October University for Modern Sciences & Arts

Final Exam
Faculty Engineering
Department GSE
Module Code MAT351/341
Module Title Mathematical analysis and numerical methods
Semester Fall 2018
Time Allowed 3 Hours
Total Mark 40 marks
No. of Pages 2
Material provided None
Equipment permitted Scientific Calculator
Additional Instructions NO Programmable Calculator is permitted

No books, paper or electronic devices are permitted to be brought into the examination room other
than those specified above.
October University for Modern Sciences and Arts Math Anal& Numeric Methods
Faculty of Engineering MAT 351/341
Fall 2018– Final Exam Time: 3 Hours
Perform your computations using 6 decimal places
Question 1: (8 Marks) (ILOs: A1, A2,B1)
(a) Discuss how to determine a root 𝒙𝒓 of 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟎 using the false position method where 𝒙𝒓 ∈ [𝒙𝒍 . 𝒙𝒖 ].
(2 marks)
(b) Suppose that you are called upon to design an automatic computerized control system for a chemical
production process, and this system requires accurate estimates of molal volume of carbon dioxide
on an essentially continuous basis to properly manufacture the final product. The computation of
molal volume 𝑥 can be accomplished numerically from Van der Waals equation:
𝑎
(𝑃 + 2 ) (𝑥 − 𝑏) = 𝑅𝑇,
𝑥
where 𝑅 is the universal gas constant, 𝑇 is the absolute temperature, 𝑃 is the pressure, 𝑎 and 𝑏 are
empirical constants. Conduct three iterations to estimate an approximate value of 𝑥 using the
bisection method given that 𝑅 = 0.082054 L atm/(mol K), 𝑇 = 300 K, 𝑃 = 1 atm, 𝑎 = 3.592,
𝑏 = 0.04267 and 𝑥 ∈ [20,30].
Solution
x  xu 20  30
a) 1st iteration xr =   25
2 2
𝑓(𝑥𝑟 ). 𝑓(𝑥𝑙 ) < 0, so 𝑥𝑢 = 𝑥𝑟 in the next iteration
2nd iteration 𝑥𝑟 = 22.5 𝑓(𝑥𝑙 ). 𝑓(𝑥𝑟 ) > 0 so 𝑥𝑙 = 𝑥𝑟 in the next iteration
3rd iteration 𝑥𝑟 = 23.75, 𝜀𝑎 = 1.638%
(c) The amount of mass transported via pipe over a period of time can be computed as:
𝑡2
𝑀 = ∫ 𝑄(𝑡)𝐶 (𝑡)𝑑𝑡
𝑡1
where 𝑀 =mass (mg), 𝑡1 = the initial time (min), 𝑡1 =the final time (min), 𝑄(𝑡) =flow rate m3 /min
and 𝐶(𝑡) =concentration (mg/m3 ). The following functional representation define the temporal variations
in flow and concentration.
𝑄(𝑡) = 9 + 4 cos 2 (0.4𝑡)
𝐶(𝑡) = 5𝑒 −0.5𝑡 + 2𝑒 0.15𝑡
Determine the mass transported between 𝑡1 = 2 and 𝑡2 = 8 min using 6-segment trapezoidal rule.

Let 𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑄(𝑡)𝐶(𝑡)

ℎ
M= (𝑓(𝑥0 ) + ∑𝑛−1
𝑖=1 𝑓(𝑥𝑖 ) + 𝑓(𝑛))
2

Finally, just sum up the above values and multiply by h=1, n=6 :
M=322.332911491654

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 Question 2: (8 Marks) (ILOs: B1, B2,C1, D1)

(a) In environmental engineering, the following equation can be used to compute the oxygen level 𝜆 (mg/L) in a
river downstream from a sewage discharge:

10 − 20(𝑒 −0.15𝑥 − 𝑒 −0.5𝑥 ) = 𝜆

Use Newton-Raphson method to determine the distance 𝑥 downstream where 𝑥0 = 0.9 and 𝜆 = 5 mg/L.
Determine your answer to a 0.5 % error. (4 marks)
Solution
𝑓(𝑥𝑖 )
𝑥𝑖+1 = 𝑥𝑖 −
𝑓′(𝑥𝑖 )
𝑥1 = 0.974097
𝑥2 = 0.976228 𝜀𝑎 = 0.0025% < 𝜀𝑠 𝑆𝑇𝑂𝑃

b) Use An environmental engineer measures the following concentration 𝑓(𝑥) of a pollutant at a

distance x in the pore waters of sediments underlying a lake:

x 0 20 30 40
𝑓(𝑥) 0 30 50 60
𝑓′(𝑥)

Use the best numerical differentiation techniques available to estimate the rate of change of
concentration 𝑓’(𝑥) in the table above.
Solution
x 0 20 30 40
𝑓(𝑥) 0 30 50 60
𝑓′(𝑥) 3 5 3 1

c) The following data has been taken from a table that was measured with high precision. Use the
second order Lagrange interpolation polynomial to determine 𝑓(3.5).
(4 marks)
𝑡 0 1.8 5 6 8.2 9.2 12
𝑦(𝑡) 26 16.415 5.375 3.5 2.015 2.54 8
Solution
 t  t1  t  t2   t  t0  t  t2   t  t0  t  t1 
y(t )     y(t0 )     y(t1 )     y(t2 ), t0  t  t2
 t0  t1  t0  t2   t1  t0  t1  t2   t2  t0  t2  t1 
y(3.5)= 9.59375

Question 3: (8 Marks) (ILOs: A3,C1, C2,B3)

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 𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒖
a) Solve 𝟐𝒕 +𝟑 = 𝟎; 𝒖(𝒙, 𝟎) = 𝒇(𝒙); 𝑢(𝑥, 0) = 𝑓(𝑥) using Fourier transforms.
𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒕
b) Prove that 𝑢 = ln √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 is a harmonic function.
−2 − 1 < 𝑥 < 0
c) Find Fourier series for 𝑓(𝑥) = { where 𝑓(𝑥 + 2) = 𝑓(𝑥)
2 0<𝑥<1
Solution
a)

b) 𝑢𝑥 = 2𝑒 𝑥 sin 2𝑦, 𝑢𝑦 = 2𝑒 𝑥 cos 2𝑦

𝑢𝑥𝑥 = 4𝑒 𝑥 sin 2𝑦, 𝑢𝑦𝑦 = −4𝑒 𝑥 sin 2𝑦
𝑢𝑥𝑥 + 𝑢𝑦𝑦 = 0 so 𝑢(𝑥. 𝑦) is harmonic

Question 4: (8 Marks) (ILOs: C2,C3, D1,B1)

𝜕2𝑢 𝜕2𝑢
(a) Solve the following PDE: 2 + = 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 where 𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦 = 𝑧
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 2
Solution

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 (b)Show that the velocity vector 𝑉 = (5𝑥 2 𝑦 4 + ln 𝑦) + 𝑖(tanh 𝑥 − 2𝑥𝑦 5 ) satisfies the continuity equation
∇. V = 0 for a two-dimensional incompressible fluid. (i.e. Prove that 𝐝𝐢𝐯 (𝑽) = 𝟎)
Solution
𝑑𝑖𝑣 (𝑣) = 5𝑥𝑦 4 − 5𝑥𝑦 4 = 0
(c) solve only one of the following questions (5 marks)

i. Solve the following 2nd order IVP using Laplace transforms:

𝒚′′ + 𝟔𝒚′ + 𝟗𝒚 = 𝟎, 𝒚(𝟎) = −𝟏, 𝒚′ (𝟎) = 𝟔

Solution

𝒔𝟐 𝒚(𝒔) + 𝒔 − 𝟔 + 𝟔𝒚(𝒔) + 𝟔 + 𝟗𝒚(𝒔) = 𝟎

(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟔𝒔 + 𝟗)𝒚(𝒔) = −𝒔

𝒔
𝒚(𝒔) = −
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟔𝒔 + 𝟗
𝒔
𝒚(𝒕) = −𝑳−𝟏 ( 𝟐 )
𝒔 + 𝟔𝒔 + 𝟗
𝒔+𝟑−𝟑
𝒚(𝒕) = −𝑳−𝟏 ( ) = −𝒆−𝟑𝒕 + 𝟑𝒕𝒆−𝟑𝒕
(𝒔 + 𝟑)𝟐

ii. Consider the following system which describes a double loop circuit as shown in the opposite
figure:

𝒅𝒊𝟏
𝑳𝟏 + 𝑹𝟐 (𝒊𝟏 − 𝒊𝟐 ) + 𝑹𝟏 𝒊𝟏 = 𝒗(𝒕),
𝒅𝒕

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 𝒅𝒊𝟐
𝑳𝟐 + 𝑹𝟐 (𝒊𝟐 − 𝒊𝟏 ) = 𝟎
𝒅𝒕

Suppose that the applied voltage is 𝒗(𝒕) = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 V for 𝒕 ≥ 𝟎, 𝑳𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟖 henry, 𝑳𝟐 = 𝟏 henry, 𝑹𝟏 = 𝟏. 𝟒 𝛀.
𝑹𝟐 = 𝟏 𝛀. Initially no current flows:𝒊𝟏 (𝟎) = 𝒊𝟐 (𝟎) = 𝟎. Determine the currents 𝒊𝟏 and 𝒊𝟐 using Laplace
transforms. (5 marks)

Consider the RL (resistance/inductance) circuit with a voltage v(t) applied as shown in the opposite figure

If 𝑖1 and 𝑖1 denote the currents in each loop we obtain, using Kirchhoff’s voltage law as follows

Consider the following system which describes a double loop circuit:

𝑑𝑖1
𝐿1 + 𝑅2 (𝑖1 − 𝑖2 ) + 𝑅1 𝑖1 = 𝑣(𝑡),
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑖2
𝐿2 + 𝑅2 (𝑖2 − 𝑖1 ) = 0
𝑑𝑡

Suppose that the applied voltage is 𝑣(𝑡) = 100 V for 𝑡 ≥ 0, 𝐿1 = 0.8 henry, 𝐿2 = 1 henry, 𝑅1 = 1.4 Ω.
𝑅2 = 1 Ω. Initially no current flows:𝑖1 (0) = 𝑖2 (0) = 0. Determine the currents 𝑖1 and 𝑖2 using Laplace
transforms.

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