Wachemo University

Durame Campus

College of Engineering and Technology

Department of Computer Science

Title :Networking Installation and Maintenance

Duration: December 05-20
Hosting company: Kambata Tembaro Science and Information System
Company Address: Durame
Submitted by:–Teshome Endale ID No: 2126
Advisor - Mr.Aman T
Submitted to: Department of Computer Science

Submission Date: 29/04/2016

Durame, Ethiopia
Acknowledgement
First of all I would like to thank the almighty God for all the blessings he has given to me. And
also, I would like to thank Ministry of Education and Wachemo University for gives its chance
of this curriculum. I thank my family about helped me by financial .
Secondly we want to give our greatest gratitude to our Adviser Mr.Ashanafi ,Mr.Zerihun and
Mr.Demeke and also greatly acknowledge to Mr.Anebo, the head of Information Technology
Department at Kembata Tembaro Zone .I would also thanks for all employs of KTZICT for that
help me by accepting without any hassle and also providing the necessary material for our
internship. I would also like to acknowledge my campus advisor Mr. Amanuel for his guidance
and support.

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 Abstract
Internship program is the best thing for students to change their theoretical Knowledge that get
from class by different course into practical knowledge and to faces the real world situation
before taking a serious commitment. This internship uses to minimize company’s cost used to
Train workers after they graduated and employed. It also helps students to develop different skill
like practical, interpersonal communication, entrepreneur, and leadership skills. During my
internship period in KTZICT, for a period of two weeks I focus on sections that are related to my
field of computer science. My report is categorized on chapters, starting from the first chapter
which is focus on introduction like the brief history of the KTZICT and I deal with Aims and
significance of Industrial Practice/ Internship. The next chapter focuses on over all objectives
and Scope of Internship Development on the company and also Activities seen within weeks. the
challenge I faced and the measure I take to overcome the challenge. The next chapter focuses on
the challenge I faced and the measure I take to overcome the challenge. Other chapters focus on
over all conclusion and recommendation.

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List of Acronyms

SITD.................................Science and Information Technology Department

SNNPRS...............................South Nation Nationlity and people region
ICT. ..................................... Information Communication Technology
CD ........................................ Compact Disc
RAM......................................Read Access Memory
PC …………………………………………………… Personal computer
RJ-45.................................................. Register jack 45
UTP ……………………………………………..…... Unshielded twisted pair
CAT 6…...……………………………………………. Category 6
CPU……………………………………………………Central Processing Unit
KTZICT…………………………………………………… Kambata Tembaro Zone information
Communicate Technology
Acknowledgement .....................................................................................................................
......i
Abstract..........................................................................................................................................ii
List of Acronyms..........................................................................................................................iii
List of Figures...............................................................................................................................vi
List of Tables.................................................................................................................................vi
CHAPTER ONE:...........................................................................................................................1
1. INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................1
1.1. Background of the Company...............................................................................................1
1.1.1. Structure of their organization /..............................................................................1
1.1.2. Strength side of organization...................................................................................2
1.1.3. Weak side of organization........................................................................................2
1.2. Aims of Industrial Practice/ Internship.............................................................................2
1.3. Significance of Internship................................................................................................2
CHAPTER TWO...........................................................................................................................3
2. Objectives and experiences of Internship............................................................................3
2.1. Objectives of Industrial Practices.............................................................................................3

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 2.1.1 General objective.....................................................................................................3
2.1.2 Specific objective.....................................................................................................3
2.2. Scope of Internship study................................................................................................3
2.3. Activities seen within weeks............................................................................................3
CHAPTER THREE.......................................................................................................................4
3. EVALUATION.......................................................................................................................4
3.1. Challenges that face during Internship and acquired knowledge....................................4
3.1.1. Challenges during Internship...................................................................................4
3.1.2. Acquired knowledge/skills........................................................................................4
CHAPTER FOUR.......................................................................................................................12
4. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION..................................................................12
4.1. Conclusion.....................................................................................................................12
4.2. Recommendation..........................................................................................................13
4.2.1. Recommendation to the hosting company.............................................................13
4.2.2. Recommendation to my campus:.................................................................................13
4.2.3 Reference......................................................................,.......................................................14

List of Figures

Figure3. 1: Straight through cable.......................................................................................... 6

Figure3. 2:cross over cable..............................................................................................................6
Figure3. 3: RJ-45............................................................................................................................7
Figure3. 4: CAT6.............................................................................................................................7
Figure3. 5: Trunker..........................................................................................................................8
Figure3. 6: Switch............................................................................................................................8
Figure3. 7: Router............................................................................................................................8
Figure. 3.8: Crimper...............................................................................................................................8
Figure .3.9 : Screw Driver......................................................................................................................8
Figure3. 10: Portable Drilling Machine...........................................................................................8
Figure3. 11: Computer Maintenance Workshop.............................................................................9
Figure 3.12: Computer cases................................................................................................................9
Figure3. 13: the symptom when RAM is not function..................................................................10
List of Table
Table 1 ..........................................................................................................11

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 CHAPTER ONE:

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background and History of the Organization

The SNNPRS Science and Technology Development Institute and the Communication and
Information Technology Agency have been merged together and approved as the Science and
Information Technology Bureau. In order to be established in a new form, the regional office
was approved as Proclamation No. 180/2012, which was amended by the conference held in
08/02/2012 E.C to determine the powers and functions of the executive bodies of the southern
government.

Therefore, instead of traveling alone in the past in a way that leads to efficiency, instead of
carrying more responsibility than we had before, and requiring to work at a better speed and
quality of service than usual, by using our own capabilities and working in coordination with
stakeholders, it is thought that we will work harder for the results.

1.1. 1 Overall Organization Chart and organizational structure

Science and Information Technology Department (SITD) is organized with 4 directorates.
Those directorates work cooperatively to achieve their goals. Their organizational structure flow
chart is:
Science and information
technology department

Science and Technology and ICT infrastructure Software and

information innovation support development and website
technology capacity and monitoring management development
building directorate directorate directorate and
management
Table 1

Table 1 Organization flow chart

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 Objective of Company

 To create an economic community whose capacity of making decision based on

information and knowledge is matured therein.
 To strength the effectiveness of development activities undertaking in the region by
using methods of information and communication technology.

.To interlink the regional government institution with each other and automate same in a
sustainable way by putting in place modem and reliable information communication
technology infrastructure which may go together with the civilized world, to provide efficient
public service and make a significant contribution for the materialization of good governance
Main products and Services of Company
 Promotes, supports, and organizes science and information technology;
Identifies the needs of science and technology, facilitates the fulfillment of the needs in
consultation with the relevant parties,
 It will establish technology parks in cooperation with other relevant bodies.
 Research protocols of ethics to be supported by the protocol and take necessary legal
action in the event of misconduct;
 Monitors the establishment of a modern information communication network between
regional government institutions, performs software and system development work,
facilitates communication, provides appropriate support, and supervises its
implementation.
 Provides support for coordinated and secure information flow and exchange between
government institutions; Monitors its proper use
 Information for government institutions and society at all levels
Develops a technology research design, identifies a need or gap in modern information
exchange, proposes a solution, and implements it when approved.
 Complex and mild information and communication technology infrastructure will be
developed for the sector offices at all levels in the region.
 Facilitates the financial, material and technical support for scientific, technological and
creative activities, and encourages individuals who have contributed more to the
development of the sectors.
 Coordinates and implements quality infrastructure and radiation protection activities in
the region.
Main Consumer of the Company products
 Woreda Administration’s
 Governmental sectors

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  Society

1.1.2 Strength side of organization

Strengths are internal positive aspects are under control upon which you may member and work
flow of the organization according to some of the strength of KTZICT.

 It has good structural arrangement

 There is a better interest to teach me

1.1.3 Weak side of organization

 lack of enough materials

 less man power
 lack of well-organized lab
 This is no VPN if the DNS was disable

1.2 Aims of Industrial Practice/ Internship

The main aim of this internship program is changing the theoretical education we have learned to
the practical one. Internship is one method of making opportunity for students to develop their
potential and explore general office experience as well as helps to know specific organization’s
arrangements which provide us with valuable work experience (both practical and to explore
new ideas) and an opportunity to practice work before graduation. Internship programs are also
potentially valuable to organizations. While I participate in this internship, I expect that only
practical and theoretical knowledge will be gained in the internship, in fact time it was visible for
me that I have improved my skills and knowledge in so many ways.

1.3 Significance of internship

Internship program is the best thing for students to change their theoretical knowledge that
they get from class from different course into practical knowledge and to face the real-world

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 situation before taking a serious commitment. It also helps students to develop different skill
like practical, interpersonal communicatio

CHAPTER TWO

2. Objectives and experiences of Internship

2.1. Objectives of Industrial Practices

2.1.1 General objective

The general objective of internship program is:-

The practices provide students the material and confidence in their professional preparation and facilitate
the application of knowledge gained the class room to solving real problems.

2.1.2 Specific general objective

 To provide intensive field experience allowing for hands-on computer work.

 To receive an introduction to an organization within the information systems industry
 To gain a better understanding of its design and structure
 To develop an understanding of an organizations varies management and technical skills,
the
 Communication techniques are the decision-making process.

2.2. Scope of Internship study

The scope of the internship is designing network system and making network configuration for
KTZICT.Also included the following items in the scope of this project the internship report
about Kembata Tembero Zone Science and Information Technology .The internship report
includes all the network design of each department and stakeholder of the system.

2.3. Activities seen within weeks

As our internship I can’t not divide our working time in to weeks because we used a little day so
During the first day of my internship, I participated in an orientation program along with other
interns. This orientation provided me with valuable insights into the organization and allowed me
to meet and interact with staff members and fellow interns. From day two up to the end day
sequentially I focused networking and maintenance in theoretically and practically.

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 CHAPTER THREE

1. EVALUATION

3.1. Challenges that face during Internship and acquired knowledge

3.1.1. Challenges during Internship

During this internship, we faced several significant challenges that contributed to our personal
and professional development. Overall, the challenges I faced during this internship were
instrumental in my growth and prepared me for future career endeavors.

✓ Shortage of time and Being new for practical works

✓ Due to lack of employees punctuality
 Due to lack of experienced and motivated employee
✓ Due to lack of materials
✓ Distance of organization, and Lack of transport.
✓ Economic problem, Weather condition, and physical challenges..
 Challenges and Measures Taken
1) Distance of organization: Measures taken Wake up early
2) Financial problem: Measures taken From family
3) Being new for practical works: Measures taken Studying hard and ask daily
4) Shortage of time: Measures taken Manage time efficiently

3.1.2. Acquired knowledge/skills

Hardware Troubleshooting: Developed proficiency in diagnosing and resolving hardware issues

in computer systems, including identifying faulty components and implementing necessary
repairs or replacements .Network Configuration: Acquired hands-on experience in setting up and
configuring networks, including routers, switches, and security protocols, ensuring efficient data
transmission and connectivity. Software Troubleshooting: Strengthened skills in investigating
and resolving software-related problems, utilizing troubleshooting methodologies to address
various application issues effectively. Team Collaboration: Improved collaboration and

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teamwork skills by working alongside diverse team members, fostering an environment of
knowledge sharing and efficient task execution.

3.1.2.1. Practical skill

The following is a list of the training and workshops that I attended:

I. Network cable arrangements Workshop
This workshop provided me with practical skills in arranging and tracking cables for network
infrastructure.
There are various types of cable arrangements such as: -
Straight -through cable
A straight-through cable is an Ethernet cable that connects the wires within it one to one
on both sides. The set of colored wires are configured in the order: orange-white, orange,
green-white, blue, blue-white, green, brown-white, brown. They are ordered from the pin
one slot to the pin eight slots. These cables are always used to connect devices to each
other.
We used this cable to connect the different type of network devices.

This is used to connect:-

Computers with switch

Routers with switch

Switch with hub

Straight through cable Arrangements

1. White orange

2. Orange

3. White green

4. Blue

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5. White blue

6. Green

7. White brown

8. Brown

Figu 3.1 Straight through Cable

 Cross over cable

A crossover cable is also an Ethernet cable. The difference between straight-through cables is
that it has a different wire sequence between connectors. The order of colors in order from pin
one to pin eight would be, orange-white, orange, green-white, blue, blue-white, green, brown-

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white, and brown. A crossover cable covers the other situations where you are connecting the
same device type to each other.
Cross over cable Arrangement

1. White green

2. Green
3. White orange
4. Blue

5. White blue

6. Orange

7. White brown

8. Brown

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Figu 3.2 Cross over cable

 Rollover Cables
It has opposite Pin assignments on each end of the cable or, in other words, it is "rolled
over." Pin 1 of connector A would be connected to Pin 8 of connector B. Pin 2 of
connector A would be connected to Pin 7 of connector B and so on. Rollover cables most
commonly used to connect to a device's console port to make programming changes to
the device. Unlike crossover and straight-wired cables, rollover cables are not intended to
carry data but instead create an interface with the device
II. Network Materials Workshop
 RJ-45 connecter :
It is a standardized physical network interface for connecting
telecommunications or data equipment. RJ45 is a type of connector
commonly used for Ethernet networking.

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 Figure 3. 3 RJ-45

 UTP cable

Unshielded twisted pair (UTP) is a ubiquitous type of copper cabling used in telephone
wiring and local area networks (LANs). In the mantle of a UTP cable you will find eight
separate wires. All the wires are twisted in four pairs. A connector can be placed on the
end of these cables. These connectors are also known as RJ45 plugs. The purpose of the
wires is to transmit signals. A wide range of UTP cables are available. There are five
types of UTP cables identified with the prefix CAT, as in category each supporting a
different amount of bandwidth. But the time of internship I used only CATA6.
 CAT6
-Used in Ethernet-based LANs and data center networks, CAT6 contains four
tightly wound twisted pairs.
-It supports 1 Gbps for up to 100 meters and 10 Gbps for up to 50 meters.

Figure 3. 4: UTP Cable

Trunk:
ü As the name implies. the system is like a tree with one trunk and many
branches.

A trunk is used for a safety of Ethernet cable in some offices

We used this device in data communications transmission systems to provide

many users with access to a network by sharing multiple lines or frequencies

Trunk is used to carry multiple signals simultaneously to provide network access

between two points. One trunk may have many branches

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Figure 3.5 Trunk

 Switch
It is networking hardware that connects devices on a computer network by using packet
switching to receive and forward data to the destination device. A network switch is a
multiport network bridge that uses MAC addresses to forward data at the data link
layer (layer 2) of the OSI model.

Figure3. 6 Switch

Router: The ICT of the KTZICT has only one router and we use this device to
connect two or more networks or LANs and also join multiple networks together .

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Figure 3.7 Router

III. Network Installation Tools Workshop

 Crimper
This tool is used to attach the connectors to the cable. Typically, this tool also includes a wire-
cutter and wire-stripper. Crimping tools are used for the following purposes.
 To cut the network cable of the required length from the bundle.

 To remove the outer and inner jackets of the network cable.

 To attach the connectors on both ends of the cable.

Figure3. 8: Crimper

 Screw Driver
A type of hand tool used for inserting and removing screws is the screwdriver. They come in a
wide range of variations to match the appropriate screw drive.

Figure3. 9Screw Driver

 Tester
It is type of tester, also referred to as an RJ-45 network cable tester, and it is used to check the
functionality of Ethernet cables.

Figure3. 1.10Tester

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  Portable Drilling Machine
Portable drills are most helpful in situations where certain work pieces cannot be brought to the
workshop due to their heavy size or weight, which helps save a lot of time and transportation
costs. The versatility and portability of a portable drilling machine make it an essential tool for a
wide range of tasks and industries.

Figure3. 1.11 Portable Drilling Machine

IV. Hardware Maintenance Workshop

This training program provided me with a basic understanding of computer hardware
components and identifying hardware issues based on common symptoms, such as slow
performance, overheating, and system crashes. This workshop also focused on best practices for
maintaining computer hardware, including cleaning, dusting, and replacing components as
needed.

Figure 3.12 Computer case part

3.1.2.2. Problem solving skill

 Problem-Solved

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The knowledge I gain computer maintenance, previous theoretical And I also upgrading
practically during my two week’s internship period. The problem-solved I describe a
computer for the company are list:
1. Improving Slow Performance. Causes, much older computers with small amounts
of RAM and slow processors .the solutions to this slow performance is to increase the
RAM. By means of change the old RAM or to add another expansion card RAM.
2. Hard Disk Fragmentation. Causes, is when files are stored in different places on a
hard drive. The better solution to this is depending on what storage space was
available when the file was last modified.
3. Working Environment. I recommend the company, computer work room should be
clean, well organized and properly lit.Avoid hazards to the computer and hazards to
the workers.
4. Replacing a Power Supply. Power fault is mainly burn electrical devices, so
recommend the company to use power divider to resist the power.
5. Replacing RAM. RAM is the working place of CPU, so it can fail or come loose
from its housing and need to be restated. In this cause easily damaged by electrostatic
charges, so it is very important for the user to be grounded before picking up RAM.

Figure3. 13the symptom when RAM is not function

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 3.1.2.3. Theoretical skill

during my internship period, I have learned some theoretical knowledge like Maintenance
learning, network materials and installation tools learning and other related courses that help me
to know, understand and work on Maintenance and networking model and how it work.
3.1.2.4. Professional Skill

Through this internship, both my personal and professional growth has been substantial. On
a personal level, I developed better problem-solving abilities, learned to adapt to dynamic
work environments, and improved my communication skills when collaborating with team
members and clients. Professionally, I gained a deeper understanding of computer
maintenance practices and network installations, allowing me to approach technical
challenges with more confidence and competence.

3.1.2.5. Personal ethics

Interpersonal communication is very important in our day today life. Communication skills can
be verbal, listening, writing and non-verbal. In these four ways of communication, I have
developed verbal communication through my internship period by my interaction with co-works,
supervisor and other faculties. Working in different environment with a lot people that come
from different environment a help in a lot in developing different skills. I have also developed
my listening and writing skills through my internship period due to a lot of one to one and group
catching and in the process of writing different papers.

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 CHAPTER FOUR

2. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

4.1. Conclusion

The internship at KTZICT in the realm of computer maintenance and networking

installation has been an invaluable learning experience, contributing significantly to my
growth both professionally and personally. During this internship, I delved into a myriad
of tasks encompassing computer hardware maintenance and intricate networking
installations. The hands-on exposure provided me with a deeper understanding of the
intricacies involved in ensuring the seamless operation of computer systems and
networks within an educational institution. The collaborative environment within the
team fostered a culture of knowledge exchange, where each member's unique expertise
contributed to the successful execution of diverse projects. Team dynamics enhanced not
only technical skills but also improved communication, coordination, and problem-
solving abilities. This internship has been instrumental in bridging the gap between
theoretical knowledge acquired through academic pursuits and its practical application in
the real world. It has reinforced my passion for computer maintenance and networking
while highlighting the importance of adaptability, continuous learning, and effective
teamwork in the ever-evolving tech landscape. In conclusion, the internship at KTZICT
has been an enriching experience, equipping me with a comprehensive skill set, a deeper
understanding of computer systems, and the ability to effectively collaborate within a

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 team. I am immensely grateful for the opportunities provided and look forward to
applying these invaluable learning’s in my future endeavors in the field of computer
maintenance and networking.

4.2. Recommendation

During my internship time I observe different problem standing from my observation as an

internship student I would to give some recommendation to my hosting company Durame
Science and Information Technology Office and to my campus
4.2.1. Recommendation to the hosting company
As a student I would like to give some recommendation to my hosting company KTZICT. Some
of the recommendations suggested to the company that I have seen for the last two weeks main
problems of a company those are as follows:
 The company do not have full materials especially networking material like switch,
router and others, I recommend the company that fulfill the material.
 The company do not have full lectures and the exist lectures are not arrive on time, I
recommend the company that fulfill the lectures and check the attendance every day.
4.2.2. Recommendation to my campus:
I would like to recommend to my campus:
As a university student our campus has many challenges. As my campus mainly concerns about
programming and theory so the campus needs to give special attention to the course that given in
the class. I recommend campus that should arrange some practical visit in some courses before
and after the internship program. Because it helps the student to easily understand what they
learn in their laboratory and lecture class session.
And also the campus has to take the responsibility of placing the students with appropriate
companies because it is difficult for the students to communicate with the hosting companies.

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Finally, the budget allocation for this internship program is not enough for the students to in this
program and also the campus has not willing for giving practice budget for students. I
recommend to the campus it is not behavior of university so the campus must avoid this behavior
and works honestly. I hope improve these behavior for future.

4.2.3 Reference
 Fundamentals of data communication and computer network, 4th Edition
 Guidelines of report writing given by department
 Document we take from the organization
 WWW.oroict.gov.et.html
 www.citylegatafo.gov.etc

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