L TF 003 e I

Department: 131
Code: L-TF-003-E-I
Rev: 0 Sheet 2 of 16
PIPING LOADS ON EQUIPMENT NOZZLES. SPECIFICATION FOR VENDORS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. OBJECT ................................................................................................................................. 4
2. SCOPE .................................................................................................................................... 4
3. RESPONSIBILITY ............................................................................................................... 4
4. TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION FOR REFERENCE ................................................. 4
4.1. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ............................................................................. 4
4.2. AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE (API) ............................................................... 4
4.3. WELDING RESEARCH COUNCIL ................................................................................... 5
4.4. NATIONAL ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION .............................. 5
4.5. OTHER INTERNATIONAL REFERENCE CODES ........................................................ 5
5. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS ........................................................................................ 6
6. VESSELS, SHELL/TUBE HEAT EXCHANGERS AND VAPORIZERS ....................... 6
7. FIRED HEATER / FURNACES ........................................................................................ 10
8. AIR COOLERS.................................................................................................................... 11
8.1. ALLOWABLE LOADS FOR NOZZLES ........................................................................ 11
8.2. ALLOWABLE LOADS FOR HEADERS ......................................................................... 11
8.3. ALLOWABLE LOADS FOR MULTI BUNDLE BAY .................................................... 11
9. PLATE HEAT EXCHANGERS ......................................................................................... 12
10. FLARE STACKS ................................................................................................................. 12
11. TURBINES ........................................................................................................................... 12
12. PUMPS.................................................................................................................................. 13
13. COMPRESSORS ................................................................................................................. 14
14. STORAGE TANKS ............................................................................................................. 14
15. GNL STORAGE TANKS.................................................................................................... 14
16. PIG LAUNCHER/RECEIVER .......................................................................................... 15
17. MARINE LOADING ARMS, MLA DOCK PIPING CONNECTIONS ........................ 15
L-TF-002-E, Rev. 0 THIS DOCUMENT IS THE PROPERTY OF INITEC PLANTAS INDUSTRIALES, S.A.U. REPRODUCTION PROHIBITED
Department: 131
Code: L-TF-003-E-I
18. PACKAGED UNITS ........................................................................................................... 15
19. PIPING ALIGNMENT REQUIREMENTS ...................................................................... 16
Department: 131
Code: L-TF-003-E-I
1. OBJECT
Establish the minimum required piping loads on equipments’ nozzles.
2. SCOPE
This specification defines the minimum requirements for forces and moments resulting
from external pipework in accordance with design codes, to be required in the design process of
equipment.
The Supplier shall note that the forces and moments used in the design of his equipment
must be equal or greater than those referenced in this standard. To ensure that his bid gets
evaluated, the Supplier shall confirm during quotation compliance with the forces and moments
stated in this specification.
3. RESPONSIBILITY
The Piping Department Manager is the person responsible for the contents of this
procedure and for verifying its compliance.
4. TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION FOR REFERENCE
4.1. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
ASME B31.3: “Process Piping”.

ASME sec. VIII, Division 1 and 2: “Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels”.
ASME B16.5 Steel Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
ASME B31.8 “Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems”
4.2. AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE (API)
API 537: Flare details for General Refinery and Petrochemical Service.
API 560: Fired Heaters for General Refinery Services.
API 610: Centrifugal Pumps for Petroleum, Petrochemical and Natural Gas
Industries.
API 611: General-purpose Steam Turbines for Petroleum, Chemical, and Gas
Industry Services.
API 612: Petroleum, Petrochemical and Natural Gas Industries—Steam Turbines—
Special-purpose Applications.
API 616: Gas Turbines for Petroleum, Chemical, and Gas Industry Services.
API 617: Axial and Centrifugal Compressors and Expander-compressors for
Petroleum, Chemical, and Gas Industry Services.
Department: 131
Code: L-TF-003-E-I
API 618: Reciprocating Compressors for Petroleum, Chemical and Gas Industry
Services.
API 619: Rotary-Type Positive-Displacement Compressors for Petroleum,
Petrochemical, and Natural Gas Industries.
API 650: Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage.
API 660: Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers.
API 661: Air Cooled Heat Exchangers for General Refinery Services.
API 662: Plate Heat Exchangers for General Refinery Services.
API 672: Packaged, Integrally Geared Centrifugal Air Compressors for Petroleum,
Chemical, and Gas Industry Services.
API 676 Positive Displacement Pumps – Rotary.
API RP 686: Recommended Practices for Machinery Installation and Installation Design.
4.3. WELDING RESEARCH COUNCIL
WRC BULLETIN 107: Local Stresses in Spherical and Cylindrical Shells due to External
loadings” Supplement WRC 297
WRC BULLETIN 297: Local Stresses in Cylindrical Shells due to External Loadings on
Nozzles.
4.4. NATIONAL ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION
NEMA SM 23: “Steam Turbines for Mechanical Drive Service”.
4.5. OTHER INTERNATIONAL REFERENCE CODES
TEMA Standards of the Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association

OCIMF 3th Ed.1999 Design and Construction Specification for Marine Loading Arms
Department: 131
Code: L-TF-003-E-I
5. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
Forces and moments transmitted by piping to the equipment shall be calculated

considering operating conditions (both temperature and pressure). Allowable loads expressed in
this specification shall be considered for these normal conditions unless other conditions
specified.
For other load combinations including any occasional load (wind, seismic, relief valve
discharge force, water hammer or temporary excursions above normal operating conditions), all
the allowable values and criteria established along this specification shall be multiplied by a
correction factor of 2 unless otherwise stated.
6. VESSELS, SHELL/TUBE HEAT EXCHANGERS AND VAPORIZERS
This section defines the minimum allowable piping forces and moments acting on nozzles
of process vessels (i.e. columns, drums, etc.), shell and tube heat exchangers, vaporizers and
terminal connections of packaged units, interconnected with piping designed by INITEC
PLANTAS INDUSTRIALES S.A.U.
The forces and moment defined in table 1 shall be considered acting simultaneously with
the design condition.
the forces and moments shall be multiplied by a correction factor of 2.
Vendor shall calculate the stresses in vessels and nozzle neck due to loads transmitted
by piping using any method recognized by applicable Design Code; for instance WRC 107, WRC
197, BS-5500 or EN 13445 Part.3. The limits of calculated stresses shall be as per Design Code.
Stress analysis by finite element calculations (FEA) may be used instead of recognized
methods or when due to nozzle attachment, configuration, etc, recognized methods cannot be
used (out of methods scope).
Department: 131
Code: L-TF-003-E-I
NOMENCLATURE:
Forces Moments
FL = Longitudinal ML = Longitudinal
FA = Axial MT = Torsional
FC = Circumferential MC = Circumferential
For spheres and heads:

Resultant shear force: Resultant bending moment
F=e FL2 + FC2 M=e ML2 + MC2
Note:
All forces and moments are acting on the intersection of
the nozzles axis with the mid thickness of the vessel
shell or head plates.
VESSELS, SHELL / TUBE HEAT EXCHANGERS AND VAPORIZERS.
TABLE 1. ALLOWABLE FORCES & MOMENTS
Forces kN Moments kN·m

Nozzle Size " FL FA FC MC MT ML
2 2,6 2,6 2,0 0,3 0,4 0,3
3 3,9 3,9 2,9 0,6 0,9 0,8
4 5,2 5,2 3,9 1,0 1,6 1,4
6 7,8 7,8 5,9 2,3 3,5 3,0
8 10,4 10,4 7,8 4,2 6,2 5,4
10 13,0 13,0 9,8 6,5 9,8 8,5
150# FLANGE RATING
12 15,6 15,6 11,7 9,4 14,0 12,2

14 18,2 18,2 13,7 12,7 19,1 16,6
16 20,8 20,8 15,6 16,6 25,0 21,6
18 23,4 23,4 17,6 21,1 31,6 27,4
20 26,0 26,0 19,5 26,0 39,0 33,8
24 31,2 31,2 23,4 37,4 56,2 48,7
26 33,8 33,8 25,4 43,9 65,9 57,1
28 36,4 36,4 27,3 51,0 76,4 66,2
30 39,0 39,0 29,3 58,5 87,8 76,1
32 41,6 41,6 31,2 66,6 99,8 86,5
34 44,2 44,2 33,2 75,1 112,7 97,7
36 46,8 46,8 35,1 84,2 126,4 109,5
Department: 131
Code: L-TF-003-E-I

2 2.8 2.8 2,0 0.33 0,4 0.33
3 4.2 4.2 2,9 0.63 0,9 0.82
4 5.6 5.6 3,9 1.12 1,6 1.46
6 8.4 8.4 5,9 2.52 3,5 3.28
8 11.2 11.2 7,8 4.48 6,2 5.82
10 14 14 9,8 7 9,8 9.1
300# FLANGE RATING
12 16.8 16.8 11,7 10.08 14,0 13.1

14 19.6 19.6 13,7 13.72 19,1 17.84
16 22.4 22.4 15,6 17.92 25,0 23.3
18 25.2 25.2 17,6 22.68 31,6 29.48
20 28 28 19,5 28 39,0 36.4
24 33.6 33.6 23,4 40.32 56,2 52.42
26 36.4 36.4 25,4 47.32 65,9 61.52
28 39.2 39.2 27,3 54.88 76,4 71.34
30 42 42 29,3 63 87,8 81.9
32 44.8 44.8 31,2 71.68 99,8 93.18
34 47.6 47.6 33,2 80.92 112,7 105.2
36 50.4 50.4 35,1 90.72 126,4 117.94

2 3,2 3,2 2,4 0,3 0,5 0,4
3 4,8 4,8 3,6 0,7 1,1 0,94
4 6,4 6,4 4,8 1,3 1,9 1,7
6 9,6 9,6 7,2 2,9 4,3 3,7
8 12,8 12,8 9,6 5,1 7,7 6,7
10 16,0 16,0 12,0 8,0 12,0 10,4
600# FLANGE RATING
12 19,2 19,2 14,4 11,5 17,3 15,0

14 22,4 22,4 16,8 15,7 23,5 20,4
16 25,6 25,6 19,2 20,5 30,7 26,6
18 28,8 28,8 21,6 25,9 38,9 33,7
20 32,0 32,0 24,0 32,0 48,0 41,6
24 38,4 38,4 28,8 46,1 69,1 59,9
26 41,6 41,6 31,2 54,1 81,1 70,3
28 44,8 44,8 33,6 62,7 94,1 81,5
30 48,0 48,0 36,0 72,0 108,0 93,6
32 51,2 51,2 38,4 81,9 122,9 106,5
34 54,4 54,4 40,8 92,5 138,7 120,2
36 57,6 57,6 43,2 103,7 155,5 134,8
Department: 131
Code: L-TF-003-E-I

2 3,6 3,6 2,7 0,4 0,5 0,5
3 5,4 5,4 4,1 0,8 1,2 1,1
4 7,2 7,2 5,4 1,4 2,2 1,9
6 10,8 10,8 8,1 3,2 4,9 4,2
8 14,4 14,4 10,8 5,8 8,6 7,5
10 18,0 18,0 13,5 9,0 13,5 11,7
900# FLANGE RATING
12 21,6 21,6 16,2 13,0 19,4 16,8

14 25,2 25,2 18,9 17,6 26,5 22,9
16 28,8 28,8 21,6 23,0 34,6 30,0
18 32,4 32,4 24,3 29,2 43,7 37,9
20 36,0 36,0 27,0 36,0 54,0 46,8
24 43,2 43,2 32,4 51,8 77,8 67,4
26 46,8 46,8 35,1 60,8 91,3 79,1
28 50,4 50,4 37,8 70,6 105,8 91,7
30 54,0 54,0 40,5 81,0 121,5 105,3
32 57,6 57,6 43,2 92,2 138,2 119,8
34 61,2 61,2 45,9 104,0 156,1 135,3
36 64,8 64,8 48,6 116,6 175,0 151,6

2 4,0 4,0 3,0 0,4 0,6 0,5
3 6,0 6,0 4,5 0,9 1,4 1,2
4 8,0 8,0 6,0 1,6 2,4 2,1
6 12,0 12,0 9,0 3,6 5,4 4,7
8 16,0 16,0 12,0 6,4 9,6 8,3
10 20,0 20,0 15,0 10,0 15,0 13,0
1500# FLANGE RATING
12 24,0 24,0 18,0 14,4 21,6 18,7

14 28,0 28,0 21,0 19,6 29,4 25,5
16 32,0 32,0 24,0 25,6 38,4 33,3
18 36,0 36,0 27,0 32,4 48,6 42,1
20 40,0 40,0 30,0 40,0 60,0 52,0
24 48,0 48,0 36,0 57,6 86,4 74,9
26 52,0 52,0 39,0 67,6 101,4 87,9
28 56,0 56,0 42,0 78,4 117,6 101,9
30 60,0 60,0 45,0 90,0 135,0 117,0
32 64,0 64,0 48,0 102,4 153,6 133,1
34 68,0 68,0 51,0 115,6 173,4 150,3
36 72,0 72,0 54,0 129,6 194,4 168,5
Department: 131
Code: L-TF-003-E-I

2 4.40 4.40 3.30 0.44 0.66 0.55
3 6.60 6.60 4.95 0.99 1.49 1.29
4 8.80 8.80 6.60 1.76 2.64 2.29
6 13.20 13.20 9.90 3.96 5.94 5.15
8 17.60 17.60 13.20 7.04 10.56 9.15
10 22.00 22.00 16.50 11.00 16.50 14.30
2500# FLANGE RATING
12 26.40 26.40 19.80 15.84 23.76 20.59

14 30.80 30.80 23.10 21.56 32.34 28.03
16 35.20 35.20 26.40 28.16 42.24 36.61
18 39.60 39.60 29.70 35.64 53.46 46.33
20 44.00 44.00 33.00 44.00 66.00 57.20
24 52.80 52.80 39.60 63.36 95.04 82.37
26 57.20 57.20 42.90 74.36 111.54 96.67
28 61.60 61.60 46.20 86.24 129.36 112.06
30 66.00 66.00 49.50 99.00 148.50 128.67
32 70.40 70.40 52.80 112.64 168.96 146.37
34 74.80 74.80 56.10 127.16 190.74 165.29
36 79.20 79.20 59.40 142.56 213.84 185.31
7. FIRED HEATER / FURNACES
Allowable forces and moments acting on fixed process nozzles shall be 5 times the forces
and moments listed in API 560 Table 6; 5 times Table 8 values in case of manifolds.
Nozzle displacements shall be in accordance with Table 7; Table 9 in case of manifolds.
Values for axial displacements to be defined by heater vendor shall be as minimum as possible.
Final displacements shall be subject to agreement between INITEC PLANTAS INDUSTRIALES
S.A.U. and the Supplier.
If fire heater is a packaged unit, it shall be provided with a fixed manifold. Loads
transmitted from the piping system to the anchor shall be given to the vendor for taking into
account the structure design. Vendor shall guarantee that loads and pipe stresses are under
allowable values from the anchor to the heater.
Department: 131
Code: L-TF-003-E-I
8. AIR COOLERS
8.1. ALLOWABLE LOADS FOR NOZZLES
Allowable forces and moments acting on air-cooled exchanger header nozzles (rating ≤
300 #) shall be 2 x those specified in TABLE 4 of API 661 Last Edition as a minimum. Actual
forces and moments shall be stated on the Supplier's drawings.
On air-cooled exchangers rated higher than 300# the allowable forces and moments shall
be 3 x those specified in TABLE 4 of API 661 Last Edition as a minimum, with a correction factor
of 2 for occasional loads.
8.2. ALLOWABLE LOADS FOR HEADERS
The components of the nozzle loadings on a single header shall not exceed the values
specified below:
- For DNeq. < 8”, allowable loads shall be those specified in paragraph 7.1.10.2 of API661
Last Edition.
- For pipes DNeq. ≥ 8”, allowable loads shall be 2 x those specified in paragraph 7.1.10.2
of API 661 Last Edition.
For air-cooled exchangers rated higher than 300#, the components of the nozzle loadings
on a single header shall not exceed the values specified below:
- For DNeq. < 8”, allowable loads shall be those specified in paragraph 7.1.10.2 of API661
Last Edition.
- For DNeq. ≥ 8”, allowable loads shall be 3 x those specified in paragraph 7.1.10.2 of API
661 Last Edition
DNeq is defined as followed:
DNeq= ∑DNi/i
Where:
DNi = DN of each nozzle installed in the header

i = number of nozzles installed in the header
8.3. ALLOWABLE LOADS FOR MULTI BUNDLE BAY
For multi bundle bay, allowable forces and moments shall be 3 x those specified in
paragraph 8.2 of this document.
Department: 131
Code: L-TF-003-E-I
The vendor shall make provision for lateral movement of exchanger tube bundles of 12.7
mm (½”) as a minimum and at least in one direction. It should be noted that this minimum
clearance required by API 661 may be insufficient; final value for clearance and required
direction shall be validated by piping stress engineer and subject to agreement between INITEC
PLANTAS INDUSTRIALES S.A.U. and the Supplier.
9. PLATE HEAT EXCHANGERS
Allowable forces and moments acting on all plate heat exchanger nozzles shall be those
specified in API-662-Part 1 Last Edition Table 2 “Severe-service nozzle loading”.
For Brazed Aluminum Plate-fin Heat Exchangers, allowable forces and moments shall be
twice those specified in API-662-Part 2 Last Edition Table 1 “Resultant forces and moments
allowable at nozzle-to-header intersection”.
10. FLARE STACKS
Allowable forces and moments acting on flare nozzles shall be 3 times API ST 537 2008,
(Section 5.1, point g- Nozzle Loads.) as a minimum.
11. TURBINES
Allowable forces and moments acting on steam turbine nozzles shall be 3 times NEMA
SM23.
For gas turbines, manufacturer allowable loads and/or calculation method shall be
indicated in turbine drawings and documentation, and they shall be expressly accepted by
INITEC PLANTAS INDUSTRIAS S.A.U.
Department: 131
Code: L-TF-003-E-I
12. PUMPS
Centrifugal and Vertical in-line pumps:
Large vertical pumps furnished with casing foot-mounts shall be supported on suitable
foundations.
Vertical pumps and centrifugal API, single stage, centerline mounted, two points support
pumps shall have as a minimum the allowable loads as published in API Standard 610 , –Table
4, with the factors indicated below:
ALLOWABLE LOADS FOR CENTRIFUGAL AND VERTICAL IN‐LINE PUMPS

Temperature 150# 300# 600‐900# 1500‐2500#
< ‐46°C 2 x API 610 2 x API 610 3 x API 610 3 x API 610
‐46°C to 150°C 1 x API 610 2 x API 610 2 x API 610 3 x API 610
150°C to 350°C 2 x API 610 2 x API 610 3 x API 610 3 x API 610
> 350°C 2 x API 610 2 x API 610 3 x API 610 4 x API 610
Positive displacement pumps rotary:
Positive displacement pumps rotary shall have as a minimum the allowable loads as
published in API Standard 676 , –Table 2, with the factors indicated below:
ALLOWABLE LOADS FOR POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPS

Temperature 150# 300# 600‐900# 1500‐2500#
< ‐46°C 2 x API 676 2 x API 676 3 x API 676 3 x API 676
‐46°C to 150°C 1 x API 676 2 x API 676 2 x API 676 3 x API 676
150°C to 350°C 2 x API 676 2 x API 676 3 x API 676 3 x API 676
> 350°C 2 x API 676 2 x API 676 3 x API 676 4 x API 676
For pumps with connection sizes not indicated in table 2, allowable forces and moments
shall be calculated as defined in API 676 chapter 6.7.1. and with the factor indicated above for
each ratting and temperature.
Values for non API pumps, shall be 2x times loads as published in API Standard 610 , –
Table 4, for each corresponding ratting and nominal diameter, with a correction factor of 2 for
occasional loads.
For stand-by pumps, the allowable loads shall be 1.3 times the tabulated values.
Department: 131
Code: L-TF-003-E-I
13. COMPRESSORS
Allowable forces and moments acting on process nozzles of Centrifugal, Reciprocating,

Air and Rotary Compressors shall be as defined in API 617 APPENDIX G, with the factor
indicated below:
RATING NOZZLE SIZE FORCES & MOMENTS COMPRESSORS
2” to 8” NB 1.5 times API 617

150# / 300#
10” to 20” NB 2.5 times API 617
All forces and moments for 150# and 300# rating Reciprocating Compressors
600#
multiplied by a factor of 1.4
All forces and moments for 150# and 300# rating

900#
multiplied by a factor of 2.0
Centrifugal Compressors
3 times API 617
Air Compressors
Rotary Positive
1.5 times API 619
Displacement Compressors
14. STORAGE TANKS
Allowable nozzle loads shall be calculated in accordance with API-650 criteria.

15. GNL STORAGE TANKS
Loads acting on pump well connections shall be calculated in accordance with criteria
given in chapter 6. “Vessel and Shell and Tube Exchangers”.
Department: 131
Code: L-TF-003-E-I
16. PIG LAUNCHER/RECEIVER
Pig launcher and receiver terminals shall be designed in order to ensure compliance with
ASME B31.8 code.
17. MARINE LOADING ARMS, MLA DOCK PIPING CONNECTIONS
Marine loadings arms shall be designed and calculated as described in “Design and
Construction Specification for Marine Loading Arms” – OCIMF ed.1999.
Value of the design equivalent load ( PCA ), calculation method for allowable loads and
pipe dimensions up to the fix connections shall be indicated in drawings and documentation and
shall be specifically accepted by INITEC PLANTAS INDUSTRIALES S.A.U.
18. PACKAGED UNITS
For packaged units the Supplier shall ensure that the forces and moments defined in this
specification can be tolerated on the equipment process. This requirement applies to all
equipment nozzles within the package.
Allowable loads at terminal flanged connections with piping designed by INITEC
PLANTAS INDUSTRIALES S.A.U. shall be indicated; forces and moments shall be in
accordance with chapter 6. “Vessel and Shell and Tube Exchangers”.
Department: 131
Code: L-TF-003-E-I
19. PIPING ALIGNMENT REQUIREMENTS
Compressor and rotary Machinery piping design and installation shall be executed
according to API RECOMMENDED PREACTISE 686 “Recommended Practice for Machinery
Installation and Installation Design – Chapter 6: PIPING”.
Prior to checking final piping alignment to the machinery the piping system shall be
complete, in compliance with API section 4.5 “Design Verification”. All temporary supports shall
be removed, all permanent supports installed and adjusted and springs locked at the cold load
setting, as detailed described in paragraphs 4.5.1 through 4.5.7.
Alignment tolerances for flanges of connecting pipes shall be as described in API-686,
paragraphs 4.6.2, 4.6.3 and 4.6.4.
Piping final alignment for connections to compressors and rotary machinery shall be
executed, if necessary, as shown in chapter 4.7 “Piping Alignment” and Annex D “Field relief of
Pipe Strain”:
“Accepted methods for achieving piping alignment includes shimming supports, adjust spring
hangers tie-rod turnbuckles, retorquing flanges, installing piping supports spacers, selectively
heating one side of the pipe, ring heating, cutting and rewelding or completely refabricating the
piping.”

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Department: 131

PIPING LOADS ON EQUIPMENT NOZZLES. SPECIFICATION FOR VENDORS

4. TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION FOR REFERENCE ................................................. 4

4.1. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ............................................................................. 4

4.2. AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE (API) ............................................................... 4

4.3. WELDING RESEARCH COUNCIL ................................................................................... 5

4.4. NATIONAL ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION .............................. 5

4.5. OTHER INTERNATIONAL REFERENCE CODES ........................................................ 5

5. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS ........................................................................................ 6

6. VESSELS, SHELL/TUBE HEAT EXCHANGERS AND VAPORIZERS ....................... 6

7. FIRED HEATER / FURNACES ........................................................................................ 10

8.1. ALLOWABLE LOADS FOR NOZZLES ........................................................................ 11

8.2. ALLOWABLE LOADS FOR HEADERS ......................................................................... 11

8.3. ALLOWABLE LOADS FOR MULTI BUNDLE BAY .................................................... 11

9. PLATE HEAT EXCHANGERS ......................................................................................... 12

10. FLARE STACKS ................................................................................................................. 12

11. TURBINES ........................................................................................................................... 12

13. COMPRESSORS ................................................................................................................. 14

14. STORAGE TANKS ............................................................................................................. 14

15. GNL STORAGE TANKS.................................................................................................... 14

16. PIG LAUNCHER/RECEIVER .......................................................................................... 15

17. MARINE LOADING ARMS, MLA DOCK PIPING CONNECTIONS ........................ 15

PIPING LOADS ON EQUIPMENT NOZZLES. SPECIFICATION FOR VENDORS

18. PACKAGED UNITS ........................................................................................................... 15

19. PIPING ALIGNMENT REQUIREMENTS ...................................................................... 16

PIPING LOADS ON EQUIPMENT NOZZLES. SPECIFICATION FOR VENDORS

Establish the minimum required piping loads on equipments’ nozzles.

4. TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION FOR REFERENCE

4.1. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

ASME B31.3: “Process Piping”.

4.2. AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE (API)

PIPING LOADS ON EQUIPMENT NOZZLES. SPECIFICATION FOR VENDORS

4.3. WELDING RESEARCH COUNCIL

4.4. NATIONAL ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION

NEMA SM 23: “Steam Turbines for Mechanical Drive Service”.

4.5. OTHER INTERNATIONAL REFERENCE CODES

TEMA Standards of the Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association

PIPING LOADS ON EQUIPMENT NOZZLES. SPECIFICATION FOR VENDORS

Forces and moments transmitted by piping to the equipment shall be calculated

6. VESSELS, SHELL/TUBE HEAT EXCHANGERS AND VAPORIZERS

PIPING LOADS ON EQUIPMENT NOZZLES. SPECIFICATION FOR VENDORS

For spheres and heads:

F=e FL2 + FC2 M=e ML2 + MC2

VESSELS, SHELL / TUBE HEAT EXCHANGERS AND VAPORIZERS.

TABLE 1. ALLOWABLE FORCES & MOMENTS

Forces kN Moments kN·m

12 15,6 15,6 11,7 9,4 14,0 12,2

PIPING LOADS ON EQUIPMENT NOZZLES. SPECIFICATION FOR VENDORS

Forces kN Moments kN·m

12 16.8 16.8 11,7 10.08 14,0 13.1

Forces kN Moments kN·m

12 19,2 19,2 14,4 11,5 17,3 15,0

PIPING LOADS ON EQUIPMENT NOZZLES. SPECIFICATION FOR VENDORS

Forces kN Moments kN·m

12 21,6 21,6 16,2 13,0 19,4 16,8

Forces kN Moments kN·m

12 24,0 24,0 18,0 14,4 21,6 18,7

PIPING LOADS ON EQUIPMENT NOZZLES. SPECIFICATION FOR VENDORS

Forces kN Moments kN·m

12 26.40 26.40 19.80 15.84 23.76 20.59

7. FIRED HEATER / FURNACES

PIPING LOADS ON EQUIPMENT NOZZLES. SPECIFICATION FOR VENDORS