
as one requiring special malaria-control measures. The plains about Mino are within the district served by
(2) A government park, Kosan Park, is near Kizan, the Shishito Water Utilization Co-operative.
on the banks of the Nanshisen River. In the park is a Business firms:
monument to 33 Japanese killed in the conquest of (1) The Taiwan Electric Co. has a power plant at
Taiwan. Chikushimon, in the southeast corner of the sho. This
(3) Choho Temple, on the western slope of Daikazan appears to be the 3,100-kilowatt plant which is stated as
Shokozan, five miles northeast of Kizan, is a temple re being at Dorowan, Rokki-sho on page 91 of OPNAV 50E
nowned throughout southern Taiwan. 13, Restricted, Civil Affairs Handbook, Taiwan (For
(4) Daikazan is a mud-volcano in the gai. mosa)—Economic Supplement. A recent map does not
c. Kosen-sho. show a power plant at Dorowan but does show a plant at
Population, 1935: 2,825, of whom 81 were Japanese. Chikushimon. Two other sources state there is a power
Area: 47.8 square miles. The sho is 16 miles north to plant in Mino-sho.
south, and 5 miles east to west. (2) The Kosan Noji K.K. (Kosan Agricultural Co.,
Administrative seat: Kosen. Ltd.) was founded in 1938 with a capital of ¥130,000 and
Post office: at Kosen. deals in agricultural products, cement and land.
Police stations: at Kosen. Special feature: The farmers of Mino-sho are said to
Schools: A primary school for Formosan-Chinese at be the most prosperous in Kizam-gun. Ninety per cent of
the rice fields are wet fields.
Kosen, also a primary school.
e. Naimon-sho.
Sho earpenditures: It is reported that the sho cannot
support its own government and receives subsidies for Population, 1935: 11,041, of whom 36 were Japanese.
this purpose. -
Area: 38 square miles.
Administrative seat: Naiho.
Transportation: A highway from Kizan runs north Post office: at Kizan in Kizam-gai.
east to Kosen, but because of the lack of bridges over Police station: at Naiho.
the Nanshisen River, transportation often is interrupted Schools: A primary school for Formosan-Chinese at
during the rainy season. The provincial government, Kohyo.
about the year 1936, was undertaking the construction of
Transportation: The Heito-Tainan bus-line operates
new roads. There is bus service between Kizan and Kosen, on the Heito-Tainan highway which traverses the sho.
a distance of about 15 miles.
A local bus runs to Kizan.
Government agencies: A branch office of the monopoly Associations: In the sho is the Naimon Shinyo Hambai
bureau at Kosen.
Kobai Kumiai (Naimon Credit Retailers Consumers
The Kosen oil field, which is exploited by the Japan Co-operative) with a capital of ¥15,218.
Oil Co., Ltd., under subsidy from the Japanese navy, is Special features: The area is hilly with most of the
about a mile and a quarter northeast of Kosen. Produc cultivated area in dryland farming. Cotton is grown in
tion is not thought to be large. the sho, according to reports.
83
---
-
92
Appendix I
POPULATION
Population data for 1940 were available for the prov in the sho. The population given for these six villages
inces, the cities and the gun. The 1935 data, which in totals 14,913, but the maps show six additional villages
cluded the smaller units as well, were taken from H. in the sho. In Boryo-sho, Sawada lists 8 villages, but 4
Sawada, Nihon Chimei Daijiten, 1939, but present a additional ones are shown on the map. It is possible that
peculiar problem. Presumably the population of all places the additional villages are small ones whose population
in Taiwan was included, but a study of Japanese maps was included with an adjacent one.
showed a number of places which were not given by In the following tables the names which are not fol
Sawada. For example, Sawada shows 14,913 total popu lowed by population figures are those of places not given
lation in Choshu-gun, Bamran-sho, and lists six villages by Sawada but which appear on the map.
Takao Prov... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 857,214 407,646 395,669 25,028 21,648 217 215.2 4,409 2,382
Takao City.. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 152,365? 65,462 56,085 15,161 13,175 194 2312 1,465 592
Heito City. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,756 24,037 22,924 3,675 3,072 6 37 619 386
Choshu-gun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108,485 52,635 53,576 797 683 8 15 469 302
Heito-gun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,789 33,881 34,081 836 739 0 1 151 100
Hozan-gun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109,786 53,632 53,020 1,265 1,126 6 16 469 252
Kizam-gun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87,613 42,679 42,854 823 754 1 11 322 169
Koshun-gun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,145 14,901 15,078 395 336 0 0 228 207
Okayama-gun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141,764 70,038 68,908 1,269 1,092 2 1 302 152
Toko-gun. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101,611 50,381 49,143 807 671 0 3 384 ° 222
93
Table 43: Population of Takao City, by subdivisions, 1935
- - - - -
-- -- -------- - --- - -
Foreign:
Formosan- (Chiefly
Total Chinese Japanese Korean Chinese)
Foreign:
Formosan- (Chiefly
Total Chinese Japanese Korean Chinese)
| The city is divided into cho (for which separate population figures are not available) as follows:
94
Table 45: Population of Choshu-Gun, by subdivisions, 1935
Foreign:
Formosan (Chief
Total Chinese Japanese Korean &;
Choshu-gun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103,4804 101,250 1,327 14 888
-
1,940
2,367
-
-
12
13
-
-
-
-
0
0 :º
Rotorin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . - - - -
Seitoku. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . - - - -
Airyo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - -
aſyO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - -
Kikanseki. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - -
Kyukaisekishi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - -
Naisuiko. . . . . . . . . . . . . *. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - -
Rinko. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . - — - -
Taikyakusenrin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - -
Kafushu . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . - - - -
Shimodaishin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - -
95
Table 45. (Cont'd)
Foreign:
Formosan- (Chiefly
Total Chinese Japanese Korean Chinese)
Kaifuryo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -
Kansan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -
Shimbanrun. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -
Gokaiseki. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -
Toron. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -
Tosento. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -
* Administrative center.
*The populations of villages for which separate figures are not available have been included both in the sho and gai figures and in the village and town
figures given.
* Aborigines, located in 63 villages with post offices at Choshu, Boryo, Bozan.
* Given total includes 1 more than calculated total. º
- - Foreign:
Formosan- (Chiefly
Total Chinese Japanese Korean Chinese)
Rotanto. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -
Shimochikka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - -
Shintanto. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -
Tanteishini. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -
Kororo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -
Kyudairokan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -
Seikeen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -
Shiju. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -
Shindairokan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -
96
Table 46. (Cont'd)
-
- Foreign:
Total
Formosan-
Chinese Japanese Korean
§:
hinese)
Kyusho... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -
Yoshikyaku. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -
-
-
-
-
-
-
- t -
Shinnansei. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -
| Administrative center.
*The populations of villages for which separate figures are not available have been included both in the sho and gai figures and in the village and town
figures given.
"Aborigines, located in about 43 villages, with post offices at Riko, Rokki, Heito, Naiho. One source gives 43 villages, another 22.
97
Table 47. (Cont'd)
Formosan
foreign.
(Chiefly
Total Chinese Japanese K rt Chinese)
~•
10,607 10,556 43
307 307 0.
55 55 0.
268 268 0
177 172 5
202 202 0
Gyushokko. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532 532 0
Hachikeiryo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290 290 0
Hoshako. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 542 542 0
Jimbu'. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,245 1,232 12
263 256 7
564 564 0
598 598 0
3,152 3,146 4
206 206 0
211 211 0
857 848 9
454 454 0
441 436 0
243 237 6
171 171 0
221 205
72
16
0
t
72
Daijingu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . … 690 679 11
Dairimpo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,853 2,800 12 4
Ensuiko. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hobito . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Komoko ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
108
1,700
1,373
5,516
638
108
1,700
870
5,493
636
0
488
0
15
0
1 i
123 v 123 0
383 - 379 0
438 433 5
Soga . ...................... 524 520 0
Taiheicho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,807 1,802 0
Tairimpo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tenshiko. 593 592 0 1:
16,863 16,716 60
2,990 - 2,981 0
1,557 1,557. 0
Koshiho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,178 3,170 3
Kureikyaku. . . .
Okobyo. . . . 2,915 2,915
Rinshihen
Sembil
Tanto
1,662
2,530
2,031
16,759
2,508
1,547
2,527
2,019
16,344
2,476
258
0
52
0
5
16
i.
Kobaryo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,378 2,364 0
Kyukyokudo 2,314 2,081 . 185
Machikuen
Musuiryo 2,266 2,253 0
3,311 3,277 - 29
Choshuryo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -
Chusho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -
Hifukunai. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -
Keihoryo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -
Kosho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -
Kyushokyaku. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -
Administrative center.
º: populations of villages for which separate figures are not available have been included both in sho and gai figures and in the village and town
gures given.
Shinsankakushi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . - - - - - -
"Arikan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -
Kosen". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -
Shorin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -
99
Table 48. (Cont'd)
Foreign:
Formosan- (Chiefly
Total Chinese Japanese Korean Chinese)
Chikushimon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -
Wako. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -
Tasha. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -
1 Administrative center.
* The populations of villages for which separate figures are not available have been included both in the sho and gai figures and in the village and town
figures given. -
* Aborigines, located in about 22 villages, with post office at Kosen. One source gives 22 villages, another 30.
* Some sources show Demryo-sho in Kizam-gun, others in Okayama-gun.
Baanzan”. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -
Banrido. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -
Hakusha. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -
Hinroko. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -
Hokumongai. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -
Jinkokaku. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -
Juson. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -
Katoko. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -
Kishikaku. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - -
100
Table 49. (Cont'd)
Foreign:
Formosan- (Chiefly
Total Chinese Japanese Korean Chinese)
Koshun-sho (Cont'd)
Kontei. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -
Shabikutsu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . - - – - -
Shimosuikutsu. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . - - - - -
Shimosuisen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . - - - - -
Tainyumyu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -
Toko. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -
Shiko. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -
Hakikaku. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -
607 587 6 0 14
488 483 5 0 0
282 282 0 0 0
1,194 1,109 18 0 67
1,417 1,383 1 0 33
Shimokorin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -
Kowanshi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . - - - - -
Naiho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -
Foreign:
Formosan- (Chiefly
Total Chinese Japanese Korean Chinese)
101
Table 50. (Cont'd)
Foreign:
Formosan- (Chiefly
Total Chinese Japanese Korean Chinese)
Kanshirin. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . - - - - -
102
Table 50. (Cont'd)
Foreign:
Formosan- (Chiefly
Total Chinese Japanese Korean Chinese)
Administrative center. - -
2 #. populations of villages for which separate figures are not available have been included both in the sho and gai figures and in the village and town
gures given.
Bansha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -
Churinshi’. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - -- -
103
Table 51. (Cont'd)
Foreign:
Formosan- (Chiefly
Total Chinese Japanese Korean Chinese)
Shahen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -
Tendai. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -
Hakushabi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -
Chikuishi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -
Kobushi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - -
Kohekiseki. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - -
Kosei. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -
Naishoshi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -
Administrative center.
* The populations of villages for which separate figures are not available have been included both in the sho and gai figures and in the village and town
figures given.
104
Appendix II
Note: See preface for discussion of place names used in Taiwan. The following table lists towns and villages alpha
betically according to the preferred Hepburn Japanese Romanization together with alternative Japanese readings,
Formosan-Chinese equivalents, and location. Preferred readings are given first, alternative readings following. This
list does not include aborigine villages.
3. Airyo Ai-liau
# #. Naiho-sho, Choshu-gun
5. Aren A-lian
Fajik. A ren-sho, Okayama-gun
6. Arikan A-li-koan
faj g fift Kosem-sho, Kizam-gun
10
Formosan-Chinese Location
Japanese
Arr 3 }
Chikushikyaku Tek-a-khah Hozan-gai, Hozan-gun
ºr 3 };
Chikushikyaku Tek-a-khah Enso-sho, Okayama-gum
ºr 3 ſh;
Chikushikyaku Tek-a-khah Saei-sho, Okayama-gun
* 3: Aft
106
Japanese Formosan-Chinese Character Location
. Chikushikyaku Tek-a-khah
ºf 3-Hip Rim pen-sho, Toko-gun
=}:
. Daijo Tai-siong Okayama-gum
. Enchuko Oan-tiong-kang
### Saei-sho, Okayama-gun
. Gaibiron Ke-boe-lung
#44. Okayama-gai, Okayama-gun
Hia-iau-sin
. Gayoshin
#,A## Boryo-sho, Choshu-gun
Gokham
17. Gokitan
3% ºft# Jimbu-sho, Hozan-gun
. Goririn Go-li-na
+ £3% Namshi-sho, Okayama-gun
25.
&##.
Gyuchoho Gu-tiau-po Denryo-sho, Kizam-gun
2}}}}#
26. Gyuchoho Gu-tioh-po Hozan-gai, Hozan-gun
2+ #H#
27. Gyuho Gu-po Mino-sho, Kizam-gun
2} }}
28. Gyuho Gu-po Rimpen-sho, Toko-gun
*H 3%
Gu-chish-khen
29. Gyushokko;
Gyushokuko 2-#3% Jimbu-sho, Hozan-gun.
. Hachikeiryo Pat-kua-liau
y\ ## Jimbu-sho, Hozan-gun
2 Pat-lau-iah
Hachiroya
y^*ś Choshu-gun, Choshu-gai
. Haishiroto Pai-a-lo-thau
#3, #3% Koshun-sho, Koshun-gun
Peh-chhiu-a
. Hakujushi
& #3. Namshi-sho, Okayama-gun
. Hakikaku Pa-ku-kak
og # #. Manshu-sho, Koshun-gun
12. Hakusuisai
14. Hanbunshi
15. Hanshiho
Peh-chui-kin
Poan-hun-a
: ! 3
: Sanrin-sho, Kizan-gum
Empo-sho, Heito-gun
(See Hambunshi)
(See Banshiho)
51. Hoseki
#}} (See Boseki)
. Hoso Pang-song
# #. Rimpen-sho, Toko-gun
. Ishinai Ui-a-lai
ū)3 ſh Konai-sho, Okayama-gun
. Kachikka • *...*---- - - - -
*** * -
(See Shimochikka)
114
Character Location
Japanese Formosan-Chinese
115
Japanese Formosan-Chinese Character Location
sº Karokudo Ka-liok-tong
2%a ### Bozan-sho, Choshu-gun
Mino-sho, Kizam-gun
51. Kichiyo Kiat-ion
##
Ki-au Takao City
52. Kigo-cho
#3% ºf
. Kikanseki Ki-kan-chhu Choshu-gai, Choshu-gun
Ž###
Kim-koa-liau Mino-sho, Kizam-gun
54. Kinkaryo
Aºſkº
55. Kirai Kui-lai Heito City -
11 i
Japanese Formosan-Chinese Character Location
118
Japanese Formosan-Chinese Character Location
116.
117.
Kounun; Kaunun
Kowanshi; Gowanshi
Kau-un-khun
Au-oan-a
*]
|º Den ryo-sho, Kosh un-gun
119
º
|% A ren-sho, Okayama-gun
Japanese Formosan-Chinese Character Location
. Enchuko Oan-tiong-kang
### Saei-sho, Okayama-gun
. Gaibiron Ke-boe-lung
#4,#. Okayama-gai, Okayama-gun
. Gayoshin Hia-iau-sin
#,A## Boryo-sho, Choshu-gun
10. Gishiko-cho
ſº fºſ Takao City
Japanese Formosan-Chinese Character Location
Goºd than
17. Gokitan
3% ºft# Jimbu-sho, Hozan-gun
120
Japanese Formosan-Chinese Character Location
17. Minato-cho
Takao City
18. Mino
Mino-sho, Kizan-gun
19. Minori-cho
Heito City
#wſ
. Mirikito Mi-lat-to
sº hº Riko-sho, Heito-gun
121
Japanese Formosan-Chinese Location
. Mita
jià F. (See Mida)
. Mokushaku Bok-sa
3 #90, Naimon-sho, Kizam-gun
. Muraku
jā, ś (See Buraku)
. Naiho Lai-po
Wh Hà Naiho-sho, Choshu-gun
. Naii-cho
vº) H3 ºr Takao City
119
Japanese Formosan-Chinese Character Location
21. Mita
jš Fº (See Mida)
24. Muraku
jā, ść (See Buraku)
26. Bo-chui-liau
Musuiryo
*zkº Taiju-sho, Hozan-gun
##
Nan-au
14. Ringo; Rinko
33.4% Choshu-gai, Choshu-gun
15. Rinko
#3% (See Ringo)
Rinshihen w
17. Nan-a-pi"
# 43% Rinen-sho, Hozan-gun
58. Shijubun
\p + º (See Shijufun)
127
Japanese Formosan-Chinese Location
Saei-sho, Okayama-gun
Empo-sho, Heito-gun
86. Shini Sin-ui
3% (£)
Rokki-sho, Heito own
87. Shini Sin-ui
#ſº.
88. Shinkai Sin-khui Boryo-sho, Choshu-gun
3% ºil
89. Shinkai Sin-khui Rokki-sho, Heito-gun
##
90. Shinko Shin-kah Hozam-gai, Hozam-gun
# F
Takagi-sho, Heito-gun
91. Shinnansei Sin-lam-se
#4 ##.
92. Shinoku Sin-ti Bamram-sho, Choshu-gun
##
93. Shinpi (See Shimpi)
# F#,
94. Shinryo Sin-liau Rokki-sho, Heito-gun
##
95. Shinsankakushi Sinsan-kak-a Kizam-gai, Kizan-gun
# = #3.
96. Shinseki Sin-chhu Bamram-sho, Choshu-gun
# F#
97. Shinsekishi Sin-chhu-a Sanrin-sho, Kizam-gun
# F#3.
98. Shinsekishi Sin-chhu-a Mida-sho, Okayama-gun
129
Formosan-Chinese Location
Japanese
Bozan-sho, Choshu-gun
109. Shishito Sai-a-thau
# 3 ºff
Kominato-sho, Hozam-gun
110. Shisokyaku Chhi-chhang-khah ##
111. Shito Sai-thau
** Shimpi-sho, Choshu-gun
Kato-sho, Toko-gun
114. Shoryu Chhiong-liong # F#
115. Shosen-cho Takao City
wä #% wſ
116. Showa-cho
y!g £a tºſ Heito City
Kizam-gai, Kizam-gun
117. Shukinryo Chhui-kif-liau
£ p≤
118. Shuran (See Soran)
##|
119. Shushi Chiu-a
3H 3 Taiju who, Hozan-gun
120. Shushi Chiu-a Shinen-sho, Toko-gun
94H 3
121. Soga Chhau-ian Kominato-sho, Hozan-gun
###
122. Soran; Shuran Chong-lan Heito City
##|
123. Sugibayashi
3% #. (See Sanrin)
130
Japanese Formosan-Chinese Character Location
14. Taikoho-cho
93%-3; ºf Takao City
40. Tenshigo
jš 3–4% (See Tenshiko)
133
*# 35i
Japanese Formosun-Chinese Character Location
. Usairin O-chai-na"
§, ###. Jimbu-sho, Hozan-gun
. Wakamatsu-cho
# 33-wr Heito City
. Wako Ho-heng
£a #. Mino-sho, Kizam-gun
. Yamato-cho Toa-ho
Heito City
% £a aſ
. Yamagi-cho Heito City
3%p ºf
. Yoshikyaku Soa"-a-khah Choshu-gai, Choshu-gun
# 3.8%
. Yoshikyaku Suai-a-ka Rokki-sho, Heito-gun
#3 #
. Yoshikyaku Taiju-sho, Hozam-gun
3#3 Åh
. Zembo Chia-hong Okayama-gai, Okayama-gun
. Zembobi-cho; Chian-hong-boe
†† Takao City
Zen bobi-cho
-ājā-ā, ºr
. Zemboshi Chian-hong-a Okayama-gai, Okayama-gun
-āj-ž-3
. Zemposeki; Zenposeki; Chian-po-chhu Jimbu-sho, Hozam-gun
Zenhoseki
-āīājā
. Zen bobi-cho (See Zembobi-cho)
+j}} aſ
. Zemchin-cho Chian-tin Takao City
###wſ
. Zenhoseki (See Zemposeki)
-ij}#}#
134
Japanese Formosan-Chinese Character Location
11. Zuiho-cho
####wſ Heito City
135
Appendix III Japanese Weights and Measures
Weights
Momme – 0.13228 oz. = 3.75000 grams
Kim = 160 momme - — 1.32277 lbs. = 0.60000 kilograms
Kam = 1000 momme – 8.26733 lbs. = 3.75000 kilograms
Koku (fish) = 40 kam -
Metric system:
Kilogram = 2.20459 lbs. – 0.26667 kam
Gram = 15.43210 grains = 0.26667 momme
Metric ton = 1000 kilograms = 2,204.6 lbs.
Long (gross) ton = 1,016.064 kilograms = 2,240 lbs.
Measures of length
Ri = 36 cho = 2,160 ken = 2.44030 miles = 3.92727 kilometers
Ken = 6 shaku – 5.965.16 feet = 1.81818 meters
Shaku = 10 sum = 0.994.19 feet = 0.30303 meters
Shakw (cloth measure) = 1.25 shaku
Tan (a roll of cloth) = about 35 shaku
Metric System:
Kilometer = 0.62137 miles = 3,280.8 feet = 9.16667 cho
Measures of surface
Metric system:
Hectare = 10,000 sq. meters = 2.471 acres = 1.00833 cho
Are = 100 sq. meters = 119.6 sq. yards – 30.25000 bu
Sq. kilometers = 0.386 sq. miles = 24.7.10 acres = 0.06484 sq. ri
Measures of capacity
Koku = 10 to — 100 sho = 1000 go = 5.11902 bushels = 47.95389 gallons = 1.80391 hectoliters
Koku (capacity of vessels) = 10th of a ton
Koku (timber) = about 12 cubic feet
Shakujime (timber) = about 10 cubic feet
Taba (faggots, etc.) = about 3 x 6 x 6 feet
Metric system:
Hectoliter = 2.7511 bushels = 26.418 gallons
Source: The Japan Yearbook, 1939-40.
136