The University of Cape Town

Department of Electrical Engineering

EEE 4126F: Energy systems and Grids II
Tutorial 1: Elements of Graph Theory & Bus Impedance Matrix

Exercise 1
For the network shown in @ig. 1, draw the oriented graph and form its extended
incidence matrix 𝐴!"# . From this show the reduced incidence matrix 𝐴$!% . Use bus 0 as
reference.

Fig. 1: Simpli@ied distribution network

Exercise 2
For the network in Figure 2, do the following:
I. Draw the network in its admittance form and draw the oriented graph.
II. Write down the primitive admittance matrix.
III. Form the extended (node-to-branch) incidence matrix .
IV. Form the bus admittance matrix (𝑌&'( ) using your answer in (c).

Fig. 2
Exercise 3
For the network of Figure 3, do the following:
I. Draw an oriented graph
II. Draw 4 possible trees and co-trees of the graph obtained in (a)
III. Obtain the extended incidence matrix and then use it to calculate (𝑌&'( )

Fig. 3

Exercise 4
The one-line diagram of a three-bus power system is given in Fig. 4. The impedances
𝑍) and 𝑍* represent the internal impedances of generators 𝐺) and 𝐺* . 𝑍+ is the internal
impedance of generator 𝐺, . The leakage impedance of the transformer T is 𝑍, and the
per unit turns ratio is 1: a (see Fig.4).
The impedance of the transmission line between bus 2 and bus 3 is 𝑍- .
I. Find the equivalent circuit of the system.
II. Draw the oriented graph and @ind the reduced incidence matrix 𝐴$!% .
III. Write the primitive matrix [y] and the [𝑌&'( ] matrix of the system .

Fig. 4
Exercise 5
Fig. 5 is the circuit of a 3-bus system. Below it is the impedance data of the system’s
branches. Using the Z-building procedure to build the Z bus. Add the nodes in the
following sequence: node 1 to reference; node 2 to node 1, node 3 to node 2, node 3 to
node 1, node 2 to reference. Branch impedance data: 𝑍) = j0.2; 𝑍* = j1.3; 𝑍, = j0.15; 𝑍- =
j0.25; 𝑍+ = j0.14.

Fig. 5