LINKERS  

AND  CONNECTORS  

1. STRUCTURE
To  begin  with   Secondly  
To  start  with   the  writer  tells  us  that  city  life  is    
he  tells  us  how  unhealthy  it  is.  
In  the  first  place   dangerous  .   Next  
Firstly  

he  describes  how  cities  cause   In  conclusion   he  says  that  the  days  of  the  cities  
Finally  
families  to  break  up.   To  sum  up   are  numbered.  

2. SEQUENCE
Then  
First  (of  all)   he  opened  the  door.   After   he  looked  outside.  
that  

3. ADDING IDEAS

a.     Adding  nouns  within  sentences  

attending  university  in  Scotland.  

,  together  with  his  friend,  is  
 
My  brother   ,  as  well  as  his  friend,  is  
“And”  CANNOT  be  used  to  join  
and  his  friend  are  
sentences  in  formal  English  

b.     Adding  ideas  in  different  sentences  

Furthermore  
My  father  was  a   In  addition  
he  was  a  very  good  one.  
teacher.   Moreover  
Besides  

4. CONCESSION / CONTRAST

a.     Linking  sentences  

However  
I  live  in  the  country   I  prefer  city  life.  
 
On  the  one  hand,  country  life  is  peaceful,  on  the  other  hand  it  can  be  very  boring.  

5. RESULT

a.     Within  a  sentence:  
I  haven't  any  money  so  I  can't  help  you.  (“So”  CANNOT  be  used  to  join  sentences  in  formal  English.)  
b.     Linking  sentences:  

Therefore,  
Thus,  
Stress  makes  many  students  tired.   Consequently   they  should  relax  at  the  weekend.  
As  a  result  of  
this,  

6. GIVE EXAMPLES
For  example,  
For  instance,  
There  are  a  lot  of  colours   Such  as   red,  yellow,  white,  purple...  
 

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