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B KHHre c06paHbI 3a.n;aqH HeMHoro nOBbIIIIeHHOH CJIO)KHOCTH no apH<pMe-
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rJIaBa 1. HaT)'paJIbHbIe qHCJIa . . . . . . . . . .. 6

eCRTHqHaH CHCTeMa (6). CpaBHeHHe qHCeJI (6). CKOJIbKO qHCeJI? (7). o6aBHM
MJIH OTHHMeM (7). Pa3Hble 3a.n;aqH (8).

rJIaBa 2. eHcTBIDI C HaT)'paJIbHbIMH qHCJIaMH . . . . . . . . . .. 9

ApHcpMeTHqeCKHe .n;eHcTBHR (9). 3a.n;aqH Ha qaCTH (9). PaCCTaBbTe 3HaKH apHcp-
MeTHqeCKHX .n;eHcTBHH (10). PaCCTaBbTe cKo6KH (10). CyMMa rrOCJIe.n;OBaTeJIb-
HbIX qHCeJI (11). l.JHCJIOBble pe6ycbI (11). nO.n;6HpaeM HHble QHCPPbI (12). Pac-
CTaBbTe qHCJIa (13). MarHqeCKHe KBa.n;paTbI (13).

rJIaBa 3. JIHHHH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
npRMble H JIOMaHble (15). rpaHHQa (15). JIHHa (17). nepeKJIa.n;bIBaeM CrrHq-

KH (17). PHcyeM <pHrypbI O.n;HHM pOCqepKOM (18). pyrHe 06XO.n;bI 6e3 rroBTope-
HHH (20). nepeqepKHBaeM TOqKH (21).

rJIaBa 4. TeKCTOBbIe 3a.n;aqH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 23

BH)KeHHe (23). B03pacT (24). COBMecTHble .n;eHcTBHR (24). nOKyrrKH (25).
HorH H rOJIOBbI (25). eJIe)K (26). l.JTO 60JIbIIIe? (26).

rJIaBa 5. MHoroyrOJIbHHKH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 27
113MepeHHe yrJIOB (27). KBa.n;paT (27). KBa.n;paTbI H3 Crrl1qeK (27). nOCTpoeHHR
Ha KJIeTqaTOH 6YMare (28). Pa3pe3aHI1R (29). 06I.IJ;aH qaCTb rpaHI1QbI (30).
CTpOHM rrpHMepbI (30).

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l.JeTHocTb H HeqeTHOCTb (32). npH3HaKH .n;eJIHMOCTH (33). eJII1MOCTb HaQe-
JIO (33). eJIeHHe C OCTaTKOM (34). npOCTble qHCJIa (34). Pa3JIO)KeHl1e Ha rrpo-
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Toi/i 6YMare (51). 06'beM (52).

rJlaBa 11. JIorUqeCKUe 3a,l\aqU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 53

[IcpenyraHHbIe Ha.n;nl1CI1 (53). KTO-TO CKa3aJI rrpaB.n;y, KTO-TO o6MaHYJI (53).
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CKOJIbKO HHO BbIHyrb? (57). KOM611HaTOpl1Ka (57). nepeJII1BaHI1.H 11 OTMepl1-
BaHI1.H (58). B3BeIIII1BaHI1.H (59). neperrpaBbI (59). nOCJIe.n;oBaTeJIbHOCTb .n;eH-
CTBI1H (60). Ee3 rroBTOpeHI1H (61). PaBeHcTBa 113 Crrl1QeK (61).

OTBeTbI . . 63

PemeHUR 77
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K Ka:>K,lJ;OM 3a.n;aQe npl1Be.n;eH OTBeT MJII1 peIIIeHl1e (MJII1 11 TO 11 .n;PY-
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Toporo nOKa3bIBaeT, CKOJIbKO B ero .n;eC.HTI1QHOM 3aIII1CI1 HYJIeM, BTOPaH-

CKOJIbKO e.n;I1HI1Q, TpeTb.H
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ro 3 6paTa 11 3 CeCTpbI. CTapllIl1M pe6eHoK MaJIbQI1K -

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no TPH IlIOKOJIa.n;KH?
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KOB. Y Bcex cnpaBa OT TaTbI -

14 cpJIa:>KKOB, cnpaBa OT .HIlIH -

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OT BepbI -

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8. CKOJIbKO cpJIa:>KKOB Y aIlIH?

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I.J;HCPP 0, 2, 5, 7, eCJIH I.J;HcppbI B 3anHCH qHCJIa He nOBTOp.HIOTC.H?

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BHTb H3 I.J;HCPP 1, 2, 5, 7, eCJIH I.J;HcppbI B 3anHCH qHCJIa He nOBTOp.HIOTCH?

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,lJ;O,lJ;eMcTBeHHblx Ta6JIeToK. Hocopor nOJIyqMJI Ha O,lJ;HY 60JIbllIe, qeM KpO-
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Ha O,lJ;HY 60JIb-
llIe, qeM 6ereMoT. CKOJIbKO Ta6JIeTOK npH,ZJ;eTCH C'beCTb CJIOHY?
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IlIH Ha .n;Ba llIapHKa MeHbllIe, qeM Y aIlIH, a Y CalliH Ha O,lJ;HH llIapHK
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cecTpbI B,lJ;BOe MeHbllIe cecTep, qeM 6paTbeB. CKOJIbKO B 3TOM ceMbe 6pa-
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BOM, H B npaBoM KapMaHe Y Hero CTaJIO Ha 3 KOHcpeTbI 60JIbllIe, qeM

B JIeBOM. CKOJIbKO KOHcpeT 6bmo B Ka:>K,lJ;OM KapMaHe nepBOHaqaJIbHo?

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1.24. B CCMbe 5 6paTbeB. Y Ka)K,lJ;OrO 6paTa o.n;Ha cecTpa. CKOJIbKO

B("('I'() /(,TCH B 3TOM: ceMbe?
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/Ba, CYMMa KOTOpbIX qeTHa.

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KOB. «CH.n;eM Ha OCJIOB no O.n;HOMY»,

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H CKOJIbKO MaJIbql1KOB 6 bill 0 Ha nOJIHHe?

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eHCTBHH C HaTYpaJIbHbIMH qHCJIaMH

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HOBHTe npHMep.
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MY qHCJIY HaH60JIblilee .n;BY3HaqHOe qHCJIO, qT06bI nOJIyqHTb HaH60JIb-

llIee TpeX3HaqHOe qHCJIO?
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2.5. nOMorHTe He3HaMKe BOCCTaHOBHTb npHMep Ha .n;eJIeHHe .n;BYX qH-

CeJI, eC7IH H3BeCTHO, qTO qaCTHOe B IUITb pa3 MeHblile .n;eJIHMOrO H B ceMb

pa3 60JIblile .n;eJIHTemI.

2.6. npe.n;cTaBbTe qHCJIO 100000 B BH)J;e npoH3Be.n;eHHH .n;BYX HaTY-
paJIbHbIX qHCeJI, .n;eCHTHqHbIe 3anHCH KOTOpbIX He co.n;ep:>KaT HYJIeM.
2.7. 113 qHCeJI 21, 19, 30, 25, 3, 12, 9, 15, 6 H 27 BbI6epHTe TPH
qHCJIa, c)'MMa KOTOpbIX paBHa 50.

3a/1.aQH Ha QaCTH

2.8. nOJIOBHHa OT nOJIOBHHbI qHCJIa paBHa nOJIOBHHe. KaKoe 3TO

qHCJIO?
2.9. KOT B Canorax HaJIOBMJI YK: OH nOMMaJI qeTbIpex YK H ee
nOJIOBHHY YJIOBa. CKOJIbKO YK nOMMaJI KOT B Canorax?
2.10. KHpnHq BeCHT 2 Kr H ee TpeTb c06cTBeHHoro Beca. CKOJIbKO
BeCHT KHpnHq?
2.11. KaKaJI qaCTb CyrOK npoIIDIa, eCJIH OHa COCTaBJIHeT nOJIOBHHY
OCTaBlileMCH qaCTH?
2.12. npoexaB TpeTb nyrH, naCCa:>KHp noe3.n;a 3acHYJI. Kor.n;a OH npo-
CHYJICH, eMY OCTaJIOCb npoexaTb nOJIOBHHY paccToHHHH, KOTopoe OCTa-

BaJIOCb, Kor.n;a OH 3acHYJI. KaKyK> qaCTb nyrH noe3.n; npoexaJI, nOKa nac-

Ca:>KHp cnaJI?
2.13. KyrreQ CJIyqaMHo nepeMelilaJI KOHcpeTbI nepBoro copTa (no
3 Py6. 3a CPYHT) H KOHcpeTbI BToporo copTa (no 2 Py6. 3a CPYHT). no KaKoM
10 2. ,lI.ei1:cTBHH C HaTypaJIbHbIMH qHCJIaMH

QeHe HMO rrpqn;aBaTb 3TY CMeCb, qT06bI BbIpyqMTh TY :>Ke cyMM)', eCJIM

M3BeCTHO, q'fO rrepBOHaqaJIbHO 06rn;aJI CTOMMOCTb KOH<peT

Bcex rrepBOrO
COpTa 6bVIa paBHa 06rn;eM CTOMMOCTII Bcex KOH<peT BTOpOrO copTa?
2.14. B Tpex Kopo6Kax 80 KapaH,ZJ;allIeM. B rrepBoM Kopo6Ke B 4 pa3a
MeHbllIe KapaH,ZJ;allIeM, qeM BO BTOpOM, M B 5 pa3 MeHbllIe, qeM B Tpe-
TbeM. CKOJIbKO KapaH,ZJ;allIeM B Ka:>K,ZJ;oM Kopo6Ke?
2.15. B .ZJ;BYX 60qKaX 80 JI BO.ZJ;bI. ECJIM M3 rrepBoM 60qKM rrepeJIMTb BO

BTOpyro 10 JI, TO B rrepBOM 6Y.ZJ;eT B 3 pa3a MeHbllIe BO.ZJ;bI, qeM BO BTOpOM.

CKOJIbKO BO.ZJ;bI B Ka:>K,ZJ;oM 60qKe?
2.16. BOJIK, E:>K, YM:>K M Eo6ep .ZJ;eJIMJIM arreJIbCMH. E:>KY .ZJ;OCTaJIOCb
B.ZJ;Boe 60JIbllIe .ZJ;OJIeK, qeM YM:>KY, YM:>KY Brr.HTepO
-

MeHbllIe, qeM Eo6py,

a Eo6py -

Ha 8 .ZJ;OJIeK 60JIbllIe, qeM YM:>KY. CKOJIbKO .ZJ;OJIeK 6bVIO B arreJIb-

CMHe, eCJIM BOJIKY .ZJ;OCTaJIaCb TOJIbKO KO:>Kypa?

2.17. MaJIbIllI M KapJICOH C'beJIM 60qKY BapeHb.H M KOP3MHY rreqe-

Hb.H, HaqaB M 3aKOHqMB o.ZJ;HoBpeMeHHo. CHaqaJIa MaJIbIllI eJI rreqeHbe,

a KapJICOH -

BapeHbe, rrOTOM (B KaKoM-To MOMeHT) OHM rrOMeIDIJIMCb.

KapJICOH M BapeHbe, M rreqeHbe eJI B TpM pa3a 6bICTpee MaJIbIllIa. KaKyro

qaCTb BapeHb.H C'beJI KapJICOH, eCJIM rreqeHb.H OHM C'beJIM rropoBHY?
2.18. B Kopo6Ke CMHMe, KpacHbIe M 3eJIeHbIe KapaH,ZJ;allIM
-

Bcero

20 llITyK. CMHMX B 6 pa3 60JIbllIe, qeM 3eJIeHbIX, KpacHbIx MeHbllIe, qeM

CHHMX. CKOJIbKO B Kopo6Ke KpaCHbIX KapaH,ZJ;allIeM?

PaCCTaBbTe 3HaKH apH4>MeTHQeCKHX eHcTBHH
HanoMHUM, llmo eCJlU B BbLpaJ1CeHUU CKo6oK Hem, mo CHallQJla BbL-

nOJlI-LRJOm CJleBa HanpaBO Bce oeucmBWlYMHOJ1CeHWl U OeJleHWl, a nomOM

CJleBa HanpaBO Bce oeucmBWl CJlOJ1CeHWl U BbLllumaHWl.

2.19. PaCCTaBbTe 3HaKM + Me:>K,ZJ;Y QM<ppaMM qMCJIa 1234567, qTo6bI

B c)'MMe rrOJIyqMJIOCb 100. HaM.ZJ;MTe .ZJ;Ba pellIeHIDI.
2.20. PaccTaBbTe 3HaKM + Me:>K,ZJ;y QM<ppaMM qMCJIa 987654321, qTO-

6bI B c)'MMe rrOJIyqMJIOCb 99. HaM.n;MTe .ZJ;Ba pellIeHIDI.

2.21. PaccTaBbTe B paBeHcTBe 2222 ==
55555 3HaKM apM<pMeTMqe-
CKMX .ZJ;eMcTBMM (6e3 MCrrOJIb30BaHIDI cKo6oK) TaK, qTo6bI OHO CTaJIO

BepHbIM.
2.22. KaKMe qMCJIa MO:>KHO rrOJIyqMTb, BCTaBMB Me:>K,ZJ;Y QM<ppaMM qMC-

JIa 77 777 O.ZJ;MH MJIM HeCKOJIbKO 3HaKOB +?

PaCCTaBbTe cKo6KH

HanoMHUM, llmo eCJlU BbLpaJ1CeHUe cooepJ1Cum cKo6KU, mo CHallQJla

BbLnOJlI-LRJOm oeucmBWl B cKo6Kax.

 2. ,lI.ei1:cTBHH C HaTypaJIbHbIMH qHCJIaMH 11

2.23. B BbIpIDKeHMM 1*2*3*4*5 3aMeHMTe 3B€3.n;OqKM 3HaKaMM apM<p-

MCTMqeCKMX .n;eMcTBMM M paccTaBbTe cKo6KM TaK, qTo6bI rrOJIyqeHHoe
Bblpa:>KeHMe paBIDIJIOCb 100.
2.24. PaccTaBbTe cKo6KH B BbIpa:>KeHMM 7 .
9 + 12 : 3 -

2, qTo6bI 3Ha-

'ICHHe rrOJIyqeHHoro BbIpa:>KeHIDI 6bIJIO paBHo: a) 23; 6) 75.

2.25. a) nOJIyqMTe qMCJIO 37, paccTaBMB 3HaKM apM<pMeTMqeCKMX
/eMcTBMM Me)l(,lJ;Y QM<ppaMM qMCJIa 33333.
6) nOJIyqMTe TO:>Ke caMoe qMCJIO, rro-.n;pyroM)' paCCTaBMB 3HaKM apM<p-
MeTMqeCKMX .n;eMCTBMM M rrOCTaBMB CKo6KM.

C}'MMa nOCJIeOBaTeJIbHbIX quceJI

2.26. HaM.n;MTe C)'MMY 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + 100.

2.27. HaM.n;MTe C)'MMY 3 + 4 + 5. . . + 49.
2.28. ecHTb pbI6aKoB rrOMMaJIM 19 pbI6 MaccoM 100 r, 200 r, ...,

1900 r. KaK MX rro.n;eJIMTb Me)l(,lJ;Y pbI6aKaMM, qTo6bI Ka)l(,lJ;oMy.n;ocTaJIaCb

O,l];MHaKOBaJI Macca?
2.29. C)'MMa llIeCTM pa3JIMqHbIX HaTypaJIbHbIX qMCeJI paBHa 22. HaM-
/MTe 3TM qMCJIa.

2.30. CKOJIbKO cecTByeT .n;BY3HaqHbIX qMCeJI, Y KOTOpbIX QM<ppa

leCHTKOB 60JIbllIe QM<PPbI e.n;MHMQ?
2.31. HaMTe 3HaqeHMe BbIpa:>KeHIDI
26 .
25 -

25 .
24 + 24 .
23 -

23 .
22 + 22 .

21 -

21 .
20 + 20 .

19 -

-19.18+ 18.17 -17 .16+ 16.15 -15 .14.

qUCJIOBbIe pe6ycbI
2.32. PacllIM<ppyMTe pe6yc
K 11 C
+
K C 11

11 C K

2.33. PacllIM<ppyMTe pe6yc

y .L( A P
+
Y .L( A P

.L( P A K A

2.34. PacllIM<ppyMTe pe6yc

+
0 .L( 11 H
0 .L( 11 H

M H 0 r 0
12 2. eHcTBHH C HaTypaJIbHbIMH qHCJIaMH

2.35. PacllIM<ppyMTe pe6yc

+BArOH
BArOH

COCTAB

nOA6HpaeM u)')Kuble H4>Pbl

2.36. QeTbIpeX3HaqHOe qMCJIO HaqMHaeTC.H C QM<PPbI 6. 3TY QM<PPY
rrepeCTaBMJIM B KOHeQ qMCJIa. nOJIyqeHHoe qMCJIO OKa3aJIOCb Ha 1152
MeHbllIe MCXO,lJ;HOro. HaM,n;MTe MCXO,lJ;HOe qMCJIO.

2.37. 113 qeTbIpex QM<PP, OTJIMqHbIX OT HYJI.H, COCTaBJIeHbI ,lJ;Ba qeTbI-

peX3HaqHbIX qMCJIa: caMoe 60JIbllIOe H caMoe MaJIeHbKOe M3 B03MO)K-

HbIX. C)'MMa rrOJIyqMBIlIHXCH qMCeJI OKa3aJIaCb paBHa 11 990. KaKMe qMC-

JIa 6billM COCTaBJIeHbI?

2.38. nOCTaBbTe QM<PPbI BMeCTO 3Be3,lJ;OqeK:
* *
x
5
,'.

4
* *
+
3
* * *
2
* * * *
1

2.39. nOCTaBbTe QM<PPbI BMeCTO 3Be3,lJ;OqeK:

* *
2 3
x
* *

8 7
+
* * * * *

2*004*

2.40. nOCTaBbTe QM<PPbI BMeCTO 3Be3,lJ;OqeK (pMC. 1). Y6e,lJ;MTeCb, qTO

Bce QM<PPbI BOCCTaHaBJIMBaIOTC.H e,lJ;MHCTBeHHbIM o6pa30M.

* * * * * * * * *

* * *

* *
1 * * 8 * *

* *

* * *

* * *

PHC. 1
 2. ,l(ei1:cTBHH C HaTypaJIbHbIMH qHCJIaMH 13

PaCCTaBbTe qHCJIa

2.41. PaccTaBbTe qMCJIa OT 1 /1.0 9 B KP)')KKM (pMc.2) TaK, qT06bI c)'M-

IV1; I
Tpex qMCe.n B/1.0JIb JII060M JIMHMM 6bIJIa paBHa 15.

PHc.2

2.42. B llIeCTM Kp)')KKax (pMC. 3), paccTaBbTe qMCJIa OT 1 /1.0 6 TaK,

'IT06bI C)'MMa Tpex qMCeJI Ha Ka)K/1.0M M3 JIMHMM 6bIJIa paBHa 10.

PHc.3 PHC. 4

2.43. PaCCTaBbTe qMCJIa OT 1 /1.0 9 B BepllIMHax TpeyrOJIbHMKa (no

O.n;HOMY qMCJIY) M Ha cTopoHax TpeyrOJIbHMKa (no /1.Ba qMCJIa) TaK, qT06bI
CYMMa qMCe.n B/1.0JIb Ka:>K/l.OM CTOpOHbI 6bIJIa paBHa: a) 17; 6) 20.

MarHQeCKHe KBapaTbI

B MaZUlleCKOM KBaopame pa3MepoM 3 x 3 qMCJIa OT 1 /1.0 9 paCCTaBJIe-

IlbI TaK, qTO C)'MMa qMCeJI B JII06bIX Tpex KJIeTKaX Ha O/1.HOM BepTMKaJIM
paBHa O/1.HOMY M TOMY )Ke qMCJIY M C)'MMa qMCeJI B JII06bIX Tpex KJIeTKaX

Iia O/1.HOM ropM30HTaJIM paBHa TOMY )Ke qMCJIY.

2.44. KaKoMY qMCJIY paBHa 3Ta c)'MMa?
14 2. ,l(eMcTBIDI C HaTypaJIbHbIMH qHCJIaMH

2.45. COCTaBbTe MarMqeCKHM KBa.n;paT, rrOCTaBMB B yrJIOBOM KJIeTKe 5.

2.46. COCTaBbTe MarMqeCKMM KBa.n;paT TaK, qTo6bI BbIrrOJIIDIJIOCb .n;o-
rrOJIHMTeJIbHOe YCJIOBMe: c)'MMa Tpex qMCe.n Ha JII060M .n;MarOHaJIM paB-
Ha 15.
2.47. MO)l(HO JIM COCTaBMTb MarMqeCKMM KBa.n;paT C .n;OrrOJIHMTeJIb-
HbIM YCJIOBMeM M3 3a.n;aqM 2.46, Y KOToporo B QeHTpe CTOMT He 5, a .n;PY-
raR QM<ppa?
2.48. PaCCTaBbTe qMCJIa 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 B KBa.n;paTe 3 x 3 TaK,
qTo6bI c)'MMa qMCeJI B Ka)l(,lJ;OM cTpoKe, B KIDK.n;OM cToJI6Qe M Ha KIDK.n;OM
.n;MarOHaJIM 6bIJIa o.n;Ha M Ta )l(e.

2.49. BOCCTaHOBMTe MarMqeCKMM KBa.n;paT

16 3 2 13

5 10 11 8

9 6

4 15

2.50. 3arrMllIMTe B KBa.n;paT 4 x 4 qMCJIa OT 1 .n;o 16 rro rrOp.H.n;KY.

nOMeIDIMTe MeCTaMM qMCJIa, CTOHrn;Me B rrpoTMBOrrOJIO)l(HbIX yrJIax 3Toro

KBa.n;paTa. 3aTeM rroMeIDIMTe MeCTaMM qMCJIa, CTO.Hrn;Me B rrpoTMBorro-

JIO)l(HbIX yrJIax QeHTpaJIbHOrO KBa.n;paTa 2 x 2. 3arrMllIMTe pe3YJIbTaT
M rrpoBepbTe, qTO rroJIyqH7Ic.H MarMqeCKMM KBa.n;paT.
 rJIaBa 3

JIUBUU

npHMbIe H JIOMaHbIe

3.1. l poBe.n;MTe 3 npHMbIe JIMHMM M OTMeTbTe Ha HMX 6 TOqeK TaK,

'1'1'06bI Ha KIDK,lJ;OM npHMoM 6 bill 0 OTMeqeHO 3 TOqKM.

3.2. llpoBe.n;MTe 4 npHMbIe JIMHMM M OTMeTbTe Ha HMX 6 TOqeK TaK,

'I'r06bI Ha KIDK,lJ;OM npHMoM 6 bill 0 OTMeqeHO 3 TOqKM.

3.3. l poBe.n;MTe 6 npHMbIx JIMHMM M OTMeTbTe Ha HMX 4 TOqKM TaK,

'rro6bI Ha KIDK,lJ;OM npHMoM 6 bill 0 OTMeqeHO .n;Be TOqKM.

3.4. l poBe.n;MTe 5 npHMbIx JIMHMM M OTMeTbTe Ha HMX 10 TOqeK TaK,

'IT06bI Ha KIDK,lJ;OM npHMoM 6 bill 0 OTMeqeHO 4 TOqKM.

3.5. l poBe.n;MTe 6 npHMbIX JIMHMM M OTMeTbTe Ha HMX 9 TOqeK TaK,

'IT06bI Ha KIDK,lJ;OM npHMoM 6 bill 0 OTMeqeHO 3 TOqKM.

3.6. l poBe.n;MTe 6 npHMbIX JIMHMM M OTMeTbTe Ha HMX 12 TOqeK TaK,

'[To6bI Ha KIDK,lJ;OM npHMoM 6 bill 0 OTMeqeHO 4 TOqKM.

3.7. MO:>KHO JIM HapMCOBaTb .n;eBHTM3BeHHyro 3aMKHyryro JIOMaHyro,

((a)l(,lJ;oe 3BeHO KOTOpOM nepeCeKaeTCH pOBHO C O.n;HMM M3 OCTaJIbHbIX 3Be-

HbeB?
3.8. HapMCyMTe llIecTM3BeHHyro 3aMKHyryro JIOMaHyro, Ka)l(,lJ;oe 3Be-

HO KOTOpOM nepeceKaeTcH pOBHO C O.n;HMM M3 OCTaJIbHbIX 3BeHbeB.

rpaHHa
3.9. Ha KapTe HapMcoBaH M3BMJIMCTbIM pyqeM (pMC. 1). Ha O.n;HOM ero

6epery MJIM Ha pa3HbIx HaXOMTCH TOqKM A M B?

.
B

PHC. 1
16 3. JIHHHH

3.10. Pa3.n;e.nMTe QM<);>ep6JIaT qaCOB (pMC. 2) :

a) Ha TPM qaCTM TaK, qTo6bI B Ka)K.lJ;OM qaCTM c)'MMa qMCeJI 6bIJIa

O.n;HOM M TOM :>Ke;
6) Ha 6 qaCTeM TaK, qTo6bI B KIDK.n;OM qaCTM C)'MMa qMCeJI 6bIJIa O.n;HOM
M TOM :>Ke.

. .

. . .

. .

PHC. 2 PHC. 3

3.11. Pa3pe:>KbTe TOpT (pMC. 3) TpeMH rrpHMOJIMHeMHbIMM pa3pe3aMM

Ha 7 qaCTeM TaK, qTo6bI Ha Ka)K.lJ;oM M3 HMX 6bIJIa MaJIeHbKaH KpyrJIaH
llIOKOJIa.n;Ka.
3.12. npoBe.n;MTe Ha pMc.4 TpM rrpHMbIe JIMHMM TaK, qTo6bI OHM OT-

.n;e.nMJIM K03 OT KarrYCTbI.

Q
@ QQQQ
Q /-Q Q Q- @ -

QQ @ @@
- QQI
@ QQ
Q @
Q Q Q
PHC. 4
 3. JII1HI1I1 17

:1. 13. Pa3pe:>KbTe rro.n;KoBY (pMC. 5) .n;B}'MR rrpHMOJIMHeMHbIMM pa3pe-

IoIMII lIa 6 qaCTeM.

PI1C. 5 PI1C. 6

3.14. Ha pMc.6 H306pIDKeHa qaCTb KperrocTHoM CTeHbI. O.n;MH M3

1\;IMHeH MMeeT CTOJIb rrpMqy.n;JIMByro <POPMY, qTO eCJIM ero BbITarn;MTb M3

('TCI-IbI M rrOJIO:>KMTb MHaqe, TO CTeHa CTaHeT pOBHOM. 11306pa3MTe 3TOT

I{d MeHb.

,l(JIHHa
3.15. Bo CKOJIbKO pa3 JIeCTHMQa Ha qeTBepTbIM 3Ta:>K .n;OMa .n;JIMHHee,
'll'M JIeCTHMQa Ha BTOpOM 3Ta:>K Toro :>Ke .n;OMa, eCJIM Bce 3Ta:>KM HMelOT

()/I1HaKoByro BbICOTY?
3.16. Ha JIMHeMKe .n;JIMHOH 9 CM HeT .n;eJIeHMM. HaHeCMTe Ha Hee TPH
II
pOMe:>KyrOqHbIX .n;eJIeHIDI TaK, qTo6bI elO MO:>KHO 6bmo OTMepMTb JIIO-

()oe QeJIoe paccToHHMe OT 1 .n;o 9 CM.

nepeKJlabIBaeM CnHQKH

npu peweHUU 3aoall amozo napazpaifJa MOJ1CHO UCnOJlb30Bamb KaK

(IlUllKU, maK U nQJlOllKU.

3.17. nepe.nO:>KMB .n;Be rraJIOqKM, c.n;eJIaMTe TaK, qTo6bI .n;OMMK (pMC. 7)

IloBepHYJICH .n;pyrOM CTOpOHOM.
3.18. nepe.nO:>KMB TpM rranoqKM, c,n;e.naMTe TaK, qrr06bI pbI6Ka (pMC. 8)
IIJIbma BrrpaBo.

/ /'\.
/\ \ //
'\./'\./'\./
/
/'\.
Pl1c.7 Pl1c.8 PI1C. 9
 18 3. Jh1HHH

3.19. nepeJIO:>KMB TPM rraJIOqKM, C,lJ;eJIaMTe TaK, qTo6bI paK (pMc.9)

rrOJI3 BHM3.

3.20. Y6epMTe MYCOP M3 COBKa (pMC. 10), rrepeJIO:>KMB ,lJ;Be CrrMqKM.

(COB OK ,lJ;OJI:>KeH COXpaHMTb <POPMY.)

-
o
'0/
-

PHC. 10 PHC. 11

3.21. nepeJIO:>KMB ,lJ;Be CrrMqKM, rrepeMecTMTe PIOMKY (pMC. 11) TaK,

qTo6bI BMllIeHKa OKa3aJIaCb BHe pIOMKM.

PHcyeM <}>HrypbI OHHM pOCqepKOM

B 3TOM rraparpa<pe MbI 6Y,lJ;eM pMcoBaTb (MJIM 06BO,lJ;MTb) <pMrypbIOO-

HUM pOCllepKOM, T. e. He OTpbIBaH KapaH,l];allIa OT 6)'MarM M He rrpoxo-
M ,lJ;Ba)l(.ll;bI rro O,lJ;HOM M TOM :>Ke qaCTM JIMHMM. npM 3TOM <pMrypbI 6y-
,lJ;yr COCTOHTb M3 JIMHMM M Y3JIOB, B KOTOpbIX CXO,lJ;HTCH HeCKOJIbKO JIMHMM
MJIM O,lJ;Ha JIMHMH MeIDIeT HarrpaBJIeHMe. HaqHeM C ,lJ;OBOJIbHO rrpocToro
o6xo,lJ;a.
3.22. HapMCyMTe O,lJ;HMM pOCqepKOM rrH-

TMKOHeqHyro 3Be3,lJ;Y (pMC. 12). Y6e,lJ;MTeCb,

qTO o6xo,lJ; MO:>KHO HaqaTb He TOJIbKO M3

OCTpMH 3Be3,lJ;bI, HO M M3 Y3JIa, B KOTOpOM

rrepeceKalOTCH ,lJ;Be JIMHMM.

Ha30BeM I1UKJlOM <pMrypy, KOTOpyro MO:>K-

HO HapMCOBaTb O,lJ;HMM pOCqepKOM, M,lJ;H OT

O,lJ;HOrO Y3JIa K ,lJ;pyrOMY (He rrpOXO,lJ;H ,lJ;Ba-

)I(.lI;bI qepe3 O,lJ;MH M TOT :>Ke Y3eJI) M B03Bpa-

PHC. 12
rn;aHCb B MCXO,lJ;HbIM Y3eJI. 06BO,lJ;MTb O,lJ;HMM

pOCqepKOM 6bIBaeT y,lJ;06HO He TOJIbKO QMKJI, HO M <pMrypy, COCTaBJIeH-

H)'IO M3 HeCKOJIbKMX QMKJIOB.

 3. JIHHHH 19

PHC. 13 PHC. 14

3.23. HapMCyMTe O.n;HMM pOCqepKOM <pMrypy, M306pa:>KeHH)'IO Ha

I 'lie. ]3. Y6e.n;MTecb, qTO o6xo.n; MO:>KHO HaqMHaTb M3 JII06oro Y3JIa.

3.24. HapMCyMTe O.n;HMM pOCqepKOM <pMrypy, M306pa:>KeHH)'IO Ha

I'l e. 14. Y6e.n;MTecb, qTO o6xo.n; MO:>KHO HaqMHaTb M3 JII06oro Y3JIa.

.V rjjulypbL, COCmaBJleHHOU U3 4UKJLOB, U3 KaJ1C-

,), '.'0
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cepe6p.HHbIX, a BO BTOpOM c)'H,lJ;yKe cepe6p.HHbIX MOHeT Ha 15 MeHbme,

qeM 30JIOTbIX. KaKMX MOHeT 60JIbIIIe B TpeTbeM c)'H,lJ;yKe 11 Ha CKOJIbKO?
4.38. Ha BbICTaBKe )l(I1BOTHbIX Ka)K.ZJ;aH TpeTb.H KomKa 6eJIaH, a KIDK-

.n;oe meCToe 6eJIoe )l(MBOTHOe -

KomKa. Koro 60JIbme: KomeK I1JII1 .n;PY-

rMX 6eJIbIX )l(I1BOTHbIX?
 rJIaBa 5

MHoroyrOJIbHHKH

M3MepeHHe yrJIOB
5.1. Ha CKOJIbKO rpa.n;ycoB nOBepHeTC.H MMHyrHaJI CTpeJIKa qaCOB 3a
,-
?
.)
MMHyr.
5.2. Ha CKOJIbKO rpa.n;ycoB nOBepHeTC.H qaCOBaJI CTpeJIKa qaCOB 3a

')
"-.. 0 MMHyr ?
.

KBapaT
5.3. MO)l(HO JIM COCTaBMTb KBa.n;paT M3 CJIe.n;)'IOII.J;erO Ha60pa naJIO-

treK: 6 IlITyK no 1 CM, 3 IlITyKM no 2 CM, 6 IlITyK no 3 CM M 5 IlITyK no

4 CM? JIoMaTb naJIOqKM M HaKJIa.n;bIBaTb O.n;HY Ha .n;pyr)'IO HeJIb3.H.

5.4. B KBa.n;paTHoM KOMHaTe nOCTaBbTe TpM cTYJIa TaK, qTo6bI Y Ka)l(-

IJ;OM CTeHbI CTO.HJI O.n;MH CTYJI.

5.5. B KBa.n;paTHoM KOMHaTe nOCTaBbTe B.n;OJIb CTeH 10 cTYJIbeB TaK,
lJTo6bI Y KaoM CTeHbI cTYJIbeB 6bIJIO nopoBHY.
5.6. MO)l(HO JIM B KBa.n;paTHOM KOMHaTe nOCTaBMTb 12 cTYJIbeB TaK,
QTo6bI Y KaoM CTeHbI CTO.HJIM 4 cTYJIa?
5.7. MO)l(HO JIM llIaXMaTH)'IO .n;OCKY pa3MepoM 8 x 8 KJIeTOK, M3 KOTO-

pOM BbIpe3aHbI .n;Be npoTMBOnOJIO)l(HbIe yrJIOBbIe KJIeTKM, pa3pe3aTb Ha

np.HMoyrOJIbHMKM, COCTO.HII.J;Me M3 .n;BYX KJIeToK?

5.8. B KIDK.ZJ;OM KJIeTKe llIaxMaTHoM .n;OCKM pa3MepoM 5 x 5 KJIeTOK

CMJ];MT )l(yK. B HeKoTopbIM MOMeHT Bce )l(yKM nepenOJI3alOT Ha coce.n;-

HMe (no ropM30HTaJIM MJIM no BepTMKaJIM) KJIeTKM. 06.H3aTeJIbHO JIM npM
3TOM OCTaHeTC.H nYCTaJI KJIeTKa?

KBapaTbIH3CnHqeK
5.9. CnMqKM pacnOJIO)l(eHbI TaK, KaK nOKa3aHO Ha

pMC. 1.
a) Y6epMTe .n;Be CnMqKM, qTo6bI nOJIyqMJIOCb .n;Ba

KBa.n;paTa
-

60JIbllIOM M MaJIeHbKMM.
6) OepeJIO)l(MTe TPM CnMqKM, qTo6bI nOJIyqMJIOCb
TPM KBa.n;paTa.
B) OepeJIO)l(MTe qeTbIpe CnMqKM, qTo6bI nOJIyqMJIOCb PMc.l

TPM KBa.n;paTa.
28 s. MHoroyrOJIbHIfKIf

--
I
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I ----
I ---
I
I I I
PIfc.2 PIfc.3 PIfC. 4

5.10. Cnl1qKM pacnOJIO)l(eHbI TaK, KaK nOKa3aHO Ha pMC. 2. Y6epl1Te

.n;Be CnI1QKI1, QTo6bI nOJIytIl1JIOCb 4 KBa.n;paTa.
5.11. Cnl1QKI1 pacnOJIO)l(eHbI TaK, KaK nOKa3aHO Ha pl1c. 3. Y6epMTe
.n;Be CnMQKM, QTo6bI nOJIytIl1JIOCb 4 KBa.n;paTa.
5.12. Cnl1QKI1 pacnOJIO)l(eHbI TaK, KaK nOKa3aHO Ha pl1c.4. OepeJIo-
)l(MTe .n;Be CnI1QKI1, QTo6bI nOJIytIMJIOCb 5 KBa.n;paToB.

nOCTpoeHHH Ha KJIeTQaTOH 6)'Mare

IIpu nocmpoeHWlX Ha KJlem1.£amOzl 6YMa2e MOJ1C-

-+-
HO

B
cmpoumb
BepwuHQX
ompe3Ku,
KJlemOK.
KOH4bL KomopbLX pacnOJlOJ1CeHbL l-tI- I

I
5.13. OOcTpoMTe np.HMOM yrOJI, O.n;Ha 113 CTOpOH KO-

M306pa)l(€HHbIM 5.
TOpOrO
5.14.
CO.n;ep)l(MT
OoC'rpoMTe
OTpe30K,
yrOJI, paBHbIM yrJIY,
Ha

11306pIDK€HHO-
pl1c.
-+++H
PIfC. 5
MY Ha pl1c. 6, o.n;Ha 113 CTOpOH KOTOpOrO CO.n;ep)l(I1T OT-

pe30K, M306pa)l(€HHbIM pl1cyHKe. Ha TOM )l(e

5.15. OOcTpoMTe MHoroyrOJIbHMK, paBHbIM MHoro-

yrOJIbHI1KY, 11306pa)l(€HHoMY Ha pl1c.7, o.n;Ha 113 CTO-

pOH KOTOpOrO OTpe30K, 11306pa)l(€HHbIM

-

Ha TOM )l(e

pMcyHKe.
5.16. OOcTpoMTe yrOJI B 45°, o.n;Ha 113 CTOpOH KOTO-

poro co.n;ep)l(I1T OTpe30K, M306pa)l(€HHbIM Ha pl1c. 8. PIfC. 6

i
4-Ll-
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lHn r LJ_J
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PIfC. 7 PIfc.8
 S. MHoroyrOJIbHMKM 29

Pa3pe3aHHH
5.17. Pa3pe:>KbTe np.HMoyrOJIbHMK, CTOpOHbI KOToporo paBHbI 9 CM

II I 6 CM, Ha .n;Be paBHbIe qaCTM M CJIO:>KMTe M3 HMX KBa.n;paT.

5.18. Pa3pe:>KbTe maxMaTHYID .n;OCKY 8 X 8 KJIeTOK Ha <pMrypbI M3 qe-

TI,lpex KJIeTOK, M306pa:>K€HHbIe Ha pMC. 9.

I

-f- - - I

I
-L-----
i ;

I I
I
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- -

--r- j--
I
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PMc.9 PMC. 10

5.19. Pa3pe:>KbTe <pMrypy, M306pa:>K€HHYID Ha pMc.l0, no JIMHM.HM

("CTKM Ha qeTbIpe paBHbIe <pMrypbI.

5.20. MO:>KHO JIM pa3pe3aTb TpeyrOJIbHMK Ha TpM qeTbIp€xyrOJIbHMKa?
5.21. Y .n;BYX qeJIOBeK 6bIJIO .n;Ba KBa.n;paTHbIx
TopTa. KIDK.n;bIM c.n;eJIaJI Ha CBO€M TopTe no 2 np.H-
MOJIMHeMHbIx pa3pe3a OT Kpa.H .n;o Kpa.H. flpM 3TOM

Y o.n;Horo nOJIyqMJIOCb TpM KycKa, a y .n;pyroro

-

qe-

TbIpe. KaK 3TO MOrJIO 6bITb?

5.22. Pa3pe:>KbTe <pMrypy, M306pa:>K€HHYID Ha
PMC. 11
pMC. 11, no JIMHM.HM ceTKM Ha .n;Be paBHbIe <pMrypbI.
5.23. Pa3pe:>KbTe <pMrypy, M306pa:>K€HHYID Ha

- j-
-- -

pMC. 12, no JIMHM.HM ceTKM Ha TPM paBHbIe <pMrypbI.

5.24. 113 np03paqHOM llJI€HKM BbIpe3aHbI TpM I
:
I : I'
I--t-
KBa.n;paTa C Y30paMM, HapMCOBaHHbIMM Ha HMX qep-
---I-
I
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,
! I
I
--

HOM KpaCKOM (pMC. 13). HapMCyMTe Y30P, KOTOpbIM I

I

nonyqMTCH npM HaJIO:>KeHMM 3TMX Tpex KBq.n;paToB

PMC. 12
tJ;pyr Ha .n;pyra. (KBq.n;paTbI He nOBOpaqMBaIOTCH.)

g
"'

\ ,,, ., ,I

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PMC. 13
30 5.HoroyroRbHMKM

5.25. neTe M KOJIe BbI,ZJ;aJIM .n;Be o.n;MHaKOBbIe

<l>lfrypbI,
T.H pa3pe3aJI
BbIpe3aHHbIe
CBOIO <pMrypy
lf3 KJIeTQaTOH
Ha TPM qaCTM

KOJI.H
6)'Marlf.
M3 qeTbI-
TIe-
cfb !
-

tb
pex KJIeTOK (CM. pMc.14 CJIeBa), a pa3pe3aJI
PMC. 14
CBOIO <pMrypy Ha qeTbIpe yrOJIKa M3 Tpex KJIeTOK

(CM. pMc.14 cnpaBa). npMBe.n;MTe npMMep TaKoM <pMrypbI.

5.26. Pa3pe)l{bTe <pMrypy, M306pa)l{eHHyID Ha pMC. 15, no JIMHM.HM

ceTKM Ha qeTbIpe paBHbIe <pMrypbI.

PMC. 15 PMC. 16 PMC. 17

5.27. Pa3pe)l{bTe <pMrypy (CM. pMc.16) no JIMHM.HM ceTKM Ha TPM paB-

HbIe <pMrypbI.
5.28. Pa3pe)l{bTe <pMrypy, M306pa)l{eHHyID Ha pMc.17, no JIMHM.HM

ceTKM Ha TPM qaCTM TaK, qTo6bI B Ka)K,lJ;OM M3 qaCTeM 6bIJIa CHe)l{MHKa

M M3 3TMX qaCTeM MO)l{HO 6bIJIO CJIO)l{MTb KBa.n;paT.

06a.H qaCTh rpaHHhI

5.29. MO)l{HO JIM pa3pe3aTb TpeyrOJIbHMK Ha qeTbIpe TpeyrOJIbHM-

Ka TaK, qTo6bI Ka)K,lJ;bIM TpeyrOJIbHMK conpMKaCaJIC.H (T. e. MMeJI 06rn;Me
yqacTKM rpaHMIJ;bI) C TpeM.H .n;pyrMMM?
5.30. MO)l{HO JIM pa3pe3aTb KBa.n;paT Ha qeTbIpe qaCTM TaK, qTo6bI
Ka)K,lJ;a.H qaCTb conpMKaCaJIaCb (T. e. MMeJIa 06rn;Me yqacTKM rpaHMIJ;bI)
C TpeM.H .n;pyrMMM?
CTpOHM npHMephI
5.31. CTeHa MMeeT <POPMY MHoro-

yrOJIbHMKa (pMc.18). OTMeTbTe TOq-

KY, M3 KOTOpOM BM.n;HO pOBHO TPM Bep-

IIIMHbI 3Toro MHoroyrOJIbHMKa.
5.32. CTeHa MMeeT <POPMY MHoro-

yrOJIbHMKa (pMc.19). OTMeTbTe TOq-

KY, M3 KOTOpOM BM.n;HO pOBHO 4 Bep-

PMC. 18 PMC. 19
IIIMHbI 3Toro MHoroyrOJIbHMKa.
 s. MHoroyrOJIbHMKM 31

).::t OTMeTbTe TpM TOqKl1 TaK, qT06bI TpM CTOpO)l{a, CTO.HmMe B 3TMX

II 1'1 H; I X, MOrJIM BMJ];eTb BCIO KapTMHHYIO raJIepelO (pMC. 20).

PMc.20

5.34. OTMeTbTe Ha TIJIOCKOCTM 6 TOQeK TaK, QTo6bI OT Ka)K.lJ;OM M3 HMX

Iia paCCTO.HHMM 1 HaXOJ];MJIMCb pOBHO TpM TOQKM.

5.35. OTMeTbTe Ha TIJIOCKOCTM 7 TOQeK TaK, QTo6bI 12 M3 oTpe3KoB,

roeJ];MIDIlOmMX 3TM TOQKM, MMeJIM J];JIMHY 1.
 rJIaBa 6

eJIUMOCTh HarrypaJIhHhIX quceJI

qeTHocTb U HeqeTHOCTb

6.1. Y Ka)K.lJ;OrO M3 ceMM '-Ie6ypallIeK eCTb no .n;Ba B03.n;YllIHbIX llIapM-

Ka: KpacHbIM M )l(eJITbIM. Moryr JIM OHM TaK nOMeH.HTbC.H .n;pyr C .n;pyroM
llIapMKaMM, qTo6bI y Ka)K.lJ;OrO 6bIJIO no .n;Ba llIapMKa o.n;Horo IJ;BeTa?
6.2. MO)l(HO JIM BbIJIO)l(MTb B p.H.n; Bce 28 KocTeM .n;OMMHO COrJIaCHO

npaBMJIaM MrpbI TaK, qTo6bI Ha O.n;HOM KOHIJ;e p.H.n;a OKa3aJIOCb 5, a Ha

.n;pyrOM 6 OqKOB?
6.3. ,lVI.n;bKa '-IepHoMop HanMCaJI Ha JIMCTKe 6)'MarM qMCJIO 20. Ka)l(-

.n;bIM M3 33 60raTblpeM no Oqepe.n;M npM6aBMJI K HanMcaHHoMY qMCJIY

e.n;MHMIJ;Y MJIM BblqeJI M3 Hero e.n;MHMIJ;Y. MO)l(eT JIM B pe3YJIbTaTe nOJIY-
qMTbC.H qMCJIO 10?
6.4. OTJIMqHMK nOJIMKapn KynMJI o6I. U;yIO TeTpa.n;b 06'beMOM 96 JIM-

CTOB M npoH)'MepOBaJI Bce ee CTpaHMIJ;bI no nOp.H.n;KY qMCJIaMM OT 1

.n;o 192. BOeqHMK KOJIbKa BblpBaJI M3 3TOM TeTpa.n;M 25 JIMCTOB M CJIO)l(MJI

Bce 50 qMCeJI, KOTopble Ha HMX HanMCaHbI. B OTBeTe Y KOJIbKM nOJIyqM-

JIOCb 2002. He OllIM6c.H JIM OH?
6.5. YqeHMu;a 5 KJIacca KaT.H M HeCKOJIbKO ee o.n;HOKJIaCCHMKOB BCTa-

JIM B Kpyr, B3.HBllIMCb 3a PYKM. OKa3aJIOCb, qTO Ka)K.lJ;bIM .n;ep)l(MT 3a PYKM

JIM60 .n;BYX MaJIbqMKOB, JIM60 .n;BYX .n;eBOqeK. ECJIM B Kpyry CTOMT n.HTb

MaJIbqMKOB, TO CKOJIbKO TaM CTOMT .n;eBOqeK?

6.6. Ha TypHMpe MM. JIOMoHocOBa B MHcTMTyre MI1MI1HO 6bIJIM
KOHKypCbI no MaTeMaTMKe, <pM3MKe, XMMMM, 6MOJIOrMM M 6aJIbHbIM TaH-

u;aM. Kor.n;a TYPHMP 3aKOHqMJIC.H, BbI.HCHMJIOCb, qTO Ha Ka)l(.n;OM KOHKypce

n06bIBaJIO HeqeTHOe KOJIMqeCTBO llIKOJIbHMKOB M Ka)K.lJ;bIM llIKOJIbHMK

yqacTBOBaJI B HeqeTHOM KOJIMqeCTBe KOHKypCOB. '-IeTHoe MJIM HeqeTHOe

qMCJIO llIKOJIbHMKOB npMllIJIO Ha TYPHMP B MI1MI1HO?

6.7. Y MapcMaH 6bIBaeT npOM3BOJIbHOe qMCJIO PYK. O.n;HIDK.n;bI Bce Map-

CMaHe B3.HJIMCb 3a pyKM TaK, qTO cBo6o.n;HbIX PYK He OCTaJIOCb. MO)l(eT JIM

qMCJIO MapCMaH, Y KOTOpbIX HeqeTHOe qMCJIO PYK, 6bITb HeqeTHbIM?

6.8. Ha .n;OCKe HanMcaHbI llIeCTb qMCeJI: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. 3a O.n;MH XO.n;

pa3pellIaeTC.H K JII06bIM .n;BYM M3 HMX o.n;HoBpeMeHHo .n;o6aBJI.HTb no e.n;M-

HMIJ;e. MO)l(HO JIM 3a HeCKOJIbKO XO.n;OB Bce qMCJIa c.n;eJIaTb paBHbIMM?
 6. .l(eJUIMOCTb HaTypaJIbHbIX qMCeJI 33

npH3HaKH ,n;eJIHMOCTH

6.9. CKOJIbKO RyJIeM CTOMT B KOHIJ;e npOM3Be.n;eHM.H Bcex HaTypaJIb-

II bIX qMCeJI OT 10 .n;o 25?
6.10. eJIMTC.H JIM qMCJIO 11.21.31.41 .51 -

1 Ha 10?
6.11. KOB6oM EMJIJI 3aIIIeJI 6ap
B M nOnpOCMJI Y 6apMeHa 6yrbil KY
BI1CKM 3a 3 .n;oJIJIapa M IIIeCTb Kopo6KOB HenpoMoKaeMbIx CnMqeK, IJ;eHY
I(OTOPbIX OH He 3HaJI. EapMeH nOTpe6oBaJI C Hero 11 .n;OJIJIapOB 80 IJ;eH-
TOB (1 .n;oJIJIap 100 ==
IJ;eHToB), M B OTBeT Ha 3TO EMJIJI BbITaMJI peBOJIb-
Bep. Tor.n;a 6apMeH nepeCqMTaJI CTOMMOCTb nOKynKM M MCnpaBMJI OIIIM6-
KY. KaK EMJIJI .n;ora.n;aJIc.H, qTO 6apMeH nbITaJIC.H ero 06CqMTaTb?
6.12. eB.HTb o.n;MHaKOBbIX Bopo6beB CKJIeBbIBalOT MeHbIIIe qeM

1001 3epHbIIIIKO, a .n;eC.HTb TaKMX )l{e Bopo6beB CKJIeBbIBalOT 60JIbIIIe qeM

1100 3epHbIIIIeK. CKOJIbKO 3epHbIIIIeK CKJIeBbIBaeT O.n;MH Bopo6eM?

6.13. OKa)l{MTe, qTO HaTypaJIbHOe qMCJIO, .n;eC.HTMqHaH 3anMCb KOTO-

poro co.n;ep)l{MT 60JIee .n;BYX IJ;M<PP, .n;eJIMTC.H Ha 4 Tor.n;a M TOJIbKO Tor.n;a,

Kor.n;a qMCJIO, COCTaBJIeHHOe M3 .n;BYX ero nOCJIe.n;HMX IJ;M<PP, .n;eJIMTC.H Ha 4.
6.14. B 3anMCM 59*4* 3aMeHMTe 3Be3.n;OqKM IJ;M<ppaMM TaK, qTo6bI
nOJIyqeHHoe qMCJIO .n;eJIMJIOCb Ha 36. HaM.n;MTe Bce B03MO)l{HbIe peIIIeHM.H.
6.15. I1pMnMIIIMTe K qMCJIY 10 cnpaBa M CJIeBa O.n;HY M TY)I{e IJ;M<PPY
TaK, qTo6bI nOJIyqeHHoe qeTbIpeX3HaqHOe qMCJIO .n;eJIMJIOCb Ha 12.

eJIHMOCTb HaeJIO

6.16. Y BOJIO.n;M 6bVIO B 3 pa3a 60JIbIIIe opexoB, qeM Y I1aBJIMKa. OH

.n;aJI I1aBJIMKy HeMHoro opeXOB (He 60JIbIIIe l iITI ), a OCTaJIbHbIe nopOBH)'
pa3.n;eJIl1JI Me TpeM.H 6eJIKaMM. CKOJIbKO opeXOB BOJIOM .n;aJI I1aBJIMKy?
6.17. B HopKe )l{MBeT CeMb.H M3 24 MbIIIIeM. KIDK.ZJ;yIO HOqb pOBHO 4 M3

HMX OTnpaBJI.HIOTC.H Ha CKJIa.n; 3a CbIpOM. MO)l{eT JIM TaK nOJIyqMTbC.H, qTO

B HeKOTopbIM MOMeHT BpeMeHM Ka)l{)J;aH MbIIIIKa n06bIBaJIa Ha CKJIa.n;e

C Ka)K,lJ;OM pOBHO no O.n;HOMY pa3Y?
6.18. MO)l{eT JIM 6bITb BepHbIM paBeHCTBO

K x 0 x T ==
Y x q x E x H x bI x H,
eCJIM B Hero BMeCTO 6yKB no.n;CTaBMTb IJ;M<PPbI OT 1 .n;o 9? Pa3HbIM 6YKBaM
cooTBeTcTByIOT pa3HbIe IJ;M<PPbI.
6.19. qMCJIO 444 .n;eJIMTC.H Ha 3. MO)l{eT JIM KaKoe-TO .n;pyroe qMCJIO,
COCTaBJIeHHOe TOJIbKO M3 qeTBepOK, .n;eJIMTbC.H Ha qMCJIO, COCTaBJIeHHOe

TOJIbKO M3 TpoeK?
6.20. MO)l{eT JIM C)'MMa Tpex pa3JIMqHbIX HaTypaJIbHbIX qMCeJI .n;e-
JIMTbC.H Ha Ka)K,lJ;Oe M3 CJIaraeMbIX?
34 6. ,l(eJUIMOCTb HaTypaJIbHbIX 1.J:MCeJI

6.21. Ha 6JIIO.n;e JIe:>KaJIM 15 IIJIIOIIIeK. KapJICOH B3HJI ce6e B TPM pa3a

60JIbIIIe nJIIOIIIeK, qeM MaJIbIIII, a co6aKa MaJIbIIIIa EMM60 -

B TPM pa3a
MeHbIIIe, qeM MaJIbIIII. CKOJIbKO nJIIOIIIeK OCTaJIOCb Ha 6JIIO.n;e?
6.22. C)TMMa Tpex pa3JIMqHbIX HaMMeHbIIIMX .n;eJIMTeJIeM HeKoToporo
qMCJIa A paBHa 8. Ha CKOJIbKO HYJIeM OKaHqMBaeTCH qMCJIO A?

eJIeHUe C OCTaTKOM

6.23. HaM.n;MTe HaM60JIbIIIee u;eJIoe qMCJIO, .n;alOIIJ;ee npM .n;eJIeHMM

Ha 7 C OCTaTKOM HenOJIHOe qaCTHOe 5.
6.24. HaM.n;MTe Bce HaTypaJIbHbIe qMCJIa, npM .n;eJIeHMM KOTOpbIX Ha 7
HenOJIHOe qaCTHOe OKa:>KeTCH paBHbIM oCTaTKY.
6.25. TypMCTbI BbIllIJIM B noxo.n; B nOJI.n;eHb nOHe.n;eJIbHMKa M BepHY-
JIMCb qepe3 100 q. B KaKoM .n;eHb M qac OHM BepHYJIMcb?
6.26. Cpe.n;M HaTypaJIbHbIX qMCeJI, .n;alOIIJ;MX npM .n;eJIeHMM Ha 3 OCTa-

TOK 1, Ha:H.n;MTe nepBbIe TPM qMCJIa, .n;eJIHIIJ;MeCH Ha 5.

6.27. B ceMM3Ta:>KHOM .n;OMe :>KMB)'T .n;OMOBbIe. JIM<pT KypcMpyeT Me:>K-

.n;y nepBbIM M nOCJIe.n;HMM 3Ta:>KaMM, OCTaHaBJIMBaHCb Ha Ka)K.lJ;OM 3Ta:>Ke.

Ha Ka)K.lJ;OM 3Ta:>Ke HaqMHaH C nepBoro B JIM<pT 3axo.n;MJI O.n;MH .n;OMOBOM,

HO HMKTO He BbIXO.n;MJI. Kor.n;a B JIM<pT 3aIIIeJI TbICHqHbIM .n;OMOBOM, JIM<pT
OCTaHOBMJICH. Ha KaKOM 3Ta:>Ke 3TO npOM30llIJIO?
6.28. Ey.n;eT JIM XOTH 6bI O.n;HO M3 qeTbIpex nOCJIe.n;OBaTeJIbHbIX HaTY-
paJIbHbIX qMCeJI .n;eJIMTbCH:
a) Ha 2; 6) Ha 3; B) Ha 4; r) Ha 5?
6.29. JII06yIO JIM C)TMMY M3 u;eJIoro qMCJIa Py6JIeM, 66JIbIIIyIO ceMM,
MO)KHO ynJIaTMTb 6e3 c.n;aqM .n;eHe:>KHbIMM KynIOpaMM no 3 M 5 py6JIeM?
6.30. I1pM .n;eJIeHMM HeKoToporo qMCJIa m Ha 13 M 15 nOJIyqMJIM O.n;M-
HaKOBbIe qaCTHbIe, HO nepBoe .n;eJIeHMe 6bIJIO C OCTaTKOM 8, a BTopoe 6e3
OCTaTKa. HaM.n;MTe qMCJIO m.

6.31. ECTb 6 MeIIIKOB BeCOM 13, 15, 18, 26, 31 M 36 lIT. B KIDK}J;OM
M3 HMX HaxO.n;MTCH COJIb, M)'Ka H7IM neCOK. I1ecKa B.n;Boe 60JIbIIIe, qeM COJIM,
a M)'Ka eCTb TOJIbKO B O.n;HOM M3 MeIIIKOB. "liTO B KaKOM MeIIIKe HaxO.n;MTCH?

npOCTbIe qUCJIa

6.32. MO:>KeT JIM C)TMMa Tpex nOCJIe.n;OBaTeJIbHbIX HaTypaJIbHbIX qM-

ceJI 6bITb npOCTbIM qMCJIOM?

6.33. "lIMCJIO P npocToe M p > 3.
a) Ey.n;)'T JIM qMCJIa p + 1 M 1 qeTHbIMM?
-

P
6) Ey.n;eT JIM XOTH 6bI O.n;HO M3 HMX .n;eJIMTbCH Ha 3?
 6. ,l(eJUIMOCTb HaTypaJIbHbIX \:ulceJI 35

6.34. qMCJIO P npocToe M p > 3.

a) Ey.n;eT JIM XOTH 6bI O.n;HO M3 qMCeJI p + 1 M P

-

1 .n;eJIMTbCH Ha 4?
6) A Ha 5?
6.35. I1pocTbIe qMCJIa MMelOT TOJIbKO .n;Ba pa3JIMqHbIX .n;eJIMTeJIH-

e.n;MHMIJ;Y M caMO 3TO qMCJIO. A KaKMe qMCJIa MMelOT TOJIbKO TpM pa3JIMq-
HbIX .n;eJIMTeJIH?

Pa3JIOmeHHe Ha npocTbIe MHOmUTeJIU

6.36. I1pe.n;cTaBbTe qMCJIO 203 B BM.n;e CYMMbI HeCKOJIbKMX HaTypaJIb-

HbIX qMCeJI TaK, qTo6bI M npoM3Be.n;eHMe 3TMX qMCeJI 6bIJIO paBHo 203.
6.37. fpynna o.n;HOKJIaCCHMKOB peIIIMJIa noexaTb BO BpeMH KaHMKYJI
Ha 3KCKypCMIO B YrJIMq. E)I{eMeCHqHO Ka)l{)J;bIH yqeHMK BHOCMJI onpe.n;e-
JIeHHOe KOJIMqeCTBO Py6JIeH (6e3 KoneeK), o.n;MHaKOBoe .n;JIH Bcex, M B Te-

qeHMe nHTM MeCHIJ;eB 6bIJIO co6paHo 49685 Py6. CKOJIbKO 6bIJIO B rpynne
yqeHMKoB M KaKyID CYMMY BHec Ka)l{)J;bIH?

HO U HOK

Hau6oJlblUuii. o6uii. OeJlUme.nb 1.£uce.n m u n 0603Ha1.£alOm HO(m, n),

a HaUMeHblUee o6ee KpamHoe 3mux 1.£uce.n 0603Ha1.£alOm HOK(m, n).
6.38. KOH<peTbI «Cna;J;KaJI MaTeMaTMKa» npo.n;alOTcH no 12 IIITyK B KO-

po6Ke, a KOH<peTbI «feoMeTpMH C opexaMM» no 15 IIITyK B Kopo6Ke. -

KaKoe HaMMeHbIIIee qMCJIO Kopo6oK KOH<peT Toro M .n;Pyroro copTa Heo6-

XO.n;MMO KynMTb, qTo6bI Tex M .n;pyrMX KOH<peT 6bIJIO nopoBHY?
6.39. KOmI, Cepe)l{a M BaIDI perYJIHpHO XO.n;MJIM B KMHoTeaTp. KOJIH
6bIBaJI B HeM Ka)l{)J;bIH qeTBepTbIH .n;eHb, Cepe)l{a -

Ka)l{.n;bIH nHTbIH, Ba-

H.H -

Ka)l{.n;bIH IIIecToH. 30 MapTa Bce pe6HTa 6bIJIM B KMHO. B KaKoH .n;eHb

KaKoro MeCHIJ;a Bce Tpoe BCTpeTHTcH B KMHoTeaTpe B CJIe.n;yrom;MH pa3?
6.40. YKa)l{MTe .n;Ba qMCJIa, M.n;ym;Me no.n;pH.n;, Y nepBoro M3 KOTOpbIX
CYMMa IJ;M<PP paBHa 8, a BTopoe .n;eJIMTCH Ha 8.
6.41. B KJIacce yqMTCH MeHbIIIe 50 IIIKOJIbHMKOB. 3a KOHTpOJIbHYIO
pa60TY ce.n;bMaJI qaCTb yqeHMKoB nOJIyqMJIa nHTepKM, TpeTbH
-

qeTBep-
KM, nOJIOBMHa -

TpOHKM. OCTaJIbHbIe pa60TbI 6bIJIM OIJ;eHeHbI KaK Hey.n;o-

BJIeTBOpMTeJIbHbIe. CKOJIbKO 6bIJIO TaKMX pa6oT?
6.42. HaH.n;MTe HO qMCeJI 111111 M 111111111.
 rJIaBa 7

06bIKHOBeHHbIe II CMellIaHHbIe APo611

3anlfCb Blf,lI;a Ha3bIBalOT 06bLKHOBeHHOU OP06blO WIlf, KOpOqe, opo-

6blO. qMCJIO Ha.n; qepTOM Ha3bIBalOT 1.£UCJZume.n.eM, a qMCJIO no.n; qepTOM
Ha3bIBalOT 3HQMeHame.n.eM.

p06b Ha3bIBalOT npaBUJlbHOu., eCJIM ee qMCJIMTeJIb MeHbIIIe 3HaMe-

HaTeJI.H. p06b Ha3bIBalOT HenpaBUJlbHOu., eCJIM ee qMCJIMTeJIb 60JIbIIIe

3HaMeHaTeJI.H MJIM paBeH eMY.
HenpaBMJIbHbIe .n;P06M qaCTO 3anMCbIBalOT B BM.n;e CMewaHHbLX apo-
LI 16 1 u 1
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MMelOT 06MM .n;eJIMTeJIb (OTJIMqHbIM OT 1). p06b Ha3bIBalOT HecoKpamu-

MOU., eCJIM ee qMCJIMTeJIb M 3HaMeHaTeJIb He MMelOT 06MX .n;eJIMTeJIeM.
CBOUCTBa ,n;po6eu
2
7.1. Kor.n;a BeJIOCMne.n;MCT npoexaJI JIOnHYJIa IIIMHa. OCTaJIb-
3 n)'TM,
HOM n)'Tb neIIIKOM 3aHRJI B.n;Boe 60JIbIIIe BpeMeHM, qeM e3.n;a Ha BeJIOCM-

ne.n;e. Bo CKOJIbKO pa3 6bIcTpee BeJIOCMne.n;MCT exaJI, qeM IIIeJI?

7.2. TpM 6er)'Ha -

AHTOH, Cepe:>Ka M TOJI.H -

yqacTByroT B 6ere Ha

100 M. Kor.n;a AHTOH <pMHMIIIMpOBaJI, Cepe:>Ka Haxo.n;MJIC.H B 10 MeTpax

n03a.n;M Hero, a Kor.n;a <pMHMIIIMpOBaJI Cepe:>Ka, TOJI.H Haxo.n;MJIC.H n03a.n;M
Hero B 10 MeTpax. Ha KaKOM paCCTO.HHMM .n;pyr OT .n;pyra Haxo.n;MJIMCb
TOJIR M AHTOH, Kor.n;a AHTOH <pMHMIIIMpOBaJI? (Bce MaJIbqMKM 6eryr C no-

CTO.HHHbIMM, HO He paBHbIMM CKOpOCT.HMM.)

7.3. Ka)K.lJ;oe M3 Tpex Be.n;ep BMeaeT IJ;eJIoe qMCJIO JIMTpOB. ECJIM BO-
u .. 2
.n;y M3 nOJIHOrO nepBoro Be.n;pa BJIMTb BO BTopoe, TO OHa 3aMMeT ero
3
06'beMa, a eCJm BJIlfTb B TpeTbe, TO OHa 3allMeT ero 06'beMa. ECJIlf

B 30-JIMTpOByIO 60qKY BJIMTb nOJIHbIe nepBoe, BTopoe M TpeTbe Be.n;po,

TO OHa He HanOJIHMTC.H. CKOJIbKO ee JIMTpOB BO.n;bI MO:>KHO B Hee BJIMTb?
7.4. 10 KHMr CTO.HT 60JIbIIIe 11 Py6., a 9 KHMr CTO.HT MeHbIIIe 10 py6.
CKOJIbKO CTOMT o.n;Ha KHMra?
7.5. B pa3HOIJ;BeTHOM ceMeMKe 6billO nopoBHY 6eJIbIX, CMHMX M nOJIO-

caTbIX .n;eTeM-oCbMMHO:>KKOB. Kor.n;a HeCKOJIbKO CMHMX OCbMMHO:>KKOB CTa-

 7. 06bIKHoBeHHbIe 11 CMernaHHbIe ,n;po611 37

JIM nOJIOCaTbIMM, nana peIIIMJI nOCqMTaTb .n;eTeM. CMHMX M 6eJIbIX, BMeCTe

B3.HTbIX, OKa3aJIOCb 10, 3aTO 6eJIbIX M nOJIOCaTbIX, BMeCTe B3.HTbIX, -18.

CKOJIbKO .n;eTeM B pa3HOIJ;BeTHOM ceMeMKe?
7.6. B TpIOMe Kopa6lli1 o6pa30BaJIaCb Teqb. Cpa3Y)I(e BKJIlOqH7IM Hacoc,
OTKaqMBalOI..U;MM BO.n;y, o.n;HaKO OH He cnpaBJUlJICJ.I, M qepe3 10 MMH)1T ypo-
BeHb BO.n;bI B TpIOMe no.n;IDIJICJ.I Ha 20 CM. Tor.n;a BKJIlOqH7IM BTOpOM Hacoc

TaKoM )l(e MOI..U;HOCTII, M qepe3 5 MMH)1T ypoBeHb OnyCTH7ICJ.I Ha 10 CM. Tyr

Teqb 3(l.lJ;eJIaJIM. 3a KaKoe BpeM.H HaCOCbI OTKaqalOT OCTaTOK BO.n;bI?
7.7. «A 3TO BaM BM.n;eTb nOKa paHo»,
-

CKa3aJIa Ea6a-.Hra CBOMM

33 yqeHMKaM M CKOMaHAOBaJIa: «3aKpoMTe rJIa3a!» I1paBbIM rJIa3 3aKpbI-

JIM Bce MaJIbqMKM M TpeTb .n;eBOqeK. JIeBbIM rJIa3 3aKpbillM Bce .n;eBOqKM
11 TpeTb MaJIbqMKOB. CKOJIbKO yqeHMKoB Bce-TaKM )'BM.n;eJIM TO, qTO BM-

.n;eTb nOKa paHo?

7.8. I1pMBe.n;MTe npMMep .n;P06M, KOTOpaR npM npM6aBJIeHMM 3HaMe-

HaTeJI.H K qMCJIMTeJIIO M K 3HaMeHaTeJIIO )'BeJIMqMBaeTC.H:

a) B.n;Boe; 6) BTpoe; B) BqeTBepo.
5
7.9. HalfTe Bce .n;P06lf co 3HaMeHaTe.TIeM 15, KOTopbIe 60JIbllIe '
1 1
6
HO MeHbIIIe
u.
7.10. HaMTe Bce .n;P06M C o.n;H03HaqHbIMM qMCJIMTeJIeM M 3HaMeHa-

7 8
TeJIeM, KOTopbIe 60JIbIIIe HO MeHbIIIe
9' 9.
v 16 27 60
711 · · K aKaR M3 .n;po 6 eM ' '
6 JIM)I(e Bcero K I ? .

20 36 72
78 90
7.12. CpaBHMTe .n;P06M M .

79 91
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3HaqeHM.H, eCJIM K qMCJIMTeJIIO npM6aBMTb 4, a K 3HaMeHaTeJIIO 10.

537
7.14. KaKoe qMCJIO H)')KHo BbIqeCTb M3 qMCJIMTemI .n;P06M M npM6a-
463
1
BMTb K qTo6bI nOCJIe
3HaMeHaTeJIlO, COKpaI..U;eHIDI nonytIMTb 9?
eHCTBHH C ,n;P06HMH
7.15. EypaTMHo ceJI B noe3.n;. I1poexaB nOJIOBMHY Bcero n)'TM, OH JIer
cnaTb M cnaJI .n;o Tex nop, nOKa He OCTaJIOCb npoexaTb nOJIOBMHY Toro ny-
TM, KOTOpbIM OH npOcnaJI. KaKyIO qaCTb Bcero n)'TM EypaTMHO npoexaJI
60.n;pCTByIOI..U;MM?
7.16. IIenI TpaTlfT CBoero BpeMeHlf Ha lfrpy B «PYT60JI, -

Ha }"le-
I 1
6y B IIIKOJIe,
6
-

Ha npocMoTp KMH0<pMJIbMOB, 70
-

Ha peIIIeHMe OJIMM-

1
nMa.n;HbIx 3a.n;aq M -

Ha COHo MO)l(HO JIM TaK )l(MTb?

3
38 7. 06bIKHoBeHHbIe M CMernaHHbIe .D.P06M

7.17. BacH B3HJI Y TOBapMa KHMry Ha TPM .n;IDI. B nepBbIM .n;eHb OH

npOqMTaJI nOJIKHMrM, BO BTOpOM -

TpeTb OCTaBIlIMXCH CTpaHMU;, a B Tpe-

TMM .n;eHb npOqMTaJI nOJIOBMHY npOqMTaHHOro 3a nepBbIe .n;Ba .n;HH. YcneJI
JIM BacH npOqMTaTb BCIO KHMry 3a TPM .n;IDI?
7.18. B.n;oJIb 6eroBoM .n;OpO)l(KM Ha paBHbIx paccToHHlliIX paCCTaBJIe-
HbI 12 <pJIIDKKOB. CnopTcMeH 6e)l(aJI C nocToHHHOM CKOpOCTblO M OT nep-

Boro <pJIa)l(Ka .n;o BOCbMoro np06e)l(aJI 3a 8 ceK}'H.lJ;. 3a CKOJIbKO ceK}'H.lJ;

OH np06e)l(aJI OT nepBoro <pJIa)l(Ka .n;o .n;BeHa.n;u;aToro?
7.19. )J;Ba noe3.n;a M.n;yr HaBCTpeqy .n;pyr .n;pyry no napaJIJIeJIbHbIM ny-
THM, O.n;MH co CKOpOCTblO 45 KM/q, .n;pyrOM co CKOpOCTblO 36 KM/q. I1ac-

Ca)l(Mp, CM.n;HMM BO BTOpOM noe3.n;e, 3aMeTMJI, qTO nepBbIM noe3.n; npo-

IlIeJI MMMO Hero 3a 6 ceK}'H.lJ;. KaKOBa .n;JIMHa nepBoro noe3.n;a?
7.20. Pa3MeCTMTe Ha TpeX rpY30BMKax 7 nOJIHbIX 60qeK, 7 60qeK,
HanOJIHeHHbIX HanOJIOBMHY, M 7 nycTbIx 60qeK TaK, qT06bI Ha Ka)f{)J;OM

rpY30BMKe 6bIJI o.n;MHaKoBbIM no Macce rpY3.

7.21. Y BeCOB c.n;BMHyra CTpeJIKa. Kor.n;a Ha BeCbI nOJIO)l(MJIM O.n;HY
1
CBH3KY 6aHaHOB, BeCbI nOKa3aJIM 1
2
Kr. Kor.n;a Ha BeCbI nOJIO)l(MJIM CBH3-

1
KY 6aHaHoB n060JIbIlle, BeCbI nOKa3aJIM 2 Kr. Kor.n;a B3BeCMJIM cpa3Y
2
1
06e CBH3KM 6aHaHOB, BeCbI nOKa3aJIM 3 Kr. CKOJIbKO Ha caMOM .n;eJIe
2
BeCMJIM CBH3KM 6aHaHoB?
7.22. EaK 6bIJI nOJIOH BO.n;bI. 3TY BO.n;y nopoBHY nepeJIMJIM B TPM 6M-
.n;OHa. OKa3aJIOCb, qTO B nepBoM 6M.n;oHe Bo.n;a 3aIDIJIa nOJIOBMHY ero 06'b-
.. 2 3
eMa, BO BTOpOM 6 M.n;OHe Bo.n;a 3aIDIJIa '
a B TpeTbeM 6 M.n;OHe ero 0 6 'b-
3 4
eMa. EaK M Bce TPM 6M.n;OHa BMeaIOT no u;eJIOMY qMCJIY JIMTpOB. I1pM
KaKOM HaMMeHbIlleM 06'beMe 6aKa B03MO)l(Ha TaKaH cMTyaU;MH?
7.23. MO)KHO JIM pa3MeCTMTb BHYTPM KBa.n;paTa co CTOpOHOM 1 CM Hene-

peKpbIBalOMeCJ.I KBa.n;paTbI, c)'MMa CTOpOH KOTOpbIX paBHa 2000 CM?

7.24. KaK, He MMeH HMKaKMX M3MepMTeJIbHbIX cpe.n;CTB, oTMepMTb
2
50
3 MeTpa?
CM OT IlIHypKa, .n;JIMHa KOToporo paBHa
7.25. O.n;HMM naKeTMKOM qaH MO)l(HO 3aBapMTb .n;Ba MJIM TPM CTaKaHa

qaH. MMJIa M TaIDI pa3.n;eJIMJIM Kop06KY qaMHbIX naKeTMKOB nopoBHY.

MMJIa 3aBapMJIa 57 CTaKaHOB qaH, a TaIDI 83 CTaKaHa. CKOJIbKO naKe-

TMKOB MOrJIO 6bITb B Kop06Ke?

npe,n;CTaBJIeHUH ,n;P06HMU. Pe6ycbI

7.26. TIpe,ll;CTaBbTe ,lI;p06b B Blf,lI;e cyMMbI ,lI;B}'X pa3JIlfQHbIX ,lI;po6eii
C qMCJIMTeJIeM 1.
 7. 06bIKHoBeHHbIe 11 CMernaHHbIe .D.po611 39

7.27. 3anMIIIMTe 20 qeTbIpbMH .n;eBHTKaMM, MCnOJIb3YH 3HaK + M 060-

3HaqeHMH .n;p06eM.
7.28. 3anMIIIMTe 55 nHTblO qeTBepKaMM, MCnOJIb3YH 3HaK + M 060-
3HaqeHMH .n;p06eM.
7.29. 3anMIIIMTe 100 IIIeCTblO .n;eBHTKaMM, MCnOJIb3YH 3HaK + M 060-
3HaqeHMH .n;p06eM.
7.30. BnMIIIMTe BMeCTO 3Be3.n;OqeK IIIeCTb pa3JIMqHbIX QM<PP TaK, qTO-
* * *
6bI .n;P06M 6bIJIM
*" + *"
Bce HecoKpaTMMbIMM, a paBeHcTBo BepHbIM:
==

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7.31. 3aMeHMTe 3Be3.n;OqKM o.n;MHaKOBbIMM qMCJIaMM TaK, qT06bI pa-

20 * 20
BeHCTBO CTaJIO ==
-

BepHbIM: --;- IS IS
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Cpe,n;Hee 3HaqeHHe

CpeaHee apucpMemU1.£eCKOe HeCKOJIbKMX qMCeJI -

3TO .n;P06b, qMCJIM-

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CTBY CJIaraeMbIX.

CpeaH..R.fl cKopocmb aBUJ1CeHUfl -

3TO .n;P06b, qMCJIMTeJIb KOTOpOH pa-

BeH npOM.n;eHHoMY n)'TM, a 3HaMeHaTeJIb paBeH 3aTpaqeHHoMY BpeMeHM.
7.32. Ha JIo.n;Ke npOTIJIbIJIM 12 KM BHM3 no TeqeHMIO co CKOpOCTblO
12 KM/q M nOTOM BepHYJIMCb 06paTHo co CKOpOCTblO 4 KM/q. KaKOBa
6bIJIa cpe.n;HHH CKOpOCTb .n;BM)KeHMH JIO.n;KM?
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BeH 22 ro.n;a. Kor.n;a o.n;Horo MrpoKa y.n;aJIMJIM C nOJIH, cpe.n;HMM B03pacT
OCTaBIIIMXCH MrpoKoB CTaJI 21 ro.n;. CKOJIbKO JIeT y.n;aJIeHHoMY MrpoKY?
7.34. I1po<peccop TecTep npoBo.n;MT cepMIO TeCTOB, Ha OCHOBaHMM

KOTOpbIX OH BbICTaBJIHeT McnbITyeMoMY cpe.n;HMM 6aJIJI. 3aKOHqMB OT-

BeqaTb, )KOH nOIDIJI, qTO eCJIM 6bI OH nOJIyqMJI 3a nOCJIe.n;HMM TeCT

97 OqKOB, TO ero cpe.n;HMM 6aJIJI COCTaBMJI 6bI 90; a eCJIM 6bI OH nOJIyqMJI
3a nOCJIe.n;HMM TeCT 73 OqKa, TO ero cpe.n;HMM 6aJIJI COCTaBMJI 6bI 87.
CKOJIbKO TeCTOB B cepMM npo<peccopa TecTepa?
7.35. Cpe.n;Hee apM<pMeTMqeCKOe qeTbIpex qMCeJI paBHo 10. ECJIM BbI-

qepKH)'Tb O.n;HO M3 3TMX qMCeJI, TO cpe.n;Hee apM<pMeTMqeCKOe OCTaBIIIMX-

CH Tpex YBeJIMqMTCH Ha 1; eCJIM BMeCTO 3Toro BbIqepKH)'Tb .n;pyroe qMCJIO,

TO cpe.n;Hee apM<pMeTMqeCKOe OCTaBIIIMXCH qMCeJI YBeJIMqMTCH Ha 2; a ec-

JIM BbIqepKH)'Tb TpeTbe qMCJIO, TO cpe.n;Hee apM<pMeTMqeCKOe OCTaBIIIMX-

CH YBeJIMqMTCH Ha 3. KaK M3MeHMTCH cpe.n;Hee apM<pMeTMqeCKOe Tpex

OCTaBIIIMXCH qMCeJI, eCJIM BbIqepKH)'Tb qeTBepToe qMCJIO?
7.36. OKa)KMTe, qTO eCJIM B rpynny qMCeJI .n;06aBMTb qMCJIO, paBHoe
cpe.n;HeMY apM<pMeTMqeCKoMY 3TOM rpynnbI, TO cpe.n;Hee apM<pMeTMqe-
40 7. 06bIKHoBeHHbIe M CMernaHHbIe ,n;P06M

CKoe HOB OM rpyrrrrbI 6y,n;eT paBHo cpe,n;HeMY apH<pMeTHqeCKoMY HaqaJIb-

HOM rpyrrrrbI.
7.37. B copeBHoBaHHH yqacTBOBaJIH 50 CTpeJIKoB. llepBbIM BbI6HJI
60 OqKOB; BTOpOM -

80; TpeTHM -

cpe,n;Hee apH<pMeTHqeCKOe OqKOB rrep-

BbIX ,n;BYX; qeTBepTbIM cpe,n;Hee
-

apH<pMeTHqeCKOe OqKOB rrepBbIx Tpex.

KIDK,n;bIM CJIe,n;)'IOrn;HM BbI6HJI cpe,n;Hee apH<pMeTHQeCKOe OqKOB Bcex rrpe-
,n;b:r,n;HX. CKOJIbKO OqKOB BbI6HJI 42-M CTpeJIOK?
 fJIaBa 8

MHororpaHHHKH

CeqeHUH

8.1. MO:>KeT JIM CeqeHMe Ky6a 6bITb: a) TpaIIeQMeM; 6) lI1eCTMyrOJIb-

HMKOM;B)IIHTMyrOJIbHMKOM?
8.2. MO:>KeT JIM CeqeHMe TpeyrOJIbHOM IIMpaMM,n;bI 6bITb qeTbIpex-
yrOJIbHMKOM?

CMOTpUM Ha MHororpaHHUKU C pa3HhIX CTOpOH

8.3. MO:>KHO JIM IIOCMOTpeTb Ha TpeyrOJIbH)'IO IIMpaMH,n;y TaK, qTo6bI

6bmo BM,n;HO TOJIbKO TPM BeplI1MHbI?
8.4. MO:>KHO JIM IIOCMOTpeTb Ha TpeyrOJIbH)'IO IIMpaMM,n;y TaK, qTo6bI
6bmM BH,n;HbI Bce ee pe6pa?
8.5. MO:>KeT JIM TeHb OT TpeyrOJIbHOM IIMpaMH,n;bI 6bITb KBa,n;paToM?
8.6. MO:>KeT JIM TeHb OT Ky6a 6bITb IIpaBHJIbHbIM lI1eCTMyrOJIbHMKOM?
8.7. KaK MO:>KeT BbIrJIH,n;eTb TeJIO,
y KOToporo BH,n; cBepxy M BH,n; CIIe-

pe,n;M o,n;MHaKoBbIM, a MMeHHO TaKoM,

KaK Ha pMC. I? D
8.8. KaK MO:>KeT BbIrJIH,n;eTb TeJIO,
y KOToporo BH,n; cBepxy M BM,n; CIIe-

PMC. 1 PMC. 2
pe,n;M o,n;MHaKoBbIM, a MMeHHO TaKoM,
KaK Ha pMC. 2?
8.9. Ha IIoBepXHOCTI1 IIp03paQHOrO Ky6a HapMCyMTe JIOMaH)'IO TaK,
QTo6bI IIpM B3rJIH,n;e Ha Ky6 cBepxy M cIIepe,n;M 3Ta JIOMaHaH BbIrJIH,n;eJIa

TaK, KaK IIOKa3aHO Ha pl1c. 3.

,--

BH,l]; cBepxy BH,l]; Crrepe,l];H

PMC. 3
42 8.HororpaHHMKM

CKJlaAhIBaeM napaJIJleJlenHneAhI

8.10. MO:>KHO JIll 113 np.HMoyrOJIbHbIX napaJIJIeJIenl1ne,n;oB 1 x 1 x 2

CJIO:>KI1Tb Ky6 3 x 3 x 3, 113 KOTOpOrO y,n;aJIeH yrJIOBOM Ky611K (Pl1c. 4)?

2 3

4 5 6

7 8 9 10

PMC. 4 PMC. 5

8.11. l pe,n;JIO:>KI1Te cnoco6 Henocpe,n;cTBeHHoro 113MepeHI1.H ,n;l1aro-

HaJII1 Kl1pnl1Qa.
8.12. nepeJIO:>KI1Te IIl1paMI1,n;y 113 10 Ky611KOB (CM. pl1c. 5) TaK, QTo6bI
ee <popMa OCTaJIaCb npe:>KHeM, HO Ka:>K.n;bIM Ky611K COnpI1KaCaJIC.H TOJIbKO

C HOBbIMI1 Ky6I1KaMI1.

Pa3BepTKH
8.13. Hapl1CyHTe 11 pa3BepTOK K)'6a a)
(K)'6 pa3pe3aeTCH TOJIbKO no pe6paM). 6)
8.14. MO:>KHO JIll cBepHyrb nOBepx-
HOCTb Ky6a 113 <pl1ryp, 11306pa:>KeHHbIX -j I

Ha 6 a 11 6? !
pl1c.
8.15. Ha pl1c.7 11306pIDKeHbI ,n;Ba

I1rpaJIbHbIX K)'611Ka 11 I1X pa3BepTKI1.

CKOJIbKO TOQeK Ha HIDKHeM rpaHI1 K)'6a? PMC. 6

a) . 6) .

. .

. . . . . . . . . .

-.-
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PMC. 7
 8. MHororpaHHMKM 43

8.16. KaKl1e Ky6I1KOB,

113 11306pIDKeHHbIX Ha pl1c. 8, MO)KHO CJIO)KI1Tb

113 pa3BepTKI1, M306pa)KeHHOM CJIeBa?

0
PMc.8

8.17. Hapl1cyMTe pa3BepTKY Ky6a, KOTOpbIM B Tpex pa3JII1QHbIX no-

JIO)KeHI1HX BbIrJIH,n;I1T TaK, KaK nOKa3aHO Ha pl1C. 9.

PMc.9

8.18. CJIO)KI1Te 113 O,n;I1HaKOBbIX Ky611KOB napaJIJIeJIenl1ne,n;, KOTOpbIM

MO)KHO OKJIel1Tb TpeMH KBa,n;paTaMI1 (He 06H3aTeJIbHO o,n;I1HaKOBbIMI1)
6e3 rn;eJIeM 11 HaJIO)KeHI1M.
8.19. CKOJIbKO pe6ep 11 CKOJIbKO BeplIll1H I1MeeT MHorOrpaHHI1K, pa3-
BepTKa KOToporo 11306pa)KeHa Ha pl1c. 10?

PMC. 10
44 8. MHororpaHHMKM

BhIpe3aeM H3 JIHCTa 6}'MarH

8.20. KaK BbIpe3aTb M3 rrp.HMoyrOJIbHOrO JIMCTa 6)'MarM <pMrypy, M306-
pIDKeHH)'IO Ha pMc.ll? I1crrOJIb30BaTb KlIeR HeJIb3.H.

PMC. 11

8.21. MO)KHO JIM B TeTpa,ZJ;HOM JIMCTe BbIpe3aTb ,ZJ;bIPKY, Qepe3 KOTO-

PYK> rrpOJIe3eT QeJIOBeK?

Y3JIhI Ha BepeBKe
8.22. KYCOK BepeBKM JIe)KMT Ha CTOJIe TaK, KaK rrOKa3aHO Ha pMC. 12.
KaK BbI ,ZJ;)'MaeTe, 3aB.H)KeTC.H JIM Y3eJI, eCJIM rrOT.HHyrb 3a KOHI(bI BepeBKM?
npOBepbTe ce6.H, rrpOBe,ZJ;.H 3KcrrepMMeHT.

a) 6) B) 2) a)

PMC. 12

8.23. Ba KycKa BepeBKM JIe)KaT Ha CTOJIe TaK, KaK rrOKa3aHO Ha

pMC. 13. KaK BbI ,ZJ;)'MaeTe, 3au;err.HTC.H JIM OHM, eCJIM KOHI(bI O,ZJ;HOR BepeB-
 8. MHororpaHHMKM 45

=- ff

a) 6)
PMC. 13

KH B3HTb B O,n;HY PYKY, KOHQbI ,n;pyrOM BepeBKH B ,n;pyrYK> H rroTHHyrb HX

B pa3HbIe CTOpOHbI?
8.24. KOHQbI BepeBKM coe,n;HHeHbI. MO:>KHO JIH rrOBeCHTb ee Ha ,n;Ba
rB03M TaK, qTo6bI rrpH BbITaCKMBaHHH JII06oro rB03M BepeBOqKa yrraJIa?

3KcnepHMeHThI C JIHCTOM Me6Hyca

ECJIH B3HTb rrOJIOcKY 6YMarH, rrepeKpyrHTb ee Ha rroJI-060pOTa (CM.
pl1c.14 a), a 3aTeM CKJIeHTb KOHQbI (CM. pl1c.14 6), TO rrOJIyqHTcH <pHry-
pa, KOTOpYK> Ha3bIBalOT JlUCmOM Me6uyca. 3Ta <pl1rypa 06JIa,n;aeT MHO-

rHMH Heo6bIqHbIMI1 CBOMCTBaMH. CKJIeMTe TaKYK> <pHrypy 11 rrpo,n;eJIaM-

Te C HeM HeCKOJIbKO 3KCrrepI1MeHToB. nepe,n; Ka)l(.lJ;bIM 3KcrrepHMeHToM
rrorrpo6yifTe rrpe,n;cKa3aTb ero pe3YJIbTaT.

6)

a)

x
PMC. 14

8.25. HaqHHTe pacKpalIlMBaTb JII1CT Me6Hyca 11 rrpo,n;OJI:>KaMTe 3TO

,n;eJIaTb, He rrepexoM Qepe3 Kpai1:. Y,n;acTcH JIH 3aKpacHTb BeCb JIHCT Me-

6Hyca O,n;HHM QBeToM? (EcJII1 y,n;aCTCH, TO 3TO 6y,n;eT 03HaQaTb, QTO y JIH-

CTa Me6Hyca He ,n;Be CTOpOHbI, a Bcero JII11I1b o,n;Ha.)

8.26. Pa3pe:>KbTe JIHCT Me611yca rro «cpe,n;HeM» JII1HHH, paBHoy,n;aJIeH-
HOM OT ero KpaeB.
a) CKOJIbKO rrOJIyql1TcH QaCTeM?
6) nepeKpyqHBaHHeM rrOJIOCKH Ha CKOJIbKO 060pOTOB rrOJIyqalOTcH
3TH QaCTH?
46 8. MHororpaHHHKH

8.27. nepe,n; CKJIeHBaHHeM JIHCTa Me6Hyca npoBe,n;HTe Ha HeM BMe-

CTO «Cpe,n;Hei1:» JIHHHH ,n;Be JIHHHH, y,n;aJIeHHbIe OT KpaeB nOJIOCKH Ha

TpeTb ee IIIHPHHbI. Pa3pe)KbTe JIHCT Me6Hyca no 3THM JIHHHHM.

a) CKOJIbKO nOJIyqHTcH qaCTeM?

6) Ey,n;yr JIH 3TH qaCTH 3aQeIIJIeHbI ,n;pyr 3a ,n;pyra HJIH HX MO)KHO

pa3BeCTH B pa3HbIe CTOpOHbI?

8.28. nepe,n; CKJIeHBaHHeM JIHCTa Me6Hyca npoBe,n;HTe Ha nOJIOCKe

JIHHHH, napaJIJIeJIbHbIe KpaJIM, TaK, qTo6bI OHH pa3,n;eJIHJIH nOJIOcKY Ha

n paBHbIx qaCTeM. Pa3pe)KbTe JIHCT Me6Hyca no 3THM JIHHHHM. CKOJIbKO

nOJIyqHTcH qaCTeM?
8.29. npoBe,n;HTe nOJIOCKM TaK )Ke, KaK H B npe,n;beM 3a,l);aqe (B 3a-

,n;aqe 8.28), HO npH CKJIeHBaHHH nepeKpyrHTe nOJIOCKY He Ha nOJI-06opo-

Ta, a Ha nOJITOpa. 113MeHHTCH JIH KOJIHqeCTBO qaCTeM, nOJIyqeHHbIx npH
pa3pe3aHHH?
 fJIaBa 9

OnOJlHHTeJlbHbIe TeKCTOBbIe 3aAaqH

COBMeCTHhIH Bec

9.1. Mallia H ee MaMa BMeCTe BeCHT Ha 10 Kr 60JIbllIe, qeM rrana,

a Mallia H rrarra -

Ha 50 Kr 60JIbllIe, qeM MaMa. KaKOM Bec y MallIH?

9.2. KOJIH Hero MaMa BMeCTe BeCHT 100 Kr, KOJIH 11 nana -

120 Kr,
MaMa H rrana -

140 Kr. CKOJIbKO BeCHT OHI1 Bce BMeCTe 11 KIDK.n;bIM no

oT,n;eJIbHOcTH?
9.3. llOJIHbIM 6I1,ZJ;OH C MOJIOKOM BeCHT 33 Kr, a HarrOJIHeHHbIM ,n;o rro-

JIOBI1HbI 17 Kr. CKOJIbKO BeCHT rrYCTOM 6I1,ZJ;OH?

nOOl.QpeHIfH If HaKa3aHlliI

9.4. feHa rrOllIeJI C nanoM B THp. OrOBOpI1JIHCb, qTO feHa ,n;eJIaeT

5 BbICTpeJIOB 11 3a Ka)l(.lJ;oe rrorra,n;aHHe B QeJIb rrOJIyqaeT rrpaBo c,n;eJIaTb
ern;e 2 BbICTpeJIa. Bcero feHa c,n;eJIaJI 17 BbICTpeJIOB. CKOJIbKO pa3 OH

norraJI B QeJIb?
9.5. llPMM B THp, lleTH Kyrrl1JI 5 nYJIb. 3a Ka)l(.lJ;bIM ycnellIHbIM BbI-

CTpeJI eMY ,n;alOT ern;e 5 nYJIb. lleTH yrBep)K,lJ;aeT, qTO OH c,n;eJIaJI 50 BbI-

CTpeJIOB 8 pa3
H nonaJI B QeJIb, a ero ,n;pyr BacH rOBopHT, qTO 3Toro He

MO)KeT 6bITb. KTO 113 MaJIbql1KOB npaB?

9.6. YqaCTHHK BHKTOpl1HbI OTBeTMJI Ha 20 BorrpocoB 11 Ha6paJI 86 Oq-

KOB. 3a rrpaBl1JIbHbIM OTBeT ,n;aeTcH 12 OqKOB, 3a HerrpaBl1JIbHbIM BbIqH-

TaeTCH 10 OqKOB. Ha CKOJIbKO BonpocoB yqacTHHK OTBeTI1JI npaBl1JIbHo?

PaCllHJIhI If pa3pe3hI

9.7. 3aMQbI rrl1JIHT 6peBHo. OHH c,n;eJIaJII1 10 paCnl1JIOB. CKOJIbKO no-

JIyql1JIOCb qyp6aqKoB?
9.8. YTo6bI paCrrl1JIHTb 6peBHo Ha ,n;Be qaCTH, H)')KHO 5 MHH. CKOJIb-
KO BpeMeHH H)')KHO, qTo6bI paCnl1JIHTb TaKoe )Ke 6peBHo Ha 5 qaCTeM?
9.9. 3aMQbI paCrrl1JIl1JIH HeCKOJIbKO 6peBeH. OHH c,n;eJIaJIl1 10 pacrrl1-
JIOB H rrOJIyql1JIH 16 qyp6aqKoB. CKOJIbKO 6peBeH OHH pacrrl1JIl1JIl1?
9.10. I1MeeTcH 35 6peBeH -

,n;JII1HHbIX H KOpOTKI1X. JIHHHbIe pacrrH-

JIHBalOT Ha 5 qaCTeM, KopoTKHe
-

Ha 4 qaCTI1. YTo6bI paCrrl1JIHTb Bce KO-

48 9. ,l(orrOJIHMTeJIbHbIe TeKCTOBbIe 3a,n;aQM

pOTKHe 6p€BHa, rroTpe60BaJIOCb c,n;eJIaTb CTOJIbKO :>Ke paCrrHJIOB, CKOJIbKO

nOTpe60BaJIOCb, qT06bI paCrrHJIHTb Bce ,n;JIMHHbIe. CKOJIbKO 6bmO c,n;eJIa-

HO paCrrHJIOB?
9.11. HeKoTopbIe H3 9 JIHCTOB 6)'MarH pa3pe3aJIH Ha 3 qaCTH Ka:>K-

,n;bIM. Bcero rrOJIyqHJIOCb 15 JIHCTOB. CKOJIbKO JIHCTOB pa3pe3aJIH?

9.12. EeJIOCHe:>KKa BbIpe3aJIa H3 6aTHcTa 60JIblIlOM KBa,n;paT H rrOJIO-

:>KHJIa ero B cyH,ZJ;yK. IlpHlIl€JI IlepBbIM fHOM, ,n;OCTaJI KBa,n;paT, pa3pe3aJI

ero Ha qeTbIpe KBa,n;paTa H rrOJIO:>KHJI Bce qeTbIpe CHOBa B cyH,ZJ;yK. Ilo-
TOM rrpMlIl€JI BTOpOM fHOM, ,n;OCTaJI O,n;HH H3 KBa,n;paTOB, pa3pe3aJI ero

Ha qeTbIpe KBa,n;paTa H rrOJIO:>KHJI Bce qeTbIpe CHOBa B CyH,ZJ;yK. IloTOM

rrpHlIl€JI TpeTHM fHOM. 11 OH ,n;OCTaJI O,n;HH H3 KBa,n;paTOB, pa3pe3aJI ero

Ha qeTbIpe KBa,n;paTa H rrOJIO:>KHJI Bce qeTbIpe CHOBa B cyH,ZJ;yK. To :>Ke

caMoe rrpo,n;eJIaJIH Bce OCTaJIbHbIe rHOMbI. CKOJIbKO KBa,n;paTOB JIe:>KaJIO

B cyH,ZJ;yKe rrOCJIe Toro, KaK ynI€JI Ce,n;bMOM fHOM?

9.13. IlpHMoyroJIbH)'IO 1Il0KOJIajJ;KY co cTopoHaMH 3 H 4 pa3JIaMbIBalOT
rro yrJIy6JIeHlliIM Ha KBajJ;paTMKH co CTOpOHOM 1. KIDI<)J;bIM pa3 pa3JIaMbI-
BalOT TOJIbKO O,n;HH KYCOK (HaKJIa,n;bIBaTb KYCKH ,n;pyr Ha ,n;pyra HeJIb3H).
a) KaKoe HaHMeHblIlee qHCJIO pa3JIOMOB H)')KHO ,n;JIH 3Toro c,n;eJIaTb?
6) A KaKoe HaH60JIblIlee?

BKJllOqeHHe H HCKJllOqeHHe CBOHCTB

9.14. B KJIacce Bce )'BJIeKaIOTCH MaTeMaTMKoM HJIH 6MOJIOrMeM. CKOJIb-

KO qeJIOBeK B KJIaCce, eCJIH MaTeMaTHKoM )'BJIeKaIOTCH 15 qeJIOBeK, 6HO-
JIOrHeM 21, a MaTeMaTHKoM H 6HOJIOrHeM 10?
9.15. B KHOCKe OKOJIO lIlKOJIbI rrpo,n;a€TCH MOpO:>KeHOe ,n;BYX BM,n;OB:

«CrrOpTHBHoe» H «MaJIbBHHa». Ha rrepeMeHe 24 yqeHHKa ycrreJIH KynHTb

MOpO:>KeHoe. IlpH 3TOM 15 H3 HHX KynHJIH «CrrOpTHBHoe», a 17 -

MOpO-
:>KeHOe «MaJIbBHHa». CKOJIbKO qeJIOBeK KynHJIH MOpO:>KeHOe 060HX cop-
TOB?
9.16. 113 100 TypHCTOB 5 qeJIOBeK He 3HaJIH HH aHrJIHMCKOro, HH

HeMeQKoro H3bIKa, 84 3HaJIH aHrJIHMCKHM H3bIK H 56 HeMeQKHM. CKOJIb-

KO TypHCTOB 3HaJIH aHrJIHMCKHM H HeMeQKHM H3bIKH?
9.17. B ca,n;y Y AHH M BHTH pOCJIO 2020 KYCTOB p03. BHTH rrOJIHJI rrOJIO-

BHHY Bcex KyCTOB, H AIm rrOJIHJIa rrOJIOBHHY Bcex KyCTOB. IlpH 3TOM OKa-

3aJIOCb, qTO pOBHO TPH KycTa, caMbIe KpacHBbIe, 6bmH rrOJIHTbI H AHeM,
H BHTeM. CKOJIbKO K)'CTOB OCTaJIHCb He rrOJIHTbIMH?
9.18. B JIeTHeM JIarepe 70 pe6HT. 113 HHX 27 3aHHMalOTCH B ,n;paM-
Kp}')KKe, 32 rrOIOT B xope, 22 )'BJIeKaIOTCH crropToM. B ,n;paMKp)')KKe 10 pe-
6HT H3 xopa, B xope 6 crropTcMeHoB, B ,n;paMKp}')KKe 8 crropTcMeHoB;
 9. ,l(orrOJIHMTeJIbHbIe TeKCTOBbIe 3a,n;aQM 49

3 cnopTcMeHa nocern;alOT M .n;paMKp)')KoK, M xop. CKOJIbKO pe6HT He

3aHMMaeTCH HMqeM: He nOIOT B xope, He )'BJIeKaIOTCH cnopTOM M He

rrocern;alOT .n;paMKp)')KoK?
9.19. Ha KIDK,l];OM M3 qeTbIpex 3aIDITMH MaTeMaTMqeCKOrO Kp)')KKa
rrpMcyrcTBOBaJIO no 20 IlIKOJIbHMKOB. eBHTb yqeHMKoB noceTIDIM POB-
HO no TPM 3aIDITIDI M3 3TMX qeTbIpex, nHTb yqeHMKoB
-

pOBHO no .n;Ba

3aIDITIDI, a Tpoe 6bIJIM TOJIbKO Ha O.n;HOM 3aIDITMM. CKOJIbKO IlIKOJIbHMKOB

rroceTIDIM Bce 3aIDITIDI?

 rJIaBa 10

ll7IoaAb H 06neM

llnoaAh H pa3pe3aHlliI

10.1. Pa3pe:>KbTe KBa,n;paT Ha lliITb TpeyrOJIbHMKOB TaK, qTo6bI IVIO-

rn;a,n;b o.n;Horo M3 3TMX TpeyrOJIbHMKOB paBIDIJIaCb c)'MMe IVIOrn;a,n;eM OCTaB-

IIlMXCR.

10.2. llpRMOyrOJIbHMK pa3pe3aH BepTMKaJIb-

14 8
HbIM M ropM30HTaJIbHbIM oTpe3KaMM Ha qeTbIpe
npRMoyrOJIbHbIe qaCTM. l JIOrn;a.n;M Tpex M3 nOJIY-
12
qeHHbIX qaCTeM yKa3aHbI Ha pMC. 1. HaM.D;MTe IVIO-

rn;a.n;b qeTBepToM qaCTM.

10.3. llpRMOyrOJIbHMK pa3.n;eJIeH .n;B)'MR Bep- PMC. 1

TMKaJIbHbIMM M .n;BYM5I ropM30HTaJIbHbIMM oTpe3-
KaMM Ha .n;eBRTb npRMoyrOJIbHbIX qaCTeM. flnorn;a.n;M HeKoTopbIX M3 no-

JIyqMBIIlMXCR qaCTeM yKa3aHbI Ha pMC. 2. HaM.D;MTe IVIOrn;a.n;b BepxHeH

npaBoM qaCTM.

30 ?

21 35

10 8

PMC. 2

10.4. MO:>KHO JIM KBa.n;paTH}'IO .n;OCKY pa3MepoM 5 x 5 3aMOCTMTb KO-

CTRMM .n;OMMHO pa3MepoM 1 x 2?

10.5. KaKoe HaM60JIbIIlee qMCJIO npRMoyrOJIbHbIX 3arOTOBOK pa3Me-
pOM 3 X 5 MO:>KHO BbIpe3aTb M3 JIMCTa <paHepbI pa3MepoM 22 x IS?
 10. TIJIor.u;a,n;b If 06'beM 51

CpaBHeHHe llJIOaAeH
10.6. HaCeJIeHMe KMTaR COCTaBJIReT O.n;I1H MMJIJIMap.n; qeJIOBeK. Ka-
3aJIOCb 6bI, Ha KapTe KMTaR C MacIIlTa60M 1 : 1 000000 (1 CM: 10 KM)
CMO:>KeT nOMeCTMTbCR B MMJIJIMOH pa3 MeHbIIle JIIO.n;eM, qeM Haxo.n;MTCR
Ha BceM TeppMTopMM CTpaHbI. O.n;HaKo Ha caMOM .n;eJIe He TOJIbKO 1000,
HO .n;a:>Ke 100 qeJIOBeK He cMoryr pa3MeCTMTbCR Ha 3TOM KapTe. MO:>KeTe
JIll BbI 06'bRCHMTb 3TO npoTMBOpeqMe?
10.7. O.n;HY CTOPOHY npRMoyrOJIbHI1Ka yseJIMqMJIM B 3 pa3a, a .n;PY-
rYJO )'MeHbIIlMJIM B 2 pa3a M nOJIyqMJIIi KBa.n;paT. qeMY paBHa cTopoHa
2
KBa.n;paTa, eCJIM nJIOrn;a.n;b npRMoyrOJIbHI1Ka paBHa 54 M ?
10.8. JIMCTOK KaJIeH.ZJ;apR qaCTMqHO 3aKpbIT npe.n;b:r.n;ym;MM oTopBaH-
HbIM JIMCTKOM (pMC. 3). BepIIlMHbI A M B BepXHero JIMCTKa JIe:>KaT Ha CTO-

pOHax HIDKHero JIMCTKa. qeTBepTaR BepIIlMHa HIDKHero JIMCTKa He BI1)J;Ha

-

OHa 3aKpbITa BepXHMM JIMCTKOM. BepXHMM M HIDKHMM JIMCTKM paBHbI Me)K.lly

C060M. KaKaR qaCTb HIDKHero JIMCTKa 60JIbIIle: 3aKpbITaR IDIM OTKpbITaR?
A

Pl1c.3

<l>HryphI Ha KJIeTQaTOH 6)'Mare

B 3mOM napazpacjje cjjUZypbL HapueoBaHbL Ha KJlemlla- I
ut--
T---
mou 6YMaze co emopoHou KJlemKU, paBHou 1 eM.
.
I
I --
I

!
-r ---T-
10.9. BepIIlMHbI npRMoyrOJIbHOrO TpeyrOJIbHMKa pac- !

nOJIO:>KeHbI B BepIIlMHax KJIeTOK, a CTOpOHbI, 3aKJIlOqalO-

rn;Me npRMoM yrOJI, pacnOJIO:>KeHbI Ha JIMHMRX KJIeTqaTOM

6)'MarM M paBHbI m M n cTopoHaM KJIeTOK. (HanpMMep,

Ha pMC. 4 M306pa)KeH npRMoyrOJIbHbIM TpeyrOJIbHMK co

3 PIfC. 4
cTopoHaMM M qeMY4.) paBHa nJIOrn;a.n;b 3Toro npRMo-
yrOJIbHOrO TpeyrOJIbHMKa?
52 10. flrIorn;a,n;b If 06'beM

10.10. HaM.D;MTe IVIoa.n;b <pMrypbI, M306pa)KeHHOM Ha pMC. 5.

,
I

- - - -
; I --

-,- ,"u
--1----
I

, i
,
I I
1
---

T ----j--- '
-

I '

: I

PIfC. 5 PIfC. 6

10.11. HaM.n;MTe IVIoa.n;b <pMrypbI, M306pa)KeHHOM Ha pMC. 6.

10.12. HaMTe nJIOa.n;b TpeyrOJIbHMKa, M306pa)KeHHOrO Ha pMC. 7.

-r- - t-Iii- - 'I

PIfC. 7 PIfc.8

10.13. HaMTe IVIoa.n;b TpeyrOJIbHMKa, M306pa)KeHHOrO Ha pMC. 8.

06'beM

10.14. I1pRMOyrOJIbHbIM napaJIJIeJIenMne.n; C M3MepeHMRMM 5 CM,

12 CM M 4 CM paCnMJIMJIM Ha Ky6MKM C pe6poM 1 CM. CKOJIbKO nOJIY-
qMJIOCb TaKMX Ky6MKOB?
10.15. Ky6 co CTOpOHOM 1 M paCnMJIMJIM Ha Ky6MKM co CTOpOHOM
1 CM M nOJIO)KMJIM MX B pR.n; (no npRMoM). KaKoM .n;JIMHbI OKa3aJICR pR.n;?
10.16. I10CJIe ceMM CTMpOK Bce M3MepeHMR KycKa MbIJIa, MMelOe-
ro <POPMY npRMoyrOJIbHOrO napaJIJIeJIenMne.n;a, YMeHbIIlMJIMCb B.n;Boe. Ha
CKOJIbKO ee CTMpOK XBaTMT OCTaBIIlerOCR KycKa MbIJIa?
10.17. Kor.n;a rYJIJIMBep nonaJI B JIMJIMnyrMIO, OH 06Hap)T)KMJI, qTO

TaM Bce BeM pOBHO B 12 pa3 KOpOqe, qeM Ha ero po.n;MHe. CKOJIbKO

JIMJIMnyrcKMx CnMQeqHbIX Kop06KOB nOMeCTMTCR B CnMqeqHbIM Kop060K

rYJIJIMBepa?
10.18. 113 18 o.n;MHaKOBbIX Ky6MKOB C pe6poM 1 CM CJIO)KMJIM npRMo-
yrOJIbHbIM napaJIJIeJIenMne.n; BbICOTOM B TpM Ky6MKa. HaMTe nJIOa.n;b

nOBepxHocTM napaJIJIeJIenMne.n;a.
 rJIaBa 11

ROrHQeCKHe3aAaQH

nepenYTaHHhIe HaAnHCH

11.1. B Tpex MellIKax HaXOMTCR caxap, Kpyrra M BepMMllIeJIb. Ha

rrepBoM HarrMcaHO «Kpyrra», Ha BTOpOM

-

«BepMMllIeJIb», Ha TpeTbeM-
«Kpyrra MJIM caxap». qTO Haxo.n;MTCR B MellIKax, eCJIM M3BeCTHO, qTO co-

,n;ep:>KMMOe KIDK.ZJ;OrO MellIKa He COOTBeTcTByeT Ha.n;rrMcM?

11.2. Ha KpacHoH :>KeCTRHOH 6aHKe HarrMcaHO «caxap», Ha cMHeH-
«3eJIeHaJI 6aHKa rrycTaJI», Ha 3eJIeHOH -

«Kpyrra». 113BecTHo, qTO B O.n;HOH

6aHKe caxap, B .n;pyrOH Kpyrra, a TpeTbR rrycTaJI. B KaKoH 6aHKe Haxo.n;MT-
CR caxap, eCJIM M3BeCTHO, qTO Bce Ha.n;rrMCM HeBepHbIe?
11.3. Maqexa, ye3)KaJI Ha 6aJI, ,n;aJIa 30JIynIKe MellIOK, B KOTOpOM 6bI-
JIM rrepeMellIaHbI MaK M rrpoco, M BeJIeJIa rrepe6paTb MX. Kor.n;a 30JIynIKa
ye3)KaJIa Ha 6aJI, OHa OCTaBMJIa TpM MellIKa: B O,n;HOM 6bIJIO rrpoco, B .n;py-
rOM -

MaK, a B TpeTbeM
-

ern;e He pa306paHHaJI CMeCb. qT06bI He rrepe-

rryraTb MellIKM, 30JIynIKa K Ka)f(.lJ;OMY M3 HMX rrpMKperrMJIa rro Ta6JIMqKe:
«MaK», «rrpoco» M «CMeCb».

Maqexa BepHYJIaCb C 6aJIa rrepBOH M HapOqHO rrOMeIDIJIa MeCTaMM

Bce Ta6JIMqKM TaK, qT06bI Ha Ka)f(.lJ;OM MellIKe OKa3aJIaCb HerrpaBMJIbHaJI

Ha.n;rrMcb. YqeHMK <PeM ycrreJI rrpe.n;yrrpe.n;MTb 30JIynIKY, qTO Terrepb HM o,n;-
Ha Ha.n;rrMcb Ha MellIKax He COOTBeTcTByeT .n;eHCTBMTeJIbHOCTM. Tor.n;a 30-

JIynIKa .n;OCTaJIa TOJIbKO o.n;Ho-e.n;MHCTBeHHoe 3epHbIllIKO M3 o.n;Horo MellI-

Ka M, rrOCMOTpeB Ha Hero, cpa3Y .n;ora.n;aJIaCb, r.n;e qTO JIe)KMT. KaK OHa

3TO c.n;eJIaJIa?

KTO-TO CKa3aJI npaBAY, KTO-TO o6MaHYJI

11.4. B .n;eHb pO)f(.lJ;eHMR .n;R.n;M <Pe.n;opa rrOqTaJIbOH neqKMH XOqeT BbI-

RCHMTb, CKOJIbKO TOMY JIeT. IIlapMK rOBopMT, qTO .n;R.n;e <Pe.n;opy 60JIbllIe
11 JIeT, a KOT MaTpocKMH yrBep)f(.lJ;aeT, qTO 60JIbllIe 10 JIeT. CKOJIbKO JIeT

M.n;e <pe.n;opy, eCJIM M3BeCTHO, qTO pOBHO O.n;MH M3 HMX OllIM6cR?

11.5. ,LJ;0 u;apR .n;OllIJIa BeCTb, qTO KTO-TO M3 Tpex 60raTbIpeH y6MJI
3MeR rOpbIHbIqa. npMKa3aJI u;apb MM BceM RBMTbCR KO .n;BOPY. MOJIBMJIM

60raTbIpM:
I1JIbR MypoMeu;: «3MeR y6MJI ,LJ;06PbIHR HMKMTMq».
54 11. JIorMQeCKMe 3a,n;aQM

,LJ;06PbIHR HMKMTMq: «3MeR y6IDI A7Ierna llOrrOBMq».

A7Ierna llOrrOBMq: «51 y6IDI 3MeR».

113BecTHo, qTO TOJIbKO O.n;MH 60raTbIpb CKa3aJI rrpaB.n;y, a .n;Boe CJIyKa-

BIDIM. KTO y6IDI 3MeR?
11.6. 113 KalOTbI KarrMTaHa rrMpaTCKoro Kopa6JIR MCqe3JIa 6yrbIJIKa
RMaMCKoro pOMa. llo.n;03peHMe rraJIO Ha rapPM, TOMa M O.n;HOrJIa30rO
qapJIM. rappM CKa3aJI: «He TpOraJI 51 Barnero pOMa. TOM TO:>Ke HM rrpM
qeM». TOM CKa3aJI: «PyqalOcb rOJIOBOM, C3p, rappM HeBMHOBeH. POM CTR-

HYJI O.n;HOrJIa3bIM». qapJIM CKa3aJI: «EyrbIJIoqKY Barny B3RJI rappM. A 51

B 3TOM He 3aMernaH». KarrMTaHY y.n;aJIOCb BblHCHMTb, KTO B3RJI pOM. OKa-

3aJIOCb, qTO O.n;MH M3 rro.n;03peBaeMbIX .n;Ba)KfJ;bI COJIraJI, .n;pyrOM .n;Ba)KfJ;bI

CKa3aJI rrpaB.n;y, a TpeTMM O.n;MH pa3 COJIraJI, a .n;pyrOM pa3 CKa3aJI rrpaB.n;y.
KpOMe Toro, BOp .n;eMCTBOBaJI B O.n;MHOqKY. KTO :>Ke OH?
11.7. O.n;MH M3 rrRTM 6paTbeB McrreK MaMe rrMpor. HMKMTa CKa3aJI:

«3TO rJIe6 MJlM I1ropb». rJIe6 CKa3aJI: «3TO c.n;eJIaJI He 51 M He ,LJ;MMa».

I1ropb CKa3aJI: «BbI o6a rnyrMTe». AHApeM CKa3aJI: «HeT, O.n;MH M3 HMX

CKa3aJI rrpaB.n;y, a .n;pyrOM o6MaHYJI». ,LJ;MMa CKa3aJI: «HeT, AH.LJ;peM, TbI He

rrpaB». MaMa 3HaeT, qTO Tpoe M3 ee cbIHoBeM Bcer.n;a rOBopRT rrpaB.n;y.

KTO McrreK rrMpor?
11.8. YeTBepo pe6RT 06C)0I\lJ;aJIM OTBeT K 3a.n;aqe. KOJIR CKa3aJI: «3TO
qMCJIO 9». POMaH: «3TO rrpocToe qMCJIO». KaTR: «3TO qeTHOe qMCJIO».

A HaTarna CKa3aJIa, qTO 3TO qMCJIO .n;eJIMTCR Ha 15. O.n;MH MaJIbqMK M o.n;Ha
.n;eBOqKa OTBeTMJIM BepHo, a .n;Boe OCTaJIbHbIX ornM6JIMcb. KaKoM OTBeT

B 3a.n;aqe Ha caMOM .n;eJIe?

PhlQapu u Jr>Ke:QhI

B 3a.n;aqaX 0 pbIQapRx M JI:>KeQax pbLl1apU Bcer.n;a rOBopRT rrpaB.n;y,

}lJ1(el1bL Bcer.n;a JIryr. OHM :>KMByr Ha OCTpOBe pbIQapeM M JI:>KeQOB M BHern-

He HMqeM He OTJIMqalOTCR .n;pyr OT .n;pyra. 3TOT OCTpOB rrocern;alOT mypu-

cmbL, KOTopbIe MHor.n;a rOBopRT rrpaB.n;y, a MHor.n;a JIryr.
11.9. Ha oCTpoBe pbIQapeM M JI:>KeQOB MaJIbqMK coo6rn;MJI, qTO OH

JI:>KeQ. 3TO :>KMTeJIb oCTpoBa IDIM TypMCT?

11.10. llyrernecTBeHHMK, rrorraBrnMM Ha OCTpOB pbIQapeM M JDKeQOB, rro-

rrpocR7I CBoero rrpoBo.n;HMKa Y3HaTb y ero MM HaBcTpeqy MeCTHoro

)l{}fTeJUI, pbIQapb OH R7IM JDKeQ. llpOBO.n;HMK coo6rn;R7I, o 3TOT qe.nOBeK

Ha3BaJI ce6R pbIQapeM. KeM 6bVI rrpoBo.n;HMK

-

pbIQapeM R7IM JDKeQoM?

11.11. KaKoM Borrpoc MO:>KHO 3a.n;aTb )KMTeJIIO oCTpoBa pbIQapeM M

JI:>KeQOB, qTo6bI BblHCHMTb, pbIQapb OH MJIM JI)KeQ?

11.12. Ha KaKoM Borrpoc pbIQapb M JI)KeQ OTBeTRT o.n;MHaKoBo?
 11. JIorl1QeCKl1e 3a,n;aQI1 55

11.13. KaKoM Bonpoc MO:>KHO 3a.n;aTb pbIQaplO .n;Ba:>K,ZJ;bI M nOJIyqMTb

Ha Hero pa3HbIe OTBeTbI?
11.14. llyrernecTBeHHMK n03HaKOMMJICR C .n;B)'MR MaJIbqMKaMM, lle-
TeM M <l>e.n;eM, :>KMBynJ;MMM Ha oCTpoBe pbIQapeM M JI:>KeQOB. <l>eM co06-
IIJ;MJI, qTO XOTR 6bI O.n;MH M3 HMX .n;BOMX JI:>KeQ. KTO 3TM MaJIbqMKM?
11.15. Ka:>K,ZJ;bIM M3 :>KMTeJIeM oCTpoBa pbIQapeM M JI:>KeQOB, c06paB-
IlIMXCR Ha nJIOIIJ;a.n;M, CKa3aJI: «BbI Bce JI:>KeQbI!» CKOJIbKO cpe.n;M HMX 6bIJIO
pbIQapeM?
11.16. Tpex :>KMTeJIeM oCTpoBa pbIQapeM M JI:>KeQOB CnpOCMJIM, CKOJIb-

KO cpe.n;M HMX pbIQapeM. llepBbIM CKa3aJI, qTO HM o.n;Horo. BTOpOM CKa3aJI,

qTO O.n;MH. KTO TpeTMM :>KMTeJIb -

pbIQapb MJIM JI:>KeQ?

11.17. Tpex :>KMTeJIeM oCTpoBa pbIQapeM M JI:>KeQOB CnpOCMJIM, CKOJIb-

KO cpe.n;M .n;BYX OCTaJIbHbIX pbIQapeM. llepBbIM CKa3aJI, qTO HM o.n;Horo.

BTOpOM CKa3aJI, qTO O.n;MH. qTO CKa3aJI TpeTMM :>KMTeJIb?

11.18. B KOMHaTe CTORT 20 cTYJIbeB .n;BYX QBeTOB: CMHero M Kpac-
Horo. Ha Ka:>K,ZJ;bIM M3 cTYJIbeB ceJI JIM60 pbIQapb, JIM60 JI:>KeQ. Ka:>K,ZJ;bIM
M3 CMMIIJ;MX 3aJ1BMJI, qTO OH CM.n;MT Ha CMHeM cTYJIe. 3aTeM OHM KaK-

TO nepeCeJIM, nOCJIe qero nOJIOBMHa M3 CM.n;RIIJ;MX CKa3aJIM, qTO CMMT Ha

CMHMX CTYJIbRX, a OCTaJIbHbIe CKa3aJIM, qTO CM.n;RT Ha KpaCHbIX. CKOJIbKO

pbIQapeM Tenepb CM.n;MT Ha KpaCHbIX CTYJIbRX?

11.19. KOB60R o npMroBopIDIM K cMepTHoM Ka3HM Ha 3JIeKTpMqe-
CKOM cTYJIe. EMY M3BeCTHO, q'f0 M3 .n;BYX 3JIeKTpWIeCKMX cTYJIbeB, CTORIIJ;MX
B cneQMaJIbHOM KaMepe, O.n;MH HeMcnpaBeH. KpoMe Toro, o M3BeCTHO,
q'f0 eCJIM OH CH.ZJ;eT Ha 3TOT HeMcnpaBHbIM cTYJI, Ka3Hb He nOBTopMTCH M OH

6y.n;eT nOMMJIOBaH. EMY M3BeCTHO TalOKe, qTO C'rpa:>KHMK, OXpaIDIIOIIJ;MM CTY-

JIbR, qepe3 .n;eHb Ha Bce BonpOCbI OTBeqaeT npaB.ZJ;y, a qepe3 .n;eHb
-

JIO:>Kb.

llpMrOBopeHHOMY pa3pernaeTCR 3a.n;aTb CTpa:>KHMKY pOBHO O.n;MH BO-

npoc, nOCJIe qero Ha.n;o BbI6paTb, Ha KaKOM 3JIeKTpMqeCKMM CTYJI ca.n;MTb-

CR. KaKOM Bonpoc :>KO MO:>KeT 3a.n;aTb CTpa:>KHMKY, qT06bI HaBepIDIKa
BbUlCHMTb, KaKOM CTYJI HeMcnpaBeH?
11.20. BaIDI M BacR -

6paTbR-611M3HeQbI. O.n;MH M3 HMX pbIQapb, a .n;PY-

rOM JDKeQ. l pe.n;JIO:>KMTe cnoc06 BbIRCHMTb, KaK 30Byr Ka:>K,ZJ;OrO M3 611M3-
HeQOB, 3a.n;aB T01lbKO O.n;MH Bonpoc O.n;HOMY M3 6paTbeB, Ha KOTOpbIM OH

OTBeTMT «.n;a» MJIM «HeT».

Pa3HhIe 3aAaqH

11.21. CbIH npo<l>eccopa pa3roBapMBaeT C OTQOM CbIHa 3Toro npo-

<l>eccopa, npMqeM caM npo<l>eccop B pa3rOBope He yqacTByeT. MO:>KeT 11M

TaKoe 6bITb?
56 11.norMQeCKMe3aAaqM

11.22. B KOMHaTe Haxo.n;RTCR 85 B03.n;yrnHbIX mapoB

-

KpacHbIx M CM-

HMX. 113BecTHo, qTO:

1) no KpaHHeH Mepe O.n;MH M3 mapoB KpacHbIH;

2) M3 Ka)l()J;OH npOM3BOJIbHO BbI6paHHoH napbI mapoB no KpaHHeH
Mepe O.n;MH CMHMH. CKOJIbKO B KOMHaTe KpacHbIx mapoB?
11.23. Eece.n;yroT Tpoe: EeJIOB, llepHoB M PbDKOB. EplOHeT CKa3aJI Ee-

JIOBY: «JII06onbITHo, qTO O.n;MH M3 Hac 6JIOH.ZJ;MH, .n;pyrOH 6p1OHeT, -

a Tpe-

TMH -

pbDKMH, HO HM Y Koro QBeT BOJIOC He COOTBeTcTByeT <paMMJIMM».

KaKOH QBeT BOJIOC Y Ka)l()J;OrO M3 6ece.n;yroII.J;Mx?
11.24. Ha YJIMQe, CTaB B Kp)')KOK, 6ece.n;yroT qeTbIpe .n;eBOqKM: ACR,
KaTR, raJIR M HMHa. eBOqKa B 3eJIeHOM IVIaTbe (He ACR M He KaTR)
CTOMT Me)l()J;Y .n;eBOqKOH B rOJIy6oM IVIaTbe M HMHOH. eBOqKa B 6eJIOM
nJIaTbe CTOMT Me)l()J;y.n;eBOqKOH B p030BOM nJIaTbe M KaTeH. KaKoro QBe-
Ta IIJIaTbe Ha.n;eTO Ha Ka)l()J;OH M3 .n;eBOqeK?
11.25. Kor.n;a TpM no.n;pyrM
-

HaM, BaJUI M Mama -

BbIIIDIM ryJIHTb, Ha

HMX 6bIJIM 6eJIoe, KpacHoe M CMHee IVIaTbR. TY<PJIM MX 6bIJIM Tex :>Ke Tpex
QBeTOB, HO TOJIbKO Y Hatt;M QBeTa TY<PeJIb M rmaThR COBnatt;aJIM. llpM 3TOM

Y BaJIM HM rmaTbe, HM TY<PJIM He 6bIJIM CMHMMM, a Mama 6bIJIa B KpacHbIX

TY<l>1IHx. Onpe,n;eJIMTe QBeT rmaTbeB M TY<PeJIb KIDK.ZJ;OH M3 no.n;pyr.
11.26. Y JII06MTeJIR .n;OMamHMX :>KMBOTHbIX Bce :>KMBOTHbIe, KpoMe
.n;BYX,
-

co6aKM, Bce, KpoMe .n;BYX,

-

KomKM, Bce, KpoMe .n;BYX,

-

nony-
raM, a OCTaJIbHbIe -

TapaKaHbI. CKOJIbKO Y Hero :>KMBOTHbIX M KaKMe

OHM?
11.27. Ha nRTM KapTOqKaX 3anMcaHbI HaTypaJIbHbIe qMCJIa OT 1 .n;o 5.
JIema M MMa B3IDIM ce6e, He rJIR.n;R, no .n;Be KapTOqKM, a OCTaBmyroCR
KapTOqKY, TalOKe He rJIR.n;R, CnpRTaJIM. 113yqMB CBOM KapTOqKM, JIema
CKa3aJI MMe: «R 3HalO, qTO CYMMa qMCeJI Ha TBOMX KapTOqKaX qeTHa!»-
M 6bIJI npaB. KaKMe qMCJIa 3anMcaHbI Ha JIemMHbIX KapTOqKax?

CnpaBeAJIHBhIH AeJIem
11.28. lleTR M BacR KynMJIM TOpT. lleTR pa3pe3aJI TOpT, KaK eMY Ka-

)KeTCR, Ha .n;Be paBHbIe qaCTM M XOqeT B3RTb O.n;HY M3 HMX. BacR C HMM He

COrJIaCeH. KaK MM nocTynMTb?

11.29. lleTR, BacR M KOJIR KynMJIM TOpT. KaK MM ero pa3.n;eJIMTb, qTO-

6bI He 6bIJIO cnopoB?

11.30. l pe.n;JIO)KMTe cnoco6 .n;eJIe:>Ka TopTa Me)l()J;Y qeTbIpbMR MaJIb-

qMKaMM.
 rJIaBa 12

OnOJIHHTeJIhHhIe 3aAaqH

CKOJIhKO HymHO BbIHYTb?

12.1. B TeMHoH KOMHaTe CTOMT CTeKJHIHHa.H Ba3a, B KOTOpOH He-

CKOJIbKO qepHbIX M HeCKOJIbKO 6eJIbIX mapoB. KaKoe HaMMeHbmee qMCJIO

wapoB H)0KHO BbIHyrb, qTo6bI cpe.n;M BbIHyrbIX mapoB 6bIJIa napa mapoB
o.n;Horo U;BeTa?
12.2. B TeMHoH KOMHaTe CTOMT CTeKJHIHHa.H Ba3a, B KOTOpOH 10 qep-
HbIX M 12 6eJIbIX mapoB. KaKoe HaMMeHbmee qMCJIO mapoB H)0KHO BbI-

Hyrb, qTo6bI cpe.n;M BbIHyrbIX mapoB 6bIJIa napa qepHbIX mapoB?

12.3. B TeMHoH KOMHaTe CTOMT c)'H.n;)TK, B KOTOpOM JIe:>KaT py6MHbI,
aJIMa3bI M can<pMpbI. KaKoe HaMMeHbmee qMCJIO .n;parou;eHHbIx KaMHeH
H)0KHO BbIHyrb, qTo6bI cpe.n;M HMX 6bIJIa napa KaMHeH o.n;Horo BM.n;a?
12.4. B TeMHoH KOMHaTe CTOMT c)'H.n;)TK, B KOTOpOM JIe)KaT 25 py6M-
HOB, 15 aJIMa30B M 4 can<pMpa. KaKoe HaMMeHbmee qMCJIO .n;parou;eHHbIx
KaMHeH H)0KHO BbIHyrb, qTo6bI cpe.n;M HMX 6bIJIa napa aJIMa30B?
12.5. B Ba3e JIe:>KaT 20 mapoB, HeKoTopbIe M3 HMX 6eJIbIe, a OCTaJIb-

HbIe qepHbIe. ECJIM BbIHyrb 10 mapOB, TO cpe.n;M HMX 06R3aTeJIbHO 6y.n;eT

6eJIbIH. ECJIM BbIHyrb 12 mapOB, TO cpe.n;M HMX 06R3aTeJIbHO 6y.n;eT qep-
HbIH. CKOJIbKO B Ba3e 6eJIbIX mapOB M CKOJIbKO qepHbIX?

KOM6uHaTopUKa
KOM6uHamopUKa -

3TO pa3.n;eJI MaTeMaTMKM, 3aHMMalOII.J;MHCR no.n;-

CqeTOM KOJIMqeCTBa B03MO:>KHbIX BapMaHTOB (KOM6MHaU;MH) B pa3HbIX
cMTyaU;MRX. HanpMMep, K KOM6MHaTopMKe OTHOCRTCR 3a.n;aqM 1.16-1.19
M3 nepBoH rJIaBbI.

12.6. ropo.n;a A H B coe.n;HHeHbI .n;BY- A B C

MR .n;oporaMM, a ropo.n;a B M C -

TpeMR
(pMc.l). CKOJIbKO Bcero MMeeTCR pa3JIMq-
HbIX M3 ABC? PIfc.l
MapmpyroB .n;JIR noe3.n;KM

,l];BM:>KeHMe O.n;HOCTopOHHee, TOJIbKO B HanpaBJIeHMM CTpeJIOK.

12.7. Ha nOqTe npo.n;alOTcR .n;Ba BM.n;a KOHBepToB M TPM BM.n;a MapoK.
CKOJIbKMMM pa3HbIMM cnoco6aMM MO:>KHO BbI6paTb KOHBepT M MapKY?
58 12. .l(onOJIHIfTeJIbHbIe 3a.n;aQIf

12.8. K .n;oporaM M3 3a.n;aqM 12.6 .n;o6aBMJIM qeTbIpe .n;oporM M3 ropo.n;a

C B ropo.n; D (pMC. 2). CKOJIbKO Tenepb CTaJIO pa3JIMqHbIX MaprnpyroB .n;JUI
noe3.n;KM M3 A B D?

AB - c
-

-
-""'
D

PIfC. 2

12.9. ropo.n;a A, B, C M D CBR3aHbI .n;oporaMM C O.n;HOCTOpOHHMM .n;BM-

)KeHMeM TaK, KaK nOKa3aHO Ha pMC. 3. CKOJIbKO Bcero MMeeTCR pa3JIMq-
HbIX MaprnpyroB .n;JIR noe3.n;KM M3 ABC?

PIfC. 3

12.10. B noxo.n; nOllIJIM 10 qeJIOBeK.

a) CKOJIbKMMM cnoco6aMM cpe.n;M HMX MO)KHO BbI6paTb o.n;Horo qe-

JIOBeKa, qTo6bI OH nOCTaBMJI naJIaTKY, M .n;pyroro qeJIOBeKa, qTo6bI OH

npMHec BO.n;y?
6) CKOJIbKMMM cnoco6aMM cpe.n;M HMX MO)KHO
B
BbI6paTb .n;BYX qe.nOBeK, qTo6bI OHM npMHeCJIM BO.n;y?
12.11. a) Ha pMc.4 M306pa)KeH IVIaH qeTbIpex
KBapTaJIOB
CKOJIbKO eCTb
ropo.n;a
MaprnpyroB
M npMJIeralOII.J;MX
M3 TOqKM A
K HMM

B TOqKY
YJIMQ.
B,
I
eCJIM .n;BMraTbCR no YJIMQaM MO)KHO TOJIbKO B .n;BYX A

HanpaBJIeHMRX, yxa3aHHbIx CTpeJIKaMM? -

6) PernMTe TaK)'IO )Ke 3a.n;aqy, HO He .n;JIR qeTbI-

PIfC. 4
pex, a .n;JUI 4. 4 == 16 KBapTaJIOB.

nepeJIHBaHHH H oTMepHBaHH.H
12.12. MO)KHO JIM pa3JIMTb 50 JI 6eH3MHa no TpeM 6aKaM TaK, qTo6bI
B nepBoM 6aKe 6bIJIO Ha 60JIbrne,
10 JI qeM BO BTOpOM, a nOCJIe nepeJIM-
BaHM.H 26 JI M3 nepBoro 6aKa B TpeTMM B TpeTbeM 6aKe CTaJIO 6bI CTOJIbKO

)Ke 6eH3MHa, CKOJIbKO BO BTOpOM?

 12. .l(onOJIHI1TeJIbHbIe 3a,n;aQI1 59

12.13. ECTb nOJIHbIM Ky:BIlIMH MOJIOKa eMKocTblO 12 JIMTpOB M .n;Ba

nycTbIx Ky:BIlIMHa, eMKocTM KOTOpbIX COCTaBJIRIOT 8 JIMTpOB M 5 JIMTpOB.

KaK pa3.n;eJIMTb MOJIOKO Ha .n;Be qaCTM -

3 JI M 9 JI?
12.14. KaK C nOMOII.J;blO .n;BYX COCy.n;OB BMeCTMMOCTblO 3 JI M 7 JI Ha-

JIMTb B KaCTplOJIIO 5 JI?

12.15. l1MelOTcR .n;Boe neCOqHbIX qaCOB -

Ha 7 MMHyr M Ha 11 MM-

Hyr. RMQO BapMTcR 15 MMHyr. KaK oTMepMTb 3TO BpeMR npM nOMOII.J;M

MMelOII.J;MXCR qaCoB?
12.16. KaK npM nOMOII.J;M qallIeqHbIX BeCOB 6e3 rMpb pa3.n;eJIMTb 24 Kr

rBo3.n;eM Ha .n;Be qaCTM -

9 Kr M 15 Kr?
12.17. KIDK.ZJ;aH M3 .n;BYX BepeBoK ropMT HepaBHoMepHo, HO cropaeT POB-
HO 3a O.n;MH qac. KaK C nOMOII.J;blO 3TMX BepeBoK OTMepMTb pOBHO 45 MMH?

B3BellIHBaHHH

B 3aOallax am020 napa2pacjja Bee B3BeWUBaHllil npOU3BOO.R.me.R. Ha

llaWellHbLX Beeax 6e3 empeJlOK U 6e3 2Upb. IIpu maKOM B3BeWUBaHUU

MOJ1(HO mOJlbKO epaBHumb Bee npeOMemOB, nOJlOJ1CeHHbLX Ha llaWKU BeeOB:

Y3Hamb, llmo npeOMembL Bee.R.m OOUHaKOBO, lUlU BbLJl.eHUmb, Ha KaKOU

llaWKe BeeOB npeOMembL Jle21le.

12.18. TpM llIaJITaJI M 4 60JITaJI BMeCTe BeCRT CTOJIbKO :>Ke, CKOJIbKO

5 llIaJITaeB M 3 60JITa.H. KTO TR:>KeJIee: llIaJITaM MJIM 60JITaM?

12.19. 113 Tpex o.n;MHaKOBbIX no BM.n;y MOHeT o.n;Ha <l>aJIbIlIMBaJI, npM-
qeM OHa JIerqe HaCTORII.J;MX. 3a O.n;HO B3BelliMBaHMe onpe.n;eJIMTe, KaKaJI

M3 MOHeT <l>aJIbIlIMBaJI.
12.20. Cpe.n;M .n;eBRTM O,lJ;MHaKOBbIX no BM.n;Y MOHeT eCTb O,lJ;Ha <l>aJIb-
IlIMBaJI, KOTOpaJI JIerqe OCTaJIbHbIX. 3a ,lJ;Ba B3BelliMBaHMR HaM,lJ;MTe <l>aJIb-
IlIMB}'IO MOHeTY.
12.21. Cpe,lJ;M qeTbIpex MOHeT eCTb O,lJ;Ha <l>aJIbIlIMBa.H, OHa JIerqe Ha-

CTORII.J;MX. 3a .n;Ba B3BeIliMBaHM.H HaM,lJ;MTe <l>aJIbIlIMB}'IO MOHeTY.

12.22. Cpe,lJ;M 8 MOHeT eCTb O,lJ;Ha <l>aJIbIlIMBaJI, OHa JIerqe HaCTOR-

II.J;MX. 3a ,lJ;Ba B3BelliMBaHMR HaM.D;HTe <l>aJIbIlIMB}'IO MOHeTY.

12.23. Cpe.n;M qeTbIpex MOHeT eCTb O,lJ;Ha <l>aJIbIlIMBa.H, OTJIMqalOII.J;aJI-
CR no Becy OT HaCTORII.J;eM (oHa MO:>KeT 6bITb KaK JIerqe, TaK M TR:>KeJIee

HaCTORII.J;etf). 3a ,lJ;Ba B3BelliMBaHHR HaM.n;MTe <l>aJIbIlIMB}'IO MOHeTY.

nepenpaBhI
12.24. Tpoe TypMCTOB ,lJ;OJI:>KHbI nepe6paTbcR C o.n;Horo 6epera peKM
Ha ,lJ;pyrotf. B MX paCnOpR:>KeHMM CTapaJI JIo.n;Ka, KOTOpaJI MO:>KeT BbI,ZJ;ep-
:>KaTb HarpY3KY Bcero B 100 Kr. Bec o.n;Horo M3 TypMCTOB 45 Kr, BToporo-
60 12. OnOJIHI1TeJIbHbIe 3a,n;aQI1

50 Kr, TpeTbero
-

80 Kr. KaK ,n;OJDKHbI OHM ,n;eMCTBOBaTb, qT06bI rrepe-

6paTbCR Ha ,n;pyrOM 6eper?
12.25. nepeB03qMKy H)')KHO rreperrpaBMTb qepe3 peKY BOJIKa, K03Y
M KarryC'ry. B JIo,n;KY OH MO:>KeT B3RTb MJIM TOJIbKO BOJIKa, MJIM TOJIbKO K03Y,
MJIM TOJIbKO KarryC'ry. KpoMe Toro, Karrycry HeJIb3R OCTaBMTb 6e3 rrpMcMoT-
pa BMeCTe C K030M, a K03Y
-

C BOJIKOM. KaK ocyrn;ecTBMTb rreperrpaBY?

nOCJIeAOBaTeJIbHOCTb AeHcTBHH
B 3aOallQX am020 napa2paifJa mpe6yemc.R. npuoYMamb, KaKOBa OOJl:HC-
Ha 6bLmb nOCJleOOBameJlbHOCmb oeucmBuu, llm06bL o06UmbC.R. HY:HCH020
pe3YJlbmama. 3aoallu npo nepeJlUBaHWl, B3BeWUBaHWl U nepenpaBbL-
amo mO:HCe 3aOallU maK020 pooa.
12.26. Ha CTOJIe JIe:>KaT B pR,n; rrRTb MOHeT: cpe,n;IDIR
-

BBepx OpJIOM,
a OCTaJIbHbIe -

BBepx pellIKoM. Pa3pellIaeTcR o,n;HoBpeMeHHo rrepeBep-

H)'Tb TPM pR,n;OM JIe:>KaMe MOHeTbI. MO:>KHO JIM rrpM rrOMOM HeCKOJIb-

KMX TaKMX rrepeBOpaqMBaHMM Bce rrRTb MOHeT rrOJIO:>KMTb BBepx OpJIOM?

12.27. K llIeCTM 3arrepTbIM qeMo,n;aHaM eCTb llIeCTb KJIIOqeM, HO He113-

BeCTHO, K KaKoMY qeMo,n;aHY KaKoM KJIIOq rro,n;xo,n;MT. MO:>KHO JIM 3a 15 rro-

rrbITOK BbUICHMTb, KaKoM KJIlOq KaKoM qeMo,n;aH OTKpbIBaeT?

12.28. 12 KY3Heu;oB ,n;OJI:>KHbI rro,n;KOBaTb 15 JIOllIa,n;eM. Ka)KfJ;bIM KY3-
Heu; TpaTMT Ha O,n;HY rro,n;KoBY 5 MMH)'T. KaKoe HaMMeHbllIee BpeMJI OHM

,n;OJI:>KHbI rrOTpaTMTb Ha pa60TY? (YqTMTe, qTO JIOllIa,n;b He MO:>KeT CTORTb

Ha ,n;BYX Horax.)
12.29. C06PaJICH I1BaH-u;apeBWI Ha 60M co 3MeeM fOpbIHbJqeM, Tpex-
rJIaBbIM M TpexxBocTbIM.
-

BOT Te6e Meq-KJIa,n;eHeu;,

-

CKa3aJIa u;apeBMqy Ea6a-Rra. -

O,n;HMM
y,n;apOM TbI MO:>KellIb Cpy611Tb 3MelO JIM60 O,n;HY rOJIOBY, JIM60 ,n;Be rOJIOBbI,
JIM60 O,n;MH XBOCT, JIM60 ,n;Ba XBOCTa. 3arroMHM: Cpy6MllIb rOJIOBY
-

HOBaR

BbIpacTeT; Cpy6MllIb XBOCT -

,n;Ba HOBbIX BbIpacT)'T; Cpy6MllIb ,n;Ba XBO-

CTa -

rOJIOBa BbIpaCTeT; Cpy6MllIb ,n;Be rOJIOBbI -

HMqerO He BbIpaCTeT.
CMO:>KeT JIM I1BaH-u;apeBMq Cpy6MTb 3MelO fOPbIHbIqy Bce rOJIOBbI

M Bce XBOCTbI 3a 9 y,n;apoB?

12.30. Ha BOJIllIe6HOM R6JIOHe BbIpOCJIM 15 6aHaHoB M 20 arreJIbCMHOB.

O,n;HoBpeMeHHo pa3pellIaeTCH cpbIBaTb O,n;MH MJIM ,n;Ba IDIo,n;a. ECJIM COpBaTb

O,n;MH M3 IDIO,n;OB
-

BbIpacTeT TaKoM :>Ke, eCJIM COpBaTb cpa3Y ,n;Ba o,n;MHaKO-

BbIX IDIo,n;a
-

BbIpacTeT arreJIbCMH, a eCJIM ,n;Ba pa3HbIX

-

BbIpacTeT 6aHaH.
a) B KaKOM rropR,n;Ke Ha,n;o cpbIBaTb IDIO,n;bI, qTo6bI Ha R6JIOHe OCTaJICR

pOBHO O,n;MH I JIo,n;?

 12. OnOJIHI1TeJIbHbIe 3a,n;aQI1 61

6) MO:>KeTe JIM BbI orrpe,n;eJIMTb, KaKOM 3TO 6y,n;eT I JIO,n;?

B) MO:>KHO JIM CpbIBaTb IIJIO,n;bI TaK, qT06bI Ha R6JIOHe HMqerO He OCTa-

JIOCb?
12.31. B JIM<pTe 18-3TIDKHoro 3,n;aHlliI Bcero ,n;Be KHOrrKl1. npM HIDKa-

TMM rrepBoM KHOrrKl1 JIM<pT rro,n;HI1MaeTCR Ha 9 3TIDKeM, a rrpM HIDKaTMM

BTOPOM- orrycKaeTcR Ha 7 3TIDKeM. (ECJIM JIM<pT ,n;OJI:>KeH no,n;IDITbCR BbIllie

18-ro 3TIDKa MJIM orrycTMTbCR HM:>Ke rrepBoro 3TIDKa, TO OH He ,n;BMraeTCR.)

a) KaK C rrOMOblO TaKoro JIM<pTa rrorraCTh CO BToporo 3TIDKa Ha rrep-
BbIM?
6) KaK C rrOMOblO TaKoro JIM<pTa rrorraCTb C rrepBoro 3TIDKa Ha BTOpOM?

Ee3 TIOBTOpeHuH
12.32. 3arrOJIHMTe KJIeTKM KBa,n;paTHoM Ta6JIMIJ;bI co CTOpOHOM B

3 KJIeTKM qMCJIaMM 1, 2 M 3 TaK, qTo6bI B KIDKjJ;OM cTpoKe M B Ka)KfJ;OM

cToJI6IJ;e Ka)KfJ;Oe qMCJIO BCTpeqaJIOCb pOBHO O,n;MH pa3.
12.33. 3arrOJIHMTe KJIeTKl1 KBa,n;paTHoM Ta6JIMIJ;bI co CTOpOHOM B 4 KJIeT-

Kl1 qMCJIaMM 1, 2, 3 M 4 TaK, qTo6bI B Ka)KfJ;OM cTpoKe, B KIDK,n;OM cToJI6IJ;e

Ii Ha o6eMx ,n;MarOHaJUlX KIDK,n;Oe qMCJIO BCTpeqaJIOCb pOBHO O,n;MH pa3.

PaBeHCTBa U3 CTIUqeK

12.34. 113 CrrMqeK COCTaBJIeHbI HeBepHbIe paBeHCTBa. nepeJIO:>KI1Te

B Ka)KfJ;OM M3 HMX rro O,n;HOM CrrMqKe TaK, qTo6bI paBeHCTBa CTaJIM Bep-
HbIMM.

a)
V:=H+VH; 6)
XH + X:= ;
X:=VH H; VV X
===-

B) r) ===- ;

X+ X ; VV
===-

) ==: e) ===- ;

)I()
V + V :=
H.
12.35. 113 CrrMqeK COCTaBJIeHbI BepHbIe paBeHCTBa. nepeJIO:>KMTe B KIDK-

,n;OM M3 HMX rro O,n;HOM CrrMqKe TaK, qTo6bI rrOJIyqMJIMCb ,n;pyrMe BepHbIe pa-
BeHCTBa.

a)
V + V + V :=
X V H;
62 12. .lI;onOJIHMTeJIbHbIe 3atJ;a1.IM

6)
X V= V;
B)
X V= VIU H.
12.36. 113 CIIWIeK COCTaBJIeHbI BepHbIe paBeHCTBa. nepeJIO)KHTe B KIDK-

,n;OM H3 HHX IIO O,n;HOM CIIHQKe TaK, QT06bI IIOJIyqHJIHCb ,n;pyrHe BepHbIe
paBeHCTBa.

I-I I -I /1
c + I'
-

a) -
-

0
-I -I I
6)+==0'
B)
I -1-1-1 -
I
0- -1 -D'
 OTBeTbI

fJIaBa 1. HaT)'paJIbHbIe qUCJIa

1.1. 25. 1.2. 35. 1.3. 45. 1.4. 27. 1.5. 99999. 1.6. 962.
1.7. 1210 MJIM 2020. 1.8. 68. 1.9. a) 97531; 6) 20468.
1.10. eBOqKa. 1.11. 7o,n;HOKJIaCCHHIJ;. 1.12. CMO:>KeT.
1.13. I1x nopoBHY. 1.14. XBaTMT. 1.15. 8. 1.16. 6. 1.17. 4. 1.18. 18.
1.19. 24. 1.20. 503 Ta6JIeTKM. 1.21. 4 rnapMKa.
1.22. 4 6paTa M 3 CeCTpbI.
1.23. B JIeBOM KapMaHe 6 KOHcpeT, a B npaBoM 21. 1.24. 6.
1.26. 6 MaJIbqMKOB M 4 OCJIa. 1.27. BTOpHMK. 1.28. 18 c.

1.29. MO:>KeT. 1.30. 178, 27, 57, 590, 2345, 36, 467, 14.

fJIaBa 2. eHcTBuH C HaT)'paJIbHbIMU qUCJIaMU

2.1. 20 + 2000 ==
2020. 2.2. QMCJIa paBHbI. 2.3. 10 pa3. 2.4. 14.
5 5
2.5. 175: 5 ==
35. 2.6. 100000 ==
2 .5 ==
32.3125. 2.7. 19, 25 M 6.
2.8. 2. 2.9. 8. 2.10. 3 Kr. 2.11. O,n;Ha TpeTb. 2.12. O,n;HY TpeTb.
2.13. 2 PY6. 40 Kon. 2.14. B nepBoM 8, BO BTOpOM 32, B TpeTbeM 40.
2.15. B nepBoM 30 JI, BO BTOpOM 50 JI. 2.16. 16 ,n;OJIeK.
2.17. eBRTb ,n;eCRTbIX. 2.18. 6.
2.19.1+2+34+56+7==100 IUIM 1+23+4+5+67==100.
2.20.9+8+7+65+4+3+2+1==99 MJIM 9+8+7+6+5+43+21==99.
2.21. HanpMMep, 2.2 -

2 : 2 ==
5 -

5 : 5 -

5 : 5, MJIM 22 : 22 ==
55 : 5 -

5 -

5,
MJIM 2: 2 + 2 + 2 ==
5 + 5 -

5 + 5 -

5.
2.22. 7784, 854, 791, 161, 98, 35. 2.23. 1. (2 + 3) .4.5 ==
100.
2.24. a) (7. 9 + 12) : 3 -

2 ==
23; 6) (7. 9 + 12) : (3 2) -
==
75.
2.25. a) 33 + 3 + 3 : 3; 6) 333 : (3.3). 2.26. 5050. 2.27. 1222.
2.28. 100 r M 1800 r, 200 r M 1700 r, ..., 900 r M 1000 r, 1900 r.

+495
2.29. 2.30. 45. 2.31. 240. 2.32. 4 5 9
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7.
954

+8126 +6823 +85679

2.33. 8 1 2 6 . 2.34. 6 8 2 3 . 2.35. 8 5 6 7 9 .

16252 13646 171358

2.36. 6538. 2.37.9991 M 1999.
64 OmBembL

x
305 x
315 x
7243
4 1 4 1 2 9

2.38. +
305 I1JIM +
3 1 5. 2.39. +
65187.
1 2 2 0 1 2 6 0 14486

12505 1 2 9 1 5 210047

2.40. CM. pMC. 1. 2.41. CM., HarrpMMep, pMC. 2.

1 089 708 2
108
9 7
1 90809

9 6
108
108
o

PI1C. 1

2.42. PI1C. 2
CM., HarrpMMep, pMc.3.

PI1C. 3

2.43. a) CM., HarrpMMep, pMc.4; 6) CM., HarrpMMep, pMC. 5.

MJII1

PI1C. 4 PI1C. 5

5 9 1 2 9 4

2.44. 15. 2.45. 7 2 6 . 2.46. 7 5 3 . 2.47. HeJIb3R.

3 4 8 6 1 8
 OmBembL 65

16 3 2 13 16 2 3 13
1 8 3
5 10 11 8 5 11 10 8
2.48. 6 4 2 . 2.49. . 2.50.
9 6 7 12 9 7 6 12
5 0 7
4 15 14 1 4 14 15 1

rJIaBa 3. JIHBHH

3.2. CM. pMC. 6. 3.5. CM. pMC. 7. 3.6. CM. pMC. 8.

PMc.6

PMc.7 PMc.8

3.7. HeJIb3H. 3.8. CM. pMC. 9. 3.9. Ha O,l);HOM.

3.11. CM. pMc.10. 3.12. CM. pMc.11.

. .

. .

PMC. 10 PMC. 11
66 OmBembL

3.13. CM. pMc.12. 3.14. CM. pMC. 13.

PI1C. 13

PI1C. 12 /'\ L
3.15. B 3 pa3a.
3.17. CM. pMc.14. HOBbIe IIOJIO:>KeHM.H IIaJIOqeK BbI,ll;eJIe-
HbI IIOKa3aHbI PI1C. 14
:>KMpHbIM, CTapbIe IIYHKTMpOM.

3.18. CM. pMc.15. 3.19. CM. pMc.16.

,,'

,,/ " "

"

,,'
" "

"
""
" "
""

"/,, / "'" / "'" / "'" //

/,,/
/ ,,/ " "
PI1C. 16
PI1C. IS

3.20. CM. pMc.17. 3.21. CM. pMC. 18.

o
-

PI1C. 17
PI1C. 18
 OmBembL 67

3.26. HeT, He nOJIyqMTcR. 3.27. HeT. 3.28. HeJIb3R.

3.31. HeJIb3R. 3.32. MO:>KHO. 3.33. HeJIb3R.
3.32. CM. pMC. 19.

PHC. 19

3.34. CM. pMC. 20. 3.35. CM. pMC. 21. 3.36. CM. pMC. 22.

PHc.20 PHc.21
PHc.22

rJIaBa 4. TeKCTOBbIe 3aaqH

4.1. 11 JIbe, 29 JIbe, 21 JIbe MJIM 19 JIbe. 4.2. 2 q 30 MMH.

4.3. Ha 10 MMH. 4.4. Yepe3 15 MMH. 4.5. 5 q. 4.6. YeTBepTb IIyrM.

4.7. 72 M. 4.8. 3a 3,lJ;HR. 4.9. 14 KM. 4.10. 15 JIeT. 4.11. 14 JIeT.

4.12. 23 rO,lJ;a. 4.13. CbIHY 12 JIeT, a OTQY 36 JIeT.

4.14. BHyqKe 5 JIeT, 6a6yrnKe 60 JIeT. 4.15. MMllia cTapllIe.

4.16. 5 KOllieK. 4.17. 3a 2 MMH. 4.18. 20 606pOB.
4.19. )J;Be IIOJIeHHMQbI. 4.20. 3a 35 ,lJ;Hei1. 4.21. 400 r. 4.22. 200 PY6.
4.23. MaJIeHbKaR IITMQa CTOMT 10 py6., a 60JIbllIaR -

20 py6.
4.24. 13 py6. 4.25. 38 py6. 4.26. py6. 50 4.27. 5 eIDIT M 12 yrRT.
4.28. 4 KOIlIKM M 6 co6aK. 4.29. TpM Ta6ypeTKM M qeTbIpe cTYJIa.
68 OmBembl

4.30. Ha 20 rpM6oB. 4.31. 18 rpM6oB. 4.32. 6,n;eTeM.

4.33. Bce ,n;eHbrM H)')KHO OT,n;aTb BTOPOMY.
4.34. nepBoMY 3 KoneMKM, BTOPOMY 12. 4.35. 2 KapacH.
4.36. Y pbDKMX. 4.37. Cepe6pHHbIX MOHeT Ha 22 60JIbllIe.
4.38. pyrMx 6eJIbIX :>KMBOTHbIX 60JIbllIe KOllieK.

rJIaBa 5. MHoroyrOJlhHHKH
5.1. Ha 30°. 5.2. Ha 10°. 5.3. HeJIb3H. 5.6. MO:>KHO.
5.7. HeJIb3H. 5.8. 06H3aTeJIbHo.
5.9. a) CM. pMC. 23 a; 6) CM. pMC. 236; B) CM. pMC. 23 B.

a) 6) B)

Pl1c.23

5.10. CM. pl1c. 24. 5.11. CM. pl1C. 25. 5.12. CM. pl1c. 26.

Pl1c.25 Pl1c.26

PI1C. 24

5.13. CM. pl1c.27. 5.14. CM. pMc.28. 5.15. CM. pMc.29.

I
,
I
I
-+-- I ,

II
Pl1c.27
Pl1c.28 Pl1c.29
 OmBembL 69

5.17. CM. pMc.30. 5.19. CM. pMc.31.

-I I

PMc.31
PI1C. 30

5.20. MO:>KHo. CM. pMc.32. 5.22. CM. pMC. 33. 5.24. CM. pMC. 34.

Pl1c.33 PMc.34

Pl1c.32

5.25. CM. pMC. 35. 5.26. CM. pMC. 36.

Pl1c.35

PMC. 36
5.27. CM. pMC. 37. 5.28. CM. pMC. 38.

* * *

*
--
!
PMc.37 Pl1c.38
70 OmeembL

5.29. CM. pl1c.39. 5.30. CM. pHc.40. 5.31. CM. pHc.41.

PMc.40 PMC. 41
PMc.39

5.32. CM. pHC. 42. 5.33. CM. pHC. 43.

PMc.42

PMc.43

5.34. CM. pHc.44. Ha 3TOM pl1c)'HKe H306pa:>KeHbI OTpe3KI1 .n;JIHHbI 1. 113

Ka:>K.n;OH TOqKH BbIXO.n;HT TPH TaKHX OTpe3Ka.

PMc.44 PMc.45

5.35. MO:>KHO, HanpHMep, OTMeTHTb BepllIHHbI npaBI1JIbHOrO llIeCTH-

yrOJIbHHKa co CTOpOHOH 1 Hero QeHTp (pHC. 45) .

 OmeembL 71

fJIaBa 6. eJIUMOCTb HaTYPaJIbHbIX quceJI

6.1. He Moryr. 6.2. HeJIb3J1. 6.3. He MO:>KeT. 6.4. OIlIH6cJI.

6.5. IlJlTb .n;eBOqeK. 6.6. HeqeTHoe. 6.7. HeT, He MO:>KeT.

6.8. HeJIb3J1. 6.9. 5. 6.10. .l];eJIHTCJI. 6.12. III 3epHbIllieK.

6.14. 59040, 59940, 59544 H 59148. 6.15. 4104. 6.16. 3 opexa.
6.17. He MO:>KeT. 6.18. HeT. 6.19. MO:>KeT. 6.20. MO:>KeT.
6.21. .l];Be IIJIIOIliKH. 6.22. Ha O.n;HH. 6.23. 41.
6.24. 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48. 6.25. B nJlTHHQY B 16 q.

6.26. 10, 25 H 40. 6.27. Ha 4-M 3Ta:>Ke.

6.28. a)-B) Ey.n;eT; r) He Bcer.n;a. 6.29. .l];a, JI106yro. 6.30. 60.

6.31. MyKa B MelliKe BeCOM 31 Kr, COJIb B MelliKe BeCOM 36 Kr, B OCTaJIb-

HbIX MelliKax neCOK.

6.32. He MO:>KeT. 6.33. a) Ey.n;yr; 6) 6y.n;eT.

6.34. a) Ey.n;eT; 6) He 06J13aTeJIbHo.
6.35. KBa.n;paTbI npocTbIX qHCeJI.

6.36. 203 ==
29 .

7 1
. .
...
.
1 ==
29 + 7 + 1 + ... + 1 (e.n;HHHQbI BCTpeqalOTCJI
no 167 pa3).
6.37. 19 eHHKoB BHeCJIH no 2615 py6.
6.38. 5 Kopo6oK «ClIa.n;KoH MaTeMaTHKH» H 4 Kopo6KH «feoMeTpHH
C opeXaMH».
6.39. 30 MM. 6.40. HanpHMep, 71 H 72. 6.41. O.n;Ha pa6oTa.
6.42. 111.

fJIaBa 7. 06bIKHoBeHHbIe u CMemaHHbIe po6u

7.1. B 4 pa3a. 7.2. 19 M. 7.3. 7 JI. 7.4. 1 py6. 11 Kon. 7.5. 21.
5 111
7.6.
3; 6) 5; B) 7.
3a MHHyrbI. 7.7. 22 eHHKa. 7.8. a)
4
7 8 4 5 6 7 60 78 90 2
7.9. H 7.10. H 7.11. 7.12. < 7.13.
5' 6' 7 5.
. . . .

15 15 8 72 79 91
2
7.14. 437. 7.15. 7.16. TaK :>KHTb HeJIb3J1. 7.17. YcneJI.
3 nyrl1.
4
7.18. 3a c. 7.19. 135 M. 7.21. 1 H 2 Kr. 7.22. 18
127 JI.

1 1 1 99
7.23. MO:>KHO. 7.25. 56 + 7.27. 9 +
naKeTI1KOB.
7.26."2
==

3 "6. 9".
44 99
7.28. 44 + 7.29. 99 +
4.
.

99
175
7.30. Hanpl1Mep, + ==

"6 3 "2.
20 10 20
7.31. -
== . 7.32. 6 KM/q. 7.33. 32 ro.n;a. 7.34. 8 TeCTOB.
10 15 15
7.35. YMeHbllIHTCJI Ha 6. 7.37. 70.
72 OmeembL

rJIaBa 8. MHororpaHHHKH
8.1. a)-B) MO:>KeT, CM. pHc.46.
--

K
'-1
I'

-r--____
I I ----, x ,
'

)-- I
-- .

PMc.46

8.2. MO:>KeT, CM. pHc.47. 8.3. MO:>KHO. 8.4. MO:>KHO. 8.5. MO:>KeT.

PMc.47
8.6. MO:>KeT, CM. pl1c. 48. 8.7. CM. pHC. 49.

PMc.48 PMC. 49

8.8. Ha pHC. 50 H306pa:>KeHbI .n;Ba B03MO:>KHbIX TeJIa. 06a OHH nOJIyqeHbI

H3 nOJIOBHHbI Ky6a. 113 o.n;Horo nOJIOBHHa MeHbllIero Ky6a BbIpe3aHa,
K .n;pyrOMY npI1JIO:>KeHa.

PMc.50
 OmBembl 73

8.9. CM. pHC. 51. /

!

- i ;/
!
I
I I
-

I I
I
I

I
I
I

I
,
I
I
I/
.'
//----
i

--
J I
-
-

l
.... .... ....
....
/
.........' -
/

---------.

PIfC. 51

8.10. MO:>KHO, CM. pl1c. 52.

-
---

--------- --
---- --- -

BepXHMM CJIOM cpe.n;HMM CJIOM HM:>KHMM CJIOM

PIfc.52

8.12. CM. pHC. 53.

5

7 10

9 1 8

3 4 6 2

PMC. 53

8.13. CM. pHC. 54.

tTffli 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

dfb rrffD # ,
8 9 10 11

PIfC. 54
74 OmeembL

8.14. MO:>KHO. 8.15. a) 4; 6) 4.

8.16. IlepBbIM MO:>KHO, OCTaJIbHbIe HeJIb3.H.

8.17. CM. pHc.55. 8.19. 24 pe6pa 11 12 BepIlIHH.

8.21. MO:>KHO, CM. pHC. 56.

o
$

PI1C. 56
Pl1c.55

8.22. a)-B) He 3aB.H:>KeTC.H; r) H ,n;) 3aB.H:>KeTC.H.

8.23. a) H 6) He 3aQen.HTC.H.
8.24. MO:>KHO, CM. pHc.57.
8.25. Y,n;acTC.H.
8.26. a) O,n;Ha qaCTb; 6) Ha nOJIHbIM 060pOT. (<1>H-
rypbI, nOJIyqeHHbIe nepeKpyqHBaHHeM nOJIOCKH

Ha QeJIoe qHCJIO 060POTOB, ,n;BYCTopOHHHe, B OT-

JIl1qHe OT <pHryp, nOJIyqeHHbIx nepeKpyqHBaHH-

eM nOJIOCKH Ha nOJIyrJ;eJIoe qHCJIO 060pOTOB.)
8.27. a) .l];Be qaCTI1; 6) 6y,n;yr 3aQenJIeHbI.
Pl1c.57
8.28. ECJIH n qeTHO, TO qaCTeM, a eCJIH n HeqeT-
n+l ....

HO, TO qaCTeH.

8.29. HeT, He H3MeHHTC.H.

rJIaBa 9. OnOJIHHTeJIbHbIe TeKCTOBbIe 3aAa'IH

9.1. 30 Kr.

9.2. BMeCTe 180 Kr, KOJI.H -

40 Kr, MaMa -

60 Kr, nana -

80 Kr.

9.3. 1 Kr. 9.4. 6 pa3. 9.5. IlpaB Bac.H. 9.6. Ha 13. 9.7. 11.
9.8. 20 MHH. 9.9. 6 6peBeH. 9.10. 120. 9.11. 3. 9.12. 22.
9.13. a) 11; 6) 11. 9.14. 26. 9.15. 8. 9.16. 45. 9.17. 3 KycTa.
9.18. 10. 9.19. 10 qeJIOBeK.
 OmBembl 75

rJlaBa 10. lIJIo:rn;aAb U 06'beM

10.2. 21. 10.3. 40. 10.4. HeJIb3.H. 10.5. 22. 10.7. 9 M.

mn 2 2
10.8. 3aKpbITa.H qaCTb 6 OJIblIle. 10.9. CM. 10.10. 8 CM.
2
2 1 2 1 2
10.11. 12 CM. 10.12. 4 CM. 10.13. 2 CM. 10.14. 240.
2 2
2 2
10.15. 10 KM. 10.16. Ha OHY. 10.17. 1728. 10.18.42 CM MJIH 54 CM .

rJlaBa 11. JIorU'IeCKUe 3aAa'IU

11.1. B nepBoM caxap, 80 BTOpOM Kpyna, B TpeTbeM BepMHlIleJIb.

11.2. B 3eJIeHoM. 11.4. .D;.He <I>eopy 11 JIeT. 11.5. .D;06PbIH.H.
11.6. fappl1. 11.7. I1ropb. 11.8. 2. 11.9. TypHCT. 11.10. PbIQapeM.
11.11. JII060M Bonpoc, Ha KOTOpbIM 060l1M 113BeCTeH npaBl1JIbHbIM OTBeT.

HanpHMep, «CeMqaC l1eT rpa?»

11.12. «TbI Bcera rOBOpl11I1b npaBY?»
11.13. «51 Te6.H CerOH.H 0 qeM-HI16Yb cnpalIlHBaJI?»
11.14. IleT.H -

JI:>KeQ, <I>e.H -

pbIQapb. 11.15. OI1H. 11.16. JI:>KeQ.

11.17. OHH. 11.18. 5. 11.21. .D;a, MO:>KeT. 11.22. l I1ap.
11.23. EeJIOB pbI:>KI1M, qepHoB -

6JIOH,ZJ;I1H, a PbI:>KOB -

6p1OHeT.
11.24. Ha fMe 3eJIeHOe, Ha KaTe rOJIY60e, Ha Ace 6eJIoe, Ha HI1He p030Boe.
11.25. y Ha11 TycpJI1111 MaTbe CHHero QBeTa; Y BaJII1 TycpJIH 6eJIbIe, nJIa-

Tbe KpacHoe; Y MalIll1 TycpJII1 KpacHbIe, nJIaTbe 6eJIoe.

11.26. C06aKa, KOlIlKa, nonyraM I1JII1 Ba TapaKaHa. 11.27. 2 H 4.

rJIaBa 12. OnOJlHUTeJlbHbIe 3aAa'IU

12.1. 3. 12.2. 14. 12.3. 4. 12.4. 31. 12.5. 11 6eJIbIX H 9 qepHbIx.

12.6. 6. 12.7. 6. 12.8. 24. 12.9. 8.
12.10. a) 90 cnoc06aMH; 6) 45 cnoc06aMH. 12.11. a) 6; 6) 70.
12.12. HeJIb3.H. 12.18. EOJITaM. 12.26. MO:>KHO. 12.27. MO:>KHO.
12.28. 25 MI1Hyr. 12.29. CMO:>KeT. 12.30. 6) EaHaH; B) HeJIb3.H.

I 1 2 3 4

I 1 2 3

12.32. 3 1 2 . 12.33. I 3 4 1 2

2 3 1 I 4 3 2 1

I 2 1 4 3

12.34. a)
X ==
I + V HI;
6)XH IX== HI;
76 OmeembL

B)
X VI I I;
r)
VI+ V ==
XI rnm
V + VI ==
X I;
)XI X ==
I;
e)IV==VlrnmVIV== I;
)K)
I V == I + V I.
12.35. a)
V + VII + VI == X VIII;
6)IX V==IV;
B)
X I V I == V I I.
I-I I -I /1.
+
-

12.36. a) -
-
'

0 T- 1_ 1
- -

6) , _1__1-,. I
_I _I -IT-'
B)
I -1-1-1 -
1- HJIH
.

-1--1 - 1--I-CI
I -1-1-1 -
1-
1 -1--1
- - 1--1--1" _
 PellIeHMH

rJlaBa 1. HarypaJlbHbIe QHCJla

1.1. nOCJIe.n;IDI.H QHcppa He H3MeIDIeTC.H npH YMHO:>KeHMM Ha 5, n03TO-

MY OHa paBHa 0 MJII1 5. CJIe.n;oBaTeJIbHO, MCKOMoe qHCJIO paBHo JIM60

O. 5 ==
0 (HO 3TO qHCJIO He HaTypaJIbHoe), JIM60 5 .
5 ==
25.
1.2. IIepBbLu cnoco6. HeCJIo:>KHo npoBepMTb, qTO eCJIM nOCJIe.n;mrn QMcp-
pa He M3MeIDIeTC.H npH YMHO:>KeHHH Ha 7, TO OHa 0 MJIM 5.
n03TOMY HC-

KOMoe qHCJIO paBHo JIH60 0 .

7 ==
0 (HO 3TO qMCJIO He .n;BY3HaqHoe), JIH60
7.5==35.
Bmopou cnoco6. ECJIH lOa + b ==
7b, TO lOa == 6b. n03TOMY a ==
3
M b ==
5.
1.3. IIepBbLu cnoco6. qHCJIO .n;eJIHTC.H Ha 5, n03ToMY nOCJIe.n;IDI.H QHcp-
pa paBHa 0 MJIH 5. HYJIeM nOCJIe.n;IDI.H QHcppa 6bITb He MO:>KeT. ECJIH

10a+5==5(a+5), TO 5a==20 M a==4.

Bmopou cnoco6. ECJIH lOa + b ==

5a + 5b, TO 5a ==
4b, n03TOMY a ==
4
M b ==
5.
1.4. ECJIH lOa + b ==
3a + 3b, TO 7a ==
2b, n03TOMY a ==
2 H b ==
7.
1.5. ECJIH 6bI B 611JIeTe 6bIJIH XOT.H 6bI .n;Be pa3JIHqHbIe QHcpPbI, TO HX

MO:>KHO 6bIJIO 6bI nOMeH.HTb MeCTaMH H coce.n; He CMor 6bI HaBepIDIKa

peIIIMTb 3a.n;aqy. ECJIH )l(e Bce QHcpPbI paBHbI, HO MeHbIIIe 9, Bcer.n;a eCTb

B03MO:>KHOCTb O.n;HY QI1CPPY YBeJIHqHTb Ha 1, .n;pyryIO YMeHbIIIHTb, T. e.

MMeeTC.H .n;onOJIHHTeJIbHbIM BapHaHT peIIIeHH.H. 11 TOJIbKO B cJIyqae, KO-

r.n;a coce.n;y 45 JIeT 11 HOMep 6MJIeTa paBeH 99999, peIIIeHHe nOJIyqaeTC.H

e.n;MHCTBeHHbIM.
1.6. Tpe6yeMbIM CBOHCTBOM 06JIa.n;a1OT qHCJIa OT 1 .n;o 62 M OT 100
.n;o 999.
1.8. nepBa.H QHpa IlOJIyqeHHoro qMCJIa He MO:>KeT 6bITb 60JIbIIIe 6,
nOCJIe.n;IDI.H
-

60JIbIIIe 8. 003TOMY qHCJIO, KOTopoe 60JIbIIIe 68, nOJIyqMTb

HeJIb3.H.

1.10. IIepBbLu cnoco6. ECJIH y cTapIIIero pe6eHKa 6paTbeB 60JIbIIIe, qeM

y MJIaJ];IIIero, TO CTapIIIHM pe6eHOK -

.n;eBOqKa (a MJla.n;IIIMM -

MaJIbqMK).
Bmopou cnoco6. B ceMbe 4 6paTa H 3 CeCTpbI. n03TOMY pe6eHoK,
y KOToporo 4 6paTa H 2 cecTpbI, -

.n;eBOqKa.
78 PeweHU5l

1.11. Y KOJIH o.n;HOKJIaCCHHKOB Ha 7 60JIbIIIe, qeM o.n;HOKJIaCCHHQ, no-

3TOMY MaJIbqHKOB B KJIacce Ha 8 60JIbIIIe, qeM .n;eBOqeK. KpoMe Toro, HX

B .n;Ba pa3a 60JIbIIIe, qeM .n;eBOqeK. Ilo3ToMY MaJIbqHKOB 16, a .n;eBOqeK 8.

1.12. 113 YCJIOBI1.H CJIe.n;yeT, qTO B n.HTH 60JIbIIII1X 60qOHKaX nOMeIJJ;a-
eTC.H CTOJIbKO :>Ke Me.n;a, CKOJIbKO 11 B .n;eB.HTI1 MaJIeHbKHX. TaKHM o6pa-
30M, BHHHH-Ilyxy.n;ocTaToqHO nepeJII1Tb Me.n; H3 n.HTH 60JIbIIIHX 60qOH-
KOB B .n;eB.HTb MaJIeHbKI1X.

1.13. Bcero 6ocoHorHx .n;eTeM CTOJIbKO, CKOJIbKO 6ocoHorl1x MaJIbqH-

KOB H 6ocoHorHx .n;eBOqeK BMeCTe. Bcero .n;eBOqeK CTOJIbKO, CKOJIbKO o6y-

TbIX .n;eBOqeK H 6ocoHorHx .n;eBOqeK BMeCTe. EocoHorl1x MaJIbql1KOB CTOJIb-

KO :>Ke, CKOJIbKO 06yrbIX .n;eBOqeK. K 3TI1M paBHbIM ql1CJIaM np116aBJUleTC.H

qHCJIO 6ocoHorl1x .n;eBOqeK, H B pe3YJIbTaTe nOJIyqaIOTC.H paBHbIe qHCJIa.

1.14. a.n;HM BceM .n;eT.HM no O.n;HOM IIIOKOJIa.n;Ke. 113 YCJIOBI1.H CJIe.n;yeT,

qTO .n;o6aBHTb no O.n;HOM IIIOKOJIa.n;Ke MaJIbql1KaM MO:>KHO, a .n;eBOqKaM
HeJIb3.H. Ilo3TOMY .n;eBOqeK 60JIbIIIe, qeM MaJIbqHKOB. 06aBI1M MaJIbqH-

KaM no III 0 KOJI a.n;Ke ; no YCJIOBHIO IIIOKOJIa.n;OK .n;JI.H 3Toro XBaTI1T. Tenepb
oT6epeM Bce IIIOKOJIa.n;KI1 y .n;eBOqeK. eBOqeK 60JIbIIIe, qeM MaJIbqHKOB,
n03TOMY oTo6paHHbIX IIIOKOJIa.n;OK XBaTI1T Ha TO, qTo6bI .n;aTb Ka)K,lJ;OMY
MaJIbqHKY TpeTblO IIIOKOJIa.n;KY.
1.15. qeM 60JIbIIIe cpJIa:>KKOB cnpaBa OT nepBOKJIaCCHI1Ka, TeM «JIeBee»

ero MeCTO B IIIepeHre. CnpaBa OT MaKCI1Ma KTO-TO CTOHT (HHaqe cnpaBa

OT Hero He 6bIJIO 6bI cpJIa:>KKoB). Ho Bce, KpoMe aIIIH, HaBepH.HKa CTO.HT

JIeBee MaKcHMa. 3HaqHT, cnpaBa OT MaKcHMa CTOI1T aIIIa 11 .n;ep:>KHT

8 cpJIa:>KKoB.
1.16. Ha nepBoe MeCTO MO:>KHO nOCTaBHTb JII06yro 113 Tpex QHcpp,
Ha BTopoe
-

JII06yro H3 .n;BYX OCTaBIIIHXC.H, a Ha TpeTbe

-

nOCJIe.n;HIOIO

OCTaBIIIyroC.H QHcpPY. TaKHM 06pa30M, Bcero nOJIyqaeTC.H 3 .

2 ==
6 qHCeJI.

1.17. Ha nepBoe MeCTO MO:>KHO nOCTaBI1Tb JII06yro 113 QI1CPP 2 H 5,

Ha BTopoe
-

JII06yro H3 .n;BYX OCTaBIIII1XC.H, a Ha TpeTbe

-

nOCJIe.n;HIOIO

oCTaBIIIyroC.H QHcpPY. TaKHM o6pa30M, Bcero nOJIyqaeTC.H 2 .

2 ==
4 qHCJIa.

1.18. Ha nepBoe MeCTO MO:>KHO nOCTaBI1Tb JII06yro H3 Tpex QHcpp 2,

5 H 7, Ha BTopoe
-

JII06yro H3 Tpex OCTaBIIIHXC.H, a Ha TpeTbe

-

JII06yro
H3 .n;BYX OCTaBIIIHXC.H. TaKHM o6pa30M, Bcero nOJIyqaeTC.H 3 .
3 .2== 18
qHCeJI.

1.19. Bcero nOJIyqaeTC.H 4.3.2 ==

24 qHCJIa.

1.20. 3a6epeM O.n;HY Ta6JIeTKY Y Hocopora, .n;Be Y 6ereMoTa 11 TPH

Y CJIOHa. Tenepb Y Bcex 3BepeM Ta6JIeTOK nopoBHY. MbI 3a6paJII1 Ta6-
JIeTOK, n03ToMY Bcero HX OCTaJIOCb 2000, a Y Ka)K,lJ;OrO no 500. Y CJIOHa

3a6paJII1 3 Ta6JIeTKH, T. e. Ai1:6oJIHT npOnHCaJI CJIOHY 503 Ta6JIeTKH.

 PeweHWl 79

1.21. .l];a.n;HM Mallie .n;Ba llIapl1Ka. Tor.n;a Y Hee CTaHeT CTOJIbKO llIapH-
KOB, CKOJIbKO Y .l];aIlIH. Y CallIl1 O.n;HH llIapl1K 3a6epeM. Tor.n;a Y Ka)K.ZJ;O-
ro CTaHeT CTOJIbKO )Ke llIapHKoB, CKOJIbKO Y .l];al Il1. Bcero Y HI1X CTaJIO

11 + 2 -

1 ==
12 llIapHKoB, n03ToMY y.l];allIH 4 llIapHKa.
1.22. IIepBbLu cnoco6. .l];o6aBHM o.n;Hy cecTpy. Tor.n;a cecTep 11 6paTbeB
CTaHeT nopoBHY. A eCJIH Tenepb y6paTb .n;BYX ceCTep, TO 6paTbeB OCTa-

HeTC.H B.n;Boe 60JIbllIe, qeM ceCTep. n03TOMY .n;Be ceCTpbI

-

3TO CTOJIbKO

)Ke qeJIOBeK, CKOJIbKO nOJIOBI1Ha 6paTbeB, 3HaqHT, 6paTbeB qeTBepo.

Bmopou cnoco6. Y ceerpbI B.n;Boe MeHbllIe ceCTep, qeM 6paTbeB. nYCTb
K Ka)K.ZJ;OM H3 ee ceCTep no.n;OM.n;yr .n;Ba 6paTa. nOJIyqHTC.H HeCKOJIbKO TpO-
eK 11 eru;e o.n;Ha ceCTpa. nYCTb OT Ka)K.ZJ;OM H3 3TI1X TpoeK OTOM.n;eT O.n;HH 113

6paTbeB. ECJIH O.n;HH H3 HHX no.n;OM.n;eT K O.n;HHOKOM ceCTpe, TO OCTaHeTC.H

TOJIbKO O.n;HH 6paT, nOCKOJIbKY 6paTbeB Ha o.n;Horo 60JIbllIe, qeM ceCTep.

n03TOMY TpoeK .n;Be, T. e. B ceMbe 4 6paTa H 3 CeCTpbI.

Tpemuu cnoco6. nYCTb B ceMbe n 6paTbeB 11 m cecTep. Tor.n;a n

-

1 == m

H n ==
2(m -1). n03TOMY m + 1 ==
2m -

2, T. e. m == 3.
1.23. IIepBbLu cnoco6. OOCJIe nepeKJIa.n;bIBaHH.H 3a6epeM 3 KOHcpeTbI
H3 npaBoro KapMaHa. Tenepb B 060HX KapMaHax KOHcpeT nopoBHY, T. e.

no (27 -

3) : 2 == 12. .l];o nepeKJIa.n;bIBaHI1.H B JIeBOM KapMaHe I1X 6 bill 0

B.n;Boe MeHbllIe, T. e. 12: 2 ==

6 KOHcpeT.
Bmopou cnoco6. nOCJIe nepeKJIa.n;bIBaHH.H KOJIHqeCTBO KOHcpeT B JIe-

BOM KapMaHe y.n;BOHJIOCb, a KOJIHqeCTBO KOHcpeT B npaBOM KapMaHe CTa-

JIO paBHO y.n;BoeHHOMY KOJIHqeCTBY KOHcpeT 113 JIeBOrO KapMaHa H eru;e 3.

Cne.n;oBaTeJIbHO, o6ee KOJIHqeCTBO KOHcpeT y He3HaMKH paBHo yqeTBe-
peHHoMY KOHcpeT,
KOJIHqeCTBY
KOTopbIe nepBOHaqaJIbHO JIe)KaJIH B JIe-

BOM KapMaHe, H ee 3 KOHcpeTbI. 3HaqHT, B JIeBOM KapMaHe nepBoHa-

qaJIbHO 6billO (27 3) : 4 6 KOHcpeT. -
==

1.24. B ceMbe 5 6paTbeB H o.n;Ha cecTpa.

1.25. OTMeTI1M O.n;HO qI1CJIO. Cpe.n;H .n;BYX OCTaBIlIHXC.H qHCeJI JIH60
eCTb ql1CJIO TaKoH )l(e qeTHOCTH (Tor.n;a cYMMa ero 11 OTMeqeHHOrO qHC-

JIa qeTHa), JII160 qHCeJI TaKoM qeTHOCTH HeT (Tor.n;a OCTaBllIl1eC.H qHCJIa

O.n;HOM qeTHOCTH 11 I1X cYMMa qeTHa).

1.26. npe.n;cTaBHM, qTO MaJIbqHKI1 CI1.n;eJIH Ha OCJIax no .n;Boe, a 3aTeM

C Ka)K.ZJ;OrO H3 3THX OCJIOB O.n;HH MaJIbqHK CJIe3. O.n;I1H 113 Tex, KTO CJIe3, C.H-

.n;eT Ha OCJIa 6e3 ce.n;OKa, 11 OCTaHeTC.H .n;Boe MaJIbqHKOB, KOTOpbIM OCJIOB

He XBaTI1JIO. n03TOMY CJIe3JIO TPH MaJIbqHKa, a Bcero MaJIbql1KOB 6. OHH

CH.n;eJII1 Ha Tpex OCJIax, n03TOMY OCJIOB 4.
1.27. ECJII11, 2 I1JIH 3 .HHBap.H -

nOHe.n;eJIbHI1K I1JIH n.HTHI1Qa, TO 29, 30

I1JIH 31.HHBap.H n.HTa.H -

n.HTHHQa I1JIH n.HTbIM nOHe.n;eJIbHHK B 3TOM MeC.H-

80 PeweHUR

Qe. n03TOMY 1, 2 11 3 .HHBap.H ,n;OJDKHbI 6bITb COOTBeTCTBeHHO BTOpHI1KOM,

cpe,n;oM 11 qeTBeproM.
1.28. YacbI o,n;HoBpeMeHHo 6blOT qepe3 KIDK.n;bIe 6 C rrocJle Haqa.na,
rrOKa He 3aKOHqaT. Me)K.lJ;Y o,n;HOBpeMeHHbIMI1 y,n;apaMI1 OHI1 Tpl1)K.lJ;bI
6blOT rrop03Hb. Ha 18-M ceK)'H,lJ;e 6y,n;eT 4-M o,n;HOBpeMeHHbIM y,n;ap, 11 ern;e
9 pa3 qaCbI rrpo6blOT rropo3Hb.
1.29. ECJlI1 B 6y,n;eM ro,n;y KOJle I1CrrOJlHI1TC.H 13 JleT, 3Haq11T, B HbI-

HeIIIHeM eMY 12, a B rrpOI.IIJIOM ro,n;y 6bIJIO 11 JleT. Ho rrocKoJlbKY rr03a-

BQepa KOJle 6bIJIO 10, TO e,n;I1HCTBeHHbIM ,n;eHb, Kor,n;a eMY MOrJlO ycrreTb
I1CrrOJlHI1TbC.H 11 (B rrpOI.IIJIOM ro,n;y), -

3TO BQepa, a I1MeHHO 31,n;eKa6p.H.

3HaQI1T, cero,n;H.H 1 .HHBap.H, 11 31 ,n;eKa6p.H 3Toro ro,n;a KOJle I1CrrOJlHI1TC.H

12 JleT, a B 6y,n;eM ro,n;y 13.

1.30. Coce,n;HI1MI1 C QI1CJlOM 36 Moryr 6bITb TOJlbKO 467 11 2345, a co-

ce,n;HI1MI1 C QI1CJlOM 590 Moryr 6bITb TOJlbKO 5711 2345. n03ToMy,n;oJl:>KeH

6bITb yqacToK 57, 590, 2345, 36, 467 (11JI11 B o6paTHoM rrOp.H,n;Ke). npl1-
CTaBI1Tb K HeMY QI1CJla 14, 27 11 178 )')Ke HeCJlO:>KHO: Me)K.lJ;y,n;B)'M.H 113

3TI1X Ql1ceJl MO:>KeT CTO.HTb TOJlbKO 178.

fJIaBa 2. eHcTBHH C HarypaJIhHhIMU qUCJIaMU

2.1. ECJlI1 113 C)'MMbI ,n;BYX Ql1ceJl BbIQeCTb O,n;HO 113 CJlaraeMbIX, TO rro-

JlyqI1TC.H ,n;pyroe CJlaraeMoe. 113 YCJlOBI1.H CJle,n;yeT, QTO BTopoe CJlaraeMOe

paBHo 2000, a rrepBoe paBHo 20.

2.2. 06a QI1CJla paBHbI 101.1001.999.
2.3. K 9 Hy-:>KHO HeCKOJlbKO pa3 rrpl16aBI1Tb 99 11 rroJlyql1Tb 999. 3TO
KOJlI1QeCTBO pa3 paBHO (999 -

9) : 99 ==
990: 99 ==
10.
2.4. C)'MMa BbIQI1TaeMOro 11 pa3HOCTI1 paBHa )'MeHbIllaeMoMY, rr03TO-

MY C)'MMa )'MeHbllIaeMoro, BbIQI1TaeMOro 11 pa3HOCTI1 paBHa y,n;BoeHHO-

MY YMeHbIllaeMoMY.
2.5. YaCTHoe B lliITb pa3 MeHbllIe ,n;eJII1MOrO, rro3ToMY ,n;eJIl1TeJIb pa-
BeH 5. YacTHoe B ceMb pa3 60JlbIlle ,n;eJII1TeJI.H, rro3ToMY OHO paBHo 5.7 ==
35.
2.8. nOJlOBI1Ha OT rrOJlOBI1HbI -

3TO QeTBepTb. ECJlI1 QeTBepTb ,n;aHHO-

ro QI1CJla paBHa rrOJlOBI1He, TO caMO QI1CJlO paBHo 2.
2.9. 4 rn;YKI1 COCTaBJl.HIOT rroJloBI1HY YJloBa.
2.10. 2 Kr COCTaBJl.HIOT ,n;Be TpeTI1 Beca Kl1prrl1Qa.
2.11. OCTaJlOCb ern;e ,n;Be TaKl1e :>Ke QaCTI1. Bcero B cyrKax Tpl1 TaKl1e

:>Ke QaCTI1.

2.12. nacca:>Kl1py OCTaBaJlOCb rrpoexaTb ,n;Be TpeTI1 rryrl1. Kor,n;a OH

rrpocHYJlC.H, eMY OCTaBaJlaCb rrOJlOBI1Ha 3Toro paCCTO.HHM.H, T. e. o,n;Ha

 PeweHUR 81

TpeTb rryrl1. 11 ern;e TpeTb rryrl1 OH rrpOeXaJI /1.0 TOrO, KaK 3aCHYJI. Ha

BpeM.H CHa OCTaeTC.H TpeTb.H TpeTb.

2.13. no YCJIOBI1IO KOH<peT BToporo copTa B rrOJITOpa pa3a 60JIbllIe,
qeM KOH<peT rrepBoro copTa. CMelliaB 2 <PYHTa KOH<peT rrepBoro copTa
11 3 <PYHTa KOH<peT BToporo, rrOJIyql1M 5 <PYHTOB KOH<peT CTOI1MOCTblO

3 2 + 2 3
.
12 Py6JIeM.
.
==

2.14. ECJII1 B rrepBoM Kop06Ke O/1.Ha qaCTb KapaH,ZJ;allIeM, TO

O BTOpOM
4 qaCTI1, a B TpeTbeM 5. Bcero rrOJIyqaeTC.H 10 qaCTeM. n03TOMY O/1.Ha
qaCTb 3TO -

80: 10 8 KapaH,ZJ;allIeM. ==

2.15. nOCJIe rrepeJII1BaHI1.H B rrepBOM 60qKe O/1.Ha qaCTb, BO BTOpOM

Tpl1 qaCTI1. Bcero 4 qaCTI1, 11 OHI1 COCTaBJI.HIOT rrpe:>KHl1e 80 JI. n03TOMY

B rrepBoM 60qKe 20 JI, a BO BTOpOM 60 JI. o rrepeJII1BaHI1.H B rrepBoM
60qKe 6bIJIO 30 JI, a BO BTOpOM 50 JI.

2.16. n pl1MeM KOJIl1qeCTBO /1.0JIeK arreJIbCI1Ha, KOTopbIe /1.0CTaJII1Cb

YI1:>KY, 3a O/1.HY qaCTb, TOr/1.a E:>KY /1.0CTaJIOCb /1.Be QaCTI1, a E06py -

rr.HTb

QaCTeM. E06py /1.0CTaJIOCb Ha 4 QaCTI1 60JIbllIe, QeM YI1:>KY, QTO COCTaBJI.H-

eT 8 /1.0JIeK. C7Ie/1.0BaTeJIbHO, O.l];Ha QaCTb -

3TO 2 /1.0JIbKI1. TaK KaK Bcero

QaCTeM 8, TO /1.0JIeK 16.

2.17. TaK KaK MaJIbIIli 11 KapJICOH C'beJII1 rreQeHb.H rropoBHY, a KapJICOH
eCT B Tpl1 pa3a 6bICTpee, TO MaJIbIIlIY Ha rrOe/1.aHl1e rreQeHb.H Hy-:>KHO 6bIJIO
B Tpl1 pa3a 60JIbllIe BpeMeHI1, QeM KapJICoHY. nOCKOJIbKY OHI1 HaQaJII1

11 3aKOHQl1JII1 O/1.HOBpeMeHHO, TO KapJICOH eJI BapeHbe CTOJIbKO :>Ke Bpe-

MeHI1, CKOJIbKO MaJIbIIli eJI rreQeHbe (11 Ha060pOT). 3HaQI1T, KapJICOH eJI

BapeHbe B Tpl1 pa3a /1.0JIbllIe, QeM ero eJI MaJIbIIlI, 11 B Tpl1 pa3a 6bICTpee,
rr03TOMY OH C'beJI BapeHb.H B 9 pa3 60JIbllIe, QeM MaJIbIIli.
2.18. KapaH,ZJ;allIeM Bcero 20, a CI1Hl1e 11 3eJIeHbIe BMeCTe COCTaBJI.H-

lOT 7 QaCTeM. n03TOMY CI1HI1X /1.0JI:>KHO 6bITb 6 I1JII1 12. Tor/1.a 3eJIeHbIX
11 KpacHbIx COOTBeTCTBeHHO 6Y/1.eT 111 13 I1JII1 2 11 6. no YCJIOBI1IO Kpac-
HbIX MeHbllIe, QeM CI1HI1X, rr03ToMY rrepBbIM Bapl1aHT HeB03MO:>KeH.

2.22. OT rrepecTaHOBKI1 CJIaraeMbIX C)'MMa He 113MeIDIeTC.H, rr03TOMY

MO:>KHO CQI1TaTb, QTO CJIaraeMbIe pacrrOJIO:>KeHbI B rrop.H/1.Ke y6bIBaHI1.H.
n.HTb QI1<PP MO:>KHO pa3611Tb Ha CJIe/1.)'IOrn;l1e rpyrrrrbI:

4 + 1 (7777 + 7 ==
7784),
3+2 (777+77 ==
854),
3 + 1 + 1 (777 + 7 + 7 ==
791),
2+2+1 (77+77+7== 161),
2 + 1 + 1 + 1 (77 + 7 + 7 + 7 ==
98),
1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 (7 + 7 + 7 + 7 + 7 ==
35).
82 PeweHUfl

2.26. IIepBbLu cnoco6.

1 +2+3 + ... + 100 ==

(1 + 100) + (2+99) + ... + (50+51) ==
50.101.

Bmopou cnoco6. CrrO:>KI1Te rrOq;yeHHO 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + 100 11 100 +

+ 99 + 98 + .. . + 1.
2.27. IIepBbLu cnoco6.

3+4+5... +49 ==
(3+49) + (4+48) + ...+ (25+27) +26 ==

==
52 .

23 + 26.

Bmopou cnoco6. CrrO:>KI1Te rrOq;yeHHO 3 + 4 + 5... + 49 11 49 + 48 +

+47+...+3.
2.28. 06lQaH Macca pbI6 paBHa ((100 + 1900) .19) : 2 ==
19000 r.

n03TOMY Ka)K.lJ;OMY pbI6aKY .n;OJl:>KHO .n;OCTaTbC.H 1900 r.

2.29. PaCCMOTpl1M 6 caMbIX MaJleHbKI1X HaTypaJlbHbIX ql1ceJl: 1, 2, ...

...,
6. I1x c)'MMa paBHa 21. n03TOMY I1Cxo.n;Hoe paBeHcTBo 6y.n;eT BbIrrOJl-

WlTbC.H, eCJlI1 O.n;HO 113 ql1CeJl YBeJll1ql1Tb Ha 1. Ho eCJlI1 YBeJll1ql1Tb O.n;HO

113 QI1CeJl OT 1 .n;o 5, TO cpe.n;11 QI1CeJl OKIDKeTC.H .n;Ba paBHbIX. n03TOMY
H)l)KHO YBeJlI1QI1Tb rrOCJle.n;Hee QI1CJlO, T. e. BMeCTO 6 B3.HTb 7. B pe3YJlbTa-
Te rroJlyqaeM I1CKOMbIM Ha6op: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7.
2.30. JI.H QI1<PPbI e.n;I1HI1Q 0 QI1<ppa .n;eC.HTKOB rrpl1HI1MaeT 9 3HaQeHI1M
(OT 1 .n;o 9), .n;JI.H QI1<PPbI e.n;I1HI1Q 1 -

8 3HaQeHI1M (OT 1 .n;o 8), ..., .n;JI.H

QI1<PPbI e.n;I1HI1Q 8 -

TOJlbKO 3HaQeHI1e 9. Bcero rroJlyqaeM 1 + 2 + 3 + ...

. .. + 9 ==
45 Ql1ceJl.

2.31. I1cKoMoe BbIpa:>KeHl1e paBHo

25. (26 -

24) + 23. (24 -

22) + 21. (22 -

20) + 19. (20 -18) +

+ 17. (18 -16) + 15. (16-14) ==

2(25+23 +21 + 19+ 17+ 15) ==

==
2(40 + 40 + 40) ==
2.120.

2.32. 113 CJlO:>KeHI1.H B pa3p.H.n;e e.n;I1HI1Q BI1,lJ;HO, QTO 11# O. n03TOMY

CJlO:>KeHl1e B pa3p.H.n;e .n;eC.HTKOB rrOKa3bIBaeT, QTO 11 ==
9. Tor.n;a CJlO:>Ke-

Hl1e B pa3p.H.n;e COTeH rrOKa3bIBaeT, QTO K ==

4. B03BpalQaHCb K CJlO:>KeHI1IO

B pa3p.H.n;e e.n;I1HI1Q, Haxo.n;I1M C ==

5.
2.33. JlCHO, QTO ==
1. npl1 CJlO:>KeHI1I1 + MO)f(eT rroJlyql1TbC.H 2
I1JII1 3 (ecJlI1 eCTb rrepeHOC 113 pa3p.H.n;a .n;eC.HTKOB). Ho QI1<ppa A QeTHaH

(oHa rroJlyqaeTC.H rrpl1 CJlO:>KeHI1I1 P + P). n03TOMY A ==

2. npl1 CJlO:>Ke-

HI1I1 P + P rrOJIyqaeTcR rrOCJIe.n;WI.H QI1<ppa 2, rro3ToMY P -

3TO QI1<ppa 1
I1JII1 6. Ho QI1<ppa 1 )l)Ke 3aWlTa 6)'KBOM , rro3ToMY P ==
6.
 PeweHUR 83

2.34. JlCHO, qTO M 1. UI1<ppa 0 qeTHaJI (oHa nO.HBJIHeTC.H npl1 CJIO-

:>KeHI1I1 H + H), 11 OHa 60JIbllIe 4 (npl1 CJIO:>KeHI1I1 0 + 0 npOI1Cxo,n;I1T ne-

peHOC B CJIe,n;yrorn;I1M pa3p.H,n;), n03TOMY 0 6 IDII1 8. ECJII1 0 8, TO H 6

I1JII1 7 11 nOCJIe,n;H.H.H QI1<ppa ql1CJIa H + H paBHa 8. TaKoro 6bITb He MO:>KeT,
n03TOMY 0 6. Tor,n;a H 2 I1JII1 3 11 nocJle,n;H.H.H QI1<ppa ql1CJIa H + H paB-
Ha 6, n03ToMY H 3. Tor,n;a + 16, n03ToMY 8. JI.H OCTaBIlII1XC.H

QI1<PP 2, 4, 5, 7 11 9 paBeHcTBo 11 + 11 r MO:>KeT BbInOJIH.HTbC.H, TOJIbKO

eCJII1I1211 r4.
2.35. JlCHO, qTO C 1. UI1<ppa B qeTHa.H (oHa nO.HBJIHeTCH npl1 CJIO)f(e-

HI1I1 H + H), 11 OHa 60JIbllIe 4 (npl1 CJIO:>KeHI1I1 B + B npOI1Cxo,n;I1T nepeHoc

B CJIe.n;yIOrn;I1M pa3PM), n03ToMy B 6 I1JII1 8. ECJII1 B 6, TO 0 2 I1JII1 3,
n03ToMy A 4, 5, 6 I1JII1 7. Tor.n;a npl1 CJIO:>KeHI1I1 A + A MO)I(HO no.nyqI1Tb 1
TOJIbKO B c.nyqae, Kor.n;a A 5 11 0 2. npI1XO,n;I1M K npOTI1BOpeql1lO, nOTO-

My qJ'0 npl1 CJIO)f(eHI1I1 A+A npOI1Cxo,n;I1T nepeHoc. TaKHM 06pa30M, B 8.

n03TOMy 0 6 I1JII1 7. npl1 CJIO:>KeHI1I1 0 + 0 no.nyqaeM A, a npl1 CJIO)f(e-

HI1I1 A + A no.nyqaeM 1, n03ToMy 0 7 11 A 5. KpoMe Toro, H + H 18,

n03ToMy H 9. AmI T 11 r OCTaJIl1Cb QI1<PPbI 2, 3, 4 11 6. npo QI1<PPbI T 11 r
MbI 3HaeM, qJ'0 T2r+ 1-102r- 9. n03TOMyT3 11 r6.
2.36. 3anl111IeM I1cxo,n;Hoe ql1CJIO B Bl1,lJ;e 6ABC 11 no.n;6epeM QI1<PPbI A,
B 11 C TaK, QT06bI BbInOJIH.HJIOCb paBeHcTBo 6ABC -

ABC6 1152. JlCHO,

QTO C 8 11 6AB8 -

AB86 1152. Tenepb nOH.HTHO, QTO B 3 11 6A38 -

A386 1152. n03TOMY A 5.

2.37. 0603HaQl1M QI1<PPbI, 113 KOTOpbIX 6blJII1 COCTaBJIeHbI QI1CJIa,
B nOp.H.n;Ke B03paCTaHI1H: A B C D. CaMoe ManeHbKoe QI1CJIO, co-

CTaBJIeHHOe 113 3TI1X QI1<l)P, paBHO ABCD, a caMoe 60JIbIllOe paBHo DCBA.

nO,n;6epeM QI1<PPbI A, B, C 11 D TaK, QT06bI BblnOJIH.HJIOCb paBeHcTBo

ABCD + DCBA ] 1990. JlcHO, QTO A + D 10, n03ToMY 113 pa3p.H,n;a
COTeH B pa3p.H,n; TbICHt-I nepellIJIa e,n;I1HI1Qa, T. e. C + B > 9. Tenepb 113 pa3-
p.H.n;a ,n;eC.HTKOB BI1HO, qTO B + C 18. n03TOMY B C 9. no YCJIOBI1IO
QI1CJIO D99A caMoe 60JIbIllOe 113 B03MO)l(HbIX, n03TOMY D 9 11 A 1.
2.38. HeKoTopble He.n;OCTalOrn;l1e QI1<PPbI BOCCTaHaBJII1BaIOTC.H JIerKO:

*
x
3 5
4 1
*
3 5 .

+
*
1 2 0
* * *
1 5

B QI1CJIe 3*5 3Be3,n;OQKa MO:>KeT 6bITb TOJlbKO HYJIeM I1JII1 e.n;I1HI1u;eM, no-

TOMY QTO 325 .

4 1300.
84 PeweHUfl

2.39. nOCTaBI1M Cpa3Y Te QI1<PPbI, KOTopbIe He BbI3bIBaIOT 3aTpy,n;HeHHM:

* *
x
2 3
.' .',

.', .'
*
8 7
+ -'. .'
.

* it:
6
.',

2 0 0 4 7

Terrepb HeCJlO:>KHO BbIHCHI1Tb, qTO BTOpOM MHO:>KI1TeJlb paBeH 29: TOJlbKO

rrpl1 YMHO)f(eHI1I1 QI1<PPbI 3 Ha 9 11 Ha 2 rroJlyqaeM rrOCJle,n;Hl1e QI1<PPbI 7

11 6. npl1 YMHO:>KeHI1I1 3 Ha 9 rroJlyqaeM 27, rro3ToMY QI1<ppa 8 rroJlY-
qaeTCH rrpl1 CJlO:>KeHI1I1 2 11 6. npl1 YMHO:>KeHI1I1 Ha 9 QI1<PPbI, CTOHrn;eM
Me:>K.ZJ;Y 2 11 3, rroJlyqaeM qI1CJlO, OKaHqI1BalOrn;eeCH Ha 6, rro3ToMY 3Ta

QI1<ppa paBHa 4. Terrepb MO)f(HO 3arrl1CaTb CJle,n;yrorn;ee:

x*243
2 9
.'.

+ ":187.
.', .',

486
.',

2 0047

nepe,n; e,n;I1HI1QeM CTOI1T QI1<ppa 5; OHa rroJlyqaeTcH rrpl1 CJIO:>KeHI1I1 QI1<PP 2

11 3. UI1<PPY 3 3,n;eCb MO:>KHO rroJlyql1Tb TOJlbKO rrpl1 )'MHO:>KeHI1I1 9 Ha 7.

n03TOMY rrepBaR QI1<ppa rrepBoro MHO)f(I1TeJUI -

ceMepKa.
2.40. 113 pacrrOJlO:>KeHI1H 3Be3,n;OqeK CJle,n;yeT, qTO BTOpaR 11 qeTBep-
TaR QI1<PPbI qaCTHOro -

HYJlI1. ,l];eJlI1TeJlb rrpl1 )'MHO:>KeHI1I1 Ha 8 ,n;aeT ,n;BY-

3HaqHOe qI1CJlO, a rrpl1 )'MHO:>KeHI1I1 Ha rrepByro 11 rrOCJle,n;HIOIO QI1<PPbI
QaCTHOro -

TpeX3HaQHOe, rro3ToMY rrepBaR 11 rrOCJle,n;IDIH QI1<PPbI QaCT-

Horo -

3TO 9, a Bce QaCTHOe paBHo 90809. ,l];eJlI1TeJlb -

3TO ,n;BY3HaQHOe
QI1CJlO, KOTopoe rrpl1 )'MHO:>KeHI1I1 Ha 8 ,n;aeT ,n;BY3HaQHOe QI1CJlO, a rrpl1
)'MHO:>KeHI1I1 Ha 9 -

TpeX3HaQHoe. n03TOMY ,n;eJlI1TeJlb paBeH 12. 3HaR

,n;eJlI1TeJlb 11 QaCTHOe, MO:>KHO CHaQaJla BOCCTaHOBI1Tb ,n;eJlI1MOe, a 3aTeM

11 BeCb rrpl1Mep.
2.41. C)'MMa Ql1ceJl OT 1 ,n;o 9 paBHa 45. ECJlI1 c)'MMa Ql1ceJl B KIDK.ZJ;OM
113 QeTbIpex TpoeK Ql1ceJl paBHa 15, TO C)'MMa Bcex 12 Ql1ceJl paBHa 60.

npl1 3TOM QI1CJlO B QeHTpe MbI rrOCQI1TaJlI1 Tpl1 JlI1IIIHI1X pa3a (4 pa3a
BMeCTO o,n;Horo), rr03TOMY OHO paBHo (60 -

45) : 3 ==
5. OCTaJlbHbIe QI1C-

Jla H)')KHO rrpocTo pa3611Tb Ha rrapbI, ,n;alOrn;l1e B c)'MMe 10.

2.42. C)'MMa Ql1ceJl OT 1 ,n;o 6 paBHa 21. ECJlI1 c)'MMa Ka:>K.ZJ;OM 113

Tpex TpoeK Ql1ceJl paBHa 10, TO C)'MMa Bcex 9 Ql1ceJl paBHa 30. npl1
3TOM QI1CJla, CTOHrn;l1e B BepllII1HaX, rrOCQI1TaHbI ,n;BIDK.ZJ;bI, rro3ToMY I1X

c)'MMa paBHa 30 -

21 ==
9, a c)'MMa Ql1ceJl, CTOHrn;I1X Ha cTopoHax, paBHa
 PeweH UR 85

21 -

9 ==
12. BOCrrOJIb30BaBllII1Cb TeM, qTO 1 + 3 + 5 ==
9 11 2 + 4 + 6 ==
12,
MO:>KHO rrorrp060BaTb CHaqaJIa rrOCTaBI1Tb 1, 3 11 5 B BepllII1HbI, a 3aTeM 2,
4 11 6 Ha CTOpOHbI. 3TO 6bICTpO rrpl1Bo,n;I1T K ycrrexy.
2.43. a) C}'MMa ql1ceJI OT 1 ,n;o 9 paBHa 45, rr03TOMY c}'MMa ql1ceJI,
CTO.Hm;I1X B BepllII1HaX TpeyrOJIbHI1Ka, paBHa 17. 3 -

45 ==
6. 3TO Moryr
6bITb TOJIbKO QI1CJIa 1, 2 11 3. C}'MMbI rrap Ql1ceJI, CTO.Hm;I1X Ha cTopoHax,
paBHbI 12, 13 11 14. B rrpl1Be,n;eHHoM B OTBeTe rrpl1Mepe

12==4+8, 13==6+7 11 14==5+9.

ECTb 11 ,n;pyrl1e Bapl1aHTbI, Harrpl1Mep

12 ==
5+7, 13 ==
4+9 11 14 ==
6+8.

6) CYMMa Ql1ceJI, CTORm;I1X B BepllII1HaX TpeyrOJIbHI1Ka, paBHa 20.3 -

45 ==
15. MO:>KHO BOCrrOJIb30BaTbC.H rrpe,n;cTaBJIeHI1.HMI1

15==2+5+8 11 15==4+5+6.

B rrepBoM cJIyqae cpa3Y Haxo,n;I1M H)')KHbIe rrpe,n;cTaBJIeHI1.H:

7 ==
3+4, 10 ==
1+9 11 13 ==
6+7.

Bo BTOpOM cJIyqae B03HI1KalOT Bapl1aHTbI:

9 ==
1+8 ==
2+7, 10 ==
1+9 ==
2+8 ==
3+7, 11 ==
2+9 ==
3+8.

113 HI1X JIerKO BbI611paeTCR TOT, B KOTOpOM Bce QI1CJIa pa3Hble:

9==1+8, 10==3+7, 11==2+9.

2.44. C}'MMa Bcex Ql1ceJI OT 1 ,n;o 9 paBHa 45, c}'MMa ql1ceJI B Ka:>K,lJ;OM
113 Tpex CTpOK B 3 pa3a MeHbllIe.

2.47. CJIO:>KI1M B Marl1qeCKOM KBa,n;paTe C ,n;orrOJIHI1TeJIbHbIM YCJIOBI1-

eM Tpl1 QI1CJIa Ha cpe,n;Heti rOp1130HTaJIl1, Tpl1 Ha cpe,n;Heti BepTI1KaJII1,
Tpl1 ql1CJIa Ha O,n;HOti ,n;l1arOHaJII1 11 Tpl1 QI1CJIa Ha ,n;pyrOM ,n;l1arOHaJII1.
B pe3YJIbTaTe nOJIyql1M 15. 4 ==
60. Ho 3Ta C}'MMa
-

TO :>Ke caMoe, QTO

CYMMa Bcex Ql1ceJI rrJIIOC yrpoeHHoe QI1CJIO B QeHTpe. D03TOMY QI1CJIO

B QeHTpe paBHo 5.
2.48. B Marl1QeCKOM KBa,n;paTe 113 3a,n;aQI1 2.46 BbIQTI1Te 1113 Ka:>K;J;OrO
QI1CJIa.

2.49. nporrym;eHbI QI1CJIa 1, 7, 12 11 14. C}'MMa rrporrym;eHHbIx ql1ceJI

B rrOCJIe,n;HeM CTpOKe paBHa 15, rr03ToMY TaM rrporrym;eHbI QI1CJIa 111 14.
CYMMa rrporrym;eHHbIx Ql1ceJI B rrOCJIe,n;HeM cToJI6Qe paBHa 13, rr03ToMY
TaM rrporrym;eHbI QI1CJIa 111 12. CJIe,n;oBaTeJIbHO, B yrJIY CTOI1T 1.
86 PeweHUfl

fJIaBa 3. JIMB""

3.1. OTMeTbTe TOQKl1 nepeCeqeHRH np.HMbIX 11 ern;e OTMeTbTe Ha KIDK.ZJ;OM

rrp.HMoi1: no O.n;HOM TOqKe.

3.3. OTMeTbTe 4 TOqKI1 11 rrpOBe.n;I1Te qepe3 HI1X 6 np.HMbIx.

3.4. Hapl1cyMTe lliITI1KOHeqHYID 3Be3,n;y 11 OTMeTbTe ee BepllII1HbI 11 TOq-

KI1 rrepeCeqeHRH 3BeHbeB.

3.7. ECJlI1 JlOMaHa.H rrepeceKaeT KIDK,l];oe CBoe 3BeHO O.n;I1H pa3, TO ee

3BeHb.H pa3611Ba1OTC.H Ha napbI (B napy BXO.n;.HT 3BeHb.H, nepeceKalOrn;l1e
.n;pyr .n;pyra). 3Haq11T, I1X ql1CJlO qeTHO, qTO npOTI1BOpeql1T YCJlOBI1IO.
3.9. f1epeM.n;.H pyqei1: O.n;I1H pa3, MbI OKa:>KeMC.H Ha .n;pyrOM 6epery. Ba-
:>K,ZJ;bI nepeM.n;.H pyqei1:, MbI BepHeMC.H Ha TOT :>Ke 6eper, C KOToporo HaqaJlI1

rryrb. f103TOMY eCJlI1 nepeMTI1 pyqeM HeqeTHOe ql1CJlO pa3, TO OKa:>KeMC.H

Ha .n;pyrOM 6epery, a eCJlI1 qeTHOe -

TO Ha TOM :>Ke caMOM. QTo6bI no-

rraCTb 113 TOQKI1 A B TOQKY B, H)l)KHO rrepei1:TI1 pyqeM 4 pa3a, rro3ToMY

3TI1 TOQKI1 Haxo,n;.HTC.H Ha O,n;HOM 6epery.
3.10. a) OT.n;eJlI1Te .n;BYM.H Kpl1BbIMI1 11, 12, 1, 2 11 5, 6, 7, 8;
6) OT,n;eJlI1Te napbI Ql1ceJlI-12, 2-11, 3-10, 4-9, 5-8, 6-7.
3.15. JI.H Toro QTo6bI no,n;H.HTbC.H Ha 2-M 3Ta:>K, Ha,n;o npOMTI1 O,n;I1H
3Ta:>K, a ,n;JI.H Toro QTo6bI no,n;H.HTbC.H Ha QeTBepTbIM, Ha.n;o npOMTI1 Tpl1
3Ta:>Ka.

3.16. OCTaTOQHO HaHeCTI1 npOMe:>KyrOQHbIe .n;eJleHI1.H B TOQKaX 1 CM,

4 CM, 7 CM. Tor,n;a y Hac 06pa3)'1OTC.H 4 oTpe3Ka: 1 CM, 3 CM, 3 CM 11 2 CM.

HeTpy,n;HO y6e,n;I1TbC.H, QTO TaKOM JlI1HeMKOM MO:>KHO OTMepl1Tb JlI060e

IJ;eJIoe paCCTO.HHl1e OT 1 .n;o 9 CM.

3.22. 113 Y3J1a, B KOTOpOM nepeceKalOTC.H ,n;Be JlI1HI1I1, MO:>KHO ,n;OMTI1

,n;o 6J1I1:>KaMllierO OCTpl1.H 3Be3.n;bI 11 npo,n;OJl:>KI1Tb o6xo,n;, KaK 3TO ,n;eJlaJlOCb

paHee. - -

r- 1

3.23. Ha pl1c.l )'Ka3aHo pa3611eHI1e Ha ,n;Ba I I

I I

IJ;I1KJIa. HaQI1HaTb o6xo,n; MO:>KHO 113 JlI060M TOQ- I

----
I
I I ,..--
1
KI1. OM.n;.H ,n;o rrepeCeQeHI1.H C ,n;pyrl1M IJ;I1KJIOM, I
I
I
I
I I
I I
H)l)KHO 060MTI1 BCTpeTI1BIlII1MC.H IJ;I1KJI 11 rrpo,n;oJl-
I I I I
L___I I I
:>KI1Tb o6xo,n;. I
--

I
I I
3.24. Ha pl1c. 2 )'Ka3aHo pa3611eHI1e Ha Tpl1 I I
L________ I
IJ;I1KJIa: O,n;I1H B cepe,n;I1He 11 ,n;Ba no Kpa.HM. ECJlI1

o6xo,n; HaQI1HaeTC.H co cpe,n;Hero IJ;I1KJIa, TO H)l)KHO PI1C. 1

rro OQepe,n;11 rrOJlHOCTblO 060MTI1 BCTpeTI1BllIl1eC.H
KpaMHl1e IJ;I1KJIbI. ECJlI1 o6xo,n; HaQI1HaeTC.H C KpaMHero IJ;I1KJIa, TO H)l)KHO
,n;OMTI1 ,n;o cpe.n;Hero, rro cpe,n;HeMY ,n;OMTI1 .n;o BToporo KpaMHero, 060MTI1
 PeweHUfl 87

nOJIHOCTblO BTOpOM KpaMHI1M QI1KJI, 3aBepllII1Tb o6xo,lJ; Cpe,lJ;HerO 11 no-

TOM 3aBepllII1Tb 06xO,lJ; nepBOrO KpaMHerO QI1KJIa.

r -,
. I
. .
I .
. I
. - -
.
. .-
.
.-----,
. I
.
L____.2 . I
r-
-
I
I .
. - -
I
. .-
· ,
I I
.
L____.2
--
: I
I
r

I I
I I
I .
I I

L _ _ _ _ _ _ __'

PI1C. 2

3.25. CHaqaJIa coe.n;I1HI1Te ,lJ;Ba Y3JIa, 113 KOTOpbIX BbIXOMT Tpl1 JII1-

HI1I1. OOCJIe 3TOrO OCTaHeTC.H QI1KJI, KOTOpbIM JIerKO HapI1COBaTb.

3.27. Ka)K.ll;a.H JII1HI1.H COe,lJ;l1H.HeT ,lJ;Ba Y3JIa. Hanl1IlleM y 3TI1X Y3JIOB
no e,lJ;I1HI1Qe. B pe3YJIbTaTe y Ka)K.ll;oro Y3JIa 6Y,lJ;eT Hanl1CaHO CTOJIbKO

e,lJ;I1HI1Q, CKOJIbKO 113 Hero BbIXO,lJ;I1T JII1HI1M. C)'MMa Bcex Hanl1CaHHbIX

ql1ceJI qeTHa: OHa paBHa y,lJ;BOeHHOMY ql1CJIY JII1HI1M. ECJII1 113 paCCMaT-
pl1BaeMOM C)'MMbI BbIqepKHyrb Bce e,lJ;I1HI1QbI, CTO.HIIJ;l1e B03JIe Y3JIOB, 113

KOTOpbIX BbIXO,lJ;I1T qeTHOe ql1CJIO JII1HI1M, TO OCTaHeTC.H qeTHOe qI1CJIO.

Ho eCJII1 y <Pl1rYPbI TOJIbKO O,lJ;I1H Y3eJI, 113 KOToporo BbIXO,lJ;I1T HeqeTHOe

ql1CJIO JII1HI1M, TO OCTaHeTC.H HeqeTHOe qI1CJIO. TaKoro 6blTb He MO:>KeT.

OTMeTI1M, qTO 3TO paCC)T:>K,lJ;eHl1e ,lJ;OKa3bIBaeT, qTO KOJII1QeCTBO Y3JIOB, 113

KOTOpbIX BbIXO,lJ;I1T HeqeTHOe ql1CJIO JII1HI1M, qeTHo.

3.28. Y 3aKpbIToro KOHBepTa 4 Y3JIa, 113 KOTOpbIX BbIXO,lJ;I1T HeqeTHOe
ql1CJIO JII1HI1M.
3.29. BMra5ICb OT JIeBOM TOQKI1 K npaBoM, H)')KHO 06XO,lJ;I1Tb Bce

BCTpeQalOIIJ;l1ec5I OKp)')KHOCTI1 11 npO,lJ;OJI:>KaTb ,lJ;BI1:>KeHl1e no np.HMoM.

3.30. a) ECJII1 HaqaTb 06xo,lJ; 113 3aJIa 4, TO ,lJ;O 3aJIa 5 MapllIpyr TOJIbKO

O,lJ;I1H. aJIbllIe MO:>KHO npOMTI1 JII160 no MapllIpyry 1-2-3-7-6, JII160

no MapllIpyry 6-7-3-2-1.
6) MO:>KHO BbI6paTb, Hanpl1Mep, MapllIpyr
10-9-5-1-2-6-7-3-4-8-12-11.
3.31. Tpe6yeMoM nporYJIKe no MOCTaM cooTBeTcTByeT pl1COBaHl1e O,lJ;-
HI1M pOCQepKOM <pl1rypbI, 11306pa:>KeHHOM Ha pl1c. 3. 113 Bcex QeTbIpex
88 PeweHUfl

Y3JIOB 3TOM <Pl1rYPbI BbIXO,n;I1T HeqeTHOe ql1CJlO JlI1HI1M (113 A n.HTb, 113 B,
C 11 D no Tpl1). TaKyro <pl1rypy HeJlb3.H Hapl1COBaTb O,n;HI1M pOCqepKOM.

D f B
- -

g
;: 2
.

C
;:l-A
PHc.3

3.33. Tpe6yeMoMY o6xo,n;y cooTBeTcTByeT pl1COBaHl1e O,n;HI1M pocqep-

KOM <pl1rypbI, 11306pa:>KeHHOM Ha pl1c. 4. 113 qeTbIpex Y3J10B 3TOM <pl1rypbI
BbIXOP;I1T HeqeTHOe ql1CJIO JII1HI1M: 113 Tpex Y3JIOB no 5 JII1HI1M, 113 o,n;Horo
9 JII1HI1M. TaKyro <pl1rypy HeJlb3.H Hapl1COBaTb OP;HI1M pOCqepKOM. 06pa-
TI1Te BHI1MaHl1e Ha TO, qTO ,n;JI.H 3a,n;aql1 3.32 TO:>Ke MO:>KHO Hapl1COBaTb
cooTBeTcTByroIIJ;yro <pl1rypy, KOTOpyro H)l)KHO pl1COBaTb O,n;HI1M pocqep-
KOM. Ho <pl1rypa nOJIyqaeTC.H ,n;OBOJlbHO CJlO:>KHa.H, 11 3TY 3ap;aqy npoIIJ;e
pernaTb Henocpe,n;cTBeHHo.

PHC. 4

fJIaBa 4. TeKCTOBbIe 3aAaQU

4.1. MymKeTepbI MOrJlI1 exaTb:

a) B pa3HbIe CTOpOHbI, HaBCTpeqy,n;pyr ,n;pyry;

6) B pa3HbIe CTOpOHbI, y,n;aJl.H.HCb ,n;pyr OT p;pyra;
 PeweHUfl 89

B) B O,n;HY CTOpOHy-ATOC 3a ApaMI1COM;

r) B O,n;HY CTOPOHY
-

ApaMI1C 3a ATOCOM.
B 3TI1X qeTbIpeX c.nyqaJIX OTBeTbI CJIe,zIyIOrn;l1e: a) 20 -

(4 + 5) ==
11 JIbe;
6) 20 + (4+ 5) ==
29 JIbe; B) 20 + 5 -

4== 21 JIbe; r) 20 -

5 + 4== 19 JIbe.

4.2. opora B O,n;I1H KOHeQ Ha aBTo6yce 3aHI1MaeT 30: 2 ==

15 MI1H, rro-

3TOMy ,n;opora B O,n;I1H KOHeQ rrellIKOM 3aHI1MaeT 1 q 30 MI1H

-

15 MI1H ==

==
1 q 15 MI1H. opora Ty,n;a 11 o6paTHo 3aHI1MaeT B,n;Boe 60JlbllIe BpeMe-
HI1, T. e. 2 q 30 MI1H.

4.3. KOJl.H rrpOllIeJl «JlI1Il1HIOIO» rrOJlOBI1HY rryrl1. D03ToMy BpeM.H orr03-

,n;aHHH paBHo rrOJlOBI1He BpeMeHI1, nOTpaqeHHOrO Ha BeCb rryrb, T. e.

10 MI1H.

4.4. IIepBbLu cnoco6. ECJII1 6bI .H BbIllIeJl Ha 10 MI1H rr03)f(e 6paTa, TO

,n;orHaJl 6bI ero qepe3 30 MI1H (y l IKOJlbI). D.HTb MI1Hyr B,n;Boe MeHbllIe

.n;eC.HTI1, rro3ToMY 6paT 06rOHI1T MeIDl Ha B.n;Boe MeHbllIee paCCTO.HHl1e

11 .H HarOHIO ero B,n;Boe 6bICTpee.
Bmopou cnoco6. Yepe3 15 MI1H rrocJle BbIxo,n;a .H rrpoM,n;y rrOJlOBI1HY
,n;oporl1. EpaT K 3TOMY MOMeHTY 6y,n;eT I1,n;TI1 20 MI1H, rro3ToMY OH TO:>Ke

rrpoM,n;eT rrOJlOBI1HY ,n;oporl1.

4.5. DycTb qepe3 qac rrocJle HaqaJla ,n;BI1:>KeHI1.H rrellIexo,n; OKa3aJIC.H

B TOqKe C, a BeJlOCl1rre,n;I1CT B TOqKe D; rryrb AC paBeH rryrl1 CD. Ern;e

qepe3 15 MI1H rrellIexo.n; 11 BeJlOCl1rre.n;I1CT BCTpeTl1JIl1Cb B TOqKe E. Ha

rryrb AC rrellIexo,n; rrOTpaTI1JI 60 MI1H, rr03TOMY Ha rryrb CD OH TalOKe

rrOTpaTI1JI 60 MI1H. Tor,n;a rryrb ED 3aIDIJl y rrellIexo.n;a 60 -

15 ==
45 MI1H,
a y BeJlOCl1rre,n;I1CTa 15 MI1H. C7Ie,n;oBaTeJlbHO, CKOpOCTb rrellIexo,n;a B 3 pa-
3a MeHbllIe CKOpOCTI1 BeJlOCl1rre,n;I1CTa. Dyrb BD BeJlOCl1rre,n;I1CT rrpoexaJl
3a qac, rro3ToMY y rrellIexo.n;a 3TOT rryrb 3aIDIJl 3 q. Ha rryrb AD rrellIexo,n;

rrOTpaTI1JI 2 q, a Ha BCIO .n;opory eMY rroTpe6oBaJlOCb 5 q.

4.6. ECJlI1 neT.H BepHeTC.H ,n;OMOM 3a pyqKOM, TO Ha BeCb rrYTb OH rro-

TpaTI1T Ha 3 + 7 ==
10 MI1H 60Jlbl Ie, qeM rrOTpaTI1JI 6bI, eCJlI1 6bI He B03-

Bparn;aJlC.H. 3TO 3Haq11T, qTO rrYTb OT Toro MeCTa, r.n;e OH BCrrOMHI1JI rrpo
pyqKY, .n;o ,n;oMa 11 06paTHO 3aHI1MaeT 10 MI1H. OIe,n;oBaTeJlbHo, DeT.H
BCrrOMHI1JI rrpo pyqKY B 5 MI1H xo.n;b6bI OT .n;OMa, T. e. OH rrpOllIeJl qeT-

BepTb rrYTI1.
4.7. DOCKOJIbKy o6paTHo 6eJIKa 6e:>Kl1T B ,n;Ba pa3a Me,lJ)IeHHee, TO BpeMH,
3aTpaqeHHOe 6eJIKOM Ha 06paTHYIO ,n;opory, B ,n;Ba pa3a 60JlbllIe BpeMeHI1,
KOTopoe OHa TpaTI1T Ha ,n;opory OT ,n;yrma ,n;o OpellIHI1Ka. D03TOMy BpeMH,
3aTpaqeHHOe Ha ,n;opory OT ,n;yrma ,n;o OpellIHI1Ka, B TpI1 pa3a MeHbllIe BpeMe-
HI1, 3aTpaqeHHOrO Ha BCIO ,n;opory, T. e. paBHo 54: 3 ==
18 c. Cn:e,n;oBaTeJIbHO,

paCCTO.HHl1e OT ,n;ynna ,n;o OpellIHI1Ka paBHO 18 .

4 ==
72 M.
90 PeweHU5l

4.8. 3a nepBbIM .n;eHb YJIMTKa no.n;HMMeTC.H Ha 4 M, a nOTOM cnycTMTC.H

.n;o BbICOTbI 2 M. 3a BTOpOM .n;eHb YJIMTKa no.n;HMMeTC.H .n;o BbICOTbI 6 M,
a nOTOM cnYCTMTC.H .n;o BbICOTbI 4 M. C BbICOTbI 4 M YJIMTKa CMO)KeT no.n;-
IDITbC.H .n;o BepllIMHbI cToJI6a.
4.9. I1ellIexo.n;bI BCTpeT.HTC.H qepe3 qac, n03TOMY Myxa 6y.n;eT JIeTaTb

qac co CKOpOCTblO 14 KM/q M npOJIeTMT 3a 3TO BpeMR 14 KM.

4.10. I1ana B 9 pa3 CTapllIe Cepe)KM, n03TOMY OH CTapllIe ero Ha

8 B03pacToB Cepe)KM. CJIe.n;oBaTeJIbHO, Cepe)Ke 5 JIeT, a BaHe 15 JIeT.

4.11. Ba ro.n;a Ha3a.n; JIM3a TO)Ke 6bIJIa Ha 8 JIeT cTapllIe HacTM. I1pM
3TOM OHa 6bIJIa CTapllIe B 3 pa3a, T. e. cTapllIe Ha .n;Ba B03pacTa HaCTM.

I103TOMY HaCTe 6bIJIO 4 ro.n;a, a JIM3e 12. 3HaqMT, CeMqaC JIM3e 14 JIeT.

4.12. OTeIJ; Ha 23 ro.n;a cTapllIe CbIHa, n03ToMY CbIHY CeMqaC 23 ro.n;a.

4.13. OTeIJ; Ha 24 ro.n;a cTapllIe CbIHa. CeMqaC CbIH B 3 pa3a MJIa.n;llIe

OTIJ;a, n03ToMY 24 ro.n;a .n;OJI)KHbI COCTaBJI.HTb y.n;BoeHHbIM B03pacT CbIHa,

T. e. CbIHY 12 JIeT, a OTIJ;Y 36.
4.14. Ea6yrnKe B 12 pa3 60JIbllIe JIeT, qeM BHyqKe, n03ToMY BMeCTe

MM B 13 pa3 60JIbIIIe JIeT, qeM BHyqKe.

4.15. 113 YCJIOBMH CJIe.n;yeT, qTO TaHe CeMqaC 17 JIeT 7 MeC.HIJ;eB, a MM-
llIe 17 JIeT 8 MeC.HIJ;eB.
4.16. 3a 10 MMH Te )Ke 5 KOllieK nOMMalOT B.n;Boe 60JIbllIe MbIllieK.

4.17. MaJIbIIli C'be.n;aeT 3a 1 MMH 100 r BapeHb.H, KapJICOH C'be.n;aeT 3a

1 MMH 200 r BapeHb.H, n03ToMY BMeCTe OHM C'be.n;aIOT 3a 1 MMH 300 r

BapeHb.H.
4.18. 3a 4.n;IDI 10 606pOB BbInOJIIDIT nOJIOBMHY pa60TbI. I1pMrJIallIeH-
HbIe 606pbI 3a 2 .n;IDI .n;OJI)KHbI c.n;eJIaTb OCTaJIbH)'IO nOJIOBMHY pa60TbI.
I103TOMY MX .n;OJI)KHO 6bITb B.n;Boe 60JIbllIe.
4.19. 3a .n;Ba .n;H.H pa60qMe HanMJIHT llIeCTb nOJIeHHMIJ; M 3a TpeTMM
.n;eHb ycnelOT MX HaKOJIOTb. 3a O.n;MH .n;eHb OHM ycnelOT HanMJIMTb M Ha-

KOJIOTb BTpoe MeHbllIe nOJIeHHMIJ;.

4.20. 3a 70 .n;HeM qeJIOBeK BbInbeT 5 Ka.n;eM, a C )KeHOM OH BbInbeT

7 Ka.n;eM. I103TOMY )KeHa 3a 70 .n;HeM BbInbeT 2 Ka.n;M.

4.21. IIepBbLu cnoco6. ECJIM .n;Ba (o.n;MHaKoBbIx) nca YXBaT.HT KOJI6acy
C .n;BYX CTOpOH, Me)K,lJ;y HMMM 6y.n;eT KYCOK B 300 r. ECJIM .n;Ba KOTa YXBaT.HT
KOJI6acy C .n;BYX CTOpOH, Me)K,lJ;y HMMM 6y.n;eT KYCOK B 500 r. I103ToMy.n;Ba
nca M .n;Ba KOTa OCTaB.HT OT .n;BYX KOJI6ac 800 r. A O.n;HM nec M O.n;MH KOT

OT O.n;HOM KOJI6aCbI -

B.n;Boe MeHbllIe.

Bmopou cnoco6. I1ec co6MpaeTC.H OTKYCMTb OT 6aToHa Ha 300 r MeHb-

l Ie, qeM OCTaBMTb. ECJIM 6bI OH OTKYCMJI Ha 150 r 60JIbllIe, OCTaBMB

Ha 150 r MeHbllIe, TO eMy.n;OCTaJIaCb 6bI pOBHO nOJIOBMHa BceM KOJI6aCbI.

 PeUleHUfl 91

AHaJIOrMqHO KOTY .n;OCTaJIaCb 6bI nOJIOBMHa Bcei1 KOJI6aCbI, eCJII1 6bI OH

OTKYCMJI Ha 250 r 60JIbllIe, qeM co6I1paJIc.H. I1pM 3TOM BC.H KOJI6aca 6bIJIa
6bI C'be.n;eHa, n03ToMY OCTaTOK BeCI1T 150 + 250 ==
400 r.

4.22. 3anJIaqeHHbIe 100 Py6. -3TO nOJIOBMHa CTOMMOCTM KHMrM.

4.23. EOJIbllIa.H nTI1Qa CTOI1T B.n;Boe .n;opo)Ke MaJIeHbKoi1, n03ToMY

5 60JIbllIMX nTMQ 11 3 MaJIeHbKI1X CTO.HT CTOJIbKO )Ke, CKOJIbKO 13 MaJIeHb-

KMX, a 5 MaJIeHbKI1X 11 3 60JIbllIMX -

CTOJIbKO )Ke, CKOJIbKO 11 MaJIeHbKMX.

TaKMM o6pa30M, pa3HI1Qa nOKynKax-2

B MaJIeHbKMe nTMQbI, a pa3HM-
Qa B QeHe
-

20 Py6JIei1. n03TOMY MaJIeHbKa.H nTI1Qa CTOMT 10 Py6JIei1,

a 60JIbllIa.H -

20 py6JIei1.
4.24. IIepBbLu cl1oc06. 3 qallIKM M 3 6JIIO.n;u;a CTO.HT 25 .
3 ==
75 py6JIei1,
n03ToMY o.n;Ha qallIK3 CTOI1T 88 -

25 ==
13 py6JIei1.
Bmopou cnoc06. 4 IaIlIKM M 4 6JIIO.n;u;a CTO.HT 25 .4== 100 py6JIei1, no-

3TOMY O.n;HO 6JIIO.n;u;e CTOI1T 100 -

88 ==
12 py6JIei1, a o.n;Ha qallIKa CTOMT

25 12 13
-
==
py6JIei1.
4.25. I1YCTb IlIKOJIbHMK KyrrMJI 11 TeTpa.n;ei1 M y Hero OCTaJIOCb 5 py6-
JIei1. o6aBMM eMY 7 py6JIei1. Tor.n;a y Hero 6y.n;eT 5 + 7 ==
12 py6JIei1, M Ha

3TM .n;eHbrM OH CMO)KeT KyrrMTb ee 15 -

11 ==
4 TeTpa.n;M, n03ToMY o.n;Ha

TeTpa.n;b CTOMT 3 py6JI.H. A Bcero y IlIKOJIbHMKa 11 3 + 5 .

==
38 py6JIei1.
4.26. TpM BaTpyrnKI1 CTO.HT 9 6y6JIMKOB M 15 py6JIei1. CTOJIbKO )Ke

CTO.HT 10 6y6JII1KOB. n03TOMY O.n;MH 6y6JIMK CTOMT 15 py6JIei1, a BaTpyrn-

Ka CTOMT (15.10) : 3 ==
50 py6JIei1.
4.27. IIepBbLu .cl1oc06. ECJIM 6bI Bce 17 )KMBOTHbIX 6bIJIM yr.HTaMM, TO

y HMX 6bIJIO 6bI 17. 2 ==

34 HorM. «JIMIlIHMe» 44 -

34 ==
10 Hor y eH.HT-
no nape Ha Ka)Kf];Oro. n03TOMY eH.HT 5.

Bmopou cnoc06. ECJII1 6bI Y yr.HT TO)Ke 6bIJIO 6bI 4 HorM, TO Bcero Hor

6bIJIO 6bI 17 .

4 ==
68. «JII111IHMX» Hor nOJIyqMJIOCb 68 -

44 ==
24; MX B.n;Boe

60JIbllIe, qeM yr5lT.

4.28. ECJII1 6bI Bce )f(I1BOTHbIe 6bIJIM co6aKaMI1, TO nOHa.n;o6MJIoCb
6bI 10. 6 ==
60 raJIeT. JII111IHl1e 4 raJIeTbI nOHa.n;o6MJIMCb 6bI nOToMY, qTO

co6aKa C'be.n;aeT Ha O.n;HY raJIeTY 60JIbllIe, qeM KOIliKa. I103TOMY KOllieK

6bIJIO 4, a co6aK 6.
4.29. npe:>K,lJ;e Bcero 3aMeTMM, qTO y CTYJIa C qeJIOBeKOM 6 Hor, a y
Ta6ypeTKM C qeJIOBeKOM 5 Hor. aJIbllIe MO)KHO pacc)0KAaTb no-pa3HoMY.
IIepBbLu cnoc06. ECJII1 cTYJIbeB M Ta6ypeToK 6, TO Y HMX He 60JIee
6 .
6 ==
36 Hor, a eCJII1 I1X 8, TO Y HMX He MeHee 8 .

5 ==
40 Hor. I103TOMY
CTYJIbeB M Ta6ypeToK 7. Y ceMM Ta6ypeToK C JIIO.n;bMM 7. 5 ==
35 Hor.

He.n;ocTalOMe 4 HOrl1 .n;OJI)KHbI 6bITb y cTYJIbeB, n03ToMY cTYJIbeB 4,

a Ta6ypeToK 3.
92 PeweHUR

Bmopou cnoco6. l.JMCJIO HOr Y Ta6ypeTOK C JIIO,n;bMM ,n;eJIMTC.H Ha 5,

n03ToMY OHO OKaHqMBaeTC.H Ha 0 IDIM 5. Ho Ha 0 3TO qMCJIO OKaHqM-

BaTbC.H He MO)KeT, IIOTOMY qTO Tor,n;a qMCJIO Hor Y CTYJIbeB C JIIO,n;bMM

,n;OJI)KHO OKaHqMBaTbC.H Ha 9, a 3TO qMCJIO qeTHO. CJIe,n;oBaTeJIbHO, Ta6y-
peTOK MO)KeT 6bITb 1, 3, 5 IDIM 7. HeCJIO)KHbIM nepe60p nOKa3bIBaeT, qTO

B KOMHaTe 3 Ta6ypeTKM M 4 cTYJIa.

4.30. KOJIMqeCTBO rpM60B Y 6paTa yMeHbllIIDIocb Ha 10, a Y cecTpbI
YBeJIMqIDIOCb Ha 10, M nOCJIe 3Toro 3TM KOJIMqeCTBa CTaJIM paBHbI. 00-

3TOMY pa3HocTb Me)K,ll;Y 3TMMM KOJIMqeCTBaMM 6blJIa B,n;Boe 60JIbllIe.

4.31. IIepBbLu cnoco6. ECJIM 6bI Y cecTpbI Bo06m;e He 6blJI0 rpM60B, TO

6paT OT,n;aJI 6bI eM nOJIOBMHY CBOMX rpM60B. 003TOMY OH ,n;OJI)KeH OT,n;aTb

nOJIOBMHY «JIMIlIHMX» rpM60B.

Bmopou cnoco6. KOJIl1qeCTBO rpM60B Y 6paTa ,n;OJI)KHO yMeHbllIMTbC.H
Ha CTOJIbKO )Ke, Ha CKOJIbKO OHO ,n;OJI)KHO YBeJIMqMTbC.H Y CeCTpbI.
4.32. OYCTb AIDI OT,n;aCT nOJIOBMHY rpM60B BMTe. Tor,n;a Y Bcex rpM-
60B 6y,n;eT nopoBHY, a M3 3Toro CJIe,n;yeT, qTO Y BMTM CBOMX rpM60B
He 6b1JI0. Tenepb, qT06bI Callia nOJIMJI Bce AHMHbI rpM6bI, eMY
Ha,n;o 3a6paTb rpM6bI Y BMTM M AHM. Tor,n;a Y Hero 6y,n;yr rpM6bI Tpex pe-
6.HT -

BMTM, AHM M ero c06CTBeHHbIe. Em;e CTOJIbKO )Ke 6y,n;eT y OCTaJIb-

HbIX, n03TOMY C BMTeM, .AHeM M CallieM 3a rpM6aMM Xo,n;MJIO em;e Tpoe
,n;eTeM.
4.33. Ka)K,ll;bIM C'beJI no 4 JIenellIKM, n03ToMY nepBbIM C'beJI Bce CBOM

JIenellIKM, a BTOpOM pa3,n;eJIMJI CBOI1 JIenellIKM C TpeTbMM.

4.34. Ka)K,ll;bIM C'beJI no 5 JIenellIeK, n03ToMY nepBbIM ,n;aJI TpeTbeMY
O,n;HY JIenellIKY, a BTOpOM -

qeTbIpe.
4.35. 113 Toro, qTO 6 KapaceM T.H)KeJIee 10 JIem;eM, CJIe,n;yeT, qTO 6 Ka-

paceM T.H)KeJIee 9 JIem;eM. Pa3,n;eJIMB 6 M 9 Ha 3, nOJIMM, qTO 2 KapaC.H

T.H)KeJIee 3 JIem;eM.
4.36. YCJIOBMe 03HaqaeT, qTO 20 qepHbIX KOpOB M 15 PbI)KI1X ,n;alOT 3a

,n;eHb CTOJIbKO )Ke MOJIOKa, CKOJIbKO 12 qepHbIX M 20 PbI)KMX. A 3TO 3Ha-

qMT, qTO 8 qepHbIX KOpOB ,n;alOT MOJIOKa CTOJIbKO )Ke, CKOJIbKO 5 PbI)KMX.

CJIe,n;oBaTeJIbHO, y PbI)KMX KOpOB y,n;OM 60JIbllIe.

4.37. B nepBbIx ,n;BYX c)TH,lI;yKax 06rn;ee KOJIMqeCTBO 30JIOTbIX MOHeT Ha

7 + 15 == 22 60JIbllIe 06m;ero KOJIl1qeCTBa cepe6p.HHbIX. Bcero 30JIOTbIX

M cepe6p.HHbIX MOHeT nopoBHY, n03ToMY B TpeTbeM c)TH,lI;yKe 30JIOTbIX

MOHeT Ha 22 MeHbllIe, qeM cepe6p.HHbIX.

4.38. KOJIMqeCTBO ,n;pyrMX 6eJIbIX )KMBOTHbIX B 5 pa3 60JIbllIe KOJIMqe-

CTBa 6eJIbIX KOllIeK, a KOJIMqeCTBO KOllieK Bcero JIMllib B 3 pa3a 60JIbllIe

KOJIl1qeCTBa 6eJIbIX KOllieK.
 PeweHUR 93

fJIaBa 5. MHoroyrOJIbHHKH
5.1. 3a 60 MMH MMHyrHaJI CTpeJIKa nOBepHeTcH Ha 360° .
n03TOMY 3a

5 MMH OHa nOBepHeTC5I Ha

360° : 12 == 30°.

5.2. 3a 60 MMH qaCOBaJI CTpeJIKa nOBepHeTcH Ha CTOJIbKO )Ke rpa.n;y-

COB, Ha CKOJIbKO MMHyrHaJI nOBepHeTC5I 3a 5 MI1H, T. e. Ha 30°. n03TOMY
3a 20 MMH OHa nOBepHeTCH Ha

30° : 3 ==
10°.

5.3. nepl1MeTp TaKoro KBa.n;paTa .n;OJI)KeH 6bITb paBeH 50 CM, n03TO-

My.n;JIMHbI ero CTOpOH He Moryr 6bITb IJ;eJIbIMM qMCJIaMI1.

5.4. O.n;MH CTYJI nOCTaBbTe B yrOJI.

5.5. Ba cTYJIa nOCTaBbTe B npOTI1BOnOJIO)KHbIe yrJIbI KOMHaTb!. PH-

.n;OM C HMMM no 06e CTOpOHbI nOCTaBbTe no .n;Ba cTYJIa.

5.6. nOCTaBbTe B Ka)K)J;bIM M3 qeTbIpex yrJIOB O.n;MH CTYJI.
5.7. Ha llIaxMaTHoM .n;OCKe pa3MepoM 8 x 8 qepHbIX M 6eJIbIX KJIeTOK

nopoBHY. 06e BbIpe3aHHbIe KJIeTKM o.n;Horo IJ;BeTa. n03TOMY B OCTaB-

llIeMcH qaCTM .n;OCKM qepHbIX M 6eJIbIX KJIeTOK He MO)KeT 6bITb nopoBHY.

A pa3pe3aTb Ha npHMoyrOJIbHMKM, Ka)K)J;bIM M3 KOTOpbIX COCTOMT M3 o.n;-
HOM qepHOM M O.n;HOM 6eJIOM KJIeTKM, MO)KHO TOJIbKO <pMrypy, Y KOTOpOM
qepHbIX M 6eJIbIX KJIeTOK nopoBHY.
5.8. 06ee qMCJIO KJIeTOK HeqeTHO, n03ToMY qepHbIX 11 6eJIbIX KJIe-

TOK He MO)KeT 6bITb nopOBHY. nYCTb .n;JI5I onpe.n;eJIeHHOCTI1 qepHbIX KJIe-

TOK 60JIbllIe. Tor.n;a )KYKOB, CI1.n;HI1X Ha 6eJIbIX KJIeTKaX, MeHbllIe, qeM

qepHbIX KJIeTOK. I-Ia qepHbIe KJIeTKI1 nepenOJI3alOT :>KyKl1, CI1MMe Ha

6eJIbIX KJIeTKaX, n03TOMY XOTH 6bI o.n;Ha 113 qep-

HbIX KJIeTOK OCTaHeTC5I nycToM.
5.16. CM. pl1c. 5. n)THKTMpOM M306pIDKeH KBa;J;-

paT. nOCTpoeHHbIH yrOJI

-

3TO yrOJI Me)K)J;Y .n;Ma-

rOHaJIblO M CTOpOHOM 3Toro KBa.n;paTa, n03TOMY
OH .n;eMCTBI1TeJIbHO paBeH 45° .

5.18. CM. pl1c. 6. CHaqaJIa pa3pe)KbTe .n;OCKY

PMC. 5
Ha 4 paBHbIx KBa.n;paTa, a 3aTeM Ka)K)J;bIM KBa.n;paT
pa3pe)KbTe Tpe6yeMbIM cnoc060M.
5.21. 3TO MOrJIO nOJIyqMTbcH, eCJIM B nep-
-

BOM cJIyqae pa3pe3bI He nepeCeKaJIMCb Me)K)J;Y CO-

60M, a BO BTOpOM nepeCeKJIMcb. HanpMMep, eCJIM

B nepBoM cJIyqae pa3pe3bI 6bIJIM napaJIJIeJIbHbI

.n;pyr .n;pyry, a BO BTOpOM nepneHAMKYJIHpHbI. PMc.6
94 PeweHU5l

5.23. I1cxo.n;HaJI <pl1rypa co.n;ep)KI1T 18 KJIeTOK, n03ToMY Ka)l(.lJ;aJI 113

TpeX <pl1ryp, Ha KOTOpbIe H)0KHO ee pa36l1Tb, .n;OJDKHa co.n;ep)KaTb 6 KJIe-

TOK. I1epe60p nOKa3bIBaeT, qTO 5 KJIeTOK I1CKOMOM <pl1rypbI .n;OJI)KHbI JIe-

)KaTb B O.n;HOM p.H.n;y. CM. pl1c. 7.

- ----

---

! i
i I i
i
I ! --

I
I j
I
I
I
i I I

PI1C. 7

fJIaBa 6. eJIUMOeTb HarypaJIbHbIX queeJI

6.1. JI.H Toro qT06bI OHI1 MOrJII1 TaK nOMeH.HTbC.H, ql1CJIO KpaCHbIX
llIapl1KOB .n;OJI)KHbI 6bITb qeTHbIM.
6.2. I1.HTepKa Ha nOJIOBI1HKaX KocTeM .n;OMI1HO BCTpeqaeTCH 8 pa3.

BHyrpl1 u;enOqKI1 KocTeM Bce n.HTepKI1 pa3611TbI Ha napbI. Ee3 napbI OCTa-

JIaCb n.HTepKa Ha KOHu;e. I103TOMY OCTaBllIaJICH nHTepKa Haxo.n;I1TC.H Ha

.n;pyrOM KOHu;e.
6.3. I10cJIe Toro KaK JII1CTOK n06bIBaJI B pyKax Y 60raTbIp.H, qI1CJIO,
Ha HeM HanI1CaHHOe, MeIDIeT qeTHOCTb. I103TOMY nOCJIe 33 113MeHeHI1M
ql1CJIO CTaHeT HeqeTHbIM.

6.4. C)TMMa ql1ceJI Ha .n;BYX cTopoHax o.n;Horo JII1CTa HeqeTHa. C)TMMa

25 HeqeTHbIX ql1ceJI He MO)KeT 6bITb qeTHoM.
6.5. ECJII1 r.n;e-TO p.H,ZJ;OM CTO.HT .n;Be .n;eBOqKI1, TO p.H.n;OM C HI1MI1 -

CHO-

Ba .n;eBOQKI1, p.H,ZJ;OM C HI1MI1 CHOBa .n;eBOQKI1 11 T..n;. B 3TOM CJIyqae MaJIb-

QI1KOB Bo06e HeT, QTO npoTI1BOpeQI1T YCJIOBI1IO. AHaJIOrl1QHO npM.ZJ;eM

K npOTI1BOpeQI1IO, npe.n;nOJIO)KI1B, QTO r.n;e-To p.H,ZJ;OM CTO.HT .n;Ba MaJIbQI1-

Ka. I103TOMY MaJIbQI1KI1 11 .n;eBOQKI1 Qepe.n;yIOTC.H. CJIe.n;oBaTeJIbHO, .n;eBo-

QeK 11 MaJIbQI1KOB nopoBHY, T. e. .n;eBOQeK TO)Ke n.HTb.

6.6. PaCCMOTpl1M C)TMMY KOJII1QeCTB yqacTHI1KoB no BceM n.HTI1 KOH-

KypcaM. 3Ta cYMMa HeQeTHa, TaK KaK Ha Ka)K,lJ;OM KOHKypce n06bIBaJIO

HeQeTHOe KOJII1QeCTBO llIKOJIbHI1KOB. C .n;pyrOM CTOpOHbI, 3TO )Ke QI1CJIO

MO)KHO nOJIyql1Tb, CJIO)KI1B .n;JIH KIDI(.lJ;OrO llIKOJIbHI1Ka KOJII1QeCTBO KOH-

KypCOB, B KOTOpbIX OH yqacTBOBaJI. I10CKOJIbKY c)TMMa HeQeTHa 11 Bce

CJIaraeMbIe HeQeTHbI, TO I1X KOJII1QeCTBO HeQeTHO.

 PeweHU5l 95

6.7. ECJIM qMCJIO MapCMaH, Y KOTOpbIX HeqeTHOe ql1CJIO pyK, HeqeTHO,

TO qMCJIO BCeX pyK MapCMaH TO)Ke HeqeTHO. Ho, Kor.n;a MapCMaHe B3.H-

JIMCb 3a pyKM, MX PYKI1 pa36MJIMCb Ha napbI, n03TOMY qMCJIO Bcex pyK

MapCMaH qeTHO.

6.8. CyMMa Hanl1CaHHbIX qMCeJI HeqeTHa (oHa paBHa 21). 3a Ka»<.n;bIM

XO.n; 3Ta cyMMa YBeJIl1ql1BaeTC.H Ha 2, n03ToMY OHa OCTaeTC.H HeqeTHoM.
A cyMMa llIeCTM paBHbIx qMCeJI qeTHa.
6.9. qMCJIa 10, 15 11 20 .n;eJI.HTCH Ha 5, a qMCJIO 25 .n;eJIMTC.H Ha 52.
OCTaJIbHbIe qMCJIa OT 10 .n;o 25 Ha 5 He .n;ellilTC.H. n03TOMY paCCMaTpM-
BaeMoe npOM3Be.n;eHl1e .n;eJIMTCH Ha 55 M He .n;eJIMTC.H Ha 56. .HCHO TalOKe,
5
qTO OHO .n;eJIMTCH Ha 2 .

6.10. nOCJIe.n;IDIH QM<ppa npoM3Be.n;eHMH paBHa 1, a nOCJIe.n;IDI.H QM<ppa

pa3HOCTI1 paBHa o.
6.11. IJ;eHa 6yrblJIKI1 .n;eJIMTC.H Ha 3, M QeHa llIeCTI1 Kop06KOB CnMqeK

TO)Ke .n;eJIMTC.H Ha 3, n03ToMY 06aJI cyMMa, KOTOpyro .n;OJI)KeH 3anJIaTMTb

EMJIJI, .n;OJI)KHa .n;eJIMTbCH Ha 3. EapMeH Ha3BaJI 06yro CyMMY, He KpaT-

Hyro 3, n03ToMY cyMMa 6blJIa no.n;Cql1TaHa HeBepHo.
6.12. ECJIM 10 Bop06beB CKJIeBbIBalOT 60JIbllIe qeM 1100 3epHbIllIeK,
TO 9 Bop06beB CKJIeBbIBalOT 60JIbllIe qeM (1100: 10) .9 ==
990 3epHbI-
llIeK. no YCJIOBI1IO 9 Bop06beB CKJIeBbIBalOT MeHbllIe qeM 1001 3epHbIllI-
KO. Cpe.n;M qMCeJI OT 991 .n;o 1000 Ha 9 .n;eJIMTC.H TOJIbKO 999. n03TOMY
9 Bop06beB CKJIeBbIBaIOT 999 3epHbIllIeK, a 1 Bop06eM -

111 3epHbI-
llIeK.

6.13. Pa3HOCTb Me)K.n;y HaTypaJIbHbIM ql1CJIOM M qI1CJIOM, COCTaBJIeH-

HbIM M3 .n;BYX ero nOCJIe.n;HMX QI1<PP, .n;eJII1TCH Ha 100, n03ToMY OHa .n;e-
JIMTC.H M Ha 4.
6.14. nOCJIe.n;HHH l(11<ppa paBHa 0, 4 MJIM 8; cYMMa QM<pP .n;eJIMTC.H Ha 9.
6.15. ECJIM QI1CJIO a lOa .n;eJIMTC.H Ha 12, TO OHO .n;eJIMTC.H M Ha 4, M Ha 3.
3TO 03HaqaeT, QTO a ,l].eJII1TCH Ha 4 M 2a + 1 .n;eJIMTC.H Ha 3. 3TO B03MO)KHO

JIMllIb npM a ==
4. YHCJIO 4104 .n;eJIMTCH Ha 12.
6.16. qMCJIO opeXOB Y BOJIO.n;M 6blJI0 KpaTHo 3. nOcJIe Toro KaK OH

OT.n;aJI qaCTb opexoll nallJII1KY, OH CMor pa3.n;eJIMTb OCTaBllIMeC.H Y Hero

opeXM nopOBHY Me)K.n;y TpeMH 6eJIKaMM. n03TOMY KOJIMqeCTBO opeXOB,

KOTopbIe OH .n;aJI naBJIHKY, .n;eJIMTCH Ha 3 M He 60JIbllIe 5. CJIe.n;oBaTeJIbHO,
BOJIOM OT.n;aJI naBJII1KY 3 opexa.
6.17. KIDK.ZJ;aJI MbIlliKa 3a O.n;HY HOqb MO)KeT n06bIBaTb Ha CKJIa.n;e
C TpeMH .n;pyrMMM MbIlliKaMM. QT06bI n06bIBaTb Ha CKJIa.n;e C Ka»<.n;oM M3

23 .n;pyrMX MbIllIeK no O.n;HOMY pa3Y, eM He06xo.n;MMO 23 : 3 HOqeM. Ho

qMCJIO 23 He .n;eJII1TCH Ha 3. n03TOMY TaKaJI cMTyal(M.H HeB03MO)KHa.
96 PeweHU5l

6.18. O.n;HOM M3 6yKB .n;O]DKHa COOTBeTCTBOBaTb IJ;M<ppa 7. Tor.n;a Ta

qaCTb paBeHcTBa, B KOTOpYID BXO.n;MT 3Ta 6yKBa, 6y.n;eT .n;eJIMTbC.H Ha 7,

a .n;pyra.H He 6y.n;eT.
6.19. HanpMMep, 444444 .n;eJIMTCH Ha 33.
6.20. PaCCMOTpI1Te, HanpMMep, qMCJIa 1, 2, 3 MJIM 2, 4, 6.
6.21. MaJIbIIli B3.HJI B TPM pa3a 60JIbllIe TIJIlOllIeK, qeM EMM60, a KapJI-
COH -

B Tpl1 pa3a 60JIbllIe nJIlOllIeK, qeM MaJIbIIlI, T. e. B 9 pa3 60JIbllIe,

qeM EI1M60. A BMeCTe OHM B3.HJIM B 1 + 3 + 9 ==
13 pa3 60JIbllIe TIJIlOllIeK,
qeM EMM60. n03TOMY 06ee qMCJIO B3HTbIX TIJIlOllieK .n;eJII1TCH Ha 13.
Ho e.n;I1HCTBeHHoe TaKoe qMCJIO, KOTopoe He npeBocxo.n;MT 15, -

3TO 13.

3HaqMT, Ha 6JIIO.n;e OCTaJIOCb .n;Be TIJIIOIlIKM.

6.22. qMCJIO 8 MO)KHO npe.n;cTaBMTb B BI1.n;e CyMMbI Tpex pa3JIMqHbIX

HaTypaJIbHbIX ql1ceJI .n;BYMH cnoc06aMM: 8 ==
1 + 2 + 5 ==
1 + 3 + 4. qMC-
JIa 1, 3 M 4 He Moryr 6bITb TpeMH Hal1MeHbllIMMM .n;eJIMTeJIHMI1 qMCJIa A:
eCJIM A .n;eJII1TC.H Ha 4, TO OHO .n;eJII1TCH M Ha 2. 3HaqMT, TpM Hal1MeHbllIMX

.n;eJIMTeJIH qMCJIa A -

3TO 1, 2 11 5. TaKI1M 06pa30M, A .n;eJII1TCH Ha 10,

HO He .n;eJIMTCH Ha 4. n03TOMY QI1CJIO A OKaHqI1BaeTC.H pOBHO Ha O.n;MH

HYJIb.
6.23. HaM60JIbllIMM OCTaTOK npl1 .n;eJIeHMM Ha 7 paBeH 6, n03TOMY
MCKOMoe qMCJIO paBHo 7 .
5 + 6 ==
41.
6.24. OCTaToK npM .n;eJIeHMM Ha 7 He MO)KeT npeBbIllIaTb 6, n03TOMY
MHTepeCyIOMe Hac ql1CJIa MO)KHO npe.n;CTaBMTb B BM.n;e 7 a + a 8a, r.n;e
==

a ==
1, 2, ...,
6.
6.25. PaBeHCTBO 100==24.4+4 nOKa3bIBaeT, qTO 100 Q==4 cyr.+4 q.

6.26. npM .n;eJIeHMM Ha 3 QMCJIa 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 .n;alOT
B OCTaTKe 2, 1, 0, 2, 1, 0, 2, 1.
6.27. BbIHCHI1M, CKOJIbKO .n;OMOBbIX OKa3aJIOCb B JIM<pTe 3a peMc C 1- ro

Ha 7-M 3Ta)K M 06paTHo, .n;o MOMeHTa, Kor.n;a JIM<PT BepHYJIC.H Ha nep-

BbIM 3Ta)K. Ha I-M 11 7-M 3Ta)KaX BOllIJIO no O.n;HOMY .n;OMOBOMY, a Ha

Bcex OCTaJIbHbIX 3TIDKax -

no .n;Ba .n;OMOBbIX. TaKMM 06pa30M, 3a O.n;MH

peMc B JIM<PT 3aXOMT 12 .n;OMOBbIX. nO.n;eJIMM 1000 Ha 12 C OCTaTKOM:

1000 ==
83 .
12 + 4. 3HaQMT, nOCJIe 83 peMcoB B JIM<pT cMoryr BOMTM ee
4.n;OMOBbIX: Ha I-M, 2-M, 3-M M 4-M 3Ta)Kax.

6.28. a) OCTaTKM OT .n;eJIeHMH nOCJIe.n;OBaTeJIbHbIX HaTypaJIbHbIX QM-

ceJI Ha 2 paBHbI 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, ...

Cpe.n;M JII06bIX nOCJIe.n;OBaTeJIbHbIX

QeTbIpex (M .n;a)Ke .n;BYX) OCTaTKOB eCTb o.

6) OCTaTKM OT .n;eJIeHMH nOCJIe.n;OBaTeJIbHbIX HaTypaJIbHbIX QMCeJI Ha 3

paBHbI 1, 2, 0, 1, 2, 0, ...
Cpe.n;M JII06bIX nOCJIe.n;OBaTeJIbHbIX QeTbIpex
(11 .n;a)Ke Tpex) OCTaTKOB eCTb o.
 PeweHU5l 97

B) OCTaTKM OT .n;eJIeHMH rrOCJIe.n;OBaTeJIbHbIX HaTypaJIbHbIX qMCeJI Ha 4

paBHbI 1, 2, 3, 0, 1, 2, 3, 0, ...
Cpe.n;M JII06bIX rrOCJIe.n;OBaTeJIbHbIX qeTbIpex
OCTaTKOB eCTb o.

r) HM O.n;HO 113 qMCeJI 1, 2, 3, 4 He .n;eJIMTCH Ha 5.

6.29. ECJIM 3Ta cYMMa KpaTHa 3 (HaMMeHbllIee B03MO)KHOe qMCJIO-

9), MCrrOJIb3yeM TOJIbKO 3-py6JIeBbIe KynlOpbI. ECJIM rrpM .n;eJIeHMM Ha 3

OHa .n;aeT OCTaTOK 1 (Hal1MeHbllIee B03MO)KHOe qMCJIO -

10), TO 6epeM
.n;Be 5-py6JIeBbIe KyrrlOpbI, OCTaJIbHOe .n;OIIJIaqMBaeM 3-py6JIeBbIMM. ECJIM
)Ke rrpM .n;eJIeHI1M Ha 3 cyMMa .n;aeT OCTaTOK 2 (HaMMeHbllIee B03MO)KHOe

qMCJIO -

8), TO 6epeM o.n;HY 5-py6JIeB)'IO KynlOPy, OCTaJIbHOe .n;OIIJIaqMBa-

eM 3-py6JIeBbIMI1.
6.30. QI1CJIO 13 Ha 2 MeHbllIe, qeM 15. I103TOMY rrpM O.n;HOM M TOM)Ke

qaCTHOM n OCTaTOK OT .n;eJIeHMH m Ha 13 Ha 2n 60JIbllIe, qeM OCTaTOK OT

.n;eJIeHMH m Ha 15. OCTaToK OT .n;eJIeHMH Ha 15 paBeH 0, rr03ToMY 2n ==

8.

CJIe.n;oBaTeJIbHO, m ==
15 .4== 13 .4+ 8 ==
60.
6.31. 06MM Bec Bcex MelliKOB paBeH 139 Kr, 06I1M Bec rreCKa 11 CO-

JIM .n;eJIMTCH Ha 3. I103TOMY Bec MyKM .n;aeT OCTaTOK 1 rrpM .n;eJIeHMM Ha 3,

T. e. OH paBeH 13 MJII1 31. CooTBeTcTBeHHo, Bec COJIM paBeH 42 (rrec-
Ka -

84) MJIM 36 (rrecKa -

72). I1epBbIM CJIyqaM HeB03MO)KeH, rrOCKOJIbKY

B MelliKax BeCOM 31 11 36 Kr He MO)KeT 6bITb COJIb. Bo BTOpOM cJIyqae
COJIb MO)KeT 6bITb TOJIbKO B MelliKe BeCOM 36 Kr.

6.32. PaBeHCTBO

11 + (n + 1) + (n + 2) ==
3(n + 1)

rrOKa3bIBaeT, qTO cYMMa Tpex rrOCJIe.n;OBaTeJIbHbIX HaTypaJIbHbIX qMCeJI

.n;eJIMTCH Ha 3 11 60JIblIIe 3.
6.33. a) OCTaTKI1 OT .n;eJIeHMH rrOCJIe.n;OBaTeJIbHbIX HaTypaJIbHbIX qM-

ceJI Ha 2 paBHbI 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, ..., rr03ToMY cpe.n;M .n;BYX rrOCJIe.n;OBaTeJIb-

HbIX qMCeJI p
-

1 M P XOTH 6bI O.n;HO .n;eJIMTCH Ha 2. qMCJIO P He MO)KeT

.n;eJII1TbCH Ha 2, n03ToMY qMCJIa p + 1 M P

-

1 qeTHbIe.

6) OCTaTKI1 OT .n;eJIeHHH rrOCJIe.n;OBaTeJIbHbIX HaTypaJIbHbIX qMCeJI Ha 3

paBHbI 1, 2, 0, 1, 2, 0, ..., rr03ToMY cpe.n;M Tpex rrOCJIe.n;OBaTeJIbHbIX ql1ceJI

p
-

1, P M P + 1 XOTH 6bI O.n;HO .n;eJIMTCH Ha 3. qMCJIO P He MO)KeT .n;eJII1TbCH

Ha 3.
6.34. a) OCTaTKH OT .n;eJIeHMH rrOCJIe.n;OBaTeJIbHbIX HaTypaJIbHbIX qM-

ceJI Ha 4 paBHbI 1, 2, 3, 0, 1, 2, 3, 0, ...

I103TOMY M3 qeTbIpex rrOCJIe.n;o-
BaTeJIbHbIX qMCeJI p 1, p, P + 1 M P
-

+ 2 XOTH 6bI O.n;HO .n;eJIMTCH Ha 4.

06a qMCJIa p M P + 2 HeqeTHbI, rr03ToMY O.n;HO M3 ql1ceJI p + 1 MJIM P
-

.n;eJIMTCH Ha 4.
98 PeweH U5l

6) HanpMMep, npM p
==
13 06a 3TM qMCJIa Ha 5 He .n;eJI.HTC.H.
6.35. Y JII060ro qMCJIa n Bcer.n;a eCTb .n;eJII1TeJII1 1 M n. ECJIM Y n eCTb

.n;eJII1TeJIb m, TO eCTb M .n;eJII1TeJIb n : m. eJII1TeJIM m M n : m .n;OJI)KHbI COB-

2
na.n;aTb, n03TOMY n ==
m .
KpoMe Toro, qMCJIO m .n;OJI)KHO 6bITb npOCTbIM.
n03TOMY pOBHO no TpM pa3JIMqHbIX .n;eJIMTeJI.H I1MelOT TOJIbKO KBa.n;paTbI
npOCTbIX qMCeJI.

6.36. Pa3JIO)KMM qMCJIO 203 Ha npocTbIe MHO)KMTeJII1: 203 ==

7 .29.
Bce OCTaJIbHbIe COMHO)KMTeJIM .n;OJI)KHbI 6bITb e.n;MHMIJ;aMM. CYMMa Bcex

3TMX COMHO)KMTeJIeM TalOKe paBHa 203, II03TOMY B npoM3Be.n;eHMI1.n;OJI)K-

HO 6bITb 203 -

(7 + 29) ==
167 e.n;I1HMIJ;.
6.37. 3a O.n;MH MeC.HIJ; pe6.HTa C06paJIM 49685 : 5 ==
9937 py6. 3Ta

cYMMa HBJI.HeTCH npoM3Be.n;eHMeM qMCJIa yqeHMKoB Ha e)KeMeC.HqHbIM

B3HOC Ka)l{)J;OrO M3 HI1X. LJMCJIO 9937 MO)KeT 6bITb npe.n;cTaBJIeHO B Bl1f];e

npoM3Be.n;eHM.H .n;BYX COMHO)KMTeJIeM TOJIbKO .n;BYMH cnoc06aMM: 9937 ==

==
9937.1 ==
19.523. Ho yqeHMKoB B KJIaCce He MO)KeT 6bITb HM 9937,
HM 523. CJIe.n;oBaTeJIbHO, e.n;I1HcTBeHHbIM Bapl1aHT: 19 pe6.HT e)KeMeC.Hq-

HO BHOCMJIM no 523 py6.

6.38. BOCnOJIb3yMTecb TeM, QTO HOK(12, 15) ==
60.
6.39. 3aHYMepyeM no nopH.n;Ky.n;HM nOCJIe 30 MapTa: 1-M .n;eHb
-

3TO

1 anpeJill, ...,
31-M .n;eHb-3TO 1 MaR M T..n;. KOJI.H 6y.n;eT B KMHOTeaTpe
B .n;HM, HOMepa KOTOpbIX .n;eJI.HTC.H Ha 4, Cepe)Ka -

B .n;HI1, HOMepa KO-

TOpbIX .n;eJI.HTC.H Ha 5, BaIDI -

B .n;HM, HOMepa KOTOpbIX .n;eJIHTC.H Ha 6.

BMecTe OHM 6y.n;yr B KMHOTeaTpe B .n;HM, HOMepa KOTOpbIX .n;eJI.HTC.H Ha

HOK( 4, 5, 6) == 60. nepBbIM TaKoM .n;eHb

-

3TO 30 MaR.

6.40. C)'MMa IJ;M<PP BToporo qMCJIa paBHa 9 (nepexo.n;a qepe3 .n;eB.HT-

KY 6bITb He MO)KeT, TaK KaK B

nepBOM qMCJIe HeT IJ;11<PPbI 9). n03TOMY
BTopoe ql1CJIO .n;eJII1TC.H Ha 9 M Ha 8. Hal1MeHbllIee TaKoe qMCJIO -

3TO

HOK(8, 9) ==
72. Y npe.n;bI.n;erO qMCJIa 71 c)'MMa IJ;M<pP paBHa 8.
6.41. H)')KHO HaMTM HaTypaJIbHOe qMCJIO, KOTopoe MeHbllIe 50 11 .n;e-
JIMTCH Ha HOK(2, 3, 7) ==
42. TaKoe ql1CJIO TOJIbKO O.n;HO, n03ToMY B KJIacce

42 yqeHMKa; 6 M3 HI1X nOJIyqI1JIM nHTepKM; 14-qeTBepKM; 21-TpoMKM.

CJIe.n;oBaTeJIbHO, .n;BOMKY nOJIyqMJI O.n;MH yqeHMK.
6.42. 06a qMCJIa .n;eJI.HTC.H Ha 111, npMqeM

111111 : 111 ==
1001 M 111111111 ==
1001001.

LJI1CJIa 1001 M 1001001 He MMelOT 06m;MX .n;eJIMTeJIeM. eMCTBI1TeJIbHO,

JII060M I1X 06m;I1M .n;eJII1TeJIb .n;OJI)KeH 6bITb TalOKe .n;eJIMTeJIeM MX pa3HOCTM

1 001 001 -

1001 ==
1 000000.
 PellleHU5l 99

fJlaBa 7. 06bIKHoBeHHble 11 CMemaHHble po611

7.1. BeJIOCMne.n;l1cT npOllIeJI B.n;Boe MeHbllIMM nyrb, qeM npoexaJI,
a 3aH.HJIO 3TO B.n;Boe 60JIbllIe BpeMeHI1.
7.2. CKOpOCTb TOJIH COCTaBJIHeT
';0 OT CKOpOCTH Cepe)!{H,
9
n03ToMY

K MOMeHTY, Kor.n;a <l>I1Hl1l IMpOBaJI AHTOH, TOJI.H npo6e)KaJI 10 paCCTO.H-

HIDI, npeOOJIeHHoro Cepe)!{eH,

..
T. e. 90.
';0 = 81
3
M.

4
73 B Topoe 11 COCTaBJI.HIOT 11
TpeTbe Be.n;pa "2 3 nepBoro, n03ToMY
..

ql1CJIO JIMTpOB, KOTopbIe BMeaeT nepBoe Be.n;po, .n;eJIMTCH Ha 6. ECJIM

Be.n;pa BMeaIOT 6, 9 11 8 JIMTpOB, TO B HI1X BMeCTe 23 JIMTpa. ECJIM )Ke

OHI1 BMeaIOT 12, 18 11 16 JIMTpOB, TO B HI1X BMeCTe 46 JIMTpOB, qero He

MO)KeT 6bITb.
7.4. nepBoe YCJIOBl1e 03HaqaeT, qTO KHl1ra CTOMT 60JIbllIe qeM

11
py6. ==
1 py6. 10 Kon.
10

BTopoe YCJIOBMe 03HaqaeT, qTO KHMra CTOMT MeHbllIe qeM

10 1
py6. ==
1 py6. Kon.
"9 119
n03TOMY KHMra CTOI1T 1 py6. 11 Kon.

7.5. fIepBbLu cnoco6 EeJIbIX OCbMI1HO)f(KOB 6bIJIO TpeTb OT o6m;ero

KOJIMqeCTBa, M OHI1 He nepeKpallIl1BaJII1Cb. ECJIM CJIO)KI1Tb 10 11 18, TO

nOJIyqMTC.H KOJII1QeCTBO Bcex ,l];eTeH BMeCTe, K KOTOPOMY npl16aBJIeHO KO-

4 '-' 4
JIMqeCTBO 6 eJIbIX, T. e. OT KOJII1'-IeCTBa Bcex .n;eTel1. 3 Haql1T, OT KOJII1-
3" 3
qeCTBa .n;eTeM B ceMeHKe pallHo 28, n03ToMY Bcero .n;eTeH 21.

Bmopou cnoco6. nOcJIe nepeKpallIl1BaHI1H nOJIOCaTbIX OCbMMHO)KKOB

CTaJIO Ha 18 -

10 ==
8 60JIbllIe, qeM CI1HI1X. 3Haq11T, nOJIOCaTbIMM CTa-

JIM 8 : 2 ==
4 CI1HI1X OCbMI1HO)KKa. EeJIbIX M «cTapbIx nOJIOCaTbIX» 6bIJIO
18 -

4 ==
14, T. e. no 14: 2 ==
7 Ka)f(,lJ;OrO IJ;BeTa. A Bcero B pa3HOIJ;BeTHOH
ceMeMKe 3 .

7 ==
21 pe6eHoK.
7.6. YpoBeHb BO,l];bI npl1 O.n;HOM BKJIlOqeHHOM Hacoce 11 Teql1 no.n;-
HMMaJIC.H Ha 2 CM/MI1H, a npM BKJIlOqeHHbIX .n;BYX 11 TeqM onycKaJICH
Ha 2 CM/MI1H. n03TOMY O,l];I1H Hacoc OTKaqMBaeT 4 CM/MI1H, a .n;Ba Ha-

coca OTKaqMBalOT 8 CM/MI1H. BpeM.H, 3a KOTopoe .n;Ba Hacoca OTKaqalOT

5
OCTaTOK BO.n;bI, paBHo 10: 8 ==
MMH.
4
7.7. To, qTO BI1.n;eTb nOKa paHO, .n;Be TpeTM .n;eBOqeK )TBM.n;eJII1 npaBbIM
rJIa30M, a .n;Be TpeTI1 MaJIbql1KOB -

JIeBbIM. Bcero O.n;MH rJIa3 He 3aKpbIJIM

.n;Be TpeTI1 Bcex yqeHI1KOB, T. e. 22 qeJIOBeKa.
100 PeweHWl

n+m n
7.8. a) 113 paBeHCTBa
==
2 -

CJIe.n;yeT, qTO m ==
3n;
2 m m
n+m n
6) 113 paBeHCTBa
==
3- CJIe.n;yeT, qTO m ==
5n;
2 m m
n+m n
B) 113 paBeHCTBa
==
4- CJIe.n;yeT, qTO m ==
7n.
2 m m
7.9. np0l13Be.n;eHl1e ql1CJII1TeJIR I1CKOMOM .n;po611 Ha 11 .n;OJI:>KHO 6bITb
60JIbllIe 5 .15 ==
75 11 MeHbllIe 6.16 ==
90. HepaBeHcTBa 66 < 75 < 77 <

< 88 < 90 < 99 nOKa3bIBaIOT, qTO ql1CJII1TeJIeM MO:>KeT 6bITb TOJIbKO 7 11 8.

111
7.11. 3TI1 .n;po611 paBHbI 1 -

1 -

1-
5
'
4' 6.
78 1 90 1
7.12. CpaBHI1M CHaqaJIa .n;po611 1 -
== 11 1 -
==
.
.HCHO, qTO
79 79 91 91
1 1 78 90
> ' n03ToMY < .

79 91 79 91
m m+4
7.13. 113 paBeHCTBa
==
CJIe.n;yeT, qTO 10m ==
4n, T. e. 5m ==
2n.
11 n + 10
7.14. C)'MMa ql1CJII1TeJIR 11 3HaMeHaTeJIR He 113MeHI1TCR, eCJII1 113 o.n;-
Horo 113 HI1X BblqeCTb, a KO BTOPOMY npl16aBI1Tb O.n;HO 11 TO :>Ke qI1CJIO. 3Ta

C)'MMa paBHa 1000, n03ToMy.n;po6b nepe.n; COKpam;eHl1eM .n;OJI:>KHa 6bITb

paBHa . t.J:To6bI ee rrOJIyqHTb, Hap;o BbIqeCTb H rrpH6aBHTb qHCJIO 437.

2 1
7.15. EypaTI1HO npocnaJI OT nOJIOBI1HbI nyrl1, T. e. OCTaJIb-
"3 "3 nyrl1.
2
Hble
"3 nyrl1
OH 60.n;pcTBOBaJI.
7.16. C}'MMa Bcex

OJ
p;aHHbIX p;po6eH
.. 1
60JIbme 1, rrOCKOJIbKY
OJ 1
+ >
. 1
7 17 B nepBbII1 .n;eHb B aCR npoqeJI a BO BTOpOI1 .n;eHb
-

OT 1 -

2:' "3 2:
· ·
'

I .. 112
T. e. n 03TOMY 3a nepBble 2 .n;IDI B aCR npoqeJI + ==
KHl1rl1, a B Tpe-
6. 2: 6 "3
THH p;eHb OH rrpoqe.n OCTaBmyIOCH KHHrH. TaKHM o6pa30M, OH ycrreJI
3a 3 .n;IDI npOqeCTb BCIO KHl1ry.
7.18. OT nepBoro <pJIIDKKa .n;o BOCbMoro 7 npOMe:>KyrKoB, a OT nep-
Boro .n;o .n;BeHa.n;u;aToro 11 npOMe:>KyrKoB. Ka:>K,Z.J;bIM npOMe:>KyroK Me:>K,Z.J;y
8
<p JIa :>KKaMI1 cnopTcMeH npo6eraeT 3a c, n03ToMY 11 npOMe:>KyrKoB OH
7
8 88 4
np06e:>KI1T 3a 11. == ==
12 c.
7 7 7
7.19. CKOpOCTb .n;BI1:>KeHlliI nepBoro nOe3,l];a OTHOCI1TeJIbHO naCCIDKI1-

pa paBHa
81000 45
45 + 36 ==
81 KM/q, T.e. ==
M/c.
60.60 2"
n03TOMY .n;JII1Ha nepBoro noe3.n;a paBHa
45
135
2".6== M.

7.20. nOMeCTI1M Ha .n;BYX rpY30BI1Kax no Tpl1 nOJIHble 60qKI1, no o.n;-

HOM HanOJIHeHHOM HanOJIOBI1HY 11 no Tpl1 nycTble, a Ha TpeTbeM
-

O.n;HY
 PeweHWl 101

nOJIH)'IO, 5 HanOJIHeHHbIX HanOJIOBI1HY 11 O.n;HY nycT)'IO. Tor.n;a Ha Ka)f(,l.J;OM

1 5
rpY30BI1Ke 6y.n;eT no 7 60qeK. PaBeHcTBo 3 + ==
1 + nOKa3bIBaeT, qTO
2: 2:
BO.n;bI Ha Ka)f(,l.J;OM rpY30BI1Ke TO:>Ke 6y.n;eT nopoBHY.
1 1
7.21. Ha C)'MMY 1 + 2 ==
4 Kr c.n;Bl1r CTpeJIKI1 BJII1ReT .n;Ba)l()];bI, a Ha
2 2
1
Bec
32: Kr -

TOJIbKO O.n;I1H pa3. n03TOMY c.n;Bl1r CTpeJIKI1 paBeH

1 1
4-3 ==
Kr.
2 2
npaBl1JIbHbIi1 Bec CBH30K Ha nOJIKI1JIO MeHbllIe, qeM nOKa3bIBalOT BeCbI.

7.22. B KffiK,lJ;bIH: 6I1,l1;OH nepe.nI1TO no 06'beMa 6aKa. 3HaQI1T,

06'beM nepBom 6I1,l1;OHa paBeH 2 · =
6aKa,
.. 3 1 1
o 6 'beM BToporo paBeH
.
==
6 aKa,
2 3" 2:
..
4 1 4
a 0 6 'beM TpeTbero paBeH
.
==
6 aKa.
3" 3" 9"
Bce 3TI1 KOJIlNeCTBa -

IJ;eJIbIe ql1CJIa, n03TOM)' 06'beM 6aKa .n;eJII1TCH Ha

HOK(2, 3, 9) ==
18. 3HaqlIT, MI1HI1MaJIbHaH BMeCTI1MOCTb 6aKa paBHa 18 JI.

7.23. Pa3.n;eJIl1Te Ka)l()];)'10 CTOPOHY KBa.n;paTa Ha 500 paBHbIx QaCTei1,

2
npoBe.n;I1Te Qepe3 HI1X npRMbIe 11 pa3.n;eJII1Te KBa.n;paT Ha 500 KBa.n;paTOB
1
CO CTOpOHOI1 CM. C )'MMa CTOpOH 3TI1X KBa.n;paTOB paBHa
500
2 1
4 .
500 .
==
2000 CM.
500
7.24. ECJII1 OT lllHypKa oTpe3aTb QeTBepTb (.n;JIR 3Toro H)')KHO .n;Ba-
)f(,l.J;bI CJIO:>KI1Tb ero nOnOJIaM), OCTaHeTCR KaK pa3 50 CM. )J;ei1cTBI1TeJIbHO,
3 2 1
.

4 3 ==2.
7.25. MI1JIa 3aBapl1JIa 57 CTaKaHOB, n03ToMY y Hee 6billO He 60JIee

5; =

28 naKeTI1KOB.
83 2
TaIDI 3aBapWIa 83 CTaKaHa, n03ToM)' Y Hee 6 bill 0

He MeHee ==
naKeTI1Ka. naKeTI1KOB 6bVIO E.n;I1H-
3 273" Y HI1X
1
nopoBHY.
2
CTBeHHoe u;eJIoe QI1CJIO, KOTopoe He 60JIbllIe 28 11 He MeHbllIe 27
2 3 ,

3TO 28.
7.30. nOI1CK npl1Mepa yrrpom;aeTCR, eCJII1 3aMeTI1Tb, QTO HI1 O.n;I1H
3HaMeHaTeJIb He MO:>KeT 6bITb paBeH HI1 1 (Tor.n;a 3HaMeHaTeJII1 OCTaB-

1lII1XCR .n;po6ei1 COBna.n;aJII1 6bI), HI1 5 I1JII1 7 (ecJII1 3HaMeHaTeJIb Heco-

KpaTI1Moi1 .n;P0611, paBHoi1 c)'MMe I1JII1 pa3HOCTI1 .n;BYX .n;po6ei1, .n;eJII1TCR

Ha npocToe QI1CJIO, TO Ha 3TO npOCToe QI1CJIO .n;eJII1TCR 11 3HaMeHaTeJIb

XOTR 6bI O.n;H0i1113 3TI1X .n;BYX .n;po6ei1).

7.32. nepBaH nOJIOBI1Ha nyrl1 3aIDIJIa 1 Q, BTOpaH nOJIOBI1Ha nyrl1
3aIDIJIa 3 Q. nyrb B 24 KM 3aIDIJI 4 Q, n03ToMY cpe.n;IDIR CKOpOCTb paBHa
24
==
6 KM/Q.
"4
102 PeweHWl

7.33. C)'MMa Bcex B03pacToB I1rpOKOB 6bVIa 11 .

22 ==
242, a nOCJIe

y,n;aJIeHI1R CTaJIa 10.21 210.

==
n03TOMY B03pacT y,n;aJIeHHOrO I1rpOKa
paBeH 242 210 -
==
32.
7.34. I13MeHeHl1e OQeHKI1 Ha 24 OqKa 113MeIDIeT cpe,n;HI1M 6aJIJI Ha

3 OqKa. n03TOMY KOJIl1qeCTBO TeCTOB paBHo 24 : 3 ==

8.
7.35. Cpe,n;Hee apl1<pMeTl1qeCKOe qeTbIpex ql1ceJI paBHo 10, n03ToMY
c)'MMa 3TI1X ql1ceJI paBHa 40. AHaJIOrl1QHO C)'MMa Tpex Ql1ceJI 6e3 nep-
Boro paBHa 33, c)'MMa Tpex Ql1ceJI 6e3 BToporo paBHa 36, a c)'MMa Tpex
Ql1ceJI 6e3 TpeTbero paBHa 39. CJIe,n;oBaTeJIbHO, nepBoe QI1CJIO paBHo 7,
BTopoe paBHo 4, TpeTbe paBHo 1. TaKI1M o6pa30M, cpe,n;Hee apl1<pMeTI1-
QeCKOe nepBbIx Tpex Ql1ceJI paBHo 4, a 3TO Ha 6 MeHbllIe, QeM 10.
7.36. nYCTb c)'MMa n Ql1ceJI paBHa m. Tor,n;a I1X cpe,n;Hee apl1<pMeTI1-
m
QeCKOe a paBHo . ECJII1 K 3ToM rpynne Ql1ceJI ,n;o6aBI1Tb I1X cpe,n;Hee
n

apl1<pMeTI1QeCKOe, TO C)'MMa HOBOM rpynnbI Ql1ceJI 6y,n;eT paBHa

m mn+m m(n+l)
m+a ==
m+ == ==

n n n'

a I1X KOJII1QeCTBO 6y,n;eT paBHO n + 1. n03TOMY I1X cpe,n;Hee apl1<pMeTI1Qe-

CKoe 6y,n;eT paBHo
1 m(n+l) ==
m
==
-.
a.
n+l n 11

TaKI1M o6pa30M, cpe,n;Hee apl1<pMeTI1QeCKOe HOBoM rpynnbI paBHo cpe,n;-

HeMY apl1<pMeTI1QeCKoMY HaQaJIbHoM rpynnbI.
7.37. TpeTI1M I1rpOK BbI611JI (60 + 80) : 2 ==
70 OQKOB. Ka:>f\lJ;bIM CJIe-

,n;yroI .J;I1H TO:>Ke BbI611BaJI no 70 OQKOB: eCJII1 B rpyrrny Ql1ceJI ,n;o6aBI1Tb

QI1CJIO, paBHoe cpe,n;HeMY apl1<pMeTI1QeCKoMY 3TOH rpyrrnbI, TO cpe,n;Hee
apl1<pMeTI1QeCKOe HOBOH rpyrrnbI 6y,n;eT paBHO cpe,n;HeMY apl1<pMeTI1Qe-
CKOMY HaQaJIbHOH rpynnbI. (3TO ,n;OKa3aHO B pellIeHl111 3a,n;aQI1 7.36.)

fJIaBa 8. MHororpaHHHKH

8.3. nl1paMI1,n;y MO:>KHO IIoBepHyrb TaK, QTo6bI o,n;Ha ,

,
,

BepllIl1Ha 6bVIa 3aCJIOHeHa rpaHblO. ,

,
,
8.4. nOCMOTpl1Te Ha nl1paMI1,n;y, CTORII.J;yro Ha CTOJIe, ,
,
,

cBepxy. ,
,
,
8.5. nl1paMI1,n;y H)')KHO pacnOJIO:>KI1Tb TaK, QTo6bI ,n;Ba
ee 6bVII1 PI1C. 8
pe6pa napaJIJIeJIbHbI IIJIOCKOCTI1, Ha KOTOpyro
oT6pacbIBaeTcR TeHb (Pl1c. 8).
 PeweHlLR 103

8.11. MO:>KHO CJIO:>KI1Tb Tpl1 KMprrl1qa TaK,

KaK rrOKa3aHO Ha pl1C. 9, 11 113Mepl1Tb paCCTO-
RHl1e Me)KfJ;Y OTMeqeHHbIMI1 TOQKaMI1.

8.12. Ky6MK, CTORIIJ;MM B QeHTpe, corrpl1-

KacaeTCR C llIeCTblO Ky6I1KaMI1; Ky6I1KI1, CTOR-

IIJ;l1e B BepllIl1HaX,
-

c ,n;BYMH, a Ky6I1KI1, CTOR-

IIJ;l1e Ha cTopoHax TpeyrOJIbHI1Ka,

-

C QeTbIpb- Pl1c.9
MR. n03TOMY rrpM HOBOM rrepeKJIa,n;Ke Ky611K
113 u;eHTpa MO:>KeT rrorraCTb TOJIbKO B BepllII1HY,
a B QeHTp
-

TOJIbKO 113 BepllIl1HbI. nYCTb, Harrpl1Mep, B u;eHTp rrorra,n;eT

Ky611K 1, a Ky611K 5 -

B BepxHlO1O BepllII1HY. Tor,n;a Ha MeCTO Ky611KOB 2

11 3 Moryr JIeQb TOJIbKO Ky611KM 7 11 10, rrOCKOJIbKY OCTaJIbHbIe Ky611KM
)')Ke COrrpl1KaCaJIMCb C Ky611KOM 5. B HI1:>KHl1e BepllIl1HbI ,n;OJI:>KHbI JIeqb

Ky6I1KI1, He
KOTopbIe COrrpl1KaCaJII1Cb C Ky611KOM 1, T. e. Ky611KI1 2 11 3.

PR,n;OM Ky611KOM
C 2 Moryr JIe:>KaTb Ky611KI1 6, 8 11 9, a pR,n;OM C Ky611-

KOM 3 Ky611KI1
-

4, 8 11 9. n03TOMY r,n;e-TO pR,n;OM C Ky611KOM 2 H)')KHO

rrOJIO:>KI1Tb Ky611K 6, a pR,n;OM C Ky611KOM 3 Ky611K 4. XOTR 6bI O,n;I1H 113 -

3TI1X Ky611KOB H)')KHO H)')KHO rrOJIO:>KI1Tb B caMOM HI13Y, QTo6bI Ky611KI1 8

11 9 He COrrpI1KaCaJII1Cb.
8.14. BbIpe:>KI1Te TaKl1e <Pl1rypbI 113 6)'Marl1 11 CBepHI1Te 113 HI1X rro-

BepXHOCTb Ky6a.. CrM6aTb <pMrypbI H)l)KHO rro ,n;l1arOHaJIHM KBa,n;paTI1KoB.

8.16. "lJepHbIH M 6eJIbIH KP)')KKI1 ,n;OJI:>KHbI Haxo,n;I1TbCR Ha rrpOTI1BO-
rrOJIO:>KHbIX rpaHHx, rro3ToMY BTOpOM Ky611K CKJIel1Tb HeJIb3R. TpeyrOJIb-
HI1K Ha rrepe,n;HeH rpaHI1 TpeTbero Ky6MKa YKa3bIBaeT Ha rpaHb C 6e-
JIbIM Kp}')KKOM, a Ha Ky6e, CJIO:>KeHHOM M3 pa3BepTKI1, o6a TpeyrOJIbHI1Ka
,n;OJI:>KHbI yKa3bIBaTb B CTOPOHY OT 6eJIoro Kp)')KKa. n03TOMY TpeTI1M KY-
611K CJIO:>KMTb HeJIb3R.

8.18. CJIo}J(MTe rrapaJIJIeJIerrl1rre,n; 113 QeTbIpex Ky6I1KOB, «3aBepHI1Te»

ero B KBa,n;paT 4 x 4, a HI13 11 Bepx 3aKJIeMTe KBa,n;paTaMI1 1 x 1.
8.19. Y pa3BepTKI1 13 pe6ep, KOTopbIe HI1 C QeM He CKJIeI1BaIOTCR,
11 22 pe6pa, KOTopbIe rrorrapHo CKJIeI1BaIOTCR. n03TOMY y MHororpaH-
HI1Ka
22
13 + ==
24 pe6pa.
2

CBepH)'B MHorOrpaHHI1K 113 3TOM pa3BepTKI1, HeCJIO:>KHO y6e,n;I1TbCR, QTO

3TO Ky6, OT KOToporo OTpe3aHbI Bce BepllIl1HbI TpeyrOJIbHbIMI1 ceQe-

HlliIMI1, rrpoxo,n;RIIJ;I1MI1 Qepe3 cepe,n;I1HbI pe6ep Ky6a. BepllIl1HbI 3Toro

MHorOrpaHHI1Ka
-

cepe,n;I1HbI pe6ep Ky6a. n03TOMY BepllIl1H CTOJIbKO

:>Ke, CKOJIbKO pe6ep y Ky6a, T. e. 12.

104 PeweHWl

8.20. CHaqaJIa BbIpe)l(bTe <p11:rypy, 11306pa)l(eHH)'IO Ha pl1c. 10. 3aTeM

B03bMI1Te ee B pyKl1, ,n;ep)l(a JIeBoM PYKOM JIeBbIM KpaM, a rrpaBoM- rrpa-
0

BbIM, 11 rrOBepHI1Te rrpaBbIM KpaM Ha ce6H Ha 180 .

PMC. 10

8.28. PaCCMOTpl1M qaCTI1, Ha KOTopbIe ,n;eJIHT rrOJIOcKY rrpoBe,n;eHHbIe

JII1HI1I1. ECJII1 n qeTHO, TO paBHOOTCTOHrn;l1e OT KpaeB qaCTI1 rrpl1 CKJIel1-

BaHl111 06pa3)'1OT O,n;HY qaCTb. ECJII1 n HeqeTHO, TO cpe,n;IDIH qaCTb CKJIe-

I1BaeTCH caMa C co6oM, a OCTaJIbHbIe qaCTI1 rrorrapHO CKJIeI1BaIOTCH, KaK

.. n-l n+l
11 B cJIyqae qeTHOrO n. B cero rrOJIyqaeTcH + 1 ==
qaCTel1.

8.29. KOHQbI rrOJIOCOK CKJIel1BalOTCH B TOM )l(e rrOpH.n;Ke, KaK 11 paHbllIe.

fJIaBa 9. .l(onOJIHHTeJIbHbIe TeKCTOBbIe 3aaqH

9.1. ECJII1 K Becy MallIl1 11 MaMbI rrpl16aBI1Tb Bec MallIl1 11 rrarrbI, TO

rrOJIyqI1TCH Ha 10 + 50 ==
60 Kr 60JIbllIe, qeM Bec MaMbI 11 rrarrbI. n03TOMY
y,n;BoeHHbIM Bec MallIl1 paBeH 60 Kr.

9.2. ECJII1 CJIO)l(l1Tb Bec KOJII1 11 MaMbI, KOJII1 11 rrarrbI, MaMbI 11 rrarrbI,
TO rrOJIyql1TcH y,n;BoeHHbIM Bec Bcex BMeCTe. n03TOMY Bce BMeCTe BeCHT

(100 + 120 + 140) : 2 ==

360: 2 ==
180 Kr. ECJII1113 o6rn;ero Beca BbIqeCTb

Bec KOJIM 11 MaMbI, TO rrOJIyql1M Bec rraIIbI: 180 -

100 ==
80 Kr. Bec MaMbI

paBeH 140-80==60 Kr. Bec KOJII1 paBeH 100-60==40 Kr.

9.3. fIepBbLu cnoco6. Bec MOJIOKa B rrOJIOBI1He 611,n;oHa paBeH pa3Ho-

CTI1 Me)l(.Z];y BeCOM rrOJIHOrO 611,n;oHa C MOJIOKOM 11 BeCOM 611,n;oHa, HarrOJI-

HeHHoro ,n;o rrOJIOBI1HbI, T. e. OH paBeH 16 Kr. 3Haq11T, Bec 6M.ZJ;OHa 1 Kr.

 PeweHWl 105

Bmopou cnoco6. Bec 6M,n;OHa paBeH pa3HOCTM Me:>K,ZJ;Y y,n;BOeHHbIM Be-

COM 6M,n;OHa, HarrOJIHeHHOrO ,n;0 rrOJIOBMHbI (T. e. BeC CO,n;ep:>KMMOrO IIJIIOC

y,n;BOeHHbIM 611,n;OHa), BeC H BeCOM rrOJIHOrO 611,n;OHa (T. e. BeC 6M,n;OHa

IIJIIOC BeC cO,n;ep:>KI1MOrO). 3Haq11T, BeC 6M,n;OHa paBeH 1 Kr.

9.4. 3apaHee 6bIJIO orrpe,n;eJIeHO 5 BbICTpeJIOB, OCTaJIbHbIe 12 reHa

3aCJI)':>K11JI rrorra,n;aHMHMM B u;eJIb

-

rro 2 BbICTpeJIa 3a Ka:>K,ZJ;Oe. 3HaqMT,

rrorra,n;aHI1M 6bIJIO 6.
9.5. ECJII1 neT.H c,n;eJIaJI 50 BbICTpeJIOB, TO 45 rrYJIb OH rroJIyql1JI 3a

ycrrellIHbIe BbICTpeJIbI. Ho ,n;JI.H 3Toro eMY Ha,n;o 6bIJIO rrorraCTb B u;eJIb

9 pa3. A OH yrBep:>K,n;aeT, qTO c,n;eJIaJI TOJIbKO 8 MeTKMX BbICTpeJIOB. 3Ha-

ql1T, OH HerrpaB.
9.6. Bcero yqacTHMK Mor Ha6paTb 20.12 ==
240 OqKOB, HO rrpl1 KIDK-

,n;OM HeBepHoM OTBeTe 3Ta cyMMa OqKOB )'MeHbllIaeTCJI Ha 22. OHa )'MeHb-
IlIl1JIaCb Ha 240 -

86 ==
154 OqKa, rr03ToMY Ha 154: 22 ==
7 BorrpocoB

yqacTHMK OTBeTI1JI HerrpaBl1JIbHO, a Ha OCTaJIbHbIe 13 rrpaBl1JIbHo.

9.7. qyp6aqKOB Bcer,n;a Ha 1 60JIbllIe, qeM paCrrl1JIOB, rrOCKOJIbKY rrep-
BbIM pacrrl1JI ,n;eJII1T 6peBHo Ha ,n;Be QaCTI1, a Ka:>K,ZJ;bIM CJIe,n;)'IOm;I1M rrpl1-
6aBJIJIeT em;e O,n;I1H Qyp6aQOK.
9.8. QT06bI paCrrMJII1Tb 6peBHo Ha 5 QacTeM, H)':>KHO c,n;eJIaTb 4 pac-
rrl1JIa. no YCJIOBI1IO Ha O,n;MH pacrrl1JI H)':>KHO 5 MI1H.

9.9. 113 KIDK.ZJ;OrO 6peBHa rrOJIyqaeTC.H Ha 1 qyp6aQOK 60JIbllIe, QeM pac-

rrI1JIOB. Qyp6aQKOB Ha 6 60JIbIIIe, QeM paCrrI1JIOB, rr03TOMY 6bIJIO 6 6peBeH.
9.10. QT06bI paCrrMJII1Tb ,n;JII1HHOe 6peBHo, H)':>KHO c,n;eJIaTb QeTbIpe
pacrrl1JIa, a QTo6bI paCrrMJIMTb KopoTKoe
-

TPM pacrrMJIa. n03ToMy,n;JII1H-

HbIe 6peBHa COCT3BJIHIOT Tpl1 QaCTM OT Bcex 6peBeH, a KOpOTKl1e
-

QeTbI-

pe QaCTI1. CJIe,n;oBaTeJIbHO, ,n;JIMHHbIX 6peBeH 15, a KOpOTKMX 20. Bcero

paCrrMJIOB 2. 15 .4== 120.

9.11. npM pa3pe3aHMM JII1CTa Ha 3 QaCTI1 QI1CJIO JII1CTOB )'BeJII1QI1Ba-
eTCH Ha 2. 06aBMJIOCb 15 -

9 == 6 JII1CTOB, rr03TOMY pa3pe3aJIM 6: 2 ==

3
JII1CTa.

9.12. Ka:>K,n;bIM rHOM 6epeT 113 cyH,ZJ;YKa 1 KBa,n;paT, a KJIa,n;eT 4 (T. e.

,n;06aBJIHeT 3 KBa,n;paTa). CJIe,n;oBaTeJIbHO, rrOCJIe yxo,n;a Ce,n;bMoro rHoMa

B cyH,ZJ;yKe ,n;OJI:>KHO JIe:>KaTb 1 + 3. 7 ==
22 KBa,n;paTa.
9.13. npl1 Ka)f{)J;OM pa3JIOMe QI1CJIO KYCKOB )'BeJII1QI1BaeTCH Ha 1, a

,n;OJI:>KHO rrOJIyq»TbC.H 12 KYCKOB. n03TOMY Bcero ,n;OJI:>KHO 6bITb c,n;eJIaHO

11 pa3JIOMoB.
9.14. TOJIbKO MaTeMaTI1KOM3aHI1MalOTCJI 15 -10 ==
5 QeJIOBeK, TOJIbKO

6110JIOrl1eM 3aHI1MaIOTC.H 21 -

10 ==
11 Qe.nOBeK. n03TOMY Bcero B KJIacce

5 + 11 + 10 ==
26 QeJIOBeK.
106 PeweHlLR

9.15. fIepBbLu cnoco6. TOJIbKO MOp0:>KeHOe «MaJIbBI1Ha» KynMJII1

24 -

15 ==
9 qeJIOBeK.

TOJIbKO MOpO:>KeHOe «CIIOpTI1BHoe» Kyrrl1JII1

24 -

17 ==
7 qeJIOBeK.

n03TOMY MOpO:>KeHOe o6ol1x COpTOB Kynl1JII1 24 -

(9 + 7) ==
8 qeJIOBeK.

Bmopou cnoco6. ECJII1 CJIO:>KI1Tb KOJIl1qeCTBO Tex, KTO Kyrrl1JI MOpO:>Ke-

Hoe «CIIOpTI1BHoe», 11 KOJIl1qeCTBO Tex, KTO KynMJI MOpO:>KeHOe «MaJIb-

BI1Ha», TO Te, KTO KynMJI MOpO:>KeHOe o6ol1x COpTOB, 6y.n;yr IIOCQI1TaHbI

.n;Ba)l()];bI, II03TOMY B pe3YJIbTaTe IIOJIyqI1TC.H 24 IIJIIOC KOJII1QeCTBO Tex,

KTO Kyrrl1JI MOpO:>KeHOe o6ol1x COpTOB. TaKI1M o6pa30M, I1CKOMoe QI1CJIO

paBHo (15 + 17) -

24 ==
8.
9.16. AHrJII1MCKI1M MJII1 HeMeIJ;KI1M .H3bIK 3HaJII1 100 -

5 ==
95 Typl1-
CTOB. 113 HI1X 95 -

84 ==
11 He 3HaJII1 aHrJII1MCKOrO .H3bIKa 11 95 -

56 ==
39
He 3HaJII1 HeMeIJ;KOrO .H3bIKa, II03TOMY 95 -

(11 + 39) ==
45 3HaJII1 aH-

rJII1MCKI1MI1 HeMeIJ;KI1M .H3bIKI1.

9.17. BI1T.H IIOJII1JI 1010 KYCTOB, 113 HI1X 1007 OH IIOJIMJI O.n;I1H, a 3-
BMeCTe C AHeM. TOQHO TaK :>Ke AIDI IIOJIMJIa 1007 KYCTOB, 113 HI1X 1000
OHa IIOJII1JIa o.n;Ha, a 3 -

C BI1TeM. BMeCTe OHI1 IIOJIMJII1 1007 + 1007 + 3 ==

==
2017 KYCTOB. CJIe.n;oBaTeJIbHO, OCTaJII1Cb He IIOJII1TbIMI1 2020 -

2017 ==

==
3 KycTa.
9.18. KOJII1QeCTBO Tex, KTO 3aHI1MaeTC.H B .n;paMKp}')KKe 11 B xope, HO

He )TBJIeKaeTC.H CilOpTOM, paBHo 10 -

3 ==
7. KOJII1QeCTBO Tex CilOpTC-
MeHOB B xope, KOTopbIe He IIOCeII.J;aIOT .n;paMKp)l)KOK, paBHo 6 3 -
==
3.
KOJII1QeCTBO CilopTcMeHoB B .n;paMKp}')KKe, KOTopbIe He IIOIOT B xope,
paBHo 8 -

3 == 5. QTo6bI IIOJIyql1Tb KOJII1QeCTBO Tex, KTO 3aHI1MaeTC.H

TOJIbKO B .n;paMKp}')KKe, H)l)KHO 113 27 BbIQeCTb 3 (KOJII1QeCTBO Tex, KTO

3aHI1MaeTC.H BceM cpa3Y), 7 (.n;paMKp}')KOK 11 xop) 11 5 (.n;paMKp}')KOK

11 CIIOpT). B pe3YJIbTaTe IIOJIyql1M 27 -

(3 + 7 + 5) ==
12. AHaJIOrl1QHO
TOJIbKO B xope IIOIOT 32-(3+7+3)==19, a TOJIbKO CilOpTOM YMeKalOTCH
22-(3+5+3)==11. KOJII1QeCTBO Tex, KTO QeM-TO 3aHI1MaeTC.H, paBHo

3+(7+3+5)+(12+19+11) ==
60,

a KOJII1QeCTBO Tex, KTO He 3aHI1MaeTC.H HI1QeM, paBHo 70 -

60 ==
10.
9.19. nOCTaBI1M KIDK.ZJ;0MY IlIKOJIbHI1K}' 3a IIOCeII.J;eHl1e KIDK.ZJ;OrO 3aIDITI1.H

OTMeTK}' 0 IIOCeII.J;eHI1I1 B :>KypHaJI. Bcero 3a )'Ka3aHHbIe QeThIpe 3aIDITI1.H

B HeM 6y.n;eT IIpOCTaBJIeHO 20 .

4 ==
80 OTMeTOK. KIDK.ZJ;bIM IIOCeTI1BllIl1M TpI1
3aIDITI1.H OTMeQeH B :>KY}JHaJIe 3 pa3a, II03TOMY 9 TaKl1X yqeHI1KoB OTMeQeHbI
 PeUleHUfl 107

B HeM 9.3 ==
27 pa3. AHanorHqHO rrOCeTI1BlllMe ,l];Ba pa3a OTMeqeHbI B HeM
5 .
2 ==
10 pa3. Tpoe rroceTHBlllHX O,l];HH pa3 OTMeqeHbI B )f{)'PHane 3 pa3a.
OCTaBllIl1eCH 80 -

(27 + 10 + 3) ==
40 OTMeTOK 0 rrOCem;eHI1I1- 3TO OTMeT-

KI1 Tex, KTO rrOCeTI1JI Bce qeTbIpe 3aIDITIDI, rrpl1 3TOM KIDK,n;bIMI13 HI1X OTMe-

qeH 4 pa3a. Cne,n;oBaTeJIbHO, Bce 3aIDITIDI rrOCeTl1JI11 40 : 4 ==

10 qeJIOBeK.

rJIaBa 10. nJIOaAh If 06'heM

10.1. CHaqaJIa pa3pe)l(bTe KBa,n;paT rro ,n;MarOHaJII1 Ha ,n;Ba TpeyrOJIb-

HI1Ka, a 3aTeM O,n;HH H3 3TI1X TpeyrOJIbHI1KOB rrp0l13BOJIbHbIM 06pa30M
pa3pe)l(bTe Ha qeTbIpe TpeyrOJIbHI1Ka.
10.2. npOM3Be,n;eHHe TIJIom;a,n;eMl4 M 12 paBHo rrp0l13Be,n;eHI1IO I1CKO-

MOM rrJIoru;a,n;M Ha 8 (o6a rrp0I13Be,n;eHMR paBHbI rrpoM3Be,n;eHI1IO qeTbIpeX

oTpe3KoB, Ha KOTopbIe pa3,n;eJIeHbI BepTMKaJIbHbIM M rOpl130HTaJIbHbIM
oTpe3KM). n03TOMY HCKOMaJI IIJIOm;a,n;b paBHa (14.12) : 8 ==
21.
10.3. B pellIeHMM 3a,n;aql1 10.2 rrOKa3aHO, qTO eCJII1 rrpRMoyrOJIbHMK
pa3pe3aH BepTI1KaJIbHbIM M ropM30HTaJIbHbIM oTpe3KaMM Ha 4 qaCTM, TO

rrp0I13Be,n;eHMR IIJIOm;a,n;eM rrpOTI1BOrrOJIO)l(HbIX qaCTeM paBHbI. BOCrrOJIb-

30BaBllII1Cb 3TI1M, rrOCJIe,n;OBaTeJIbHO Haxo,n;I1M CHaqaJIa IIJIOm;a,n;b Bepx-
HeM cpe,n;HeM qaCTI1: (30. 35) : 21 ==
SO, 3aTeM rrpaBoM cpe,n;HeM qaCTI1:

(8 .

35) : 10 ==
28 M, HaKOHeQ, BepxHeM rrpaBoM qaCTI1: (50.28) : 35 ==
40.
10.4. nJIOm;a,n;b OCKH (paBHaJI 25) He ,n;eJII1TCR HaQeJIO Ha IIJIoru;a,n;b
KOCTI1 ,n;OMI1HO (paBHYIO 2).
10.5. 113 3Toro JIHCTa cpaHepbI HeJIb3R BbIpe3aTb 60JIee

(22.15) : (3.5) ==
22 3arOTOBOK.

nOKa)l(eM, KaK MO)l{HO BbIpe3aTb 22 3arOTOBKI1. CHaqaJIa pa3pe)l(eM JIMCT

Ha ,n;Ba rrpRMoyrOJIbHI1Ka pa3MepoM 5 x 15 11 O,n;MH pa3MepoM 12 xIS.

3aTeM pa3pe)l(eM Ka)l{,n;bIM rrpRMoyrOJIbHI1K 5 x 15 Ha 5 Tpe6yeMbIx 3a-

rOTOBOK, a rrpHMoyrOJIbHMK 12 x 15 CHaqaJIa pa3pe)l(eM Ha 4 rrpRMo-

yrOJIbHI1Ka 3 x 15, a rrOTOM Ka)f(fJ;bIM TaKoM rrpRMoyrOJIbHI1K pa3pe)l(eM

Ha 3 Tpe6yeMbIe 3arOTOBKI1.

10.6. Peqb H,n;eT He 0 JII1HeMHbIX pa3Mepax, a 0 IIJIoru;a,n;l1, rr03TOMY

2
11 qMCJIO JIIO,n;eM Ha,n;o YMeHbllIl1Tb He B 1000000, a B 1000000 pa3.
10.7. YMeHbllll1M CTOPOHY ,n;aHHoro rrpRMoyrOJIbHI1Ka B ,n;Ba pa3a. To-
2
r,n;a IIJIOm;a,n;b rrOJIyqHBlllerocR rrpRMoyrOJIbHI1Ka 6y,n;eT paBHa 27 M . 3a-
TeM YBeJIl1ql1M ,n;pyrylO CTOPOHY B Tpl1 pa3a. nJIOm;a,n;b rrOJIyql1BllIeMcR
2
<pl1rypbI CTaHeT 27 .
3 ==
81 M no YCJIOBI1IO .
06pa30BaJICR KBa,n;paT, rro-

3TOMY ero CTopOHa paBHa 9 M.

 IOH PeweHWl

10.8. nJIOm;a,lJ;11 OTKpbITbIX yqacTKoB I', 2' 11 3' paBHbI COOTBeTCTBeH-

HO TIJlOm;aMM 3aKpbITbIX yqacTKoB 1, 2113 (CM. pl1c.II). n03TOM)' 3aKpbI-

TaR qaCTh JII1CTKa 60JIbllIe OTKpbITOi1 Ha TIJIOm;a,n;b 3aKpbITOrO yqacTKa 4.

Plfc.ll

10.9. .D;l1arOHaJIb npHMoyrOJIbHI1Ka co cTOpOHaMI1 m 11 n pa3pe3a-

eT ero Ha ,lJ;Ba TaKI1X npHMoyrOJIbHbIX TpeyrOJIbHI1Ka, n03ToMY TIJlOm;a,lJ;b

TpeyrOJIbHI1Ka B,lJ;BOe MeHbllIe TIJlOm;a,lJ;11 3Toro npHMoyrOJIbHI1Ka.

10.10. 3Ta <pl1rypa COCTOI1T 113 npHMoyrOJIbHI1Ka pa3MepoM 1 x 4
11 ,lJ;BYX npHMoyrOJIbHbIX TpeyrOJIbHI1KOB, TIJlOm;a,n;11 KOTOpbIX paBHbI
2.3 2.1
==1.
2==311 2
10.11. <Pl1rypa COCTOI1T 113 npHMoyrOJIbHI1Ka 1 x 6
11 qeThIpeX npHMoyrOJIbHbIX TpeyrOJIbHI1KOB, BepTI1KaJIb-
HaR cTopOHa KIDK,ZJ;OrO 113 KOTOpbIX paBHa 2, a cyMMa Bcex

rOpl130HTaJIbHbIX CTOpOH paBHa 6.

10.12. 3TOT TpeyrOJIbHI1K MO:>KHO nOJIyql1Tb, oTpe3aB
OT npHMoyrOJIbHI1Ka pa3MepoM 3 x 4 Tpl1 TpeyrOJIbHI1Ka
PlfC. 12
(CM. pl1c. 12). C)'MMa TIJlOm;a,lJ;ei1 3TI1X TpeyrOJIbHI1KOB
2+4+9 1
paBHa
==
7
2 "2.-
10.13. 3TOT TpeyrOJIbHI1K MO:>KHO nOJIyql1Tb, oTpe-
3aB OT npHMoyrOJIbHI1Ka pa3MepoM 3 x 4 O,n;HY KJIeTKY
11 Tpl1 TpeyrOJIbHI1Ka (CM. pl1c. 13). C)'MMa TIJlom;a,n;ei1
2+3+ 12 1
3TI1X ==
TpeyrOJIbHI1KOB paBHa 2 82:.
2
10.14. 06'beM napaJIJIeJIenl1ne,n;a paBeH 240 CM ,

2 PlfC. 13
06'beM Ky611Ka paBeH 1 CM , n03ToMY Ky611KOB 240.
 PeweHWl 109

10.15. JII1Ha pR,n;a paBHa

100. 100. 100 ==

1 000000 CM ==
10000 M ==
10 KM.

10.16. 06'beM KycKa MbIJIa )'MeHbIlII1JICR B 8 pa3. 113pacxo,n;oBaHbI

7 qaCTeH, OCTaJIaCb o,n;Ha qaCTb.

10.17. B CrrMqeqHOM Kop06Ke rYJIJII1Bepa rrOMern;aeTCR 12 JII1JIl1rryr-

CKI1X Kop06KOB B IlIMPMHY, 12 -

B ,n;JII1HY 11 12 -

B BbICOTY. Bcero

12 .

12 .

12 ==
1728 Kop06KOB.
10.18. Ba ,n;pyrMX M3MepeHI1R rrapaJIJIeJIerrl1rre,n;a paBHbI JII160 2 11

3 CM, JII160 1 11 6 CM. nJIOI .J;a,n;b rrOBepXHOCTI1 TaKI1X rrapaJIJIeJIerrl1rre,n;OB

paBHa 42 11 54 IIJIOII.J;a,n;RM rroBepXHOCTI1 rpaHM Ky611Ka.

rJIaBa 11. JIorUqeCKUe 3aaqU

11.1. B TpeTbeM MelliKe BepMI111IeJIb, rr03ToMY B rrepBoM MelliKe caxap.

11.2. 113 Ha,n;rrl1CI1 Ha CI1HeH 6aHKe CJIe,n;yeT, qTO B 3eJIeHOH 6aHKe qTO-

TO eCTb. 113 Ha,n;rrl1CI1 Ha 3eJIeHOH 6aHKe CJIe,n;yeT, qTO B HeH He Kpyrra.

11.3. 30JIyrnKa B3mIa 3epHbIlliKO 113 Toro MellIKa, Ha KOTOpOM Harrl1-

caHO «CMeCb». B HeM He MO:>KeT OKa3aTbCR CMeCb, rr03TOMY B HeM JIe-

:>KaT o,n;I1HaKOBbIe 3epHa, 11 30JIyrnKa cpa3Y Y3HaJIa, qTO B HeM JIe:>KI1T.

nYCTb, Harrpl1Mep, B 3TOM MelliKe JIe:>KI1T MaK. Tor,n;a B MelliKe C Ha,n;rrl1-

CblO «MaK» MO:>KeT JIe:>KaTb TOJIbKO rrpoco. eHCTBI1TeJIbHO, eCJII1 6bI TaM

JIe:>KaJIa CMeCb, TO B MelliKe C Ha,n;rrl1CblO «rrpoco» JIe:>KaJIO 6bI rrpoco, a 3TO

HeB03MO:>KHO. n03TOMY B MelliKe C Ha,n;rrl1CblO «rrpoco» JIe:>KI1T CMeCb. Ec-

JIll :>Ke B MelliKe C Ha,n;rrl1CblO «CMeCb» JIe:>KI1T rrpoco, TO paCC)T)K,ZJ;eHI1R
aHaJIOrl1qHbI. norrp06YHTe I1X rrOBTOpI1Tb.
11.4. ECJII1 He OllIM6cR IIlapl1K, TO He 01lI116CR 11 KOT MaTpOCKI1H, a 3TO

rrpOTI1BOpeql1T YCJIOBI1IO. n03TOMY IIlapl1K 01lI116CR, a KOT MaTpOCKI1H

CKa3aJI rrpaB,n;y. TaKMM 06pa30M, ,n;H,n;e <l>e,n;opy 60JIbllIe 10 JIeT, HO He

60JIbllIe 11. CJIe,n;oBaTeJIbHO, eMY 11 JIeT.

11.5. fIepBbLu cnoco6. ECJII1 3MeH y611JI l1JIbH MypOMeQ, TO Bce Tpoe
CKa3aJII1 HerrpaB,n;y, QTO rrpOTI1BOpeQI1T YCJIOBI1IO. ECJII1 06pbIIDI HI1KI1-

TI1Q, TO rrpaB,n;y CKa3aJI I1JIbR, a Anellia 11 06pbIIDI CJIyKaBI1JII1; 3TO CO-

rJIacyeTcR C YCJIOBl1eM. ECJII1 AnellIa, TO 11 06pbIIDI, 11 Anellia CKa3aJII1

rrpaB,n;y, a 3TO TO:>Ke rrpOTI1BOpeQI1T YCJIOBI1IO. n03TOMY y611Tb 3MeH Mor

TOJIbKO 06pbIIDI.
Bmopou cnoco6. 06pbIIDI 11 Anellia yrBep)K,lJ;alOT O,n;HO 11 TO :>Ke. Ho

rrpaB,n;y CKa3aJI JII111Ib O,n;I1H 60raTbIpb. 3TO Mor 6bITb TOJIbKO I1JIbH. 3Ha-
QI1T, 3MeJI y611JI 06pbIHH.
110 PeWeHUJl

11.6. ECJII1 pOM YKpaJI rappl1, TO OH O.n;I1H pa3 CKa3aJI rrpaB.n;y, a .n;py-
rOM pa3 COJIraJI. TOM B 3TOM CJIae .n;Ba)l(.lJ;bI cOJIraJI, a qapJII1 .n;Ba)l(.lJ;bI
CKa3aJI rrpaB.n;y. 3TO COOTBeTcTByeT YCJIOBI1IO. ECJII1 pOM YKpaJI TOM, TO

11 rappl1, 11 TOM O.n;I1H pa3 CKa3aJII1 rrpaB.n;y, a BTOpOM pa3 COJIraJII1. 3TO

rrpOTI1BOpeql1T YCJIOBI1IO. ECJII1 )Ke BOp

-

QapJII1, TO 11 rappl1, 11 TOM .n;Ba-

)I(.lJ;bI CKa3aJII1 rrpaB.n;y. 3TO TalOKe rrpOTI1BOpeql1T YCJIOBI1IO.

11.7. ECJII1 AH,ZJ;peM CKa3aJI rrpaB.n;y, TO I1Ma 06MaHYJI. f103TOMY XOT.H

6bI O.n;I1H 113 HI1X 06MaHYJI. Tpoe He Moryr 06MaHbIBaTb, rr03TOMY HI1-
KI1Ta I1JII1 rJIe6 CKa3aJII1 rrpaB.n;y, a 3TO 03HaqaeT, I1ropb
qTO o6MaHYJI.
f103TOMY HI1KI1Ta 11 rJIe6 o6a CKa3aJII1 rrpaB.n;y. CJIe.n;oBaTeJIbHO, rrl1por
I1crreK I1ropb. (3TO cooTBeTcTByeT YCJIOBI1IO: HI1KI1Ta, rJIe6 11 I1Ma CKa-

3aJII1 rrpaB.n;y, I1ropb 11 AH.n;peM o6MaHYJII1.)

11.8. ECJII1 KOJI.H OTBeTI1JI BepHO, TO o6e .n;eBOQKI1 o1lI116JII1Cb, TaK KaK

QI1CJIO 9 HeQeTHOe 11 He .n;eJII1TC.H Ha 15. f103TOMY BepHbIM OTBeT .n;aJI

POMaH. Ho rrpocToe QI1CJIO He .n;eJII1TC.H Ha 15, a e.n;I1HCTBeHHoe QeTHOe

rrpocToe QI1CJIO -

3TO 2.
11.9. PbIu;apb, Ha3BaB ce6.H JI)KeU;OM, COJI)KeT. JI)Keu;, Ha3BaB ce6.H JI)Ke-

U;OM, CKa)KeT rrpaB.n;y. HI1 Toro HI1 .n;pyroro He MO)KeT 6bITb.

11.10. 11 pbIu;apb, 11 JI)KeQ Ha30Byr ce6.H pbIu;ap.HMI1. f1pOBO.n;HI1K He

06MaHYJI rryrellIecTBeHHI1Ka, rr03TOMY OH pbIu;apb.

11.12. 06a OTBeT.HT «a».
11.14. <Pe.n;.H He MO)KeT 6bITb JI)KeU;OM (I1HaQe ero yrBep)l(.lJ;eHl1e-
rrpaB.n;a). 06a MaJIbQI1Ka He Moryr 6bITb pbIu;ap.HMI1 (I1HaQe yrBep)l(.lJ;e-
Hl1e <Pe.n;11 JIO)KHO).
11.15. Bce JI)KeQaMI1 6bITb He MOrJII1, TaK KaK Tor.n;a .n;JI.H Bcex BbICKa-

3bIBaHI1e 6bVIO 6bI BepHbIM. PbIQapeM He MOrJIO 6bITb 60JIbllIe o.n;Horo,

TaK KaK Tor.n;a .n;JI.H HI1X BbICKa3bIBaHI1e 6bVIO 6bI HeBepHbIM. ECJII1 PbI-
Qapb TOJIbKO O.n;I1H, TO .n;JI.H Hero yrBep)l(.lJ;eHl1e BepHO, a .n;JI.H Bcex OCTaJIb-

HbIX HeBepHo.
11.16. f1epBbIM )KI1TeJIb -

JI)Keu; (pbIQapb He Mor 6bI CKa3aTb, QTO

cpe.n;11 HI1X HeT HI1 o.n;Horo pbIQap.H). f103TOMY Bce Tpoe He Moryr 6bITb

o.n;HOBpeMeHHO JI)KeQaMI1 (I1HaQe rrepBbIM CKa3aJI 6bI rrpaB.n;y). f1pe.n;-

rrOJIO)KI1M, QTO BTOpOM )KI1TeJIb JI)KeIJ;. Tor.n;a TpeTI1M )KI1TeJIb -

pbIQapb
11 OTBeT BToporo
-

rrpaB.n;a, Qero He MO)KeT 6bITb. f103TOMY BTOpOM )K11-

TeJIb -

pbIu;apb. OH CKa3aJI rrpaB.n;y, rr03TOMY TpeTI1M )KI1TeJIb -

JI)KeQ.
11.17. ECJII1 rrepBbIM -

pbIu;apb, TO 113 ero CJIOB CJIe.n;yeT, QTO BTOpOM

11 TpeTI1M -

JI)KeQbI. 3TO rrpOTI1BOpeQI1T CJIOBaM BToporo. 3HaQI1T, rrep-

BbIM -

JI)KeQ. ECJII1 BTOpOM -

JI)KeU;, TO 113 ero CJIOB CJIe.n;yeT, QTO TpeTI1M

TO)Ke JI)KeQ. Ho Tor.n;a rrepBbIM CKa3aJI rrpaB.n;y, a OH JI)Keu;. 3HaQI1T, BTO-
 PeWeHUJl III

pOM -

pbIQapb. 113 ero CJIOB CJIe.n;yeT, qTO TpeTI1M TO)Ke pbIQapb. f103TO-

MY OH rrpaB.n;I1BO CKa)KeT: «O.n;I1H».

11.18. 113HaqaJIbHo Bce pbIQapl1 CI1.n;HT Ha CI1HI1X CTYJIbHX, a Bce JI)Ke-

QbI Ha KpacHbIx. 3Haq11T, KOJIl1qeCTBO pbIQapeM, rrepeCeBllIl1X Ha Kpac-

HbIe CTYJIbH, paBHo KOJII1QeCTBY JI)KeQOB, rrepeCeBllIl1X Ha CI1Hl1e CTYJIb.H.
11 Te 11 .n;pyrl1e CKa3aJII1, QTO CI1.n;HT Ha KpacHbIx CTYJIb.HX. Bcero CKa3aB-

1lI11X, QTO CI1MT Ha KpacHbIx CTYJIbHX, 10. 3HaQI1T, Ha KpacHbIx CTYJIb.HX

CI1,l];I1T 10 : 2 ==
5 pbIQapeM.
11.19. )KO MO)l(eT, Harrpl1Mep, CrrpOCI1Tb: «"lITO 6bI BbI MHe OTBeTI1JII1

BQepa Ha Borrpoc, KaKOM CTYJI HeI1CrrpaBeH?» 11 He3aBI1CI1MO OT Toro,

rOBOpl1T JIll cero.n;HH CTpa)KHI1K rrpaB.n;y I1JII1 JIO)Kb, OTBeT Ha 3TOT Borrpoc
Bcer.n;a 6y.n;eT HeBepHbIM.
11.20. 3a.n;a.n;I1M Borrpoc: «"lITO OTBeTI1T TBOM 6paT Ha Borrpoc: "TbI
Bac.H?"». B OTBeT Bcer.n;a YCJIbIllIl1M HerrpaB.n;y, TaK KaK 6y.n;eT JII160 JIO)KHO

rrepe.n;aH I1CTI1HHbIM OTBeT, JII160 I1CTI1HHO -

JIO)KHbIM. Bac.H CKa)KeT «.n;a»,

a BaHH -

«HeT».

11.21. TaKoe MO)KeT 6bITb, eCJII1 rrpo<peccop -

)KeHIIJ;I1Ha.
11.22. f10CKOJIbKY cpe.n;11 .n;BYX JII06bIX llIapoB O.n;I1H CI1HI1M, TO .n;BYX
KpaCHbIX llIapOB B KOMHaTe 6bITb He MO)KeT. 3HaQI1T, B KOMHaTe Haxo-

MTC.H 84 CI1HI1X B03.n;yrnHbIX llIapa 11 1 KpacHbIM.

11.23. EplOHeT pa3rOBapl1BaJI C EeJIOBbIM, 3HaQI1T, 3TO .n;Ba pa3HbIx
QeJIOBeKa. KpoMe Toro, EeJIOB He 6JIOH,ZJ;I1H. f103TOMY EeJIOB PbI)KI1M.
CJIe.n;OBaTeJIbHO, l.J:epHoB -

6JIOH,ZJ;I1H, a PbI)KOB 6p1OHeT.

11.24. B 3e.neHoM nJIaTbe -

He ACH, He KaT.H 11 He HI1Ha, rr03TOMY OCTa-

eTCH TOJIbKO raJUI. KaTH He B 3e.neHOM rmaTbe, He B 6eJIOM 11 He B p030BOM,

3HaQI1T, B rOJIy6oM. TaKl1M 06pa30M, raJIH CTOI1T Me:>K.llY KaTeM 11 HI1HOM,
rr03ToMY ACH TO)Ke CTOI1T Me:>K.llY KaTeM 11 HI1HOM. eBOQKl1 CTO.HT TaK: raJIH

(B 3e.neHoM), KaTH (13 ro.ny60M), ACH, HI1Ha. 113 3Toro 11113 YCJIOBIDI, q'f0 .n;e-
BOQKa B 6e.nOM TIJIaTbe CTOI1T Me:>K.llY .n;eBOQKOM B p030BOM rmaTbe 11 KaTeM,
CJIeeT, QTO ACH B 6e.nOM rmaTbe, a HI1Ha -

B p030BOM.
11.25. Y BaJII1 TY<PJII1 He CI1Hl1e (rro YCJIOBI1IO) 11 He KpaCHbIe (Kpac-
HbIe -

Y MallIl1), n03TOMY Ty<pJII1 Y Hee 6eJIbIe. JI.H Ty<peJIb Ha.n;11 OCTaeT-

CH TOJIbKO CI1HI1M QBeT. f1JIaTbe Y Hee Toro )Ke QBeTa, T. e. CI1Hee. Y BaJII1
11 Y MallIl1 TY<PJII1 11 nJIaTb.H pa3Horo QBeTa, rrpl1QeM He CI1HerO, TaK KaK

Bce CI1Hee -

Ha Ha.n;e. n03TOMY y BaJII1

-

KpaCHoe rrJIaTbe, a y MallIl1

-

6eJIoe.
11.26. C06aK, KOlIleK 11 rrorryraeB o.n;I1HaKOBoe KOJIWIeCTBO. 3TO KOJII1-

QeCTBO He MO)KeT 6bITb 60JIbllIe 1. ECJII1 eCTb c06aKa, KOIliKa 11 rrorryraM, TO

TapaKaHOB HeT. ECJII1 c06aK, KOllieK 11 rrorryraeB HeT, TO TapaKaHOB .n;Ba.

 112 PeweHU5l

11.27. Ba ql1CJIa JIellIa BI1.n;I1T, n03ToMY OH 3HaeT, KaKl1e Tpl1 ql1CJIa

OCTaJII1Cb. ECJII1 OH )TBepeH, qTO c)'MMa JII06bIX .n;BYX ql1CeJI 113 OCTaBllII1X-

C.H TpeX qeTHa, TO 3TI1 Tpl1 ql1CJIa .n;OJI)I(HbI 6bITb O.n;HOM qeTHOCTI1 (B npo-
TI1BHOM CJIyqae C)'MMa qeTHOrO 11 HeqeTHOrO ql1CJIa 6y.n;eT HeqeTHOM).
B y:Ka3aHHOM Ha60pe HeT TpeX qeTHbIX ql1CeJI, n03TOMY ql1CJIa, KOTOpbIe
JIellIl1 He BI1,lI;I1T,
-

3TO 1, 3 11 5. 3Haq11T, Ha ero KapTOqKaX 3anl1CaHbI

ql1CJIa 2 11 4.
11.28. QTo6bI He 6bVIO cnopOB, BbI611paTb CBOIO qaCTb .n;OJI)I(eH Bac.H.
11.29. MO)l(HO, Hanpl1Mep, npe.n;JIO)l(I1Tb CJIe.n;yroI1M cnoco6 .n;eJIe-
)l(a. f1eT.H oTpe3aeT ce6e npl1MepHO TpeTb TopTa. ECJII1 Bac.H 11 KOJI.H He

B03pa)l(a1OT, TO f1eT.H 3a611paeT 3TOT KYCOK ce6e. ECJII1 BacH B03pa:>KaeT,

TO OH MO)l(eT OTpe3aTb OT 3Toro KYCKa qaCTb. ECJII1 KOJIH nOCJIe 3Toro

B03pa)l(aeT, TO OH MO:>KeT OTpe3aTb OT OCTaBllIerOCH KYCKa qaCTb 11 3a-

6paTb ce6e OCTaJIbHoe. f1eT.H 11 Bac.H .n;OBOJIbHbI, nOTOMY qTO, C I1X TOqKI1

3peHI1.H, KOJIH 3a6paJI MeHbllIe TpeTI1. ECJII1 KOJI.H He B03pIDKaeT, TO Bac.H

3a611paeT TO, qTO OCTaJIOCb OT KYCKa. f1eTH 11 KOJI.H .n;OBOJIbHbI: C TOqKI1

3peHI1.H f1eTI1, BacH 3a6paJI MeHbllIe TpeTI1, a C TOqKI1 3peHI1.H KOJII1-

He 60JIbllIe TpeTI1. Ba MaJIbql1Ka, KOTOpbIM nOKa He .n;OCTaJIOCb TopTa,
Moryr no.n;eJII1Tb OCTaTOK, KaK B 3a.n;aQe 11.28.
11.30. CHaQaJIa nepBbIM MaJIbQI1K oTpe3aeT npl1MepHO QeTBepTb TopTa.
3aTeM OCTaJIbHbIe no oQepe,n;11 JII160 COrJIallIalOTCH C .n;eJIe)l(OM, JII160 oTpe-
3alOT OT KYcKa KaK)'IO-To QaCTb. f1OCJIe,n;HI1M oTpe3aBllII1M 3a611paeT KYCOK
ce6e. aJIbllIe Tpoe MaJIbQI1KOB .n;eJUIT OCTaTOK TopTa, KaK B 3a.n;aQe 11.29.

fJIaBa 12. OnOJIHHTeJIhHhIe 3aAaqH

12.1. ECJII1 BbIHyrb .n;Ba llIapa, TO OHI1 Moryr OKa3aTbCH QepHbIM 11 6e-
JIbIM. OKa:>KeM, QTO eCJII1 BbIHyrb Tpl1 llIapa, TO cpe.n;11 HI1X eCTb napa
llIapOB o.n;Horo QBeTa.

IIepBbLu cnoco6. B03MO:>KHbI cJIe.n;yroIIJ;l1e Bapl1aHTbI: Tpl1 QepHbIX llIa-

pa, .n;Ba QepHbIX 11 O.n;I1H 6eJIbIM, O.n;I1H QepHbIM 11 .n;Ba 6eJIbIX, Tpl1 6eJIbIx.
Bo Bcex CJIyqaHX eCTb napa llIapoB o.n;Horo QBeTa.

Bmopou cnoco6. f1pe.n;nOJIO)l(I1M, QTO cpe.n;11 BbIHYTbIX llIapoB HeT .n;BYX

o.n;HOQBeTHbIX. Tor.n;a QepHbIX llIapOB He 60JIee o.n;Horo 11 6eJIbIX llIapOB
He 60JIee o.n;Horo. f103TOMY llIapOB He 60JIee .n;BYX.
12.2. ECJII1 BbIHyrb 13 llIapoB, TO cpe.n;11 HI1X Moryr OKa3aTbCH 12 6e-
JIbIX 11 TOJIbKO O.n;I1H QepHbIM. f103TOMY MeHee QeM 14 rnapaMI1 060MTI1Cb
HeJIb3H. ECJII1 BbIHyrb 14 llIapoB, TO cpe.n;11 HI1X He 60JIee 12 6eJIbIX, no-

3TOMY He MeHee .n;BYX QepHbIX.

 PeweHWl 113

12.3. ECJII1 BbIHyrb 3 KaMHR, TO OHI1 Moryr OKa3aTbC.H Py6I1HOM, aJI-

Ma30M 11 carr<pl1pOM. f1pe.n;rrOJIO)KI1M, qTO MbI BbIHYJII1 4 KaMHR, HO cpe.n;11

HI1X HeT rrapbI KaMHeM O,l);HOrO Bl1.n;a. Tor.n;a cpe.n;11 HI1X He 60JIee o.n;Horo

py6l1Ha, He 60JIee o.n;Horo aJIMa3a 11 He 60JIee o.n;Horo carr<pl1pa. f103TO-

MY KaMHeM He 60JIee Tpex, a 3TO rrpOTI1BOpeql1T TOMY, qTO MbI BbIHYJII1

4 KaMHR.
12.4. ECJII1 BbIHyrb 30 KaMHeM, TO cpe.n;11 HI1X Moryr 6bITb 25 PY-
6I1HOB, 4 carr<pl1pa 11 TOJIbKO O.n;I1H aJIMa3. ECJII1 BbIHyrb 31 KaMeHb, TO

cpe.n;11 HI1X He 60JIee 25 py611HOB 11 He 60JIee 4 carr<pl1pa, rr03TOMY He

MeHee ,l);BYX aJIMa30B.

12.5. YepHbIx rnapOB He 60JIee 9 (I1Haqe MO)KHO BbIHyrb 10 qepHbIX

rnapoB). EeJIbIX rnapOB He 60JIee 11 (I1Haqe MO)KHO BbIHyrb 12 6eJIbIX
rnapOB). 113 paBeHcTBa 9 + 11 ==
20 CJIe.n;yeT, qTO qepHbIX rnapOB He MO-

)KeT 6bITb MeHee 9, a 6eJIbIX -

MeHee 11.
12.6. He3aBI1CI1MO OT Toro, rro KaKOM 113 .n;opor MbI .n;oexaJII1 113 A
B B, rrpoexaTb 113 B B C MbI MO)KeM rro JII060M 113 Tpex .n;opor. f103TOMY
KOJIl1qeCTBO MaprnpyroB 113 ABC BTpoe 60JIbrne KOJIl1qeCTBa .n;opor 113

A B B, T. e. OHO paBHo 6.
12.7. He3aBI1CI1MO OT Toro, KaKoM KOHBepT MbI BbI6paJII1, MapKY
MO)KHO BbI6paTb TpeMJI crroco6aMI1. f103TOMY I1CKOMoe ql1CJIO BTpoe
60JIbrne KOJII1QeCTBa BI1.n;OB KOHBepToB, T. e. OHO paBHO 6. 06paTI1Te
BHI1MaHl1e Ha TO, QTO paCC)')K,lJ;eHI1.H 3.n;eCb TaKl1e )Ke, KaK 11 rrpl1 perneHl111
3a,l);aQI1 12.6.
12.8. He3aBI1CI1MO OT Toro, KaKI1M 113 6 MaprnpyroB MbI .n;oexaJII1 113

ABC, rrpoexaTb 113 C B D MbI MO)KeM rro JII060M 113 4 .n;opor. f103TOMY
KOJII1QeCTBO MaprnpyroB 113 A B D B 4 pa3a 60JIbrne KOJII1QeCTBa Maprn-
pyrOB 113 ABC, T. e. OHO paBHo 24.
12.9. 113 ABC eCTb 6 MaprnpyroB Qepe3 B 11 2 Maprnpyra Qepe3 D.

f1poexaTb MO)KHO O.n;HI1M 113 3TI1X MaprnpyroB, rr03TOMY Bcero Maprnpy-

TOB 6 + 2 ==
8.
12.10. a) l.J:eJIOBeKa, KOTOpbIM rrOCTaBI1T rraJIaTKY, MO)KHO BbI6paTb
JII06oro 113 10. f10cJIe 3Toro OCTaHeTC.H 9 QeJIOBeK, 11 JII06oro 113 HI1X

MO)KHO BbI6paTb, QTo6bI OH rrpl1HeC BO.n;y. Bcero rrOJIyqaeTC.H 10. 9 ==

90
crroco6oB.
6) CHaQaJIa, KaK 11 B 3a.n;aQe a), BbI6epeM rrepBoro 11 BToporo; Bcero

rrOJIyql1M 90 crroco6oB. Ho Terrepb rrepBbIM 11 BTOpOM 3aHI1MaIOTC.H He

pa3HbIMI1 .n;eJIaMI1, a O,l);HI1M 11 TeM )Ke. f103TOMY He I1MeeT 3HaQeHI1.H, KTO

BbI6paH rrepBbIM, a KTO BTOpbIM. 3TO 03HaQaeT, QTO KOJII1QeCTBO crroco-

60B H)')KHO )'MeHbrnl1Tb B.n;Boe.

114 PeUleHUfl

12.11. a) HarrMllieM Ha KIDK,l];OM rrepeKpeCTKe KO-

1 3 6
JIMqeCTBO crroco6oB .n;o Hero .n;o6paTbCR. 3TO HeCJIO)K-

HO c.n;eJIaTb, HaqaB C 6JIM)KaMIlIMX K A rrepeKpecTKoB

1 2 3
M rrOCTerreHHO .n;BMraJICb .n;aJIbllIe. B pe3YJIbTaTe rroJIY-
qMM qMCJIa, yKa3aHHbIe Ha pMC. 14.
6) eMcTBy.H TaK )Ke, KaK M B 3a.n;aqe a), rrOJIyqMM 1 1

qMCJIa, yKa3aHHbIe Ha pMC. 15. PMC. 14

1 5 15 35 70
'Y'

1 4 10 20 35

1 3 6 10 15
.'

g<;,!.;

[!]
.
"

t:f; ,

".

1 2 3 4 5
r:l
L::J .

I 'I
1 1 1 1

PI1C. 15

12.12. 113 BToporo YCJIOBMR CJIe.n;yeT He TOJIbKO TO, qTO B rrepBOM 6aKe
He MeHbllIe 26 JI 6eH3MHa, HO M TO, qTO BO BTOpOM 6aKe TO)Ke He MeHbllIe

26 JI 6eH3MHa. f103TOMY B rrepBbIx .n;BYX 6aKax .n;OJI)KHO 6bITb He MeHbllIe

52 JI 6eH3MHa, a 3TO rrpoTMBOpeqMT YCJIOBMIO 3a.n;aqM.

12.13. CHaqana HarrOJIHMM 8-JIMTpOBbIM K)TBIlIMH, a 3aTeM M3 Hero

HarrOJIHMM 5-JIMTpOBbIM. B 8-JIMTpOBOM OCTaJIOCb 3 JI, a eCJIM B 12-JIMT-

pOBbIM (B KOTOpOM OCTaJIOCb 4 JI) rrepeJIMTb 5 JI, TO B HeM 6y.n;eT 9 JI.

12.14. CHaqaJIa, .n;BIDK,l];bI BOCrrOJIb30BaBllIMCb COCy.n;OM B 3 JI, HaJIbeM

B .n;pyrOM cocy.n; 6 JI. 3aTeM ee pa3 HarrOJIHMM cocy.n; B 3 JI M rrepeJIbeM M3

Hero 1 JI B .n;pyrOM cocy.n;. OCTaBIlIMeC.H 2 JI BbVIbeM B KaCTpIOJIIO, a rrOTOM

HaJIbeM B Hee 3 JI.

12.15. «BKJIlOqMM» o.n;HoBpeMeHHo .n;Boe qaCOB. Kor.n;a 7-MMHyrHbIe

qaCbI rrepeCbIrr.HTC.H, rrepeBepHeM MX M .n;a.n;MM CbIrraTbC.H 4 MMHyrbI, .n;o
OKOHqaHMR rrepecbIrraHM.H 11- MMHyrHbIX qaCOB. ECJIM Terrepb rrepeBep-
Hyrb 7-MMHyrHbIe qaCbI, OHM 6y.n;yr CbIrraTbCR pOBHO 4 MMHyrbI, a Bcero

qaCbI «CbIrraJIMCb» 15 MMHyr, qTO M Tpe6oBaJIOcb.

12.16. OTBelliMBaeM 12 Kr rBo3.n;eM M OTKJIa.n;bIBaeM MX B CTOPOHY.
OT OCTaBIlIMXC.H 12 Kr OTBelliMBaeM 6 Kr M OTKJIa.n;bIBaeM MX B .n;pyryro
 PeweHUfl 115

CTOPOHY. OT OCTaBIlII1XC.H 6 Kr OTBellIl1BaeM 3 Kr 11 coe.n;l1H.HeM I1X C OT-

JIO:>KeHHbIMI1 6 Kr. f]OJIaeM I1CKOMbIe 9 Kr rBo3.n;eM.

12.17. 3a)K)l(eM o.n;HoBpeMeHHo o6e BepeBKI1: nepByro C o.n;Horo KOH-

Qa, a BTOpYJO C .n;BYX. BTOpaR BepeBKa nOJIHOCTblO CrOpl1T 3a 30 MI1H.

B 3TOT MOMeHT 3a)K)l(eM nepBYJO BepeBKY co BToporo KOHQa. OHa .n;oro-

pl1T 3a 15 MI1H.

12.18. f]OJIO:>KI1M Ha O.n;HY qallIKY BeCOB 3 llIaJITaeB 11 4 60JITaeB, a Ha

.n;pyrYJO 5 llIaJITaeB 11 3 60JITaeB. BecbI 6y.n;yr B paBHOBeCI1I1. ECJII1 y6paTb

C Ka)l(,l ;oM qallIKI1 3 llIaJITaeB 11 3 60JITaeB, TO BeCbI oCTaHyrC.H B paBHO-
BeCI1I1. f]03TOMY O.n;I1H 60JITaM BeCI1T CTOJIbKO :>Ke, CKOJIbKO .n;Ba llIaJITaR.

CJIe.n;OBaTeJIbHO, 60JITaM T.H:>KeJIee llIaJITaR.

12.19. f]OJIO)l(I1M Ha o6e qallIKI1 BeCOB no O.n;HOM MOHeTe. ECJII1 BeCbI

6y.n;yr B paBHOBeCI1I1, TO OCTaBIlIa.HC.H MOHeTa <paJIbIlII1BaR. ECJII1 o.n;Ha 113

MOHeT OKa:>KeTC.H JIerqe, TO OHa <pa.n:bIlI 1BaR.

12.20. B03bMeM 6 MOHeT 11 nOJIO:>KMM nOJIOBI1HY 113 HI1X Ha o.n;HY qallI-

KY BeCOB, a .n;pyryro nOJIOBI1HY Ha .n;pyryro qallIKY. ECJII1 o.n;Ha rpynna MO-

HeT OKIDKeTCR JIerqe, TO <paJIbIlI 1Ba.H MOHeTa BXO.n;I1T B 3ry rpynny. ECJII1
:>Ke qallIKH BeCOB ypaBHOBeCRTCR, TO <paJIbllIl1BaR MOHeTa Haxo.n;I1TC.H cpe.n;11
Tpex OCTaBllIl1XCR MOHeT. f]OJIO:>KMB Ha o6e qallIKH BeCOB no O.n;HOM no.n;o-

3pl1TeJIbHOM MOHeTe, MO:>KHO BbIRCHI1Tb, KaKaR MOHeTa <paJIbIlII1BaR.

12.21. f]OJIO:>KI1B .n;Be MOHeTbI Ha O.n;HY qallIKY BeCOB 11 .n;Be Ha .n;pyrYJO,
BbIRCHI1M, B KaKoM nape <paJIbllIl1BaR MOHeTa. f]OJIO)l(I1B MOHeTbI 3TOM
napbI Ha pa3HbIe qallIKI1, Haif.n;eM <paJIbIlII1Byro.
12.22. B03bMeM 6 MOHeT 11 nOJIO)l(l1M nOJIOBI1HY 113 HI1X Ha O.n;HY qallI-

KY BeCOB, a .n;pyrYJO nOJIOBI1HY Ha .n;pyrYJO qallIKY. B pe3YJIbTaTe BbIRC-

HI1M, B KaKOM rpynne MOHeT eCTb <paJIbIlII1BaR. 3TO 6y.n;eT o.n;Ha 113 TpoeK
MOHeT Ha Becax I1JII1 .n;Be OCTaBllIl1eC.H MOHeTbI. HaMTI1 <paJIbIlII1BYJO MO-

HeTY, KOTOpaR JIerqe HaCTO.HI1X, cpe.n;11 .n;BYX I1JII1 Tpex MOHeT MO)l(HO 3a

O.n;HO B3BeIlII1BaHl1e.

12.23. f]OJIO)l(I1M no O.n;HOM MOHeTe Ha Ka)l(,ll;YJO qallIKY. ECJII1 BeCbI

B paBHOBeCI1I1, TO o6e 3TI1 MOHeTbI HaCTO.Hl1e. ECJII1 BeCbI He B paB-

HOBeCI1I1, TO o6e OCTaBllIl1eC.H MOHeTbI HaCTO.Hl1e. f]OJIO)l(I1M Ha O.n;HY
qallIKY BeCOB O.n;HY MOHeTY 113 napbI HaCTO.HIu;I1X, Ha BTOpYJO
-

MOHeTY
113 TOM napbI, B KOTOpOM eCTb <paJIbIlII1BaR. ECJII1 BeCbI B paBHOBeCI1I1, TO

<paJIbllIl1BaR MOHeTa He JIe)l(l1T Ha Becax. ECJII1 BeCbI He B paBHOBeCI1I1,

TO <paJIbllIl1BaR MOHeTa JIe)l(l1T Ha Becax.

12.24. Typl1CTbI Moryr .n;eMcTBoBaTb TaK:

1) .n;Boe caMbIX JIerKI1X ca.n;.HTC.H B JIO.n;KY 11 nepenpaBJI.HIOTCR Ha .n;PY-

rOM 6eper;
116 PeUleHUJl

2) O.n;I1H 113 HI1X npl1rOH.HeT JIO.n;KY 06paTHo;

3) caMbIM T.H)I«JIbIM Typl1CT ca.n;I1TC.H B JIO.n;KY 11 nepenpaBJUIeTC.H;
4) BTOpOM JIerKI1M ca.n;I1TC.H B JIO.n;KY 11 npl1rOH.HeT ee Ha3a.n;;
5) .n;Ba JIerKI1X ca.n;.HTC.H B JIO.n;KY 11 nepenpaBJI.HIOTC.H Ha .n;pyrOM 6eper.
12.25. CHa"4aJIa Hy:>KHO nepeBe3TI1 "4epe3 peKY K03Y. nOcJIe 3Toro ne-

peB03"4I1K B03Bparn;aeTC.H, 11 eCTb .n;Ba Bapl1aHTa .n;aJIbHeMIlII1X .n;eMCTBI1M.

Hy:>KHO nepeBe3TI1 KanycTY (BOJIKa), BepH)'TbC.H 06paTHo C K030M, OCTa-

BI1Tb K03Y Ha 6epery, nepeBe3TI1 BOJIKa (KanycTY) 11 nOTOM nepeBe3TI1

K03Y.
12.26. nepeBepHeM nepBbIe Tpl1 MOHeTbI. Tor.n;a nepBbIe .n;Be MOHe-

TbI 6y.n;)'T JIe:>KaTb BBepx OpJIOM, a nOCJIe.n;Hl1e Tpl1

-

BBepx pelliKoM. Te-

nepb nepeBOpa"4I1BaeM nOCJIe.n;Hl1e Tpl1 MOHeTbI, 11 Bce n.HTb MOHeT JIe-

:>KaT BBepx OpJIOM.

12.27. B03bMeM nepBbIM KJIIO"4 11 no o"4epe.n;11 nonbITaeMC.H OTKpbITb
11M "4eMo.n;aHbI. ECJII1 O.n;I1H 113 nepBbIX n.HTI1 "4eMo.n;aHOB OTKpOeTC.H, OT-

JIO:>KI1M ero B CTOPOHY BMeCTe C KJIIO"40M. IIlecToM "4eMo.n;aH npOBep.HTb

He Hy:>KHO, KJIIO"4 .n;OJI:>KeH ero OTKpbITb. nOCJIe He 60JIee n.HTI1 nonbITOK

OCTaJIOCb 5 KJIIO"4eM 11 5 "4eMo.n;aHOB. C HI1MI1 nOBTOp.HeM TaKl1e :>Ke .n;eM-

CTBI1.H. Bcero nOHa.n;06I1TC.H 5 + 4 + 3 + 2 + 1 ==
15 nonbITOK.
12.28. nOTpe6yeTC.H He MeHbllIe (15. 4 .

5) : 12 ==
25 MI1H)'T. Ho .n;JUI
3Toro Ha.n;o, "4T06bI HI1KTO 113 KY3HeU;OB He npOCTaI1BaJI. PaCCTaBI1M JIO-

l Ia.n;eM no TpeM KpyraM, B Ka)K.lJ;OM Kpyre no 5 JIOllIa.n;eM. "lJeTbIpe KY3He-

u;a no.n;xo.n;.HT K "4eTbIpeM nepBbIM JIOllIa.n;.HM B O.n;HOM 113 KpyrOB 11 no.n;-
KOBbIBalOT (3a 5 MI1H)'T) no O.n;HOMY KonbITY. 3aTeM KIDK.n;bIM nepexo-
.n;I1T K cJIe.n;)'IOrn;eM no "4aCOBOM CTpeJIKe JIOllIa.n;11 11 T..n;. npoBepbTe, "4TO

Kor.n;a KY3Heu;, nepBbIM no.n;KoBaBIlII1M nepB)'IO JIOllIa.n;b, no.n;KyeT n.HTyro

JIOllIa.n;b, Bce JIOllIa.n;11 6y.n;)'T no.n;KOBaHbI. JIollIa.n;11 pacnOJIO:>KeHbI no TpeM
KpyraM, "4eTBepOK KY3Heu;oB TO:>Ke Tpl1.
12.29. nepBbIMI1 TpeM.H y.n;apaMI1 OH Cpy611T no O.n;HOMY XBOCTY 3a

Ka)K.lJ;bIM y.n;ap
-

oCTaH)'TC.H 3 rOJIOBbI 11 6 XBOCTOB. BTOpbIMI1 TpeM.H y.n;a-

paMI1 OH Cpy611T no 2 XBOCTa 3a Ka)K.lJ;bIM y.n;ap
-

OCTaHeTC.H 6 rOJIOB.

nOCJIe.n;HI1MI1 TpeM.H y.n;apaMI1 OH Cpy611T no 2 rOJIOBbI 3a Ka)K.lJ;bIM y.n;ap

-

HI1"4erO He OCTaHeTC.H.

12.30. a) CopBeM 7 pa3 no 2 6aHaHa -

OCTaHeTC.H 6aHaH 11 27 aneJIb-

CI1HOB. nOCJIe 3Toro 27 pa3 copBeM no 6aHaHY 11 aneJIbCI1HY

-

OCTaHeTC.H

TOJIbKO O.n;I1H 6aHaH.

6) KaK 6bI MbI HI1 CpbIBaJII1 TIJIO.n;bI, "4I1CJIO 6aHaHoB Ha .H6JIOHe Bcer.n;a

6y.n;eT OCTaBaTbC.H He"4eTHbIM. eMCTBI1TeJIbHO, eCJII1 MbI copBeM 2 6a-

HaHa -

BbIpacTeT aneJIbCI1H, T. e. "4I1CJIO 6aHaHoB )'MeHbIlII1TC.H Ha "4eT-

 PeweHUfl 117

Hoe qI1CJIO. ECJII1 )Ke MbI COpBeM O,l);I1H 6aHaH (C arreJIbCI1HOM I1JII1 6e3
arreJIbCI1Ha), TO BbIpaCTeT CHOBa O,l);I1H 6aHaH, T. e. ql1CJIO 6aHaHOB He

113MeHI1TCH. n03TOMY eCJII1 IIJIO,l); OCTMCH TOJIbKO O,l);I1H, TO 3TO 6aHaH.

B) 113 rrpe,l);bI,ZJ;ynJ;I1X paCC)')K.n;eHI1i1: BI1,l];HO, QTO, KaK 6bI MbI HI1 cpbIBa-
JII1 IIJIO,l);bI, Ha H6JIOHe BCer,l);a OCTaHeTCH XOTH 6bI O,l);I1H 6aHaH.
12.31. a) +9 (II-i1: 3Ta)K), -7 (4-i1: 3TIDK), +9 (13-i1: 3Ta)K), -7 (6-i1:
3Ta)K), +9 (lS-i1: 3TIDK), -7 (B-i1: 3Ta)K), -7 (I-i1: 3Ta)K);
6) +9 (10-M 3Ta)K), -7 (3-i1: 3Ta)K), +9 (12-i1: 3Ta)K), -7 (S-i1: 3Ta)K),
+9 (14-i1: 3Ta)K), -7 (7-i1: 3Ta)l(), +9 (16-i1: 3Ta)l(), -7 (9-i1: 3Ta)K), -7
(2- i1: 3Ta)l().
12.33. HaQHI1Te C QeTbIpex QeHTpaJIbHbIX KJIeTOK, a 3aTeM 3arrOJIHI1Te

,l);l1arOHMI1.
 Ylle6HO-MemOaUlleCKOe U3aaHUe

BI1KTOP BACI1JIbEBl1q nPACOJIOB

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