PRACTICAL # 03

Conversion of Raster to Vector Data

OBJECT
“To analyse the conversion of raster to vector data”

THEORY
Raster data is a type of digital image that represents information on a grid of
pixels. Each pixel contains a value, such as colour or elevation, and together
they form a complete picture.
 Examples of raster data include photographs, satellite images, and
digital maps.
Vector data is a way of representing information about points, lines, and
shapes using mathematical equations. Instead of a grid of pixels like in a
photograph, vector data describes the geometry of objects using coordinates
and paths.
 Examples of vector data include drawings, maps, and logos.

STEPS OF CONVERSION OF RESTOR TO VECTOR

DATA
 Choose the right software: Use GIS software like ArcGIS, QGIS, or
specialized vectorization tools.

 Preprocess the Raster Data: Clean up the raster image by removing

noise, smoothing edges, or enhancing contrast. This step helps improve
the accuracy of the vectorization process.

 Select Vectorization Method: Manual tracing means drawing the shapes one by
one using special tools. It takes time, but you have a lot of control. OR Automatic
vectorization is when a computer does the work of turning pictures into shapes for
you.
  Adjust Parameters: If using automatic vectorization, adjust parameters
to control the level of detail, simplify the output, or enhance accuracy.

 Clean Up Vector Data: After vectorization, clean up the resulting vector

data. This may involve simplifying complex geometries or correcting any
errors introduced during the conversion.

 Attribute Data: Add attribute information to the vector features, such

as labels, categories, or other relevant data.

 Export Vector Data: Save or export the vector data in a common GIS
format or graphic design format.

 Quality Check: Perform a quality check to ensure that the vector data
accurately represents the features from the original raster.

RESULT
Converting raster to vector data involves transforming pixel-based images into
mathematical representations of shapes. This process can be done manually
for precise control or automatically using software tools. The final vector data
is useful for various applications in mapping, design, and graphics.
 PRACTICAL # 04
Conversion of Vector Data to Raster Data

OBJECT
“To analyse the conversion of vector data to raster data”

THEORY
Raster data is a type of digital image that represents information on a grid of
pixels. Each pixel contains a value, such as colour or elevation, and together
they form a complete picture.
 Examples of raster data include photographs, satellite images, and
digital maps.
Vector data is a way of representing information about points, lines, and
shapes using mathematical equations. Instead of a grid of pixels like in a
photograph, vector data describes the geometry of objects using coordinates
and paths.
 Examples of vector data include drawings, maps, and logos.

STEPS OF CONVERSION OF VECTOR DATA TO

RASTER DATA

 Select Software: Choose a tool or software capable of handling the

conversion from vector to raster.

 Preprocess Vector Data: Clean up the vector data, ensuring it is in the

appropriate format and resolving any issues like topological errors or
gaps.

 Define Raster Parameters: Specify the raster parameters such as cell

size, resolution, and extent to set the characteristics of the output
raster.
  Perform Rasterization: Execute the rasterization process, which
involves converting vector features into a raster grid based on the
defined parameters.

 Adjust Settings: Depending on the software used, there might be

options to adjust settings like interpolation methods or handling
overlapping features.

 Review and Validate: Review the resulting raster data to ensure it

accurately represents the original vector features.

 Save or Export: Save or export the raster data in a suitable format for
your specific needs or use within GIS applications.

RESULT:
Converting vector data to raster data means turning drawings of points, lines,
or shapes into a grid of squares, where each square has a specific value. This
gridded data is commonly used in mapping and analysis tasks in GIS.