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Structures: Chaontinmen bridge analysis

A bridge is a structure carrying a pathway, roadway or railway across the river, valley or

any obstacle. The purpose is to connect two places. The designs of the bridges depend on the

type of terrain they are built, the material used to construct it and the financial resources

available for it. The Chaotianmen River Bridge is located 1km downstream of Chongqing

Chaotianmen Square, crossing the Yangtze River, and it is a large bridge connecting the north

bank and south bank. The main bridge is a half-through continuous steel truss arch bridge,

providing double decks for highway and railway. Chaotianmen Bridge is the longest arch bridge

in China today and also in the world. The bridge is located in Chongqing City, has a total length

of 1741m. The bridge has double decks, of which the 36.5m upper deck has dual three-lane

motor ways and sidewalks on both sides, and the lower carries two lanes of municipal light

railways and two lanes on either side. The main bridge adopts a cantilever steel truss arch with a

span arrangement of 190+552+190m (Zhang).

Structural Layout

Considering the two-way navigable condition of navigable hole, the bridge adopts three

span continuous steel truss tied arch bridge, the middle main span is navigable, and the side

spans on both sides are not navigable; the main girder adopts two main trusses, the side spans on

both sides are variable height truss, and the middle span is steel truss tied arch. The upper tie bar

adopts "H" section, and the lower tie bar adopts "H" section. The main bridge is a composite
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structure of "King" shaped section and auxiliary tether. The end of steel structure tie bar is

connected with the lower chord node of arch rib, and the lower auxiliary tether is anchored at the

tie bar end node. The purpose of setting the auxiliary tether is to reduce the tie bar force of the

lower steel structure, control the design size and plate thickness within the appropriate range, and

reduce the steel consumption. Chongqing Chaotianmen Bridge is a three-span continuous bridge

system. The main span is 552m with the truss arch loading characteristic at the middle of 488m.

The distance between the top of the arch and the support at the central span is 142m as shown.

The yield strength σs of steel is adopted according to National Standard. The design

safety coefficient K = 1,7 and the allowable stresses [σ]=σs/K according to different thickness.

The force in the main truss rods on the steel truss girder (arch) has the significant difference

during the construction and service state. In order to make sure of the structure safety, the high

strength steel was used to reduce the cross section of the truss rod, as well as the different cross

section (changed height, 2 different width) of the truss rod was used based on the loading. The

assemble nodes were used except the nodes at the middle support to reduce the fabrication

difficulty and the cost. The double-level truss balance along with the bridge thrust was used at

the main span to simplify the load transfer between the truss components. The double-level truss

consisted of steel plates. The change of the part level theory linear system was used to resolve

the secondary stress in the truss. The pin support (14500t, largest pin support in the world) was

used at the main truss nodes. Orthotropic steel bridge decks were used at the upper and the lower

bridge level, while the parts of the deck were connected by truss. Considering the two-way
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navigable condition of navigable hole, the bridge adopts three span continuous steel truss tied

arch bridge, the middle main span is navigable, and the side spans on both sides are not

navigable. The main truss of Chaotianmen Bridge is connected by 10.9s M30 high strength big

hexagonal head bolts, and the connection system and deck system are connected by 10.9s M24

high strength big hexagonal head bolts.

Foundation System

According to the project background, considering reliability and economy of the

construction as well as reducing the construction risk, the installation of the cantilever to the

mid-span of chosen. After the closure of the truss arch, the temporary truss was setup at the

suitable location at middle span to form truss arch system. At last, the steel truss was closure at

the middle span.

Conclusion

Please note that short papers containing up to 5 pages do not require a “Conclusion”

header, as well as other headers mentioned in the template, unless they are required in the

instructions. Also, there is no page brake between the last two paragraphs, i.e. conclusion should

not be presented on a separate page. It should restate the thesis statement, summarize the key

ideas presented in the paper, contain no new or outside information, and approximately take 10%

of the required word count.

For more information concerning in-text citations of sources containing more than two

authors, other types of references, as well as detailed MLA formatting style requirements please

visit:
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https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/mla_style/mla_formatting_and_style_guide/

mla_general_format.html
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Works Cited

Pears, Richard, and Graham J. Shields. Cite them right: the essential referencing guide. Palgrave

Macmillan, 2016.

"Research Guides: MLA Citation Style Guide: 8th Edition: In-Text

Citations". Libguides.Wvu.Edu, 2018, https://libguides.wvu.edu/c.php?

g=486188&p=3325207. Accessed 12 Feb 2019.