Final Internship Report

DIRE DAWA UNIVERSITY
DIRE DAWA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING
COMMUNICATION STREAM
INDUSTRY INTERNSHIP REPORT
INTERNISHIP HOST COMPANY Ethiopian Air force
(Dire Dawa Eastern Base)

PROJECT TITLE: AIR FORCE NETWORK DESIGN (Using Cisco Packet Tracer)
BY:
1. Rediet Deneke ......................................... DDU1104412
2. Yohannes Temesgen .................................DDU1104290
3. Nebiat Shebru ......................................... DDU11004361
4. Yeabsira Adane ....................................... DDU1104673
5. Ameha Betemariam .................................. DDU1104364
Advisor: Mr. Mubarek A.
Dire Dawa, Ethiopia, February 2023

FINAL INTERNSHIP PROJECT ETAF
DECLARATIONS
We announce that the following report paper of the internship period is our original work; we
undertake our internship experience in Ethiopian Air force eastern base we clarify that our work
is original and compiled according to the internship report writing guideline given by the
Institute.
1. Rediet Deneke
2. Yohannes Temesgen
3. Nebiat Shebru
4. Yeabsira Adane
5. Ameha Betemariam
Signature
Place: Dire Dawa
Date of submission
As the students‟ academic advisor, I clarify that the internship prepared by the students‟ is
Original work and compiled according to the guideline provided by the Institute office as far as
my knowledge is concerned.
Name of Advisor
. Mr. Mubarek A
Signature
Page ii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
At the very beginning, we would like to express our gratitude to the almighty God for giving us
Strength and composure to complete our internship program and this report within the scheduled
time next we would like to thank our Advisor Mr. Mubarek A for his guidance The internship
opportunity we had with Ethiopia Air force at Eastern base was a great chance for learning and
professional development. Therefore, we consider our self as very lucky individuals as we were
provided with an opportunity to be part of it. We are also grateful for having a chance to meet so
many wonderful people and professionals who led us thought this internship period. We would
like especially thanks to Major tech. Solomon and Colonel. Tewodros for their generous support,
careful and precious guidance which were extremely valuable for our studies both theoretically
and practically without tierd during our internship. We shared their experience very generously
and we have learned a lot from them.
Page iii
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This report is an outcome of the internship we conducted during our internship period at
Ethiopian Air force, Dire Dawa Branch. This was an opportunity for us to put into practice the
theoretical knowledge we had acquires during our four years of academic study. The purpose of
this report is to put in writing the work experience we had acquired and the learning attained
from performing specific tasks while working in a professional environment. In our report, we
briefly described the background of our internship hosting company; that is the Ethiopian Air
force, its main services, the overall organization, and workflow. And we briefly explain the
overall internship experience we have gained during our practical periods. We started by telling
how we get into the company, in which section of the company we have been working in, and
the workplace we‟ve been executing. We have also explained clearly what the general workflow
in our site looks like. The procedures we have used while performing our tasks are also included
in this part of the report. we briefly explain the overall benefits we gained from our internship in
terms of improving our practical skills, organizational problem-solving capability, team working
skills, leadership skills, upgrading our theoretical knowledge, understanding about work ethics,
and entrepreneurship skills. At the last, we covered our recommendation and conclusion with the
project for our internship period
Page iv
List of Acronyms
AC Alternating Current
AMU-50 Remote Mounted
ARK-Y15 Automatic Radio Compass
ARK-Y2 Automatic Direction Finder
COM 1 Communication 1
COM 2 Communications 2
DC Direct current
EFIS Electronic Flight Instrument System

ETAF Ethiopian Air Force
HF High frequency
IFF Identify Friend or Foe
KHZ Kilo Hertz
LF Low Frequency
MHZ Mega Hertz
NAV 1 Navigation 1
NAV 2 Navigation 2
OAT outside Air Temperature
R/T Receiver/Transmitter
RI-65 Voice Information Reporting System
RM01 Remote Memory Unit
RV-5M Radio Altimeter
SPO-10 & 15 Warning Radar
SPU-8 Inter Communication
UHF Ultra-high frequency
Page v
VHF Very high frequency
ADAHRS Air Data Heading Reference System
GPS Global Positioning System
IC Integrated Circuit
IDU Integrated Display Units
LCD Light Emitting Diode
MFDs Multi-Function Display
MSU Magnetic Sensor Unit
PFD Primary Flight Data
BER Bit Error Rate
DSP Digital Signal Processing
EM Electromagnetic Field
ISI Inter Symbol Interference
LOS Line of sight
NR Receiver Signal
NT Transmit Signal
Page vi
Contents
DECLARATIONS………………………………………………………………………………………………….i
ACKNOWLEDGMENT……………………………………………………………………………………………ii
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY…………………………………………………………………………………………iii
List of Acronyms……………………………………………………………………………………………………iv
LIST OF FIGURES………………………………………………………………………………………………….xi
List of Table…………………………………………………………………………………………………………xii
PART I……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….1
CHAPTER 1…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..1
1.BACKGROUND OF ETHIOPIAN AIR FORCE…………………………………………………………………..1
1.1HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF ETHIOPIAN AIR FORCE……………………………………………….1
1.2OBJECTIVE, VISION, MISSION AND VALUES OF ETAF……………………………………………2
Specific objectives……………………………………………………………………………………………..2
Vision……………………………………………………………………………………………………………2
Mission………………………………………………………………………………………………………….2
Values……………………………………………………………………………………………………………2
THE MAIN SERVICE OF ETAF………………………………………………………………………………...3
Organizational Structure of Ethiopian Air Force…………………………………………………………………3
ETAF Eastern air base……………………………………………………………………………………………5
CHAPTER TWO……………………………………………………………………………………………………….6
OVERALL INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE……………………………………………………………………………..6
2.1HOW DO WE GET IN TO THE ETAF EASTERN AIR BASE……………………………………………..6
2.2 WORK FLOW AND OPERATIONS OF ETAF EASTERN AIRBASE…………………………………6
2.3 MI-35 FIGHTER HELICOPTERS……………………………………………………………………….6
2.3.1 Communication Part……………………………………………………………………………………..7
a. R-828 (FM Radio Set)………………………………………………………………………………………9
b. YDRO-1E (HF Communication Radio Set)………………………………………………………………..10
c. Magnetic voice recorder MS-61………………………………………………………………………….10
d. RI-65(Voice Information Reporting System)……………………………………………………………..11
2.3.2 Navigation Parts……………………………………………………………………………………….12
a. Radio Altimeter (RV-5M)………………………………………………………………………………13
Page vii
B.ARK-Y15 M (Automatic Radio Compass)……………………………………………………………………..14
C. ARK-Y2 (Automatic Direction Finder)………………………………………………………………………..15
Components of ARK-Y2…………………………………………………………………………………………16
D. R-852 RECEIVER…………………………………………………………………………………………….16
2.3..3 Radar part………………………………………………………………………………………………….17
2.4G120TP-A…………………………………………………………………………………………………………20
2.4.1 Communication system………………………………………………………………………………..20
1. Speech communication……………………………………………………………………………………..21
VHF COM 1…………………………………………………………………………………………………….22
VHF COM 2………………………………………………………………………………………………………….22
2.4.2 Navigation………………………………………………………………………………………………25
A. Pitot/static System…………………………………………………………………………………………25
B. OAT………………………………………………………………………………………………………26
C. Radar Altimeter…………………………………………………………………………………………..26
D. Storm scope (optional)……………………………………………………………………………………..26
2. Attitude and direction……………………………………………………………………………………….26
A. Magnetic Compass……………………………………………………………………………………………27
B. Air Data Altitude Heading Reference System (ADAHRS)…………………………………………………….27
D. Magnometer (MAG-3000)…………………………………………………………………………………….29
E. Integrated display unit (IDU-680)……………………………………………………………………………29
F. Electronic Standby Instrument (ESI-2000)……………………………………………………………………30
2.5 Air Traffic control2.5.1Cabling………………………………………………………………………………………31
Connectors………………………………………………………………………………………………………..33
Procedures…………………………………………………………………………………………………………34
CHAPTER 3…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….37
OVERALL BENEFITS GAINED FROM INTERNSHIP AND CHALENGES…………………………………………37
3.1BENFITS OF THE INTERNSHIP…………………………………………………………………………….37
3.1.1 PRACTICAL SKILL……………………………………………………………………………………….37
3.1.2 UNDERSTANDING WORK ETHICS……………………………………………………………………..37
3.1.3 LEADERSHIP SKILLS………………………………………………………………………………….38
3.1.4 IN TERMS OF IMPROVING INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION SKILL…………………….38
3.1.5 KNOWLEDGE GAINED………………………………………………………………………………….39
3.1.6 IN TERMS OF IMPROVING OUR TEAM PLAYING SKILL……………………………………40
3.1.7 IMPROVING ENTREPRENEURSHIP SKILL……………………………………………………….41
3.1.8 BENEFITS ON FINDING A JOB…………………………………………………………………..41
3.2 CHALLENGES DURING THE INTERNSHIP TIME……………………………………………………..42
Page viii
CHAPTER 4 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION……………………………………………………….43

4.1 CONCULISION…………………………………………………………………………………………..43
4.2 Recommendation………………………………………………………………………………………………43
REFERENCES………………………………………………………………………………………………………….45
PART II PROJECTWORK……………………………………………………………………………………………46
ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………………………………………..47
CHAPTER ONE…………………………………………………………………………………………………….48
1.1 BACKGROUND………………………………………………………………………………………48
1.2 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT…………………………………………………………………..48
1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM……………………………………………………………………..49
1.4 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT……………………………………………………………………….49
1.4.1 GENERAL OBJECTIVE…………………………………………………………………………..49
1.4.2 Specific objectives……………………………………………………………………………………49
1.5 METHODOLOGY………………………………………………………………………………...50
1.6 PROJECT SCOPE……………………………………………………………………………………51
1.7 Limitation of the Project………………………………………………………………………………51
1.8 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT……………………………………………………………………52
CHAPTER 2……………………………………………………………………………………………………………53
1. LITERATURE REVIEW……………………………………………………………………………………………53
CHAPTER 3 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS……………………………………………………………………………54
3.1 Software Requirement……………………………………………………………………………………….54
Packet trace…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..54
3.2 System Element…………………………………………………………………………………………55
 Ethernet………………………………………………………………………………………………….57
 Computing Device………………………………………………………………………………………..57
 Internet Protocol………………………………………………………………………………………..57
 SSH Protocol……………………………………………………………………………………………57
 Simulation Environment…………………………………………………………………………………58
3.3 Network Requirements……………………………………………………………………………….58
3.4 Implementation and Flow Diagram……………………………………………………………………….59
3.5 Configuring IP Addresses………………………………………………………………………………….61
 DNS SERVER……………………………………………………………………………………………62
 EMAIL SERVER……………………………………………………………………………………63
 Aviation…………………………………………………………………………………………………66
 Logistics…………………………………………………………………………………………………67
Page ix
 GROB ROUTER............................................................................................................................................................ 67
 Electrical system…………………………………………………………………………………..68
 Flight manger…………………………………………………………………………………….68
 Securing the network………………………………………………………………………………..69
CHAPTER 4……………………………………………………………………………………………………70
4. RESULT AND DISCUSION……………………………………………………………………………70
4.1 RESULT………………………………………………………………………………………..70
4.2 Final Simulation……………………………………………………………………………………….71
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION……………………………………………………73
5.1 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………………..73
5.2 Recommendation…………………………………………………………………………………….73
REFERENCES……………………………………………………………………………………………………….74
Page x
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1Ethiopian air force bases .................................................................................................................................. 4

Figure 2 organizational work flow ................................................................................................................................ 5
Figure 3Mi35 helicopter ................................................................................................................................................ 7
Figure 4 intercom control box ....................................................................................................................................... 8
Figure 5 recording unit ................................................................................................................................................ 11
Figure 6control unit ..................................................................................................................................................... 11
Figure 7 RV -5M altimeter indicator ........................................................................................................................... 14
Figure 8ARK-15 Control panel and indicator ............................................................................................................. 15
Figure 9Warning radar ................................................................................................................................................ 17
Figure 10 IFF radar ..................................................................................................................................................... 19
Figure 11G120TP-A .................................................................................................................................................... 20
Figure 12communications and equipment location ..................................................................................................... 22
Figure 13ADHRS ........................................................................................................................................................ 28
Figure 14 Integrated display unit ................................................................................................................................. 29
Figure 15 cable color arrangements ............................................................................................................................ 32
Figure 16crossover color of cable arrangement........................................................................................................... 33
Figure 17RJ connector ................................................................................................................................................ 33
Figure 18 splice cable end ........................................................................................................................................... 34
Figure 19 Untwist wire end ......................................................................................................................................... 34
Figure 20arranging wire .............................................................................................................................................. 35
Figure 21Trim wire ..................................................................................................................................................... 35
Figure 22 attaching a connector .................................................................................................................................. 35
Figure 23checker ......................................................................................................................................................... 35
Figure 24 crimper ........................................................................................................................................................ 36
Figure 25 testing .......................................................................................................................................................... 36
Figure 26 methodology ............................................................................................................................................... 50
Figure 27 flowchart of the project ............................................................................................................................... 60
Figure 28the complete diagram of the air force eastern base network scenario created in packet tracer
environments ............................................................................................................................................................... 70
Figure 29final simulation ............................................................................................................................................ 71
Page xi
List of Table
Table 1device used ...................................................................................................................................................... 58

Table 2wireless access point ....................................................................................................................................... 69
Table 3securing network ............................................................................................................................................. 69
Page xii
Page xiii
PART I
CHAPTER 1
BACKGROUND OF ETHIOPIAN AIR FORCE

1.1HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF ETHIOPIAN AIR FORCE
Aviation has come to our country on 18 August 1929 during the rule of his imperial (Haile Selassie), in
doing so the emperor air force was established with two training aircraft‟s denoted by Swedish
government to the country. The organization established for providing forces of the national defending
power security and supporting armed forces of the country from any dissuade when war occurs as soon as
possible shift to the Eastern bloc while the ETAF role was critical in stopping the advance of the
Somali forces, the ground forces were not ready for offensive operations to expel the Somalis
from the area they controlled. This is because of the logistics department plays a dispensable role
in providing any necessary warfare equipment at the rights port of the national defense forces
requirements. [1]
Eastern Air base is one of the pioneer‟s bases which was established in the mind of 1950E.C.
The base has planted firstly as squadron, grown to the regiment and now become the base with
full equipped in materials/armaments/, fighter air craft and military corps.
The army was short in equipment of all sorts, and after the Derg acquired power United States
President Jimmy Carter cut off all military aid to Ethiopia. Desperate, the Derg regime turned to
the Soviets for help. The Soviet Union, which was providing assistance to Somalia, switched
sides and agreed to provide substantial economic and military aid that proved to be decisive. As
a result, ETAF received large number of aircraft for fighter, helicopter, transport roles. The
Cubans provided 17,000 troops to support the Ethiopian forces. Included were Cuban pilots who
flew the newly Soviet supplied MiG-21s.[2]
Page 1
1.2OBJECTIVE, VISION, MISSION AND VALUES OF ETAF
The objective of ETAF eastern air base promoting the development of the country to the highest
standard and also for the country to meet the world class standards
Specific objectives
 protecting the national air space

 providing support to the ground force
 assisting civil operations during national emergency
Vision
To see the modern air forces to be absolutely loyal to the constitution and the constitutional
system. And define the country's airspace from any kind of air attack. Moreover to play a crucial
role in continental and international mission
Mission
Offer the ground force and other military elements transportation and reconnaissance
information. Uphold the Ethiopian constitutional order and safeguard the nation from outside
threats by maintaining air superiority to sustainably protect the nation's space, development, and
democracy. Disassemble and complete regional, continental, and international peacekeeping
missions successfully. To safeguard the nation's countries, ethnicities, peoples, as well as the
general public and governmental organizations, against both natural and man-made disasters.
Values
The Ethiopia Air force ethic consists of three fundamental and enduring values of integrity first,
service before self, and excellence in all we do.
There are four reasons the service recognizes the Air force core values as fundamental to its
people:
Page 2
 The core values identify the attributes all Airmen should live
 They point to what is universal and unchanging in the profession of arms
 They help us get fix on ethical climate of an organization
 They serve as beacons vectoring us back to the path of professional conduct
THE MAIN SERVICE OF ETAF
 ready to defend the Ethiopian people against foreign armies
 checks and secures the ground equipment before the air craft depart from the station
 Ground power (Logistics duty)
 Grob Air Craft primary flight training wing
 MI-35FighterHelicopters
Organizational Structure of Ethiopian Air Force

The Ethiopia Air Force has its own structured. The structures divide into Eastern and Western
part. The Eastern Air Base parts are:
 Dire Dawa Airport and

 Gode Airport
The Western Air Base parts are:
 Mekele Airport
 Bahirdar Airport and
 Debre Zeyit Airport.
Page 3
Figure 1Ethiopian air force bases
/SOURCE HTTPS://EN.WIKIPEDIA.ORG/WIKI/ETHIOPIAN_AIR_FORCE
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE AND WORKFLOW
The ETAF eastern airbase has three basic department, these are
 Logistics
 Financial manager
 Bomber command
Bomber command has two departments these are
 Bomber Logistic
 Bomber Maintenance
Bomber Logistic and Bomber Maintenance has also theree section or departments and we
havejoined on both bomber logistics and maintenance
 Aviation
 G120TP-A Commander
 Mig-35 fighting helicopter
Page 4
ETAF Eastern air base
Financial Bomber Logistics

manager command
Bomber Bomber
Logistics maintenance
G120TP-A
Commander
Aviation Agar/garage
Ground Supply
Power Mechani Ground
Shop cal Shop Power
Dock Flight
Electrical Manager Manager
system
Manager
Figure 2 organizational work flow

Figure 1.2 Organization and Work flow
Page 5
CHAPTER TWO
OVERALL INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE
2.1HOW DO WE GET IN TO THE ETAF EASTERN AIR BASE
The industries linkage program is planned to create a good interaction between university and
industries .This provide student have to have the capability of facing and solving practical
problems. Because of these reasons, Dire Dawa University has given a great deal attention to this
program in helping students starting from searching companies that are willing to be part of these
program to giving essential documents and schedules. We took holistic exam and pass it.
therefore, we were requested to search companies by ourselves that where suitable in terms of
place of work, transportation availability and availability of work that where good. After we
have taken the request paper of internship paper from the Industrial linkage of Dire Dawa
University from late October 2022 G.C, we distribute the request paper to many companies
related to our department. From those companies, Ethiopian Air force was the company that
accepted our requesting internship paper for three months
2.1 WORK FLOW AND OPERATIONS OF ETAF EASTERN AIRBASE
There are different sections in ETAF students may take practice, but as we mentioned before
have been exercised on MI-35 Fighter Helicopters, Grob120TP-A . Aviation air traffic control
divisions the work task we have executed was how MI-35 helicopters, Grob120TP aircraft or
Pilotes communicate with ground station and with other aircraft in the space. This
communication can pass through radio communication system, antenna system and other
systems in the company
2.2 MI-35 FIGHTER HELICOPTERS
MI-35M is a multi-role combat helicopter manufactured by Rostvertol, a subsidiary of Russian

Helicopters. Primarily designed for attack and military transport missions, the helicopter offers a
superior flight performance and maneuverability compared to its predecessor. It can be modified
as an attack, ground assault, medical evacuation (MEDEVAC) or transport platform. [3]
Page 6
Figure 3Mi35 helicopter

Source Ethiopian air force Wikipedia
MI-35Fighter Helicopter Communication System can be three parts:
2.1.1 Communication Part
A. SPU-8 (Inter Communication)
Purpose
Voice communication system ensures:
 Voice communication b/n crew members over two inters phone communication
 Circuit for this purpose use in the mode of AA-3 inter phone control box
 External voice communication through three radio set
 Reception of signal from two navigation facilities
Specification
 Frequency range 300-3400 HZ

 Power consumed 27V DC
Page 7
Components
 AA-3 CONTROL BOX 3 PCS

 YC3-2 AMPLIFIER 2PCS
 BDD DIVIDER UNIT
 BCC SPECIAL SIGNAL UNIT
Figure 4 intercom control box

Figure 2.2 AA-3 inter com control box
Source eastern air base
 The R-863 radio set is a VHF transceiver provides communication with the
ground command radio station as well as air to air communication between
helicopters (a/c).
 An emergence receiver available in the radio set ensure stand by signal reception
on emergence frequency a drop of the supply voltage drop to 18v in the
emergence mode is to tolerable from a period not exceeding 3 minute
Page 8
Specification
 VHF 100 to 149.975MHz

 UHF 220 TO 389.975 MHz
 Types of modulation AM and FM
 Power supply 27 VDC
Component
 Transmitter
 Receiver
 Control panel
 Antenna matching
 Impedance matching
The Receiver is design to amplify, convert and develop radio frequency output. The Transmitter
is designed for high frequency signal of amplitude modulation with AM-long-range radio
frequency increase range decrease FM-short.
B. R-828 (FM Radio Set)
Purpose:
The R-828 radio set is intended for providing radio telephone communication b/n the helicopter
crew and control posts as well as individual mobile objects of the land force.
Specification:
 Power consumed 27vdc
 Frequency range 20 to 59.975mhz
 TX power 10 w
 Modulation type FM
 Receiver sensitivity 2mv
 Mass of radio set equipment 16.5 kg
Page 9
 Distance in km ................................................ 70 km at 1000multitude
C. YDRO-1E (HF Communication Radio Set)
Transceiver radio set is designed to provide simplex voice fixed tuned communication & the
ground control posts as well as communication with the crew of helicopter equipped with HF
radio set on the ground and on the air.
Component
 Transceiver unit
 Antenna matching
 Control panel
D. Magnetic voice recorder MS-61
The aircraft magnetic voice recorder is designed for recording speech sound from output of radio
receivers and communication systems or simply to record the messages from throat microphones
on the wire-type sound carrier. It is similar to commercial tape recorder -recording time i.e. time
duration for total record is 5.5hrs.
Main Components
 recording head
 on-off toggle switch
 Pilot lamp of continuous recording time should be at least
5.5hrs.Principle of Operation
The recording amplifier and high frequency bias circuit (erasing biasing escalator) prepare the
signal to be recorded for application to the recorded head. The record head converts the electrical
signal in to a pattern of varying state of magnetization of the tape Aircraft voice recorder (\MS-
Page 10
The magnetic recorder will automatically start recording when a 1000Hz signal applied to the
input.
Figure 5 recording unit

Figure 2.3 Recording unit
Figure
Figure 2.46control
Control unit
panel
E. RI-65(Voice Information Reporting System)
The voice message equipment type Ri-65 used to circulate taped messages about emergency
situations in the flight among the crew of the aircraft and to a ground command post operator
via/through the ABR set.
Page 11
Purpose
 The voice information reporting system is designed for oral warning of the pilot and
crew members as well as ground command post operator by means of command radio
station p-863.
 To play-back taped messages automatically in to the helmet and in to transmitter input

up on interval of signals from alarm sensors of the aircraft.
Note: The warning circulation is done through ABR set of emergency situation aboard the
aircraft and the aircraft reaching critical flight conditions. The equipment installed on the air
craft consists of the following components:
 Voice message unit RI-65-10
 Matching amplifier unit RI-65-30
 Control panel/unit RI-65-20
2.1.2 Navigation Parts
A. DISS-15(Doppler Meter)
 The DISS-15 Doppler equipment is intended for an automatic continuous measurement

and indication of the speed vector components in the low speed mode, ground speed and
drift angle in the mode, dead reckoning (without find) and indication of the helicopter
position coordinates and also for injunction of this data in to other air born system.
 The Doppler equipment can be operated any season of the year both day and night.
Function
 Bring the helicopter to a point with the preset coordinates.
 Hovering and landing with no information on the wind direction and force available.
 Hovering and controlling the helicopter movement under no visibility conditions.
Page 12
Specification
 Power radiated 2-10 W minimum.
 Range of operation altitude.
 Power consummation 27VDC, 115VAC & 36VAC at 400Hz.
DISS consist of the following components:
 High freq. unit (Antenna unit)
 Low freq. unit (LF)
 Coordinate computer
 Hovering and low speed indicator
 Ground speed and drift angle indicator;
 Coordinate indicator
 Coupling unit
Principal of operation
 To insure hoping a three beams pattern radiating SHF energy and receiving the reflecting
signal.
B. Radio Altimeter (RV-5M)
Purpose
 The RV-5M Radio altimeter is designed to measure the altitude reading from 0-750
respective of the visibility condition of the natural terrain
 The RV-5M radio altimeter is designed for measuring the helicopter flight altitude above
the ground and sea level within the range of 0 to 750M and for supplying the crew, the
automatic flight control system within the following data:
 Present altitude visual data from the altimeter
 Information on the helicopter descent to the present critical altitude and flight
below the critical altitude.
Page 13
 Information of frailer of the RV-5M radio altimeter
Specification
 Transmitter frequency range 4200-4400MHz
 power consumed 115VAC 400Hz ,27VDC
 Average time of failure free operation 300hrs
Arrangement of component
 transceiver(pp-5r) with shock mount
 The UV-5m altitude indicator
 Two AP5-1 horn antennas
Figure
Figure 2.57RV-5M
RV -5MAltimeter
altimeterIndicator
indicator
C.ARK-Y15 M (Automatic Radio Compass)
Purpose
 The automatic radio compass ARK-15m is designed for installation in helicopter for
flying the helicopter by using make locator and broad casting radio station.
 The automatic direction finder provides for solving the following navigation problems.
Page 14
 Flying to and from radio station with visual display of relative bearing continuous
reading of the relative bearing of the marker locator or broad casting radio station landing
approach by using the instrument landing system.
Specification
 Frequency-range 150-179.5KHz
 Sensitivity 25 micro volt
 Warm up time 1-2 minutes
 Power consumption 27DCV, and 36V, 400Hz from 115V 400Hz distribution box
The radio compass can be used in the following mode of operation:
 Compass mode
 Loop mode
 Antenna mode
Figure 8ARK-15 Control panel and indicator

Figure 2.6 ARK-15 Control panel and Indicator
D. ARK-Y2 (Automatic Direction Finder)
Purpose
Page 15
The air borne automatic USW radio compass type ARK-Y2 is designed for homing rescue a/c
(helicopters) on emergency USW (ULTERA SHORT WAVE) radio stations Radio beacons. In
addition to radio compass ARKA –y2 may be employed assistant by means for homing a/c or air
field through a ground homing radio station.
Specification
 Frequency range 100-150MHz
 Power consumption 27VDC, 115 AC, 400Hz
 Mass of ARK-y2 10 kg
 Sensitivity 50 V
 Error of degree ± 3% maximum
 Flight altitude 2500m
Components of ARK-Y2
 Antenna unit
 Antenna amplifier
 Switching box
 Control circuit
 Control panel
E. R-852 RECEIVER
Purpose
 The small size R-852 RX is designed for receiving emergency signals aboard the
helicopter as well as for operation in conjunction with the ARK-U2 VHF automatic
direction finder as a receiving facility.
Main Data
 Total NO. of rigid fixed waves
Page 16
 Sensitivity 5MV or better
 DC power supply source 27v
 RX warm up time 1min
 Mass 2.5 kg
 Flight altitude 100 m minimum
2.3..3 Radar part
A. Warning radar (SPO-10 & 15)
This type of radar system is used to warn the crew (pilot) on the aircraft by furnishing
(supplying) audio (sound) and video (light) signals that the object on the aircraft is being
illuminated by the air born interception and sighting radars from any direction of flight or in
simple sentence, it is designed for warning the pilot on air craft illumination by radars from any
direction of flight.
Illuminators (interceptors) of the warning radars are: -illuminators (interceptors) of the warning
radars are:
 Air born (air craft radars)
 Ground radar
 Ship boom radar
 MGS (missile guidance system)
Figure 9Warning radar

Figure 2.7 Warning radar
Page 17
B. IFF Radar/ Identify Friend or Foe
The aircraft IFF transponder CRO-2 is designed to identify the aircraft by sending out coded
signal in replay to the interrogation signals of aircraft, ground and sea borne /ship born
interrogators MGS.SRZO-is an air borne radar interrogator responses which is used for
determine whether the aircraft and the ship detected by the friendly, armed forces as well as for
transmitting reply signals in response to the challenging /interrogation signals sent by other
interrogators. When the indicators are show single strip, the code doesn‟t coincide it shows the
enemy aircraft, in this time the pilot must be ready to destroy the enemy target. When the
indicator is showing two or double strip this code coincide it indicates friendly aircraft.
Functions of antennas
1st band- antennas -intended to receive signal is transmitted both by air borne and ground radars.
And band located at the wing tips.
 The aircraft set of equipment includes 4-antennas installed in pairs on each wing, one in
other.
 The front and the other in the rear(tail) selection
 The antennas are non-directional
2nd band –to pick up signal is transmitted by the ground or ship borne radars and located the
under-fuselage nose part.
 Two in number usually mounted on the wing tips bottom surface or under the fuse lag
nose.
 Part- provides circular coverage in horizontal plane and in the lower atmosphere.
3rd band- are antennas used for receiving and transmitting interrogation and reply signals and
located at the nose & fin part.
Page 18
Figure 10 IFF radar
Page 19
2.2G120TP-A
Figure 11G120TP-A
Figure 2.9 G120TP-Asoources
2.1.1 Communication system
Components of communication system
Radio: which let the pilots talk to the ground?
Audio system: which let the pilots talk to each other?
Avionics rack: in the middle of the instrument panel holds the main avionic equipment.
Description
The G 120TP-A communications system has these components:
 COM 1/NAV 1 ADR 7050
 COM 2/NAV 2 ADR 7050
 AMU-50. Remote mounted. Located inside the shelf bracket, in the front of the pilot‟s
side. The IDU-680 controls the audio-panel.
Page 20
 UHF antenna (optional). The UHF antenna is located under the rear fuselage.
 COM 1 VHF antenna. The COM 1 antenna is located under the baggage compartment.
 COM 2 VHF antenna. The COM 2 antenna is located in the vertical stabilizer.
 Remote Memory Unit RM01. The RM01 unit is located on a bracket on the side of the
AMU-50.
 Loudspeaker Panel. The loudspeaker panel is located on the center console. It contains
the following items:
 Loudspeaker. The loudspeaker allows to hear the audio voice from the
AMU 50 in the cockpit.
 Speaker switch. It is used to switch ON/OFF the loudspeaker.
 2 Jack-sockets MIC. For connecting the headsets for pilot and co-pilot.
 2 Jack-sockets MASK (optional). For connecting the oxygen-mask forpilot and co-pilot.
 2 Micro foe switches. For changing between the jack sockets MIC and
MASK (optional).
 Headsets. Each headset has a dynamic microphone. A jack-plug connects

each headset to the audio system.
1. Speech communication
The radio equipment connects to the AMU-50. Some radio equipment has navigation functions.
The COM /NAV also control the remote-mounted AMU-50.
Both COM 1 / NAV 1 and COM 2 / NAV 2 can control the remote-mounted transponder.
Page 21
VHF COM 1
The COM 1 VHF system has these components
 COM 2/NAV 1 - ADR 7050 VHF Transceiver, integral with VOR/LOC/GS.
 COM 1 antenna. Located right of center line below the baggage compartment.
VHF COM 2
The COM 2 VHF system has two components:
 COM 2/NAV 2 - ADR 7050 VHF Transceiver, integral with VOR/LOC/GS.
 COM 2 antenna. The COM 2 antenna is located in the vertical stabilizer.
Figure 12communications and equipment location

Figure 2.10 Communication and Equipment locations
Page 22
2. Audio integrating
The audio integrating system connects to the speech communication system and the Navigation
system.
A. System Components
 Audio Management Unit AMU-50.
 Remote Memory Unit RM01
 Loudspeaker Panel.
B. System Description and Operation
The AMU-50: The items Connected to the AMU-50 are the users‟ headsets, the transceivers, the
receivers, and the audio control interface.
The RM01: is a small, remote mounted device that connects to the AMU-50 via a digital bus.
The RM01 stores the system‟s configuration and aural alert files „remotely‟, allowing
replacement of the AMU-50 without having to reconfigure the replacement unit on the bench or
in the aircraft.
When the hardware is powered up, the AMU-50 and RM01 compare the system configuration
and aural alert files. If they are the same, system operation commences. If they are different, the
configuration data from the RM01 is downloaded within 3 minutes into the AMU-50, then
system operation commences.
A USB port is provided on the AMU-50 for configuration programming. The system
configuration is downloaded into the AMU-50 using the USB port and is stored in the Remote
Memory enabling the replacement of the AMU-50 without the need of downloading a new
configuration file.
The IDU provides the audio control interface for the audio system via RS-232 connection to the
AMU-50.
Page 23
The AMU-50 is controlled by the IDU.
C. Modes of Operation AMU-50
The AMU-50 has three modes of operation:
Normal Mode,
Backup Mode, and
Emergency Mode,
In Back-up mode, the pilot and the co-pilot maintain full functionality via back-up microphone
and headphone amplifiers but all other headsets (if used) are disabled.
In Emergency mode all control functions via the IDUs are deactivated, and the pilot and co-
pilot maintain a limited amount of functionality. In this mode, the pilot will be able to listen to
limited inputs at a fixed level, and transmit on COM1. The co-pilot will be able to listen to
limited inputs at a fixed level, and transmit on COM2. Both pilot and co-pilot will have keyed
intercom audio at a fixed level. Emergency mode disables the Digital Signal Processing software
and provides the above functionality via analog technology.
A switch in the cockpit allows the pilot to select Normal, Backup and Emergency modes of
operation
3. Static discharging
The static discharge system uses the electrical bonding system.
The static-discharging-system removes the electrostatic charge which collects on the aircraft
surfaces.
The GRP structure of the G-120TP-A does not let electricity flow through it.
The paint used on the aircraft surfaces lets electricity flow through it and the usual static-
discharge-brushes attach to the tip of each flying surface.
There are 8 static discharge-brush on the aircraft body/2 at trailing edge of each winglet,2 on the
Page 24
rudder and 1 on each elevator
2.1.2 Navigation
1. Flight environment data
Flight environment data has four systems:
A. Pitot/static System
The aircraft has a combined pitot/static tube. The tube attaches to the leading edge of the leftwing.
The front of the tube has the usual hole for pitot pressure. And the sides of the tube haveholes
for static pressure. Flexible hoses connect the pitot/static tube to water traps in the fuselage.
Flexible plastic pipesThe plastic pipes have this color code:
 Pitot system Green flexible pipes: transmit the pitot pressure to the instruments.
 Static system Transparent flexible pipes: transmit the static pressure to the instruments
 Alternate static system. Red flexible pipes:
An alternate static system connects to a guarded switch on the instrument panel, top right. The
alternate static system has a static pressure port in the right circuit breaker panel. It senses
cockpit pressure.
The alternate static system connects to the alternate static switch. The system has a port which
senses static pressure in the cockpit. If the usual static is unreliable, (for example due to ice) the
pilot can switch to alternate static. The alternate static is less accurate than the usual static. the
Pitot tube and the static vents connect to the two ADAHRS and the ESI-2000.The ADAHRS also
provides a standard altitude output for the transponder. The water traps prevent water from going
along the pipes to the instruments. Pitot, static and alternate static also connect to the sensor-unit
of the flight data recorder.
Page 25
B. OAT
The aircraft has two OAT sensors. The sensors are located in the leading edges access panel
holding the pitot/static tube below the left wing. The sensor provides OAT data to the IDU.
C. Radar Altimeter
The radar altimeter provides altitude above ground level (AGL) data to the electronic flight
instrument system (EFIS).
The radar altimeter provides altitude information from -20 feet up to 2500 feet maximum.
The displayed altitude indication is the vertical distance from the antennas to the terrain.The
system consists of these components:
 The radar altimeter Receiver/Transmitter (R/T) Unit.

 Two antenna units.
The radar altimeter contains one electrical connector in the front and two co-axial connectors inthe
back and is located in the bottom side of the digital instrument panel, on the co-pilot‟s side. The two
antennas are located on the bottom of the co-pilot‟s side wing. The WX-500 antenna is a passive
sensor which works on the ground and in the air.
D. Storm scope (optional)
The optional Storm scope WX-500 functions are displayed and controlled on the Multi-Function
Displays (MFDs).
The Storm scope detects electrical discharges from thunderstorms. The MFD plots the location
of the thunderstorm.
2. Attitude and direction
These items are installed in the aircraft through:
Page 26
A. Magnetic Compass
The Magnetic Compass is an independent direct reading magnetic device which senses and
indicates aircraft magnetic heading. The magnetic compass is on the top of the instrument-panel
cover. A compass deviation card islocated adjacent to the compass.
B. Air Data Altitude Heading Reference System (ADAHRS)
The main function of the ADAHRS module is to provide heading, attitude and air data
information to the IDU.The ADAHRS module receives inputs from the Magnetic Sensor Unit
(MSU), Outside Air Temperature probe (OAT) and the aircraft pitot and static systems and
translates them to digital data that is showed on the Integrated Display Units (IDU).
The ADAHRS module contains:
 Rate sensors and accelerometers: These are used to sense the positioning and acceleration
of the ADAHRS module.
 Pressure sensors: These are used to detect and calculate the pitot and static air pressures.
 Heaters: The heater is a resistive element that is attached to the heat sink and is used to
ensure that the ADAHRS module is heated to the minimum operating temperature that
the sensors require.
The ADAHRS module is installed on the upper right side of each IDU located on the pilot‟s side.
Page 27
Figure 13ADHRS
Figure 2.11 ADHRS
C. Magnetic Sensing Unit (MSU)
Two MSUs are fitted one in each wing.
The MSU installed in the left wing sends magnetic heading to the Co-Pilot‟s side EFIS. The
MSU installed in the right wing sends magnetic heading information to the Pilot‟s side EFIS.
The MSU consists of a tri-axial earth field magnetometer, two axis accelerometer (tilt sensor), a
micro-controller, power supplies and communication with protection circuitry collocated in a
single unit. It is a solid states device with no moving parts.
The MSU processes aircraft roll, pitch rates and magnitude and transmits field vector
information to the ADAHRS module via an RS422 differential signal serial communication link.
All lines are protected from lightning damage.
Page 28
D. Magnometer (MAG-3000)
The MAG-3000 is a self-contained three-axis magnetometer that provides a three components

measurement of the earth's magnetic field.
Information is sent via a RS-422 serial bus to a reference system that computes the magnetic
heading of the aircraft. It is displayed on the Electronic Standby Instrument (ESI).
The MAG-3000 is located into the left wing on the bottom.
E. Integrated display unit (IDU-680)
Figure 2. 12
Figure 14Integrated display
Integrated unit
display unit
Each Integrated Display Unit has a sunlight readable LCD display and has the main functionality
of Primary Flight Information (PFI), Flight Management System (FMS) based on GPS / SBAS
data, audio system control, COM/NAV radio control and display, Engine Indicating and Crew
Alerting System (EICAS), Terrain Awareness Warning System (TAWS), and other optional data.
Each IDU runs the same software application, so all of the IDU functions are dual redundant.
The back of each IDU on the pilot‟s side contains:
 an Integrated ADAHRS module
 an Integrated GPS module
Page 29
The back of each IDU on the co-pilot‟s side does not include these modules.
Each IDU on the co-pilot‟s side shares the functions of the Modules that are fitted to the IDU on
the pilot‟s side.
The screen displays include three-dimensional, enhanced situational awareness:
 Primary Flight Information
 Multi-Function displays can be configured to show a moving map, an HSI, terrain, or

engine displays.
The primary IDU displays the Primary Flight Information (PFI). The PFI is always shown in the
top portion of the primary IDU.
The PFI contains:
 Air data information from the ADAHRS.
 Attitude and heading information from the ADAHRS.
 GPS information from the GPS module (when synthetic vision is ON).
USB cover. The USB cover is located on each IDU-680 display on the lower middle part. On the
PFD the cover includes the slip-indicator. On the MFD it is a blank cover. It is used to update the
database and the software.
The USB has to have 2 GB of memory space. The USB memory device should be inserted into
the IDU before power is applied
F. Electronic Standby Instrument (ESI-2000)
The Electronic Standby Instrument is a panel mounted, self-contained solid states instruments
that provides emergency aircraft attitude, altitude and speed information.
The ESI-2000 has the following display information:
 Visual display of attitude (pitch & roll)
 Slip Indicator
Page 30
 Barometric corrected altitude
 Indicated Airspeed
 Heading, Magnetic (optional)
 Battery Indications
2.5 Air Traffic control

2.5.1Cabling
Cables are used to connect one network device to other network devices or to connect two or more
computers to share printer, scanner etc. Different types of network cables like Coaxial cable, Optical
fiber cable, Twisted Pair cables are used depending on the network's topology, protocol and size.
The devices can be separated by a few meters (e.g. via Ethernet) or nearly unlimited distances (e.g.
via the interconnections of the Internet).There are several types of cable which are commonly used
with LANs. In some cases, a network will utilize only one type of cable, other networks will use a
variety of cable types. The type of cable chosen for a network is related to the network's topology,
protocol, and size. Understanding the characteristics of different types of cable and how they relate
to other aspects of a network is necessary for the development of a successful network.
Fiber optic cables carry communication signals using pulses of light generated by small lasers or
light-emitting diodes (LEDs).The two primary types of fiber cables are called single
mode and multi-mode fiber. Those are:-
 Single mode: Single mode fiber uses very thin glass strands and a laser to generate light while
multi-mode fibers use LEDs. And also long distance communication.
 Multi-mode fiber: Multimode fiber optic cable has a large diametric core that allows multiple
modes of light to propagate. In addition Short distance communication.
Twisted pair cabling: is a form of wiring in which pairs of wires (the forward and return
conductors of a single circuit) are twisted together for the purposes of cancelling out
electromagnetic interference (EMI) from other wire pairs and from external sources. This type of
Page 31
cable is used for home and corporate Ethernet networks. Depending on devices they connect to
share data by twisted pair cable, cabling of twisted pair cabling is divided into two major parts:
 Straight through
 Crossover
 Rollover cables
Straight through cable: is a type of twisted pair copper wire cable for LAN use for which the RJ-
45 connectors at each end have the same pin out. The wires on the cable are crossed over so that
they receive signal pins on the connector on one end are connected to the transmit signal pins on
the connector on the other end. Straight-through cable is used to connect computers and other end-
user devices.
Straight through cable: used to connect two different devices

 Router to a hub
 Computer to a switch
 LAN port to a switch, hub, or computer
Figure 15 cable color arrangements

Source goggle
Crossover cable: Is a type of twisted pair copper wire cable for LAN use for which the second
and third pairs on one end of the cable will be reversed on the other end. Cross over cabling is
Page 32
used as a backbone cable to connect two or more switches in LAN, or connect two isolated hosts
to create a mini-LAN. Crossover cable is used to connect two like devices without the use of an
uplink port.
Note: Each cable type has a distinct use, and should not be used in place of another. Example by
connect in cross over cable.
 Computer to a computer
 Router to a router
 Switch to a switch
 Hub to a hub
Figure 16crossover color of cable arrangement

Source of figure Wikipedia
Rollover cable: used to connect a device to a router or switch‟s console port.
Connectors
 The most common UTP connector is RJ45 (RJ stands for registered jack)
Figure 17RJ connector
Network cabling
what is network cabling? Cable is the medium through which information usually moves from one
network device to another. There are several types of cable which are commonly used with LANs.
In some cases, a network will utilize only one type of cable, other networks will
Page 33
use a variety of cable types. The type of cable chosen for a network is related to the network's
topology, protocol, and size.
Materials required during listed below tasks are: - RJ-45 connector, cable, crimpers, wire stripper,
cable tester.
Building UTP cables in this experiment, I will construct UTP straight-through cable for use in
LANs and crossover network cable to connect two PCs together to transmit and receive data over a
small peer-to-peer network.
Crimping Making different UTP cables for connecting the same or different devices with each
other using tools like crimper. We develop cross over (for the same devices) and strait through (for
different devices) with different standards
Procedures
Strip/splicing: - Is the process of taking a solid color cable and applying a straight line or
cylindrical strip on the cable for identification.
Figure 18 splice cable end

Untwist wire ends: - is the process of sorting the wires inside the insulation in pairs
Figure 19 Untwist wire end
Arrange wires: - Is the arranging of the eight colors of the Ethernet cables according to the desired
cabling type; straight through and crossover cabling and align to the RJ-45 slots.
Page 34
Figure 20arranging wire
Trim wires in size: - is the process of trimming the wires evenly by leaving about ½ of wires
exposed.
Figure 21Trim wire
Attach connector: - Maintain wire order, left-to-right, with RJ45 tab facing downward
Figure 22 attaching a connector

Check: - is the process of checking if all the wire ends are extend to an end of the cable and if the
shield is well fit inside the RJ-45.
Figure 23checker
Crimp: - Is connecting the color coded cables aligned to RJ-45 slots by squeezing firmly using an
instrument called crimper.
Page 35
Figure 24 crimper
Testing: - Is the last procedure in the preparation of cable, in which we check the eight pin of
wires are properly punched and give eight lights on testing machine as per the desired type.
Figure 25 testing
Page 36
CHAPTER 3
OVERALL BENEFITS GAINED FROM INTERNSHIP AND CHALENGES
3.1BENFITS OF THE INTERNSHIP
As a student who studied theory for four years, real-world experience cleared up any confusion
about how things work, and we worked on the Ethiopian Air Force's third base with professional
specialists with extensive knowledge
Somewhat, the internship has helped us in so many ways. It is somehow got rid of the
Confusions It is also helped to see how the real world, in terms of communication Engineering,
works and how to be able to deal with it. Generally speaking, we are so grateful for the times
spent in the internship, as they were lives changing experiences. To say the least we have
acquired the following benefits.
3.1 PRACTICAL SKILL
One of the advantages of the internship experience is the practical skills gained in the real world,
which help us apply our theoretical knowledge to practical work. During the internship period,
we focused on aircrafts, how they work, what they do as citizens, and as communication
students, what kind of antennas are used, what kind of communication systems are used, and the
overall system working process. Furthermore, as an electrical and computer engineering student,
we observe various electrical components and how they function on both digital and analog
computers
3.2 UNDERSTANDING WORK ETHICS
Work ethics is a set of values based on hard work and diligence. Working as an internship in
ETAF, it helped us gain work ethics in terms of being reliable, having initiatives, and pursuing
new skills. We developed our work ethics through the values of attitude, behavior, respect,
communication, interaction and how one gets along with others.
Page 37
Understanding, honesty, integrity, and accountability, he or she on the way practices the core
principles of work ethics. It was out of question that valued these core principles on work. There
is a good condition in the work, which makes us feel obligated to practice whatever is expected
from an employee for our case an intern student
3.3 LEADERSHIP SKILLS
Being a leader is not an easy task. We do not actually choose someone among us to be a leader
using regular election procedures. The question of leadership comes when there is division of
work. When one task is given to one of us, he or she has the responsibility of accomplishing that
particular task. A group works best when everybody is headed in the same direction. Evaluating
this helps Measure the performance of a group in getting the job done and working together. It
suggests ways in which the group can improve its performance. Representing the group regular
meetings are very important to update their works and assess each other. That way both the
leader and the rest of the group will move in parallel.
 Have good communication ability
 Being passionate serve as a role model
 Motivate others to greatness
 Listening the ideas and problems of employers
 Learning from mistakes and weaknesses
 Ready to educate and improve oneself
3.4 IN TERMS OF IMPROVING INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION SKILL
Interpersonal skills range from very self-expression to putting up with coworkers. Interpersonal
skills (communication) are crucial in connecting and bringing us together during the internship
period. According to fellow Air Force officers, technical and specialists, communication and
Page 38
Open conversation are the most important factors that have allowed them to stand (build) this
great base. As stated above, regardless of the secret security things kept, we get what we ask for
from people with different cultures, knowledge bases, background levels, economic status, and
experience. Their life experience alone gives us strength and belief that nothing is impossible. In
general, our interpersonal skills were improved and shaped, and we learned carrier-based
communications. We were always seen as a part of the base, and the base administration, as well
as regular workers, always tried to help us
3.5 KNOWLEDGE GAINED
Aside from learning in the classroom and memorizing many systems, processes, and theories,
outdoor learning effectively adds new value and vision on what is what sensing or seeing how
things we know work can generate ideas over time. Along with the practical, we have different
special classes for the theoretical part in order to make things clear for us. Attending these
classes gives us the confidence to speak loud and clear.
About the internship periods experience and the life time lesson were such theoretical classes
were on
 How MIG-35 and GROB120TP different parts work
 How the power supply works with power specialists (Avionics)
 How the radio part work(radio specialist)
 How the antenna works (radio specialist)
 How the navigation works (radio specialist)
 How the radar works (radio specialist)
 Ground to ground communication
In general our theoretical knowledge in many field especially in communication system were
phenomenal and affectively given by the host company.
Page 39
3.6 IN TERMS OF IMPROVING OUR TEAM PLAYING SKILL
Military bases are well-known for their teamwork. "Not a single work is done alone," says the
main quote. As a department, there are mechanical, electrical, radio, and avionics technicians
who work together as a team. There is a book law that governs all of the work, and demarks are
written on each department's work. The demarks are discussed as a team, and how each
department can solve it. During our internship period, it was difficult for us to copy with their
team working place because they were well trained and like a bee, and if there was an error, they
were responsible as a team. We develop a good connection over time, and their teamwork gets
along with us. This collaborative effort is beneficial:-
 To be more productive
 To develop good environment
 To share knowledge from different experienced person
 To form professional skill
 To cooperate
 To have supportive and respectful environment
 To have a multi knowledge (versatile) professionals
 To divide burden
 To demonstrate reliability
 To develop on active employee environment
 Better place for commenting the wrong ones
 To increase confidence
Page 40
This teamwork increased our confidence, and presenting our concerns and questions in front of
different people were simple and pleasant. Not only on the work but during out of work in the
service transport. Respecting each other, aside from their small talk, allows us to participate and
recognize our worth. Because "we" is more powerful than "I".
3.7 IMPROVING ENTREPRENEURSHIP SKILL
Entrepreneur skill is the state of being an entrepreneur, that is, one who innovates his or her own
business in order to benefit him or her or other citizens of the country. Our internship experience
allowed us to observe many fields that, if worked in with persistence and enthusiasm, could
change our lives.
The following are some of the main qualities of good entrepreneur we gained during our
internship program in the air base:
 Be a creative thinker: firing off many ideas, curious and being quick learner
 Be confident: self-awareness, active and action oriented
 Determination: persistent, eager to act, confront obstacles
 Independent: faith in self, multi-tasking, responsible, multiple competencies
 Knowledge seeker: drive for depth information
 Risk taker: optimistic, rational decisions and confident
 Open Minded: get advice from others and learn from others failure
3.8 BENEFITS ON FINDING A JOB
Internship time allows us to learn about the working environment, so the host company has
dedicated their time, money, and knowledge to us. As a result, we are a candidate for the host
company if human resources are required. If not, it is a significant accomplishment to fill our CV
with experience gained, which makes our work easier to obtain a job with a different company
Page 41
Because Ethiopian Air Force 3rd Base did this amazing work in the past and continues to do so
now. This makes the internship experience worthwhile.
3.9 CHALLENGES DURING THE INTERNSHIP TIME

Beside the good things from the internship, we have faced some challenges .Some of the challenges are the
following
 Shortage of transportation
 Fear of military
 Because of northern Ethiopian wars security were tight
 No electric device were allowed
 We were forced to get up and ready at 12:00 for service
 Difficulty of analyzing instrument because they are very expensive
3.10 MEASUREMENTS TO OVERCOME THE CHALLENGES

We attempted to resolve the aforementioned challenges amicably, but it wasn't our way. when we
finally understood it. When we initially started, we had a tough time communicating with them, but as
time has gone on, we have been able to do so without much difficulty. We now talk to the administrators
about our issues, and the majority of them have responded.
 Wake up early and get the transport.
 Asking other staff member worker related questions
 Reading documents further because it was coasty and risky to study on sensitive instruments
 Asking document to our report
Page 42
CHAPTER 4
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
4.1 CONCULISION
The internship program is designed to introduce students to the real-world experience that
awaits them after graduation. Allowing to find host companies that have the same filed to
working inside and observing how the work flows and the job is done to how the experience
affects the internship program is a great way to face challenges, gain new knowledge skills, and
meet new professionals and officials. To summarize, the internship period we spent at the
Ethiopian Air Force third base was critical for us in gaining a wealth of knowledge and
experiencing what it is like to be an Ethiopian.
The Ethiopian Air Force's third base is divided into five functional departments: operation,
administration, finance and logistics, fighter helicopter wing, and GROB120TP-A. The major
activities of the Air Force primary flight training wing are:-GROB120TP-A and MI-35 fighter
helicopter pilot training, communication, navigation, and radio maintenance shop. So, during this
internship, we will learn about the communication system, how antennas, transmitters, and
receivers work, as well as the overall components of the GROB120TP-A and MI-35 helicopter
and their functions.
Recommendation
We encountered and observed some recommendations from the host company during our
internship period, and these are the lists:-
 Ethiopian Air Force 3rd base should apply proper utilization of resource because there is
many resources are leftout.
 There are many machines that must be maintained instead of getting the new one.
 There is a power problem (ground power) that should be fixed.
Page 43
 The majority of ground communication instruments is old and should be replaced with
modern ones (new).
 The majority of new applications are installed and tested by foreigners, which costs a lot
of money. Instead, they should train local professionals.
 The host company should be open to ambitious students for training and for exhibitions
which makes different level students more interested and one step near to their dream.
 There are many educated experts, in addition to their jobs, should prepare a platformfor
briefing and knowledge transfer projects.
 Finally, as electrical engineering students, we believe that the Ethiopian Air Force,
particularly the 3rd base, is the best place to learn about electrical systems in general and
communication systems in particular.
Page 44
REFERENCES
[1] HAROLD MARCUS, HAILE SELLASSIE I: THE FORMATIVE YEARS (LAWRENCEVILLE: RED
SEA PRESS, 1996), P. 50
[2] "LOCAL HISTORY IN ETHIOPIA" ARCHIVED FEBRUARY 27, 2008, AT THE WAYBACK
MACHINE THE NORDIC AFRICA INSTITUTE WEBSITE (ACCESSED 13 JANUARY 2008)
[3] HTTPS://WWW.AIRFORCE-TECHNOLOGY.COM/PROJECTS/MI-35M-HIND-E/
Page 45
PART II
PROJECT
WORK
Air Force Network Design Project on Packet Tracer
Page 46
ABSTRACT
The Air Force Network Design Project on Packet Tracer aims to design a network infrastructure for
three buildings within the Air Force facility. The network infrastructure will consist of multiple
interconnected devices, including routers, switches, and servers, to facilitate the communication and
transfer of data between the buildings. The project's objective is to provide a reliable, secure, and
high-speed network that meets the Air Force's operational needs. Overall, the Air Force Network
Design Project on Packet Tracer successfully delivered a reliable and secure network infrastructure
that met the Air Force's operational needs for communication and data transfer between the three
buildings.
Keywords: Router, switch, server, packet tracer
Page 47
CHAPTER ONE
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
The word “digital” is very significant in today‟s world, with an increase in the development of
technology the entire world is moving towards the digital era. The project will use Visco Packet
Tracer, a simulation tool that allows network designers to create, configure, and troubleshoot
networks in a virtual environment. The goal of the project is to create a network infrastructure that
can support the Air Force's operations, including secure communication, data transfer, and resource
sharing. The buildings in the Air Force Base are located in close proximity, and the network
infrastructure will connect them seamlessly. The network design will take into consideration the Air
Force's need for secure and reliable communication, data transfer, and resource sharing. The
network will consist of routers, switches, access points, and servers, all of which will be configured
to provide optimal performance and security.[1]
The implementation of the project will involve configuring the network devices, setting up VLANs,
implementing security protocols, and testing the network for performance and reliability. The
project will also include the creation of network documentation, including diagrams, network
topology maps, IP addressing schemes, and configuration files. Overall, the Air Force Network
Design is aimed at creating a reliable, secure, and efficient network infrastructure that can support
the Air Force's operations. The project will leverage the latest technologies and best practices in
network design to create a network that meets the Air Force's needs and requirements.[2]
1.2 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

In this project, we defined a simulation of air force networks based on wireless networking. The
network is divided into two sets: one for the bomber logistic area and the other for the bomb
maintenance area. The major aim of this project is to show the wireless connectivity that is used in
Air force to make the network efficient and mobile at the same time. Mobility is the major
concentration of this project. In order to provide equal functionality to all the users ( staff and
mangers), we have added DNS, Email, and HTTP servers for the maximum utilization of resources.
Page 48
Hence the campus network provides different services such as connecting the user to the internet,
data sharing among users (mangers,staff and different members), accessing different web services for
different functionalities, so it needs wireless networking for smooth processing
1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
We saw some problems and execution on the internship site. The Ethiopian Air Force's third base
network design has limited Wi-Fi access, difficult labeling, is expensive, and has a low speed. As a
result, it is difficult for both employees and the company. We should solve the above problem by
increasing the availability of Wi-Fi in its office, ensuring high speed, and minimizing costs. In
general, our project would have been completed by increasing Wi-Fi access and data transfer
accuracy and reliability.
In our work, we solve the above problem by creating an Air force network design in packet tracer
with Microsoft Visio drawings to completely avoid this type of problem.
1.4 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
1.4.1 GENERAL OBJECTIVE
The objective of this project is to design and implementation network for Air force using Visio.
1.4.2 Specific objectives
This paper is specifically to achieve the following specific objectives:
 Design a network topology that meets the communication and collaboration requirements of
the Air Force personnel.
 Design network For the increasing number of user
 Improve the network's fault tolerance, security, and high speed connection.
 To design a LAN network in terms of topology, type of cabling and related coast.
 To develop more secured network in terms of level of security needed.
 To provide a scalable network topology that can accommodate future growth and changes.
Page 49
1.5 METHODOLOGY
Problem Identification
Literature Review
System design and

parameter definition
Simulation using cisco

packet tracer
Result, interpretation and

documentation
Figure 26 methodology
Step1 .Identification of problem related the internship work place

Step 2.Different literature will be revised relating to this project
Step 3.designing of Designing the Network Topology system and definition some parameter
Step 4.Simulating the design using Cisco
Step 5.Final steps for whole procedure and prepare documentation for the project
Page 50
1.6 PROJECT SCOPE
While gathering requirements, the designer identifies the issues that affect the entire network and
those that affect only specific portions. The designer can isolate areas of concern and identify the
scope of the project. Failure to understand the impact of a particular requirement often causes a
project scope to expand beyond the original estimate. This oversight can greatly increase the cost
and time required to implement the new design.
Where wireless access to the network is required. Only authorized personal should have access to
the wireless network. A high speed cable internet connection is available in the main which need to
be shared among the user. The necessary equipment‟s and appropriate topology required for campus
network design along with the IP address management secure wireless access, and internet be used
for setting up of the campus infrastructure.
.
1.7 Limitation of the Project
 Lack of Real-World Testing: While Cisco Packet Tracer provides an excellent simulation
environment, it cannot replicate real-world scenarios completely. Therefore, it is possible that issues
may arise in a live network environment that were not present in the simulation.
 Limited Scalability: Cisco Packet Tracer is best suited for small to medium-sized networks. Large-
scale network designs may not be possible due to the limitations of the simulation environment.
 Limited Third-Party Integration: Cisco Packet Tracer is designed specifically for use with Cisco
networking devices. It may not be compatible with devices from other manufacturers, limiting the
range of devices that can be used in the network design.
 Learning Curve: Cisco Packet Tracer can be complex and requires a certain level of expertise to use
effectively. Novice users may find it challenging to use the tool effectively without training and
experience.
Page 51
1.8 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
Firstly, the project addresses the communication and information needs of the Air Force. The Air
Force relies heavily on advanced communication and information systems to perform its operations,
and a reliable and secure network infrastructure is vital for the Air Force to carry out its missions
successfully.
Secondly, the project demonstrates the effectiveness of using Packet Tracer, a network simulation
tool, to design networks. Packet Tracer allows users to design and simulate networks, making it an
ideal tool for testing and verifying network designs.
Finally, the project can serve as a model for other organizations that require reliable and secure
communication and information systems. The hierarchical network design and the use of Packet
Tracer can be adapted to meet the unique needs of other organizations, making the project a
Valuable contribution to the field of network design
Page 52
CHAPTER 2
1. LITERATURE REVIEW
The design and implementation of a network for a large organization like the Air Force requires a
thorough understanding of network design principles and best practices. The following literature
review provides an overview of relevant studies and research on network design and
implementation.
Network Design Principles The design of a network must consider various factors, including
network topology, IP addressing, routing protocols, security, and network services. a network's
design must be based on the organization's communication needs, the type of applications used, and
the organization's size and structure. The authors also emphasized the importance of selecting the
appropriate network topology, IP addressing scheme, and routing protocols to ensure efficient
network performance.[1]
Routing Protocols
Routing protocols play a critical role in network design and implementation. the selection of the
appropriate routing protocol is dependent on the network size and complexity, as well as the
organization's communication needs. The authors highlighted the importance of considering factors
such as convergence time, scalability, and network stability when selecting a routing protocol.[2]
Security Measures In today's digital age, network security is of utmost importance. network security
measures must be implemented to protect the network from unauthorized access and to ensure the
confidentiality and integrity of sensitive information. The author emphasized the importance of
implementing firewalls, access control lists (ACLs), and virtual private networks (VPNs) to protect
the network from external threats.[3]
Network simulation software, such as Packet Tracer, has become an essential tool in network design
and implementation. network simulation software allows designers to create, configure, and test
network designs in a virtual environment without affecting the existing network infrastructure. The
authors highlighted the importance of using network simulation software in network design and
implementation to reduce costs and increase efficiency.[4]
Page 53
c
CHAPTER 3
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS
3.1 Software Requirement
 Packet Tracer Software: The project requires the use of Cisco Packet Tracer, a network
simulation software, to create a virtual network environment that simulates the real-world
network environment.
 Operating System: The computer used for the project must have a compatible operating
system, such as Windows, MacOS, or Linux, to run Packet Tracer.
 Network Services: The project requires the use of network services, such as DNS, DHCP, and
NTP, to ensure efficient network performance.
 Web Browser: You will need a web browser such as Chrome, Firefox, or Edge to access and
download Packet Tracer.
 Anti-Virus Software: It's important to ensure that your computer has up-to-date anti-virus
software to prevent any potential security threats.
 Firewall Software: You may also need to install a firewall software to protect your computer
and network from unauthorized access and threats.
Packet trace
Packet trace, also known as network packet capture or network sniffing, is a process of capturing
and analyzing the network packets that are transmitted over a computer network. This is typically
done using specialized software or hardware tools, such as Wireshark or tcpdump.When packets are
transmitted over a network, they contain information such as the source and destination IP
addresses, the protocol being used (e.g. TCP, UDP), and the actual data being transmitted. By
capturing and analyzing these packets, network administrators can gain valuable insights into how
Page 54
c
their network is operating, troubleshoot problems, and identify potential security threats. Packet
trace can be used to perform a wide range of tasks, including
Network troubleshooting: When network issues arise, packet trace can be used to identify where
packets are being dropped or delayed, which can help diagnose the root cause of the problem.
Network performance analysis: Packet trace can be used to measure the performance of a
network, such as the latency or throughput of data transmissions.
Security analysis: Packet trace can be used to identify potential security threats, such as malicious
traffic or unauthorized access attempts.
Protocol analysis: Packet trace can be used to analyze the protocols being used on a network,
which can help identify problems or inefficiencies.
Packet trace is a powerful tool that can provide network administrators with a wealth of information
about their network. However, it is important to use packet trace ethically and with respect for
privacy laws and regulations. In some cases, capturing and analyzing network traffic may be illegal
or unethical without proper authorization.
3.2 System Element
 Router A router is a device like a switch that routes data packets based on their IP addresses. The
router is mainly a Network Layer device. Routers normally connect LANs and WANs together
and have a dynamically updating routing table based on which they make decisions on routing the
data packets. Router divides broadcast domains of hosts connected through it. [6]
 Switch A network switch (also called switching hub, bridging hub, officially MAC bridge is
networking hardware that connects devices on a computer network by using packet switching to
receive and forward data to the destination device. A network switch is a multiport network
bridge that uses MAC addresses to forward data at the data link layer (layer 2) of the OSI model.
Some switches can also forward data at the network layer (layer 3) by additionally incorporating
routing functionality. Such switches are commonly known as layer-3 switches or multilayer
Page 55
c
switches.[7]
 Network Packet A network packet is a formatted unit of data carried by a packet-switched
network. A packet consists of control information and user data, which is also known as the
payload. [8]
 Wireless Network A wireless network broadcasts an access signal to the workstations or PCs.
This enables mobility among laptops, tablets, and PCs from room to room while maintaining a
firm network connection continuously. A wireless network also presents additional security
requirements.[9]
 Server A server is a computer or system that provides resources, data, services, or programs to
other computers, known as clients, over a network. In theory, whenever computers share
resources with client machines they are considered servers. There are many types of servers,
including web servers, mail servers, and virtual servers. [10]
Many networks contain one or more of the common servers. The servers used in our project are as
follows:
 DNS Server DNS stands for Domain Name System servers which are application servers
that provide a human-friendly naming method to the user computers in order to make IP
addresses readable by users. The DNS system is a widely distributed database of names
and other DNS servers, each of which can be used to request an otherwise unknown
computer name. When a user needs the address of a system, it sends a DNS request with
the name of the desired resource to a DNS server. The DNS server responds with the
necessary IP address from its table of names.[11]
 WEB Server One of the widely used servers in today‟s market is a web server. A web
server is a special kind of application server that hosts programs and data requested by
users across the Internet or an intranet. Web servers respond to requests from browsers
running on client computers for web pages, or other web-based services.[12]
 EMAIL Server An e-mail server is a server that handles and delivers e-mail over a
network, using standard email protocols. For example, the SMTP protocol sends messages
Page 56
c
and handles outgoing mail requests. The POP3 protocol receives messages and is used to
process incoming mail. When you log on to a mail server using a webmail interface or
email client, these protocols handle all the connections behind the scenes.
 Ethernet
This is the backbone of our network. It consists of the cabling and is typically able to Transfer data
at a rate of 100mb/s. It is a system for connecting a number of computer systems to form a local
area network, with protocols to control the passing of information and to avoid simultaneous
transmission by two or more systems. Among the different types of Ethernet, we have used Gigabit
Ethernet, which is a type of Ethernet network capable of transferring data at a rate of 1000 Mbps
and fast Ethernet is a type of Ethernet network that can transfer data at a rate of 100 Mbps.[13]
 Computing Device
Computing devices are the electronic devices that take user inputs, process the inputs, and then
provide us with the end results. These devices may be Smartphones, PC Desktops, Laptops, printer,
and many more.
 Internet Protocol
Internet Protocol (IP) is one of the fundamental protocols that allow the internet to work. IP addresses
are a unique set of numbers on each network and they allow machines to address each other across a
network. It is implemented on the internet layer in the IP/TCP model.11
 SSH Protocol
Secure Shell enables a user to access a remote device and manage it remotely. However, with SSH,
all data transmitted over a network (including usernames and passwords) is encrypted and secure
from eavesdropping. SSH is a client-server protocol, with an SSH client and an SSH server. The
client machine (such as a PC) establishes a connection to an SSH server running on a remote device
(such as a router). Once the connection has been established, a network admin can execute commands
on the remote device.
Page 57
c
 Simulation Environment
The simulations of our network topology can be easily achieved using cisco packet tracer. Using a
simulation mode, you can see packets flowing from one node to another and can also click on a
packet to see detailed information about the OSI layers of the networking. Packet Tracer offers a huge
platform to combine realistic simulation and visualize them simultaneously. Cisco Packet Tracer
makes learning and teaching significantly easier by supporting multi-user collaboration and by
providing a realistic simulation environment for experimenting with projects.[14]
3.3 Network Requirements
Air force is considered for this wireless network. The network is divided into 2 areas:
1. bomber and logistics Area This area is further divided into various accessing points like
logistics , aviation, supply shade,mechanical Blocks (AB1 and AB2), Server Center, and .
2. Grob Area The area is further divided into Electrical blocks and flight manager blocks
respectively
Devices Used In The Network

Table 1device used
No table of figures entries Quantity

found.
1) Router (1941 3
2) Switches (2960-24TT) 3
3) Email server 1
4) DNS server 1
5) WEB server (HTTP) 1
6) Wireless device 7
7)Pcs 12
8) Laptops 10
9)smartphone 2
Page 58
c
3.4 Implementation and Flow Diagram
 To design the wireless network of the Air force we initially started by placing the core devices into the
frame as mentioned in the layout.
 Firstly, we placed the main router at the center of the Air force outline, which was further connected to
the server switch using the gigabit ethernet port with copper straight-through cable and sub routers
(campus router and hostel router) using the serial port with serial DCE cable at the hostel area and
campus area respectively.
 The server switch was further connected to the EMAIL, DNS, and WEB servers respectively.
 Bomber sand logistics router was connected to the bomber and logistics switch which was further
connected with wireless access points of the different department
 . The wireless access points were then connected to computing devices (PCs, laptops, and smartphones).
 Similarly, the hostel router was connected to the grob switch which was further connected with the
wireless access point of flight manager block and electrical system block.
 The wireless access points were then connected to the computing devices (PCs, laptops, and
smartphones), every area has a dedicated access point which can only be connected with the help of a
password.
 All these connections are made through ethernet ports (gigabit ethernet and fast ethernet) using copper
straight-through cables
Page 59
c
Start
Place the core device into the
Place the main router and connect it to the server

switch using gigabyte ethernet port with copper
straight through cable
Connect the main router to the sub router using serial

port with serial DCE cable at the GROB area and mi35
area respectively
Connect server switch to the Email, DNS and WEB

server and main router to main switch
Connect the wireless access point to

the computing device
Stop
Figure 27 flowchart of the project
Page 60
c
3.5 Configuring IP Addresses

We have attached the screenshots of all the IP configuration below:
 Air force Router configuration
 GigabitEthernet0/1
 Serial0/1/0
 Serial0/1/1
Page 61
c
 RIP
 DNS SERVER
Page 62
c
 WEB SERVER
 EMAIL SERVER
Page 63
c
 Maintenance ROUTER
 GigabitEthernet0/0
 Serial0/1/0
Page 64
c
 Supply shade
IP Address are as follows

192.168.1.14- Laptop
192.168.1.15- PC
192.168.1.16- Laptop
192.168.1.17- PC
Subnet Mask- 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway- 192.168.1.1
DNS Server- 192.168.2.3
 Mechanical
IP Address are as follows

192.168.1.10- Laptop
192.168.1.11- PC
192.168.1.12- Laptop
192.168.1.13- PC
Subnet Mask- 255.255.255.0
DNS Server- 192.168.2.3
Page 65
c
 Bomber and logistics
IP Addresses are as follows

192.168.1.2- PC
192.168.1.3- PC
192.168.1.4- Laptop
Subnet Mask- 255.255.255.0
DNS Server- 192.168.2.3
 Aviation

192.168.1.5- PC
192.168.1.6- PC
Subnet Mask- 255.255.255.0
DNS Server- 192.168.2.3
Page 66
c
 Logistics

192.168.1.7- Laptop
192.168.1.8- PC
192.168.1.9- PC
Subnet Mask- 255.255.255.0
DNS Server- 192.168.2.3
 GROB ROUTER
 GigabitEthernet0/0
 Serial0/1/0
Page 67
c
 Electrical system

192.168.3.6- PC
192.168.3.7-Laptop
192.168.3.8- PC
192.168.3.9- Smartphone
Subnet Mask- 255.255.255.0
DNS Server- 192.168.2.3
 Flight manger

192.168.3.2- PC
192.168.3.3-Laptop
192.168.3.4- PC
192.168.3.5- Smartphone
Subnet Mask- 255.255.255.0
DNS Server- 192.168.2.3
Page 68
c
 WIRELESS ACCESS POINT
SSID Password
1) muj_ground 1234567890
2) muj_aviation 1234567890
3)muj_logistics 1234567890
4) muj_supply 1234567890
5)muj mech 1234567890
6)muj Elec 1234567890
7) muj flight 1234567890
Table 2wireless access point
 Securing the network
Router Name Passwords
1)Air force router Console password: cisco ssh

password :admin
2) Router1(Maintenance) Console password:muj@123
ssh password: admin
3) Router2(GROB) Console password:muj@123
ssh password: admin
Table 3securing network
Page 69
c
CHAPTER 4
4. RESULT AND DISCUSION
4.1 RESULT
Finally, we have combined all the steps as mentioned in chapter 3 (work done) thedesired wireless
network for air force
Figure 28the complete diagram of the air force eastern base network scenario created in packet tracer
environments
Page 70
c
4.2 Final Simulation

In Simulation Mode, you can watch your network run at a slower pace, observing the paths that packets
take and inspecting them in detail. The proposed architecture, when simulated on Cisco Packet Tracer,
produced results which are demonstrated as follows:
Figure 29final simulation
Ping Test: Network connectivity and communication can be tested using the ping command, followed by the
domain name or the IP address of the device (equipment) whose connectivity one wishes to verify
Page 71
c
Ping Test: Network connectivity and communication can be tested using the ping command,
followed by the domain name or the IP address of the device (equipment) whose connectivity
one wishes to verify
Page 72
c
CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Conclusion
We started our discussion with the word “digitalization” and in order to achieve it, which is
wireless. As we mentioned, mobility and efficiency are the key aspects of wireless networks, which
were our main goal, and hence, we decided to shift to a wireless network instead of a wired one,
making our network clean and less chaotic. In this project, we designed a Air force Network using
Cisco Packet Tracer that uses a networking topology implemented using servers, routers, switches,
and end devices in a multiple area networks. We have covered all the necessary features that are
required for a network to function properly. We have included a DNS server and a web server for
establishing a smooth communication system between different areas of our network and
specifically for the communication between students and teachers. We have included an email
server to facilitate intra university communication through emails within the domain. We have used
console passwords and ssh protocol to ensure a safe and secure transfer of data.
5.2 Recommendation
The configuration and specifications are for the initial prototype and can further be developed and
additional functionality can be added to increase support and coverage of our existing network
Page 73
c
REFERENCES
[1] Prasad and Malik (2019)
[2] Jemili, Baccar, and Ouni (2018),
[3] Marques (2019),
[4] Kolluru and Kothari (2020),
[5] https://www.netacad.com/courses/packet-tracer
[6] https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/network-layer/what-is-a-
router/#:~:text=A%20router%20is%20a%20device,use%20the%20same%20Internet%20connection.
[7] https://finolex.com/how-does-a-switch-work-in-a-
circuit/#:~:text=An%20electric%20switch%20is%20a,source%20of%20power%20and%20load.
[8] http://www.hu.edu.et/ict-support/network-infrastructure/
[9] [2] http://www.cisco.com
[10] www.google.com/utp cable/
[11] www.google.com/fiber optic/
[12] Todd Lammle, “CCNA Routing and Switching Complete Study Guide Book”
Page 74

Final Internship Report

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Final Internship Report

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

DIRE DAWA UNIVERSITY

DIRE DAWA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING

INDUSTRY INTERNSHIP REPORT

INTERNISHIP HOST COMPANY Ethiopian Air force

(Dire Dawa Eastern Base)

1. Rediet Deneke ......................................... DDU1104412

2. Yohannes Temesgen .................................DDU1104290

3. Nebiat Shebru ......................................... DDU11004361

4. Yeabsira Adane ....................................... DDU1104673

5. Ameha Betemariam .................................. DDU1104364

Advisor: Mr. Mubarek A.

Dire Dawa, Ethiopia, February 2023

Place: Dire Dawa

AMU-50 Remote Mounted

ARK-Y15 Automatic Radio Compass

ARK-Y2 Automatic Direction Finder

EFIS Electronic Flight Instrument System

IFF Identify Friend or Foe

KHZ Kilo Hertz

MHZ Mega Hertz

OAT outside Air Temperature

RI-65 Voice Information Reporting System

RM01 Remote Memory Unit

RV-5M Radio Altimeter

SPO-10 & 15 Warning Radar

SPU-8 Inter Communication

UHF Ultra-high frequency

VHF Very high frequency

ADAHRS Air Data Heading Reference System

GPS Global Positioning System

IDU Integrated Display Units

LCD Light Emitting Diode

MFDs Multi-Function Display

MSU Magnetic Sensor Unit

PFD Primary Flight Data

BER Bit Error Rate

DSP Digital Signal Processing

ISI Inter Symbol Interference

LOS Line of sight

CHAPTER 4 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION……………………………………………………….43

Figure 1Ethiopian air force bases .................................................................................................................................. 4

Table 1device used ...................................................................................................................................................... 58

BACKGROUND OF ETHIOPIAN AIR FORCE

1.2OBJECTIVE, VISION, MISSION AND VALUES OF ETAF

 protecting the national air space

 They point to what is universal and unchanging in the profession of arms

 They help us get fix on ethical climate of an organization

 They serve as beacons vectoring us back to the path of professional conduct

THE MAIN SERVICE OF ETAF

 ready to defend the Ethiopian people against foreign armies

 Ground power (Logistics duty)

 Grob Air Craft primary flight training wing

Organizational Structure of Ethiopian Air Force

 Dire Dawa Airport and

The Western Air Base parts are:

Figure 1Ethiopian air force bases

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE AND WORKFLOW

ETAF Eastern air base

Financial Bomber Logistics

Figure 2 organizational work flow

MI-35M is a multi-role combat helicopter manufactured by Rostvertol, a subsidiary of Russian