Process

Equipment and
Plant Design
Sections 1 to 8
 Questions
Fresh water carrying pipelines in chemical industries are
1 sea green brown yellow red
coloured with __________ color.
Which of the following material is seldom used for pressure
2 Rimmed steell Mild steel Killed steel Semi-killed steel
vessel construction ?
3 The ratio of shear stress to shear strain is called bulk modulus shear modulus modulus of rigidity modulus of elasticity
height is 75% of the I.D. of the height is 25% of the I.D. of the
4 25 per cent cut segmental baffle means that the baffle spacing is 75% of its height. width is 25% of its height.
shell. shell.
Liquid/petroleum fuel storage tanks are built underground (as in
5 case of petrol pumps), when the storage capacity is less than 20 30 45 85
__________ kilolitres.
6 (1) for fully open globe value may be around

10 25 75 300

provided usually for vessels of

the most suitable for thick vertical
7 Lug support is same as bracket support. much smaller height than skirt all (a), (b) and (c).
vessel.
supported vessels.

Bubble cap trays though most Murphree efficiency of all the three Maintenance cost for valve and Valve trays have the highest turn
Pick out the wrong statement pertaining to the use of valve tray, expensive are the best in situations, trays are nearly equal, however the seive trays are comparatively down ratio (i.e. the ratio of the
8 seive tray and bubble cap trays in continuous distillation where low vapour rates is to be peak efficiency is generally higher more than bubble cap tray due to highest to the lowest vapour flow
column. handled and a positive liquid seal is for seive and valve trays than the their relatively complicated rates) and thus provides the
essential at all flow rates. bubble cap. construction features. maximum flexible operating range.

remains same, only if the number of

9 With increase in the number of shell passes, the value of FT increases decreases remains same
tube passes does not change.

Holes of a sieve tray are arranged in triangular pitch of

10 1.5 to 2 2.5 to 5 5 to 10 10 to 15
__________ times the hole diameter.
In case of a shell and tube heat exchanger, the minimum shell
thickness for carbon steel (inclusive of corrosion allowance)
11 3-5 5-11 8-15 12-18
depends on shell diameter and is in the range of __________
mm.
The stress developed in a material without any permanent set is
12 ultimate stress yield stress elastic limit breaking stress
called the

In a shell and tube heat exchanger, the 'tube pitch' is defined as shortest distance between two adj shortest centre to centre distance
13 O.D. of the tube for square pitch. none of these.
the acent tube holes. between adjacent tubes.

Which of the following is not a valid assumption in continuous

Sensible heat changes for vapour & Molar latent heat of the two Heat of mixing of normal liquid is
14 binary distillation for calculating the number of equilibrium Reflux is not a saturated liquid.
liquid are negligibly small. components are equal. assumed to be zero.
stages by Mc-Cabe-Thiele's method ?

Overall distillation column efficiency for most of the refinery

columns can be given by (for μ = 0.07 - 1.4 cp and relative
15 volatility < 4) (where η = overall column efficiency, % μ = η = 17 - 61.1 log μ η = 1.66 - 0.25 log μ η = 0.25 log μ - 1.67
molal average viscosity of feed at average column temperature
and pressure, cp Δp = pressure drop per tray, psi)

velocity of process fluid containing

16 The value of fouling factor depends upon the characteristic of process fluid. suspended solids in the fluid. all (a), (b) and (c).
suspended solids.
In case of bubble cap distillation column of diameter greater
17 than 1.2 metres, the cap diameter is roughly about __________ 10 20 30 35
cms.

Tube side pressure drop in a 1-2 heat exchanger (for turbulent

flow of fluids through the tubes) is about __________ times,
18 2 1/2 4 8
that in a 1-1 heat exchanger having the same size & number of
tubes and operated at the same liquid flow rate.

To keep the power input constant for a stirred vessel operating

under fully developed turbulent flow conditions (constant
19 (1.2)^3/2 (1.2)^3/5 (1.2)^2/3 (1.2)^5/3
power number), if the impeller diameter is increased by 20%,
the impeller speed should be decreased by a factor of

In a heat exchanger, shell side fluid velocity can be changed by

20 layout pitch both (a) & (b) neither (a) nor (b)
changing the tube

Where does the maximum tensile strength occur in a thick At the mid thickness of the
21 At the inner surface. At the outer surface. None of these.
cylindrical vessel subjected to internal pressure ? cylindrical wall.

It is not desirable to design a heat exchanger for LMTD

22 0.99 0.95 0.80 0.55
correction factor, FT, of less than

23 A rivetted joint does not fail by __________ of rivets. tearing shearing tearing of the plate across a row none of these

facilitates comparatively easier

Triangular pitch tube layout as compared to square pitch in a permits the use of less tubes in a permits the use of more tubes in a
24 external cleaning because of large both (b) and (c).
shell and tube heat exchanger given shell diameter. given shell diameter.
clearance.
Bracket supports are the most suitable for supporting
25 thick walled vertical horizontal thin shperical (e.g. Horton sphere) none of these
__________ vessels.
In a multipass shell and tube heat exchanger, the shell side cross
26 baffle spacing clearance pitch none of these
flow area does not depend upon
Two iron pipes of the same nominal diameter but different
27 inside diameter outside diameter wall thickness none of these
schedule numbers will have the same
Steam side heat transfer co-efficient for design consideration
28 under ordinary condition can be assumed to be about 1250 2500 7500 15000
__________ kcal/hr.m^2.°C.

For all the cylindrical process

Risers provided in bubble cap trays
vessels operating above atmospheric Fouling factor of river water is less
29 Pick out the wrong statement in the distillation column facilitate both (b) and (c).
pressure, formed heads are used for than that of sea water.
the flow of both liquid and vapor.
closing the vessel.

Lessing ring is formed by the addition of a partition across the

30 centre of a raschig ring, which results in an area increase of 5 20 35 55
about __________ percent.
 Bracket supports are the most suitable for supporting
25 thick walled vertical horizontal thin shperical (e.g. Horton sphere) none of these
__________ vessels.
In a multipass shell and tube heat exchanger, the shell side cross
26 baffle spacing clearance pitch none of these
flow area does not depend upon
Two iron pipes of the same nominal diameter but different
27 inside diameter outside diameter wall thickness none of these
schedule numbers will have the same
Steam side heat transfer co-efficient for design consideration
28 under ordinary condition can be assumed to be about 1250 2500 7500 15000
__________ kcal/hr.m^2.°C.

For all the cylindrical process

Risers provided in bubble cap trays
vessels operating above atmospheric Fouling factor of river water is less
29 Pick out the wrong statement in the distillation column facilitate both (b) and (c).
pressure, formed heads are used for than that of sea water.
the flow of both liquid and vapor.
closing the vessel.

Lessing ring is formed by the addition of a partition across the

30 centre of a raschig ring, which results in an area increase of 5 20 35 55
about __________ percent.
In chemical process equipments, the conical bottom heads used,
31 20° 40° 60° 80°
usually has an apex angle of

Smaller sized packings are generally dumped to the packed

columns, and the large ones of size greater than __________
32 25 50 75 150
mm are stacked individually, which provides better control over
bed porosity and offers lower gas pressure drop.

Shell side heat transfer co-efficient in case of square pitch as

33 compared to the triangular pitch under similar condition of fluid more same less twice
flow and tube size is
Correct use of 'factor of safety' is very important in equipment
34 ultimate stress to breaking stress. ultimate stress to working stress. working stress to ultimate stress. none of these.
design. It is defined as the ratio of the

The operating velocity in the absorption tower is usually 40-

50% of the flooding velocity. Packed absorption towers are
35 1-5 20-40 100-150 1000-1500
normally designed for a pressure drop of about __________
mm of water column per metre height of packing.

__________ tray arrangement is recommended for distillation

36 Radial flow Cross flow Split flow Cascade
column having diameter upto 4 ft.
What is the value of 'q' for saturated liquid feed to a distillation
37 0 <1 1 >1
column ?

hole sizes may be around 1/8" or total hole area may be around 6 to pressure drop is less compared is
38 In perforated plate towers, the all (a), (b) and (c).
3/16". 15% of tower cross-sectional area. similar bubble cap towers.

facilitate handling of large flow

39 The main purpose of providing stepping on the trays is to increase the residence time. decrease the pressure drop. improve the flow condition.
rate of liquid.
The operating pressure drop range in a bag filter is about
40 50-150 5-10 500-1500 1500-2500
__________ mm water gauge.

The ends of a cylinderical vessel can be closed by a head,

41 which can be one of the four shapes. For the same thickness, Flat plate Hemispherical Torispherical Ellipsoidal
choose the one which can withstand the highest pressure.

For laminar flow (NRe < 2100) in steel pipe, the optimum
42 Di, opt = 3 Q^0.36 ρ^0.18 Di, opt = 3.9 Q^0.45 . Ρ^0.23 Di, opt = 7.6 Q^0.36 . Ρ^0.9 Di, opt = 3 Q^0.36 . ρ^1.86 μ^0.08
inside pipe diameter is given by

When highly corrosive fluids are to
be handled, the plate towers prove
43 Pick out the correct statement.
to be cheaper and easier to construct
than packed tower.
The pressure drop through the
Packed towers are generally
packed towers is generally more
preferred over plate towers, if the none of these.
than the pressure drop through plate
liquids have a foaming tendency.
towers designed for same duty.

Wall thickness of schedule 40 pipe as compared to that of cither (a) or (b); depends upon the
44 more less same
schedule 80 pipe is I.D. of the pipe
Downtake is formed by the annular
Pick out the wrong statement pertaining to the design of a It is used for high viscosity liquor The tube bundle is suspended on
45 There is no central downtake. space between the bundle and the
basket type evaporator. having large rate of scaling. bracket.
shell.

Tendency towards stable operation

The pressure drop due to the caps & is increased by increasing the skirt The dimensionless ratio of liquid
Pick out the wrong statement pertaining to the design of the
slots and the static submergence clearance of the caps, lowering the gradient to pressure drop head
46 bubble cap tray of a distillation column to give stable operation none of these.
should be as high as practicable for rate of liquid flow per unit plate caused by the bubble cap assembly
and even vapour distribution.
reasonable operation. width or increasing the spacing should be less than 0.4.
between the caps.

Questions
1 Needle valves are generally not used for very large diameter pipes. high pressure throttling service. very accurate flow control. smaller sizes of pipe.

Height equivalent to a theoretical plate (HETP) is the height of

packing that will give the same separation as one theoretical
2 plate in gas-liquid mass transfer operations like distillation, flow rates of each fluid. type and size of packing. concentration of each fluid. all a, b & c.
absorption/stripping and humidification/dehumidification.
HETP which is experimentally determined, depends upon the

In a shell and tube heat A loop seal or U-seal is provided

Safety valves are provided in Liquid metals and dowtherm are
exchanger, high pressure fluid is in a vertical condenser sub-
3 Pick out the wrong statement. heat exchangers for removal of used for very high temperature
generally routed through the cooler to prevent quick draining
non-conden-sables. heating.
tube. of the condensate.

With increase in gas flow rate to fabric surface area ratio

4 (Nm3/hr/m2 fabric surface area), the size & the cost of a bag increases decreases remain unaffected none of these
filter

A head comprises of straight flange section, corner torus,

central dished section and corner torus section and central central dished section and straight flange section and corner
5 section and central dished section. Crown radius and knuckle
corner torus section. dished section. straight flange section. torus section.
radius in a head is related respectively to the
 An adequate clearance between the tray and the shell wall of a drain the liquid from the tray allow for thermal expansion
29 avoid back-trapping. none of these.
distillation column is provided to when the unit is not in operation. and facilitate installation.

Overall tray efficiency of a distillation column is the ratio of the overall gas transfer units to the ideal trays required to the real trays required to the number
30 none of these.
number of number of ideal trays required. number of real trays required. of ideal trays required.

An increased weir height Minimum recommended

Width of the calming section
improves the tray efficiency at For segmental downcomers, the downcomer residence time for
provided at the inlet and outlet
the cost of high plate pressure chord length is 60-80% of the the disengagement of
Pick out the wrong statement about the design of a sieve plate sides of the plate is 75 mm for
31 drop; optimum wear height column diameter. An initial entrained vapour is the same
column. column diameter below 1.5
being 40-90 mm for column value of downcomer area of for both foaming and non-
metres and 100 mm for larger
pressure above atmospheric and 12% is taken in the design. foaming liquids, which is
diameter columns.
6-12 mm for vacuum columns. about 20 seconds.

Generally, no corrosion allowance in wall thickness of a part is

32 10 20 30 5
required, if the thickness is more than __________ mm.

Multiple blade paddle agitator is used for mixing high viscosity

liquids/paste in which the paddle diameter is commonly 0.8
33 0.1 to 0.25 0.3 to 0.5 0.5 to 0.6 0.65 to 0.80
times the tank diameter. However, the width of the blade is in
the range of __________ times the paddle diameter.

In a __________ rivetted joint, the rivets in the various rows

34 zig-zag chain diamond none of these
are opposite to each other.

The tensile strength of a brittle The compressive strength of a In a thick cylindrical shell, the The value of crushing load is
35 Pick out the wrong statement: material is less than its ductile materia] is less than its hoop stress is maximum at the more than that of buckling
compressive strength. tensile strength. inner radius. load for long colmns.

are manufactured on 2:1 ratio of resist half the pressure rating

major to minor axis and is compared to hemi spherical head are approximately as strong as
36 Generally, elliptical dished heads recommended to be used for provided on the cylindrical shell seamless cylindrical shell having all (a), (b) and (c).
pressure vessels operating above of the same thickness and the corresponding I.D and O.D.
a pressure of 1.5 MN/m^2 . diameter.

In operations involving large

Plate tower is perferred, if
Pick out the wrong statement pertaining to the comparative
interstage cooling is required to
37 evaluation of performance of the packed tower and the plate
remove heats of reaction or
tower.
solution.
The total weight of a dry plate
Plate tower is preferred over temperature changes. (e.g.
tower is usually much more
packed tower, if the operation distillation), plate towers are
than that of a dry packed
involves liquids containing preferred over packed towers as
tower designed for the same
dispersed solids. the packing may be crushed due
duty.
to large temperature changes.

The circumferential (hoop) stress in a thin walled cylinderical

38 pd/2t pd/4t pd/t pd/3t
vessel under internal pressure is
39 (1) for fully open gate valves would be

much more than that for fully much less (say 2% than that for
around 7. both (b) and (c).
open globe valves. fully open globe valves).

multipass shell and tube heat counter flow of hot and cold
40 LMTD correction factor is used in heat exchanger design for double pipe heat exchanger. fouling fluids.
exchanger. fluids.

cases where temperature

heat transfer between corrosive counter-current heat transfer
41 Floating head heat exchangers are used for the difference between the shell co-current heat transfer systems.
fluids. systems.
and the tubes is more (>50°C).

The most common standard size of bubble caps used in

42 1" dia cap with 0.5" dia riser. 6" dia cap with 4" dia riser. 8" dia cap with 1" dia riser. 4" dia cap with 8" dia riser.
industrial operation is

Compensation against openings in process vessels for giving

inlet and outlet connections, for providing sight glasses and
43 nozzle or rim flared out fluid in ring plate
manholes etc. is provided for strength and rigidity. The most
efficient type of compensation is of __________ type.

In case of a continuous distillation column, increase in reflux lower fixed charges for the greater cost for the reboiler heat greater cost for the condenser
44 all (a), (b) and (c).
ratio may result in the column. supply. coolant.

In a distillation column, the minimum residence time for liquid

45 1 8 80 180
in the downspout is about __________ seconds.

Thickness of the frame of a plate and frame filter as compared

46 less same more either (a) or (b)
to that of plates is

Which of the following factors affect the pressure drop in a co- Size, shape, orientation and
47 Density and viscosity of fluids. Fluid flow rates. All (a), (b) and (c).
current gas-liquid absorption packed tower ? surface of the packing particles.

The thickness of heat transfer plates used in the plate type heat
48 exchanger ranges from __________ mm, pressed in a single 0.3 to 0.8 1.25 to 3.125 3.5 to 7.0 8-12
piece provided with grooves & corrugations.

49 Rivets are generally specified by the head diameter shank diameter overall length none of these
50 Length to diameter ratio of most rotary driers is in the range of 1 to 2 4 to 10 10 to 20 20 to 30
 Overall tray efficiency of a distillation column is the ratio of the overall gas transfer units to the ideal trays required to the real trays required to the number
30 none of these.
number of number of ideal trays required. number of real trays required. of ideal trays required.

An increased weir height Minimum recommended

Width of the calming section
improves the tray efficiency at For segmental downcomers, the downcomer residence time for
provided at the inlet and outlet
the cost of high plate pressure chord length is 60-80% of the the disengagement of
Pick out the wrong statement about the design of a sieve plate sides of the plate is 75 mm for
31 drop; optimum wear height column diameter. An initial entrained vapour is the same
column. column diameter below 1.5
being 40-90 mm for column value of downcomer area of for both foaming and non-
metres and 100 mm for larger
pressure above atmospheric and 12% is taken in the design. foaming liquids, which is
diameter columns.
6-12 mm for vacuum columns. about 20 seconds.

Generally, no corrosion allowance in wall thickness of a part is

32 10 20 30 5
required, if the thickness is more than __________ mm.

Multiple blade paddle agitator is used for mixing high viscosity

liquids/paste in which the paddle diameter is commonly 0.8
33 0.1 to 0.25 0.3 to 0.5 0.5 to 0.6 0.65 to 0.80
times the tank diameter. However, the width of the blade is in
the range of __________ times the paddle diameter.

In a __________ rivetted joint, the rivets in the various rows

34 zig-zag chain diamond none of these
are opposite to each other.

The tensile strength of a brittle The compressive strength of a In a thick cylindrical shell, the The value of crushing load is
35 Pick out the wrong statement: material is less than its ductile materia] is less than its hoop stress is maximum at the more than that of buckling
compressive strength. tensile strength. inner radius. load for long colmns.

are manufactured on 2:1 ratio of resist half the pressure rating

major to minor axis and is compared to hemi spherical head are approximately as strong as
36 Generally, elliptical dished heads recommended to be used for provided on the cylindrical shell seamless cylindrical shell having all (a), (b) and (c).
pressure vessels operating above of the same thickness and the corresponding I.D and O.D.
a pressure of 1.5 MN/m^2 . diameter.

In operations involving large

Plate tower is perferred, if
Pick out the wrong statement pertaining to the comparative
interstage cooling is required to
37 evaluation of performance of the packed tower and the plate
remove heats of reaction or
tower.
solution.
The total weight of a dry plate
Plate tower is preferred over temperature changes. (e.g.
tower is usually much more
packed tower, if the operation distillation), plate towers are
than that of a dry packed
involves liquids containing preferred over packed towers as
tower designed for the same
dispersed solids. the packing may be crushed due
duty.
to large temperature changes.

The circumferential (hoop) stress in a thin walled cylinderical

38 pd/2t pd/4t pd/t pd/3t
vessel under internal pressure is
39 (1) for fully open gate valves would be

much more than that for fully much less (say 2% than that for
around 7. both (b) and (c).
open globe valves. fully open globe valves).

multipass shell and tube heat counter flow of hot and cold
40 LMTD correction factor is used in heat exchanger design for double pipe heat exchanger. fouling fluids.
exchanger. fluids.

cases where temperature

heat transfer between corrosive counter-current heat transfer
41 Floating head heat exchangers are used for the difference between the shell co-current heat transfer systems.
fluids. systems.
and the tubes is more (>50°C).

The most common standard size of bubble caps used in

42 1" dia cap with 0.5" dia riser. 6" dia cap with 4" dia riser. 8" dia cap with 1" dia riser. 4" dia cap with 8" dia riser.
industrial operation is

Compensation against openings in process vessels for giving

inlet and outlet connections, for providing sight glasses and
43 nozzle or rim flared out fluid in ring plate
manholes etc. is provided for strength and rigidity. The most
efficient type of compensation is of __________ type.

In case of a continuous distillation column, increase in reflux lower fixed charges for the greater cost for the reboiler heat greater cost for the condenser
44 all (a), (b) and (c).
ratio may result in the column. supply. coolant.

In a distillation column, the minimum residence time for liquid

45 1 8 80 180
in the downspout is about __________ seconds.

Questions

Tube wall thickness depends on the cor-rosiveness of the fluids

and their operating pressure & temperature and is specified by
Birmingham wire gauge (B.W.G)-a number which varies from
1 8 to 18 with the numbers 14 and 16 being more commonly 16 19 28 38
used. Outside diameter of tubes varies from about 15 to 50 mm;
however a tube of less than __________ mm outside diameter
is generally not recommended for fouling fluids.

Angled baffles are preferred in the agitation tank to control the

swirling action; if the viscosity of the liquid to be mixed is
2 about 200 poise. However, the baffle may be completely 300 600 1000 1500
eliminated for mixing liquids having viscoisty above
__________ poise.
 Its usual dimensions are: tube dia
It is unsuitable for concentrating It is suitable for process, in Liquor flows inside the tube,
Pick out the wrong statement pertaining to the design of a = 2-3 cms; evaporator body dia
26 those liquids, which form a scale which the final product is a while the steam is outside
horizontal tube evaporator. = 1-4 metres and evaporator
or deposit salt. liquor instead of solid. submerging the tube.
height = 2.5-4 metres.

are normally located near the

must be large enough (usually
overflow weir so that any
facilitate draining out liquid from 1/4" to 5/8" dia) to prevent
delivery of liquid during
27 Weep holes provided in the plates of a distillation column a tray when the unit is not in plugging but should not deliver all (a), (b) and (c).
operation follows approximately
operation. excessive amount of fluid during
the same path as the overflow
operation.
fluid.
Steam is preferred to be used as a heating medium in heat
28 low cost. high latent heat. non-corrosive condensate. high film co-efficient.
exchangers, because of its
__________ shapedroof is the most commonly used roof for
29 Conical Flat Dome Umbrella
cylinderical storage tanks.

Thickness of spherical shell is

half that of the cylinderical
Diameter of Horton sphere is vessel under same operating Horton sphere is used for the Horton sphere is used for the
Pick out the wrong statement pertaining to 'Horton sphere' used normally 6 to 25 metres and it is pressure condition. Besides, the storage of gases and volatile storage of liquid at sub-zero
30
for the storage of liquid ammonia. supported by 6 to 12 nos. tubular ratio of surface area to volume is liquid at a moderate pressure of 1 temperature at very high
or rolled section column. less for sphere than any other to 10 kg/cm^2 . pressure upto 200 kg/cm^2 .
shape ; hence insulation required
is less.

31 Value of Peclet number = ∞, is the representative of laminar flow. complete back mixing, plug flow. eddy diffusivity = 0.

less than that for Tee (used as more than that for Tee (used as
32 (1) for a Tee (used as elbow, entering branch) would be around 90. both (b) and (c).
elbow, entering run). elbow, entering run).

In most of the shell and tube heat exchangers, the tube pitch is
33 less than 1.25-1.50 times 2.5 times one-fourth of
generally
In __________
a distillation column,the tube caps
bubble diameter.
are located on trays with a static submergence
34 1.3 to 2 1.6 to 2 in case of a 2.5 1.5 to 3
pitch of __________ times the outside diameter of the caps. downcomer liquid seal in case of bubble cap tray for column
35 1.2 to 3.8 cms is the value of the skirt clearance for bubble caps. all (a), (b) and (c).
a balanced tray design. operating under pressure (≥ 1 improper layout of the
36 Accidents in chemical plants are mostly due to inadequate equipment design. faulty operating
atm.).procedures. failure of equipments.
For identical operating conditions, the pressure drop over equipments.
37 sieve valve counterflow bubble cap
__________ tray is the highest out of the following.
A perforated plate has holes of diameter dn arranged in a pitch
38 ph. Each hole has a tube of I.D. dt passing through it. The
ligament efficiency is given by In flash (equilibrium) distillation,
__________ is the determining factor for the number of bubble In differential (simple)
39 Permissible slot velocity Tray diameter a definiteLiquid
fraction of liquid is
load Flash distillation,
Vapor loaddifferential
caps to be usedsteam
per tray. distillation, the vapour is
Low pressure (with saturation temperature between 105 Distillation under vacuum is a vaporised in such a way that the distillation & steam distillation
40 Pick out the wrong statement about distillation operation removed as soon as it is formed
to 120°C) is usually used in the vacuum evaporators, which substitute for steam distillation. evolved vapour & residual are all continuous distillation
41 250 without 450
appreciable
normally
Which of employ a vacuum
the following is theofbest
about __________
tube mmthermal
material from Hg liquids are in 650equilibrium with 750
processes.
42 Aluminium condensation.
Stainless steel Copper Carbon steel
(referred
conductivity to a 760 mm mercury
pointfittings
of view barometer). each other.
Normal screwed arealone?
used for pipes upto a diameter of
43 1.5 3 5 more in case of7triangular pitch
__________
In a shell andinches.
tube heat exchanger, the clearance of the tube is not less than one-fourth of the
44 more than the tube diameter. equal to the tube diameter. as compared to the square pitch
generally tube diameter or 3/16". upper limit of the vapour may increase or decreaes
45 Diameter of the seive tray column is determined by the lower limit of vapour velocity. hole diameter of the seive tray. height tube
of thelayout.
plate spacing.
For a given fluid, as the pipe diameter increases, the pumping velocity. depending upon whether the
46 decreases. increases. remains unaffected.
cost
Maximum acceptable total liquid gradient over a tray is about fluid is Newtonian or non-
47 5.5 12.5 30.5 45.5
Newtonion.
__________ mm.
In case of a 'thin' pressure vessel, the ratio of its diameter to
48 tubes to avoid <the
10 expansion of > 10 shell side, if the> 20
flow is counter- 30
wall thickness
High is in a shell and tube heat exchanger should
pressure fluid of itshigh
flexibility andshell
nearly shell side for smaller total shell side for large overall heat
49 pressure it incurspressure
less pressure current and tubetheside if the and
flow
preferably
Bubble capbetrayrouted
is thethrough the
most commonly used tray in large constant drop. drop as it eliminates foaming transfer co-efficient.
50 construction.under
efficiency
compared to any other try is co-current.
entrain-ment tendency during none of these.
distillation column, because varying conditions of
designed for the same duty. operation.
operation.
 The corrosive and fouling fluid Higher pressure fluid stream
Pick out the wrong statement about routing of fluids in a shell The viscous fluid should be Lower flow rate fluid should be
22 should be preferably routed should be routed through the
and tube heat exchanger. routed through the shell side. routed through the shell side.
through the tubes. shell side.
ultimate tensile strength (or yield
The necessary wall thickness for a metallic storage vessel is a operating pressure and
23 point) of the material and diameter of the vessel. all (a); (b) and (c).
function of the welding/joint efficiency.
operating temperature.
In a multiple effect evaporator system having 'n' effects, the
amount of water evaporated per unit surface area in
24 'n'th (1/n)th 0.5 nth 1.5 nth
approximately equal to __________ times that in a single
effect.

Flat head covers are most Flanged only head is a type of

In a flanged and standard dished In a flanged and shallow dished
suitable for larger vessels flat head in which gradual
25 Pick out the wrong statement head, the crown radius is ≤ shell head, the crown radius is > shell
operating at very high change in the shape at the centre
outside diameter. outside diameter.
pressure. results in reduced local stresses.

Its usual dimensions are: tube dia

It is unsuitable for concentrating It is suitable for process, in Liquor flows inside the tube,
Pick out the wrong statement pertaining to the design of a = 2-3 cms; evaporator body dia
26 those liquids, which form a scale which the final product is a while the steam is outside
horizontal tube evaporator. = 1-4 metres and evaporator
or deposit salt. liquor instead of solid. submerging the tube.
height = 2.5-4 metres.

are normally located near the

must be large enough (usually
overflow weir so that any
facilitate draining out liquid from 1/4" to 5/8" dia) to prevent
delivery of liquid during
27 Weep holes provided in the plates of a distillation column a tray when the unit is not in plugging but should not deliver all (a), (b) and (c).
operation follows approximately
operation. excessive amount of fluid during
the same path as the overflow
operation.
fluid.
Steam is preferred to be used as a heating medium in heat
28 low cost. high latent heat. non-corrosive condensate. high film co-efficient.
exchangers, because of its
__________ shapedroof is the most commonly used roof for
29 Conical Flat Dome Umbrella
cylinderical storage tanks.

Thickness of spherical shell is

half that of the cylinderical
Diameter of Horton sphere is vessel under same operating Horton sphere is used for the Horton sphere is used for the
Pick out the wrong statement pertaining to 'Horton sphere' used normally 6 to 25 metres and it is pressure condition. Besides, the storage of gases and volatile storage of liquid at sub-zero
30
for the storage of liquid ammonia. supported by 6 to 12 nos. tubular ratio of surface area to volume is liquid at a moderate pressure of 1 temperature at very high
or rolled section column. less for sphere than any other to 10 kg/cm^2 . pressure upto 200 kg/cm^2 .
shape ; hence insulation required
is less.

31 Value of Peclet number = ∞, is the representative of laminar flow. complete back mixing, plug flow. eddy diffusivity = 0.
(1) for a Tee (used as elbow, entering branch) would be

less than that for Tee (used as more than that for Tee (used as
32 around 90. both (b) and (c).
elbow, entering run). elbow, entering run).

Questions

In common bubble cap distillation column design practice, riser

1 area is approximately equal to (where, Aa = Annular passage Aa = Sa 1.2 Aa = 1.2 Sa Sa = 1.5 Aa Aa = 1.5 Sa
area, and Sa = Slot area)

Heat transfer co-efficient, hG(Kcal/hr.m^2 .°C) and mass

velocity of air, G (kg/hr.m^2 ) for air flow parallel to the
2 surface in case of constant drying rate in batch drying is related hG = 1.004G^0.37 1.004G^0.8 hG = 0.0176G^0.37 0.0176G^1.37
as hG = 0.0176G^0.8. But when the flow of air perpendicular
to the surface is encountered, this equation changes to

In the agitators, the power required will be changed with the

3 D^2 D^5 D D^9
increase of diameter of agitator (D) as
Apex angle of conical heads used in the bottom heads of
4 30° 45° 60° 75°
chemical process equipments is usually

Pressure drop due to pipe fittings can be estimated by the

equation (1), where, Le = equivalent of straight pipeline which
will incur the same frictional loss as the fitting and D = diamter
of the fitting. The value of (2) (dimensionless for 45° and below
5 180° close return bends would be respectively around 5 and 10 45 and 75 180 and 300 300 and 500

A pressure vessel is said to be made of 'thick' shell, if the ratio

6 10 10 20 20
of its diameter to wall thickness is
filtering area & the pressure difference driving
7 Rate of filtrate delivery is inversely proportional to the viscosity of filtrate cake & filter medium resistance. both (a) and (b)
force.
Tube side heat transfer co-efficient for turbulent flow of liquid
8 G^0.2 G^0.5 G^0.8 G^1.5
through tubes is proportional to

Circumferential (hoop) stress in a thin cylindrical vessel under

9 half equal to twice eight times
internal pressure is _________ the longitudinal stress.

The dust collection efficiency of electrostatic precipitator

10 gas flow rate. electrode area. both (a) & (b) neither (a) nor (b)
increases with increase in the

For storing hazardous chemicals in large storage tanks, the

11 minimum safe distance between the two tanks should range 1 to 1.5 2.5 to 3.5 4 to 5 6 to 8
between __________ times the tank diameter
5 5 and 10 45 and 75 180 and 300 300 and 500

A pressure vessel is said to be made of 'thick' shell, if the ratio

6 10 10 20 20
of its diameter to wall thickness is
filtering area & the pressure
7 Rate of filtrate delivery is inversely proportional to the viscosity of filtrate cake & filter medium resistance. both (a) and (b)
difference driving force.
Tube side heat transfer co-efficient for turbulent flow of liquid
8 G^0.2 G^0.5 G^0.8 G^1.5
through tubes is proportional to

Circumferential (hoop) stress in a thin cylindrical vessel under

9 half equal to twice eight times
internal pressure is _________ the longitudinal stress.

The dust collection efficiency of electrostatic precipitator

10 gas flow rate. electrode area. both (a) & (b) neither (a) nor (b)
increases with increase in the

For storing hazardous chemicals in large storage tanks, the

11 minimum safe distance between the two tanks should range 1 to 1.5 2.5 to 3.5 4 to 5 6 to 8
between __________ times the tank diameter

Which of the following factors determine the amount of Depth of liquid above the bubble Vapour velocity in the volumn
12 Plate spacing. All (a), (b) & (c).
entertainment in a distillation column? cap slots. between the plates.

The absorption factor is defined as (where, S1 = slope of the

13 S1/S2 S1 * S2 S2 / S1 1/S1*S2
equilibrium curve, S2 = slope of the operating line)

14 In shell and tube heat exchangers, straight tie rods are used to hold baffle in space. fix the tubes in position. account for thermal strain. none of these.

In a rotary drier, the average retention time of solid is (where Z

= length of the drier, metres ρ = apparent solid density, kg/m^3
15
L = flow rate of dry solids, kg/see*m^2 drier cross-section H =
hold up of solid.)

minimum tube sheet thickness (in

which tubes are fixed) is equal to
minimum cleaning lane of 6.5 mm O.D. of the tube is 6 to 40 mm
the O.D. of the tube upto 15 mm
16 In case of design of a shell and tube heat exchanger, is provided, when tubes are on a while the tube lengths used are all (a), (b) & (c).
tube diameter; and for > 15 mm
square pitch. 0.5, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6 metres.
tube diameter, tube sheet thickness
is smaller than tube diameter.

In a cylinderical vessel subjected to internal pressure, the

17 longitudinal stress σL and the circumferential stress, σn are σh = 2 σL σh = σL σh = σL/2 no relation exists
related by
Nominal size of a pipe is an indication of its __________
18 inner outer approximate none of these
diameter.
19 Excessive liquid gradient on a tray may result in the maldistribution of gas. back trapping. gas blowing beneath cap skit. all (a), (b) and (c).
The ratio of tube length to shell diameter in case of liquid shell
20 2 to 3 3 to 5 4 to 8 6 to 12
and tube heat exchanger ranges from

In a double pipe concentric heat exchanger, the equivalent

21 diameter of annulus for heat transfer would be (where, D1 and D2 - D1 none of these
D2 are I.D. of inner and outer pipes)

What is the slope of the operating line in the stripping section of

22 0 ∞ >1 <1
a distillation column ?
__________ shaped roof is most commonly used for cylindrical
23 Cone Dome Umbrella Flat
tanks.

24 In a thin cylindrical shell, the hoop stress is __________ stress. radial circumferential tensile compressive longitudinal

What is the slope of the operating line in the stripping section of

22 0 ∞ >1 <1
a distillation column ?
__________ shaped roof is most commonly used for cylindrical
23 Cone Dome Umbrella Flat
tanks.

24 In a thin cylindrical shell, the hoop stress is __________ stress. radial circumferential tensile compressive longitudinal

Commercial packed scrubbers are normally designed for a

25 pressure drop range of __________ mm water coloumn per 4-8 17-34 52-68 88-105
metre of packed height.

26 The retention time of material in a rotary dryer depends upon its rpm slope & length flights arrangement all (a), (b) and (c)

In actual operation of a bubble cap distillation tower, the

27 __________ at the bottom of the tower is more than that at the molal flow rate of vapour vapour molecular weight pressure and temperature all (a), (b) and (c)
top of the tower.
Rotary driers are most economically designed for the number of
28 0.01 to 1 1.5 to 2.5 5 to 10 10 to 20
heat transfer units (HTU) from
The difficulty of liquid distribution in packed towers is
29 accentuated, when the ratio of tower diameter to packing < 30 <7 > 7 < 15 > 20 < 50
diameter is
 "A claming section" before the liquid flows into the permit release of entrained ensure better vapour-liquid cool the liquid before it flows
37 reduce the discharge fluctuation.
downcomer is privided to vapour in the liquid. contact. down.
The units of Young's modulus of elasticity and __________ are
38 strain stress modular ratio none of these
the same.

for carbon steel and cast iron

need not be provided for non-
In the design of a shell and tube heat exchanger, the corrosion pressure parts is 1.5 mm (except for internal cover and tube sheet is
39 pressure parts like tie rods, spacers, all (a), (b) & (c).
allowance for tubes) and for severe provided on both the sides.
baffles, supports etc.
conditions it is 3 mm.

both the functions of

Vertical condenser is advantageous to the horizontal condenser hydrostatic head is required for only the function of condensation sub cooling of condensate is
40 condensation & sub cooling are
from operation point of view, when refluxing the condensate. is to be carried out. desired.
carried out in a single unit.

Hazards associated with the relief valve leakage for extremely

41 rupture diaphragm dikes surge chamber none of these
hazardous material storage can be taken care of by providing

Minimum baffle spacing recommended in a shell and tube heat

42 5 cms 40% of the I.D. of the shell 25 cms I.D. of the shell
exchanger is equal to
__________ liquor is best handled in a long tube vertical
43 Foamy Scaling Viscous Salting
evaporator.
Theoretically calculated diameter of the stripping section of the
either more or less (depending
44 continuous rectification column is __________ that of the less than more than same as
upon relative volatility)
enriching section.

45 Hold up of material in a operating rotary drier is in the range of 0.05 to 0.15 0.25 to 0.50 0.5 to 0.8 0.8 to 0.9

A binary liquid azeotropic mixture has boiling point higher than

46 either of the components, when it shows __________ deviation positive negative no none of these
from Raoult's Law.

The testing pressure of storage tanks and pressure vessels

47 designed as per Indian standard codes should be about 1.5 to 2 3 to 4 4 to 5 >5
__________ times.the design pressure.

48 Flanges are connected to pipes by screwing welding brazing all (a), (b) and (c)

The ratio of down take area to cross-sectional area of the tube,

49 0.5 to 1 1 to 1.5 1.5 to 2 2 to 2.5
for calendria type evaporator ranges from

more in case of triangular pitch as

50 Shortest distance between two tubes is called tube pitch. called tube clearance. compared to square pitch of tube none of these.
layout.

Questions
__________ tower is the most suitable gas-liquid contacting
1 Sieve plate Packed Bubble cap plate None of these
device involving highly corrosive fluids.

At equal mass velocities, the values of film co-efficients for

2 higher lower same unpredictable
gases as compared to that for liquids are generally.

The ratio of the largest load in a test to the original cross-

3 sectional area of the test specimen is called the __________ yield point breaking ultimate none of these
stress.

4 Baffle spacing is generally __________ the I.D. of the shell. more than not greater than not less than one fifth of both (b) and (c)

either (b) or (c); depends on

The wall thickness of thin cylindrical shell with hemispherical
5 equal to more than less than maximum permissible internal
ends is __________ that of the spherical ends.
pressure
A 'rupture disc' is provided in chemical equipments as an
6 relieving excess pressure. creating turbulence. enhancing mixing rate. avoiding vortex formation.
accessory meant for

tube dia of 2.5-7.5 cms, tube area of central downtake is equal

length of 75-200 cms and to 40 to 100% of total cross- liquor is inside the tube while the
7 In a vertical short tube evaporator (Calendria type), the all (a), (b) & (c).
cylinderical drum dia of 1-6 sectional area of the surrounding steam is outside the tube.
metres are normally used. tube.

In a multipass shell and tube heat exchanger, the problem of

8 differential expansion between the shell and tube passes is U-bend floating head tube sheet either (a) or (b) neither (a) nor (b)
taken care of by using a
In a shell and tube heat exchanger, the shortest centre to centre always less than the diameter of
9 called tube pitch. called tube clearance. none of these.
distance between the adjacent tubes is the tube.
preventing the local
Any shell opening greater than 5 cms for a storage tank must be reduction of discontinuity in
10 overstressing of the shell making the joint leak proof. none of these.
reinforced for reason of shape at the junction.
around the opening.
Minimum tube pitch recommended for shell and tube heat
11 exchangers is about __________ times the outside diameter of 1.25 1.75 2.5 3.5
the tube.
 Heat transfer co-efficient for a horizontal condenser as
25 compared to a vertical condenser operating under similar same less about 3 times about 0.33 times
conditions is

Generally, a skirt clerance of

The purpose of the slot is to If sufficient slot area is not
Pick out the wrong statement pertaining to the design of the 0.5" to 1.5' is recommended to
26 disperse the gas into the liquid in provided, the gas may pass none of these.
distillation column. prevent plugging of the slots by
the form of small bubbles. through the skirt clearance.
residue build up.

The longitudinal stress induced in a thin walled cylinderical

27 pd/2t pd/4t pd/t pd/8t
vessel under internal pressure is
In distillation columns, bubble caps are held in place over trays
28 rivets a hold down bar bolts both (b) and (c)
by
The buckling tendency of compression members is always in perpendicular to the axis of the
29 least radius of gyration. axis of the load. none of these.
the direction of the load.
In case of plain carbon steel, butt welded joints are used for
30 1.2 0.5 3.8 6.8
shell plate thickness ≤ __________ cms.

The average velocity in the tubes of a 1-4 heat exchanger is

31 __________ times that in 1-1 heat exchanger having the same 2 1/2 4 1/4
size & number of tubes and operated at same liquid flow rate.

Hoop (circumferential) stress induced in a thin walled 'Horton

32 Sphere' used for the storage of liquid ammonia under pressure
is
flow outside the tube, when the
When one of the fluids is highly corrosive and has fouling preferably flow inside the tube flow is counter-current and
33 perferably flow outside the tube. flow at a very slow velocity.
tendency, it should for its easier internal cleaning. inside the tube when the flow is
co-current.
34 The raio, (1) is normally taken as

0.15-030 0.5-0.65 0.75-0.85 0.60-0.90

A/an __________ is used for changing the direction of a

35 elbow union flange disc compensator
pipeline.
Maximum plate efficiency is achieved in case of __________
36 split cross cascade reverse
flow.
geometric mean of the true
ratio of true temperature ratio of LMTD to the true differenced of true temperature
37 The LMTD correction factor (FT) is defined as the temperature difference and the
difference to the LMTD. temperature difference. difference and the LMTD.
LMTD.
The clearance between two tubes in a shell and tube heat
exchanger is known as 'ligament', whose minimum value is
38 equal to half one fourth three fourth
__________ the outside diameter of the tube, but in no case it
should be less than 4.5 mm.
The ratio for the rate of washing to the final rate of filtration in a
39 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.25
washing type of plate and frame filter is

Normally, the length to diameter ratio of rotary dryers varies

40 form 4 to 10 and for its economic operation, the number of 1.5-2.5 3.5-5.5 7.5-10.0 10-15
transfer units (NTU) for such dryers varies from

41 Value of Peclet number = 0, is the representative of laminar flow. complete back mixing. plug flow. eddy diffusivity = 0.
Poisson's ratio of a material is the ratio of unit lateral strain to
the unit axial elongation within its elastic limit. The value of
42 0.01 0.3 0.75 0.95
Poisson's ratio for structural and pressure vessel steel may be
taken as
43 Removable connection of tubes to tube sheet is called ferrule socket nipple saddle
Stress-strain diagram for low carbon steel/mild steel is shown
below in the Fig.
44
(1)
The point 'A' on the Fig. represents the

breaking stress ultimate stress elastic limit yield point

Typical static submergence for bubble cap plate column

45 2.5" 0.5" 5" 50% of the plate spacing
operating at atmospheric pressure may be around

In the allocated cap area, bubble caps are generally arranged on

cap pitch of 1.3-2 times the cap
46 equilateral triangular pitch. Number of caps fixed on a plate is clearance of 25-75 mm. either 'a' or 'b'. neither 'a' nor 'b'.
diameter.
with a
The length of straight rectangular weir used on cross-flow trays 2 ft irrespective of (for column >
47 0.6-0.8 times equal to twice
is generally __________ the column diameter. 3 ft diameter)
 In case of plain carbon steel, butt welded joints are used for
30 1.2 0.5 3.8 6.8
shell plate thickness ≤ __________ cms.

The average velocity in the tubes of a 1-4 heat exchanger is

31 __________ times that in 1-1 heat exchanger having the same 2 1/2 4 1/4
size & number of tubes and operated at same liquid flow rate.

Hoop (circumferential) stress induced in a thin walled 'Horton

32 Sphere' used for the storage of liquid ammonia under pressure
is
flow outside the tube, when the
When one of the fluids is highly corrosive and has fouling preferably flow inside the tube flow is counter-current and
33 perferably flow outside the tube. flow at a very slow velocity.
tendency, it should for its easier internal cleaning. inside the tube when the flow is
co-current.
34 The raio, (1) is normally taken as

0.15-030 0.5-0.65 0.75-0.85 0.60-0.90

A/an __________ is used for changing the direction of a

35 elbow union flange disc compensator
pipeline.
Maximum plate efficiency is achieved in case of __________
36 split cross cascade reverse
flow.
geometric mean of the true
ratio of true temperature ratio of LMTD to the true differenced of true temperature
37 The LMTD correction factor (FT) is defined as the temperature difference and the
difference to the LMTD. temperature difference. difference and the LMTD.
LMTD.
The clearance between two tubes in a shell and tube heat
exchanger is known as 'ligament', whose minimum value is
38 equal to half one fourth three fourth
__________ the outside diameter of the tube, but in no case it
should be less than 4.5 mm.
The ratio for the rate of washing to the final rate of filtration in a
39 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.25
washing type of plate and frame filter is

Normally, the length to diameter ratio of rotary dryers varies

40 form 4 to 10 and for its economic operation, the number of 1.5-2.5 3.5-5.5 7.5-10.0 10-15
transfer units (NTU) for such dryers varies from

41 Value of Peclet number = 0, is the representative of laminar flow. complete back mixing. plug flow. eddy diffusivity = 0.
Poisson's ratio of a material is the ratio of unit lateral strain to
the unit axial elongation within its elastic limit. The value of
42 0.01 0.3 0.75 0.95
Poisson's ratio for structural and pressure vessel steel may be
taken as
43 Removable connection of tubes to tube sheet is called ferrule socket nipple saddle
Stress-strain diagram for low carbon steel/mild steel is shown
below in the Fig.
44
(1)
The point 'A' on the Fig. represents the

breaking stress ultimate stress elastic limit yield point

keep a check on the liquid give access to the individual guard against foaming &
The function of manholes provided in the shell of a distillation
5 gradient over the plate by direct trays for cleaning, entrainment by dumping all (a), (b) and (c).
column is to
visual observation. maintenance and installation. antifoaming agent through it.

excessive liquid gradient over

6 Back-trapping in a distillation column results due to low gas velocity. high gas velocity. low reflux ratio.
the tray.

For a cylinderical vessel of moderate height, the weld joint

efficiency for joints parallel to the cylinderical axis is given as
1.0, while for joints along the girth (circumference) it is given
7 0.8 0.9 1.0 (0.8)^0.5
as 0.8. In calculating the shell wall thickness using code
formula for an internally pressurised cylinderical vessel, what
value of weld joint efficiency should be used ?

Diameter of bubble caps used in high pressure columns is

either (a) or (b); no
8 __________ as compared to that used in identical vacuum less more same
generalisation can be made
columns.
The ideal size of round bubble caps to be used in industrial
9 distillation column having a diameter of 3-6 metres is 5 15 7.5 50
__________ cms.
Lap joints are preferred for plates having thickness __________
10 < 12.5 >3 >5 5-10
mm.
In a distillation column, minimum clearance to be maintained
11 betweeen the overflow weir and the last row of the bubble caps 2.5 7.5 15 20
is __________ cms.
 may be either more or less than
is always more than arithmetic is always less than arithmetic geometric mean and arithmetic
In the case of a shell and tube heat exchanger, the logarithmic is always less than arithmetic
24 mean value and the geometric mean value, but more than mean value depending upon
mean temperature difference average value.
mean value. geometric mean value. whether the flow of stream is co-
current or counter-current.

Skirt support is the most suitable for supporting __________

25 small horizontal large horizontal tall vertical thick walled
vessels.
low viscosity liquids (< 200 high viscosity liquids (> 600
26 Baffles may be eliminated for large diameter tanks. none of these.
poise). poise).
may increase or decrease
Generally, as the length of the liquid path on a tray is increased
27 increases decreases remains same depending upon the plate
beyond 5 ft, the overall column efficiency
spacing
In packed absorption tower, onset of flooding usually occurs at
28 a pressure drop of about __________ mm of water column per 25-50 50-75 200-250 750-1000
metre height of packing.
For pipe flows, head is proportional to __________ at constant
29 1/D 1/D^2 1/D^5 D^2
capacity (where D = pipe diameter ).

30 Friction factor for turbulent flow in a new pipe is given by

The minimum tray spacing in distillation column of diameter

31 6 18 24 34
less than 3 ft is normally __________ inches.
Oxygen carrying pipelines in chemical industries are coloured
32 yellow black blue red
with __________ colour.
Normally, the ratio of the total riser area to the tower cross
33 sectional area (for bubble cap towers of diameter more than 3 0.4-0.6 0.35-0.75 0.1-0.2 0.55-0.85
ft) is around

The downcomer design and the Weir height in case of a bubble

Weir length for a bubble cap Weir height for a bubble cap
Pick out the wrong statement about the design of seive plate residence time in the downcomer cap plate ranges from 50 to 150
34 plate is the same as that for the plate column is the same as
column and the bubble cap column. is almost same for seive plate mm and is higher than the seive
seive plate. that for a seive plate column.
and bubble cap columns. plate.

Maximum size of the raschig rings used in a packed tower is

35 1/10th 1/20th 1/30th 1/50th
about __________ of the coloumn diameter.
Longitundinal stress induced in a thin walled cylindrical storage
36
vessel is
The type of stress developed in a metallic bar on subjecting it to
37 a change in temperature without allowing it to be deformed is shear tensile compressive thermal
__________ stress.
The safe distance of habitation from a hazardous chemical plant
38 (TLV of its product < 1000 ppm) should be about __________ 1 5 15 25
kms.
The minimum tray spacing in distillation column of diameter
31 6 18 24 34
less than 3 ft is normally __________ inches.
Oxygen carrying pipelines in chemical industries are coloured
32 yellow black blue red
with __________ colour.
Normally, the ratio of the total riser area to the tower cross
33 sectional area (for bubble cap towers of diameter more than 3 0.4-0.6 0.35-0.75 0.1-0.2 0.55-0.85
ft) is around

The downcomer design and the Weir height in case of a bubble

Weir length for a bubble cap Weir height for a bubble cap
Pick out the wrong statement about the design of seive plate residence time in the downcomer cap plate ranges from 50 to 150
34 plate is the same as that for the plate column is the same as
column and the bubble cap column. is almost same for seive plate mm and is higher than the seive
seive plate. that for a seive plate column.
and bubble cap columns. plate.

Maximum size of the raschig rings used in a packed tower is

35 1/10th 1/20th 1/30th 1/50th
about __________ of the coloumn diameter.
Longitundinal stress induced in a thin walled cylindrical storage
36
vessel is
The type of stress developed in a metallic bar on subjecting it to
37 a change in temperature without allowing it to be deformed is shear tensile compressive thermal
__________ stress.
The safe distance of habitation from a hazardous chemical plant
38 (TLV of its product < 1000 ppm) should be about __________ 1 5 15 25
kms.

The maximum unsupported tube

The maximum value of baffle span is generally about 75 times Disk and doughnut baffle is
Pick out the wrong statement pertaining to a shell and tube heat The minimum value of baffle
39 spacing is equal to the I.D. of the tube diameter, but is reduced to the most commonly used
exchanger. spacing is 50 mm.
shell. about 60 times for aluminium, baffle.
copper & alloys of these.
 The practical representative values of HETP for a number of
43 commercial operations lies within a range of __________ 0.1-0.2 0.2-0.5 0.4-0.9 1.2-1.5
metre.

Of the pressure vessels, with same thickness but different Strength of the vessel is same
44 Larger dia vessel. Smaller dia vessel. Larger dia long vessel.
diameters, which one withstands higher pressure ? irrespective of the diameter.

45 Reflux ratio variation in a distillation column is between zero and infinity zero and one minimum and infinity none of these

Width and depth of grooves in the tube sheet holes normally are
46
__________ inch respectively.

In condenser, the cooling water is passed in the tube side in a

47 it reduces heat transfer area. more thinner tubes can be used. pressure drop is reduced. it makes condenser compact.
pass arrangement, because

In packed towers provided with pall rings liquid redistributors

are positioned at heights of every 6 metres or 5-10 times the
48 1/10-1/15th 1/5-1/10th 1/20-1/30th 1/2 to 1/4th
column diameter, whichever is less. Maximum size of the pall
rings should not exceed __________ of the column diameter.

49 Height of the flights in the rotary drier is in the range of 0.08 to 0.12 d 0.02 to 0.05 d 0.2 to 0.5 d 0.5 to 0.6 d

Vapor velocity in a distillation column for non-foaming mixture

50 0.1 to 0.3 0.6 to 0.7 0.85 to 0.95 1.5 to 2
is in the range of __________ times the flooding velocity.

Height of packing in a packed

In practical operation, distillation tower is about 3 times the In a stainless steel seive tray,
In a seive tray, the minimum
towers having diameter 3-6 column diameter for raschig the minimum hole diameter is
4 Pick out the wrong statement. hole diameter is equal to the tray
metres equipped with bubble cap rings and about 5 to 10 times the equal to 10 times the plate
thickness.
(round) size of 15 cms are used. column diameter for saddle thickness.
packing.

In the downcomer of a distillation column, the minimum

5 2.5 5 12.5 17.5
recommended residence time is about __________ seconds.

For identical situation, condensing film coefficient in case of a

6 horizontal condenser is almost __________ the value expected half twice thrice five times
in case of vertical condenser.
Diameter of rivet hole (d, mm) and the plate thickness (t, mm)
7 d = 1.1 t d = 1.6 √ t d = 1.5 t 3√ t
are related by Unwin's formula as
A binary liquid azeotropic mixture has boiling point lower than
8 either of the components, when it shows __________ deviation positive negative no none of these
from Raoult's Law.
In which of the following evaporators, steam is fed inside the
9 Long tube vertical evaporator Short tube vertical evaporator Horizontal tube evaporator None of these
tube while the liquor is outside the tube ?

A single pass air heater is connected to a two pass unit. For the
10 air flow rate and other conditions remaining the same, the film 2 2^0.8 2^0.2 none of these
heat transfer co-efficient for air will vary in the ratio of

In a multipass shell and tube heat exchanger, the baffles on

11 reducing scale deposition. increasing pressure drop. fixing the tubes. creating turbulence.
shell side is primarily provided for
12 For turbine agitator, the impeller diameter is about 0.3 to 0.5 d 0.1 to 0.2 d 0.65 to 0.85 d 0.95 d

In a shell and tube heat exchanger having triangular pitch, the

13
shell side equivalent diameter is given by

If a single tube pass heat exchanger is converted to two passes;

14 for the same flow rate, the pressure drop per unit length in tube increase by 1.8 decrease by 2^2 increase by 2^1.6 none of these
side will __________ times.
An air cooled finned pipe is A heat exchanger is A 90° welded elbow is A pipe still heater is
15 Pick out the wrong statement. diagram-matically represented by diagrammatically represented by diagrammatically represented diagrammatically represented by
(1) (1) by (1) (1)
 The equivalent diameter for fluid flow through a channel of
32 constant non-circular cross section of area 'A' is given by 4 A/P A/P 4 P/A √A
(where, P = perimeter of the channel in contact with the fluid)

Fouling factor must be included in the calculation of over all containing suspended solids containing suspended solids
33 is highly viscous. is of high specific gravity.
design heat transfer coefficient, when the liquid flows at low velocity. flows at high velocity.

34 Lug support is meant for supporting __________ vessels. large horizontal cylindrical tall but empty small thick walled tall

Overall mass transfer co-efficient in case of absorption of

35 __________ in water is based on the gas film co-efficient only, CO2 SO2 NH3 none of these
as the mass transfer process is gas film (phase) controlling.

Which tube arrangement in a heat exchanger would facilitate Heat transfer rate is independent
36 Triangular pitch. Square pitch. Diagonal square pitch.
highest heat transfer rate ? of tube arrangement.

In case of 1.5" heat exchanger tubes, the inside flow area

37 increases decreases remains same none of these
__________ with decrease in BWG.
Cylindrical pressure vessels in horizontal condition is generally
38 lug skirt saddle guy wire
supported on a __________ support.
Pressure drop per tray in the atmospheric distillation column is
39 0.01 - 0.5 0.07 - 0.12 0.5 - 1.0 1-3
about __________ psi.
Welded joint efficiency in the design of chemical process
40 0.55 0.75 0.85 0.95
equipment is taken as

The thickness of segmental baffles (25 -35% cut truncated

41 equal to twice four times half
plates usually) is generally __________ the tube wall thickness.

The safe height (h) to diameter (d) ratio (i.e., h/d) for
42 liquid/petro fuel storage tank of capacity more than 45 kilolitres 1 2 3 3.5
is less than

For given number of passes, pitch & tube diameter, the

43 maximum number of tubes that can be accommodated in a shell about 9 considerably more than 9 considerably less than 9 about 3
of tripled inside diameter will be __________ times.

44 The ratio of linear stress to linear strain is termed as the modulus of elasticity modulus of rigidity bulk modulus none of these

__________ head is the most economical for cylindrical vessels

45 Hemispherical Dished Ellipsoidal Conical
designed for operating at high pressure (> 15 atm.).

used only for distillation, not for

46 Bubble cap plate column is a finite stage contactor. a differential stage contactor. a continuous contactor.
absorption.
In seive plate column, holes are drilled or punched in sizes
ranging from 2.5 to 12 mm (5 mm being widely used). The
47 0.5 to 1.5 2.5 to 4.0 5 to 10 10 to 15
hole pitch is normally __________ times the hole diameter to
give the required hole area.

The joint made by overlapping

Rivetting provides a permanent
48 Pick out the wrong statement.
fastening method.
of one plate over the other, Shank diameter of the rivets The efficiency of a rivetted joint
and then rivetting the two should be less than the size of is the ratio of the strength of the
plates together with two rows the hole drilled in the plate for rivetted joint to the strength of
of rivets is called 'double rivetting. the solid plate.
rivetted butt joint'.

The force due to wind load acting on a tall vessel depends upon
49 shape. outside diameter. height. all (a), (b) & (c).
its
Bubble cap diameter used for the distillation column having
50 diameter ranging from 1.5 to 4.5 metres is about __________ 10 50 100 150
mm.
 For given number of passes, pitch & tube diameter, the
43 maximum number of tubes that can be accommodated in a shell about 9 considerably more than 9 considerably less than 9 about 3
of tripled inside diameter will be __________ times.

44 The ratio of linear stress to linear strain is termed as the modulus of elasticity modulus of rigidity bulk modulus none of these

__________ head is the most economical for cylindrical vessels

45 Hemispherical Dished Ellipsoidal Conical
designed for operating at high pressure (> 15 atm.).

used only for distillation, not for

46 Bubble cap plate column is a finite stage contactor. a differential stage contactor. a continuous contactor.
absorption.
In seive plate column, holes are drilled or punched in sizes
ranging from 2.5 to 12 mm (5 mm being widely used). The
47 0.5 to 1.5 2.5 to 4.0 5 to 10 10 to 15
hole pitch is normally __________ times the hole diameter to
give the required hole area.

The joint made by overlapping

Rivetting provides a permanent
48 Pick out the wrong statement.
fastening method.
of one plate over the other, Shank diameter of the rivets The efficiency of a rivetted joint
and then rivetting the two should be less than the size of is the ratio of the strength of the
plates together with two rows the hole drilled in the plate for rivetted joint to the strength of
of rivets is called 'double rivetting. the solid plate.
rivetted butt joint'.

The force due to wind load acting on a tall vessel depends upon
49 shape. outside diameter. height. all (a), (b) & (c).
its
Bubble cap diameter used for the distillation column having
50 diameter ranging from 1.5 to 4.5 metres is about __________ 10 50 100 150
mm.

agitator type & speed of

1 Power required for agitation depends upon the height & properties of the liquid. size of agitator & the tank. all (a), (b) and (c).
agitation.
Tube height in a calendria type evaporator is normally less than
2 1 2 3.5 5.5
__________ metres.

A pipe is differentiated from a

A reducer is used to change The method of fixing tubes to a
Lug supports are less expensive tube by the fact that a pipe has a
3 Pick out the wrong statement. the direction of a pipe in a tube sheet by expanding is called
than other type of supports. greater wall thickness compared
straight run. 'tube rolling'.
to the tube.

For a 25 mm hole drilled in plates to be rivetted, the shank

4 25 23 26 27
diameter of the rivet should be __________ mm.
In a shell and tube heat exchanger having square pitch, the shell
5 side equivalent diameter is given by (where, P = pitch, d = πd/4P^2
outside diameter of the tube)
total cost considerations
Optimum economic pipe diameter for fluid flow is determined
6 viscosity of the fluid. density of the fluid. (pumping cost plus fixed cost none of these.
by the
of the pipe).

Pressure differential maintained across a continuous rotary

7 50 to 100 100 to 150 250 to 500 600 to 700
vacuum filter is in the range of __________ mm Hg column.

Vertical storage vessels are never supported by __________

8 bracket saddle skirt lug
support.
 residence time in the downcomer
diameter of the bubble cap diameter of the seive plate
tray pressure drop for the disengagement of
column column
entrained vapour

The ratio of volumes of the mixed reactor to the plug flow

30 reactor (for identical feed composition, flow rate, conversion, 1 <1 >1 equal to the order of reaction
and for all positive reaction orders) is always

Steam economy is defined as the amount of evaporation per

unit amount of steam used, while the capacity is the total
31 increases capacity. increases economy. does not affect the capacity. both 'b' & 'c'.
evaporation obtained per hour. Use of multiple effect in
evaporation

32 (1) for a Tee (used as elbow, entering run) would be around

5 60 200 350
Log mean temperature difference in case of multi-pass shell and less than arithmetic mean
33 more than arithmetic mean value. more than geometric mean value. both(b) & (c).
tube heat exchanger is always value.

Practical dividing line between a ductile and brittle materials is

suggested, when the ultimate elongation is about 5%.
either (a) or (b), whichever is either (a) or (b), whichever is
34 Generally, larger the knuckle radius, stronger is the corner torus 6% of I.D. 3 times the thickness
larger smaller
section of a head. The knuckle radius provided should be less
than __________ of the head.

Tubes are fixed to the tube sheet (a thick circular metallic plate)
by the method of tube rolling and brazing (non-removable) or
35 ferrule connection (removable). Thickness of the tube, sheet is half three fourth equal to 1.5 times
normally __________ the outside diameter of the tube but in no
case it should be less than 22 mm (7/8").

A shell may by termed as thin if its thickness to diameter ratio is

36 less than 0.1. The factor which can be neglected in the bending deformation shear elongation
calculation of membrane stresses is

Scale up problem in design based on the similarity concept

37 geometrical kinematic dynamic all (a), (b) and (c)
takes into account __________ similarity.
__________ closure is the weakest enclosure for cylindrical
38 Hemispherical Torispherical Conical or flat plate Elliptical
vessels.

39 Which of the following efficiencies can be greater than 100% ? Overall plate efficiency. Murphree plate efficiency. Point efficiency. None of these.
 A shell may by termed as thin if its thickness to diameter ratio is
36 less than 0.1. The factor which can be neglected in the bending deformation shear elongation
calculation of membrane stresses is

Scale up problem in design based on the similarity concept

37 geometrical kinematic dynamic all (a), (b) and (c)
takes into account __________ similarity.
__________ closure is the weakest enclosure for cylindrical
38 Hemispherical Torispherical Conical or flat plate Elliptical
vessels.

39 Which of the following efficiencies can be greater than 100% ? Overall plate efficiency. Murphree plate efficiency. Point efficiency. None of these.