The link spectrum efficiency in a mobile radio network is influenced by various factors, and

standards often employ multiple techniques to improve or optimize it. One of the key
techniques used to enhance link spectrum efficiency in mobile radio networks is
modulation and coding schemes (MCS).

Here's how modulation and coding schemes work:

1. Modulation: Modulation is the process of encoding digital information onto an

analog carrier wave. Different modulation schemes have different spectral efficiency
characteristics. Higher-order modulation schemes, such as 16-QAM (Quadrature
Amplitude Modulation) or 64-QAM, allow more bits to be transmitted per symbol,
thus increasing the data rate. However, they are more susceptible to noise and
interference.
2. Coding: Error correction coding is used to increase the reliability of data
transmission. By adding redundant bits to the transmitted data, errors introduced
during transmission can be detected and corrected. This enables the use of higher-
order modulation schemes without sacrificing reliability.

By optimizing the modulation and coding schemes based on the channel conditions,
standards aim to maximize the use of the available spectrum and improve the link
spectrum efficiency. Adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) is a common approach where
the system dynamically adjusts the modulation and coding schemes based on the current
channel conditions.

Keep in mind that the specific techniques used can vary between different mobile radio
standards, such as LTE (Long-Term Evolution) or 5G NR (New Radio). Therefore, it's
essential to refer to the relevant standard documentation for detailed information on how
link spectrum efficiency is managed and improved.