:

1. Bromine Number of protons

Number of electrons
Number of neutrons
a. Atomic Number _____________ Atomic number
b. Protons _____________ Mass number
c. Neutrons _____________
2. Lead Number of protons
d. Mass Number _____________
Number of electrons
e. Electrons _____________
Number of neutrons
Atomic number
Mass number

A
X
3. Strontium Number of protons
Number of electrons
Number of neutrons

Z Atomic number
Mass number

4. Barium Number of protons

Number of electrons
Number of neutrons
Atomic number
Tc 43 Mass number
Bohrium 272
32 32 5. Hafnium Number of protons
Number of electrons
Number of neutrons
Tantalum 73 Atomic number
Mass number
27 32
Cf 251
6. Palladium Number of protons
Tin 50 Number of electrons
74 110 Number of neutrons
Atomic number
87 87
Mass number
 4. Neon p+ =
:
e- =

n0 =

A =

Z =
1. Manganese
Shell Notation:

p+ = 5. Potassium
e- =
p+ =
n0 =
e- =
A =
n0 =
Z =
A =

Z =

Shell Notation:
Shell Notation:

2. Gallium 6. Ruthenium

p+ = p+ =

e- = e- =

n0 = n0 =

A = A =

Z = Z =

3. Shell Notation:
Shell Notation:
 :
9. It is the electron configuration of an
atom or ion that is lowest in energy.

Symbol used to represent the

10.
angular momentum quantum
number

1. It identifies the main energy level, or shell of 11. Any electron configuration of an atom
the orbital; also signifies the size of the or molecule other than the lowest
atomic orbital. energy (ground) state.

2. It is the distribution of electrons within 12.

the orbitals of the atoms of an element. Symbol used to represent the
principal quantum number

3. 13.
It indicates the shape of the orbital. It states that electrons will fill the orbitals
singly and with the same spin before they
form doubles with opposite spins.

4. It determines the number of orbitals

14. These are regions in space around
and their orientation within a subshell.
the nucleus where the electron
is most likely to be found.
5. These are the negatively charged subatomic
particles at the outermost energy level which are 15. Symbol used to represent the
directly involved in chemical bonding.
magnetic quantum number

6. It is an imaginary representation of an
electron’s rapidly changing position around 16. Symbol used to represent the spin
the nucleus over time. quantum number

7. It states that no two electrons can have

the same set of four quantum numbers. 17. Paired electrons in an orbital which are
not attracted to magnets

8. It indicates the direction of

electron’s spin on its own axis. 18.
Unpaired electrons in an orbital which
are weakly attracted to magnets

19. The formula used to identify the maximum
number of electrons that can occupy a
principal energy level.
20. The names given to groups of lines
originally noted in the spectra of the
alkali metals.
4. Electrons can move from one from one energy level to another by
____________________ or ____________________ energy.
5. Energy levels in an atom are not ____________________ spaced which
means that the amount of energy is not the same. The higher energy levels
are ____________________ together. If an electron occupies a higher
energy level, it will take ____________________ energy for it to move to the
next higher energy level.
6. The negatively charged electrons revolve around the nucleus in fixed,
definite circular paths called ____________________. Each orbit has a fixed
value of energy.

7. The energy of electrons is ____________________. The energy of an

electron revolving in a particular orbit is fixed and does not change with
quantum state Hund’s Rule of Maximum principal clover-leaf time. As the electrons revolve around the orbits of fixed energy values, the
Multiplicity
unstable equally neutrons electrons in the atom can have only specific definite or discrete energy
two
higher azimuthal quantum number half-filled values. If we want to move the electron to higher level, we need to give
releasing quantized
sharp empty particular amount of energy and it releases same amount of energy while
fermions magnets
Wolfgang Pauli
Aufbeen
full coming to original orbit.
fourteen spherical ten
half-integer individually 8. The line groups in the spectra of the alkali metals that are used to denote
closer bosons
similar protons subshells or orbitals are ____________________, ____________________,
ground state chemical bond
dumb-bell chemical ____________________ and ____________________.
greater excited
light increases
atomic spectra less
fundamental absorbing 9. The s orbitals are ____________________ with the nucleus at its center,
valence electrons diffuse
completely six while p orbitals are shaped like ____________________ are polar and
lowest Aufbau Principle
repel n+1 oriented in particular directions (x, y, and z). Four of the five d orbitals are
noble gases Friedrich Hund
orbits stable ____________________ shaped. The fifth d orbital is shaped like an
quantized electron configuration p, d and f
principal quantum number 2n2 elongated dumbbell with a doughnut around its middle.
1. Electrons in each orbit have definite energy, which ____________________ 10. As the electrons get farther from the nucleus, their energy becomes
as the distance of the orbit from the nucleus increases.
____________________.
2. When an electron of an element absorbs extra energy (from a flame or
electric arc), it moves to a ____________________ energy level, thus reaches 11. The maximum number of electrons per orientation is two. There are only
its ____________________ state. An atom in this state is ____________________ electrons that can occupy the s-orbital,
____________________. ____________________ electrons for p-orbitals, ____________________
electrons for d-orbitals, and a total of ____________________ electrons for
3. When an electron returns to a lower energy levels, it releases energy in the f-orbital.
form of ____________________ with a particular color and a definite energy
or wavelength. 12. The ____________________ dictates the manner in which electrons are
filled in the atomic orbitals of an atom in its ground state. This word comes
from a German word ____________________ and can be roughly translated
 as ‘construct’ or ‘build up’. According to this principle, electrons first occupy
those orbitals whose energy is the ____________________. This implies that
the electrons enter the orbitals having higher energies only when orbitals
with lower energies have been completely filled.
13. The order in which the energy of orbitals increases can be determined with
the help of the ____________________ rule, where the sum of the
________________________________ and
________________________________ determines the energy level of the
orbital.
14. ____________________ subshells feature lower electron-electron
repulsions in the orbitals, thereby increasing the stability. Similarly,
____________________ filled subshells also increase the stability of the
atom. Therefore, the electron configurations of some atoms disobey the
Aufbau principle. This exception is attributed to several factors such as the
increased stability provided by these conditions of subshells and the
relatively low energy gap between the 3d and the 4s subshells.
15. In 1925, an Austrian physicist named ____________________ formulated
the principle which describes the electron arrangements in atoms and
molecules. It also explains the classification of elements in the periodic
table. It helps in describing the various chemical elements and how they
participate in forming ____________________. With this principle, he
basically described the behavior of the electrons. Many electrical, optical,
magnetic, mechanical and chemical properties of solids are the direct
consequence of this principle.
16. Larger elements will have shells of higher energy. The number of electrons
in the outermost shell is also directly related to the different
____________________ properties that elements possess. Elements with the
same number of electrons in the outermost shell will have
____________________ properties.
17. Later in the year 1940, he expanded on the principle to cover all fermions
under his spin-statistics theorem. His study also includes elementary
particles such as quarks, electrons, neutrinos, and baryons.
a. Electrons are part of subatomic particles called
____________________.
b. Fermions are particles with ____________________ spin.
c. All fermions, including ____________________ and
____________________ (derived particles), obey the Pauli exclusion
principle.
d. Pauli exclusion principle states that no two identical electrons
(fermions) can have the same ____________________.
e. ____________________, which have integer values of spin, do not
obey the Pauli exclusion principle. Photons, gravitons, gluons are an
example of bosons.
18. ________________________________________ states that, for a stated
electron configuration, the greatest value of spin multiplicity has the lowest
energy term. It says if two or more than two orbitals having the same
amount of energy are unoccupied then the electrons will start occupying
them ____________________ before they fill them in pairs. It is a rule which
depends on the observation of ____________________, which is helpful in
predicting the ground state of a molecule or an atom with one or more
than one open electronic shell. This rule was discovered in the year 1925
by ____________________.
19. According to this rule electron pairing in ____________________ orbitals
cannot occur until each orbital of a given subshell contains one electron
each or is singly occupied. An electron will not pair with another electron
in a half-filled orbital as it has the ability to fill all its orbitals with similar
energy. Many unpaired electrons are present in atoms which are at the
____________________. If two electrons come in contact they would show
the same behavior as two ____________________ do. The electrons first try
to get as far away from each other as possible before they have to pair up.
20. In simple words, the electrons enter an ____________________ orbital before
pairing up. The electrons ____________________each other as they are
negatively charged. The electrons do not share orbitals to reduce repulsion.
21. The valence shells of two atoms that come in contact with each other will
interact first. When valence shells are not full then the atom is the
____________________ stable. The chemical characteristics of an element are
largely dependent on the ____________________. Similar chemical
characteristics can be seen in elements that have similar valence numbers.
22. The stability can also be predicted by the ____________________. When all the
orbitals of an atom are ____________________ it is most stable. The orbitals
that have full energy level are the most stable, for example,
____________________. These types of elements do not react with other
elements.