SOAL ULANGAN UMUM

BAHASA INGGRIS TINGKAT LANJUT

KELAS 12

Being an Olympic Host Country

Being chosen as a host country for the Olympic Games can have both positive and negative impacts. Let's
take a closer look at the good and bad effects of hosting the Olympics.

One of the major benefits of hosting the Olympics is the boost in tourism. When a country hosts the
Games, it attracts visitors from all over the world, which can have a positive impact on the local
economy. For example, during the 2016 Rio de Janeiro Summer Games, Brazil saw a record-breaking
number of foreign tourists and a significant increase in tourism revenue. Similarly, after the 2012 London
Summer Olympics, England experienced a 12% increase in tourists and a 13% increase in tourist
spending. These numbers show that hosting the Olympics can bring in a substantial amount of money and
help stimulate the local economy.

However, there are also negative effects of hosting the Olympics, especially for the impoverished
communities in the host country. In order to build Olympic stadiums and other facilities, many people
living in poverty are forcibly relocated from their homes. For example, in Seoul in 1988, 720,000 people
were forcibly moved, and in Beijing in 2008, 1.5 million impoverished Chinese citizens were relocated.
This displacement can lead to a loss of homes and communities for those already struggling. Additionally,
hosting the Olympics requires a significant amount of taxpayer money for infrastructure and venue
construction. This can be frustrating for those in poverty, as the funds could have been used for other
important needs, such as education and healthcare.

Furthermore, hosting the Olympics can have an impact on a country's brand and reputation. Scandals and
controversies surrounding the Games can negatively affect how a country is perceived globally. For
example, the state-run athletic doping program in Russia during the 2014 Sochi Olympics tarnished the
country's reputation. These negative events can have long-lasting effects on a nation's image, which can
impact tourism, foreign trade, and foreign direct investment.

In conclusion, hosting the Olympic Games can have both positive and negative impacts. On one hand, it
can boost tourism and stimulate the local economy. On the other hand, it can lead to the displacement of
impoverished communities and have negative effects on a country's reputation. It is important for host
countries to carefully consider the potential benefits and drawbacks before committing to hosting the
Olympics.

1. What is one of the major benefits of hosting the Olympic Games?

2. Which city experienced a significant increase in tourist spending after hosting the 2012 Summer
Olympics?

3. What is a potential negative impact of hosting the Olympics on impoverished communities?

4. How can hosting the Olympics affect a country's brand and reputation?

5. In what year did the state-run athletic doping program in Russia tarnish the country's reputation
during the Olympics?

6. What is a potential long-term challenge faced by host cities in terms of Olympic facilities?
 Is vegetarian a good option?
Is a vegetarian diet a good option or not? Many people choose to become vegetarians for various reasons,
such as health, ethical concerns, or environmental sustainability. Research has shown that a well-planned
vegetarian diet can provide numerous health benefits and reduce the risk of chronic illnesses. However,
it's important to note that simply eliminating meat from your diet without proper planning may not be
beneficial.

A vegetarian diet can be nutritionally adequate and provide all the necessary nutrients if planned
appropriately. It's crucial to ensure that you consume a wide variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains,
and plant-based sources of protein, such as beans or tofu. Good fats, like those found in nuts, olive oil,
and canola oil, should replace saturated and trans fats. Portion control, reading food labels, and engaging
in regular physical activity are also important for maintaining a healthy weight.

Even if you don't want to become a complete vegetarian, you can still reap some of the health benefits by
adopting a more plant-based diet. For example, the Mediterranean eating pattern, which emphasizes plant
foods and limits meat consumption, has been associated with longer life and reduced risk of chronic
illnesses. Making simple substitutions, like incorporating plant-based sources of protein or choosing fish
instead of meat a few times a week, can help you move towards a more vegetarian diet.

It's worth noting that vegetarian diets may not be suitable for everyone. Some individuals may have
specific dietary needs or medical conditions that require a different approach. Consulting with a
healthcare professional or registered dietitian can help ensure that you meet your nutritional needs while
following a vegetarian diet.

In conclusion, a well-planned vegetarian diet can be a good option for many individuals, providing health
benefits and reducing the risk of chronic illnesses. However, it's important to plan your diet appropriately,
ensuring that you consume a variety of nutrient-rich foods and meet your nutritional needs. Whether you
choose to become a vegetarian or make small changes towards a more plant-based diet, it's essential to
prioritize your health and make informed decisions about your dietary choices.

1. Why do many people choose to become vegetarians?

2. What is emphasized in a well-planned vegetarian diet to ensure nutritional adequacy?
3. What is a key consideration for maintaining a healthy weight on a vegetarian diet?
4. Which eating pattern is associated with longer life and reduced risk of chronic illnesses?
5. What is suggested as a simple substitution for those not wanting to become complete vegetarians?
6. Why is it recommended to consult with a healthcare professional or registered dietitian before
adopting a vegetarian diet?

Is homework effective for students learning?

Homework is a topic that often sparks debate among students, teachers, and parents. Some argue that
homework is an effective tool for reinforcing learning and developing important skills, while others
believe it can be overwhelming and counterproductive. So, is homework really effective for students'
learning? Let's explore this question and consider different perspectives.

Multiple-choice test items, like the ones we often encounter in school, can be a versatile and reliable way
to measure students' cognitive abilities. They provide objective measurement of student achievement and
allow for a wide sampling of content or objectives. However, constructing multiple-choice items can be
difficult and time-consuming. It requires careful consideration of the stem, which is the question or
problem, and the response alternatives. The stem should be presented as a direct question, be clear and
concise, and eliminate any excessive information. The response alternatives should include a correct
answer and plausible distracters.

Media literacy education is another important aspect of student learning. It expands traditional literacy to
 include new forms of reading, writing, and communicating in the digital age. Media literacy empowers
students to be critical thinkers and makers, effective communicators, and active citizens. It helps them
think critically about the media they consume and create, enabling them to spot stereotypes, identify bias,
and analyze different forms of communication. By integrating media literacy education into lessons,
teachers can help students develop important skills for navigating the media landscape.

Scaffolding strategies can also be used to support student learning. Scaffolding involves breaking up the
learning into manageable chunks and providing a structure or tool for each chunk. It helps students who
are struggling by providing additional support or modifying assignments to make them more accessible.
By scaffolding lessons, teachers can meet students where they are and help them progress to the next
level of learning with competent assistance. One effective scaffolding strategy is "show and tell," where
teachers demonstrate exactly what students are expected to do. This modeling approach can enhance
understanding and engagement.

In order to have effective discussions in the classroom, it is important to consider cognitive,

social/emotional, and physical factors. Cognitive factors include determining and communicating learning
objectives, asking good questions, and providing direction and focus. Social/emotional factors involve
demonstrating relevance, encouraging participation, and evaluating the discussion. Physical factors
include creating a setting conducive for discussion. By carefully planning and considering these factors,
teachers can create lively and productive discussions that enhance student motivation and critical thinking
skills.

In conclusion, the effectiveness of homework for student learning is a topic of ongoing debate. Multiple-
choice test items can be a versatile and reliable way to measure cognitive abilities, but they require
careful construction. Media literacy education helps students think critically about the media they
consume and create, expanding their literacy skills in the digital age. Scaffolding strategies and effective
discussions can also support student learning by breaking up the material into manageable chunks and
providing a structure for engagement. Ultimately, the effectiveness of homework and other learning
strategies may vary depending on individual students and their unique learning styles and needs.

1. What is one argument against the effectiveness of homework, as mentioned in the text?
2. According to the text, what is a key consideration in constructing effective multiple-choice test
items?
3. What is the primary focus of media literacy education, as discussed in the text?
4. What is a key aspect of scaffolding strategies, according to the text?
5. What is an effective scaffolding strategy mentioned in the text?
6. According to the text, what is crucial for effective classroom discussions?

The conversion of fossil fuel car or motorbike to

electric car or motorbike in Indonesia
The conversion of fossil fuel cars or motorbikes to electric vehicles has become a prominent topic of
discussion in Indonesia. This issue revolves around the idea of transitioning from traditional combustion
engines to electric-powered vehicles, aiming to reduce carbon emissions and combat the environmental
challenges posed by fossil fuels. While proponents argue that this conversion would lead to a greener and
more sustainable future, opponents raise concerns regarding the feasibility and economic implications of
such a transition.

Proponents of converting fossil fuel vehicles to electric vehicles highlight the environmental benefits as a
primary reason for this shift. Indonesia, being one of the largest carbon emitters in the world, faces
significant challenges in mitigating climate change. Electric vehicles produce zero tailpipe emissions,
reducing air pollution and improving air quality. This transition would contribute to Indonesia's
commitment to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and meeting international climate targets.

Furthermore, proponents argue that electric vehicles offer long-term cost savings. Although the initial
investment for electric vehicles is higher, the operational costs are significantly lower compared to
 traditional vehicles. Electric vehicles require less maintenance, as they have fewer moving parts and do
not require regular oil changes or engine tune-ups. Additionally, the cost of electricity is generally lower
than the cost of gasoline, resulting in reduced fuel expenses for electric vehicle owners.

On the other hand, opponents of converting fossil fuel vehicles to electric vehicles raise concerns about
the feasibility and economic implications of such a transition. One of the primary concerns is the lack of
infrastructure to support electric vehicles. Indonesia currently has limited charging stations, making it
challenging for electric vehicle owners to find convenient places to recharge their vehicles. The
development of a comprehensive charging infrastructure would require significant investments and time.

Moreover, opponents argue that the conversion process itself may not be economically viable for many
vehicle owners. The cost of converting a fossil fuel vehicle to an electric vehicle can be substantial,
especially for older models. Additionally, the availability of skilled technicians and spare parts for electric
vehicles may be limited, further increasing the cost and complexity of the conversion process.

In conclusion, the conversion of fossil fuel cars or motorbikes to electric vehicles in Indonesia presents
both advantages and challenges. While proponents emphasize the environmental benefits and long-term
cost savings, opponents raise concerns about the feasibility and economic implications. To successfully
transition to electric vehicles, Indonesia needs to invest in developing a robust charging infrastructure and
provide incentives for vehicle owners to make the switch. Additionally, the government should focus on
promoting the production and availability of affordable electric vehicles in the market. By addressing
these challenges, Indonesia can pave the way for a greener and more sustainable transportation sector,
contributing to global efforts in combating climate change.

1. What is the primary environmental concern addressed by proponents of converting fossil fuel
vehicles to electric vehicles in Indonesia?
2. Why do proponents argue that electric vehicles offer long-term cost savings?
3. What is a primary concern raised by opponents regarding the conversion of fossil fuel vehicles to
electric vehicles in Indonesia?
4. Why do opponents argue that the conversion process may not be economically viable for many
vehicle owners?
5. What is identified as a significant challenge in the development of a comprehensive charging
infrastructure for electric vehicles in Indonesia?
6. What is suggested as a key action for the successful transition to electric vehicles in Indonesia,
according to the conclusion?

Students should be required to wear uniform to

school
Students should be required to wear school uniforms. School uniforms have a long history, dating back to
1222 in England when the Archbishop of Canterbury mandated that students wear a robe-like outfit called
the "cappa clausa". In the United States, the percentage of public schools requiring uniforms has
increased from 12% in 1999-2000 to 20% in 2017-18. Proponents of school uniforms argue that they
deter crime and increase student safety. In Long Beach, California, reports of assault and battery in
schools decreased significantly after implementing a uniform policy. School uniforms also make it easier
to identify intruders on campus and prevent students from concealing weapons. Additionally, uniforms
promote a sense of togetherness and equality among students, regardless of their socioeconomic
background.

However, there are also arguments against school uniforms. Some argue that they violate a student's right
to freedom of expression. Others believe that uniforms are simply a Band-Aid solution to school violence
and do not address the root causes. There are concerns that uniforms may make students a target for
bullies from other schools. Financial burden is another issue, as some families struggle to afford uniforms
in addition to regular clothing expenses. Despite these concerns, studies have shown that school uniforms
can have a positive impact on academic achievement and overall classroom behavior. In some Ohio high
schools, uniforms were found to improve graduation and attendance rates.
 In conclusion, while the debate over school uniforms continues, there are valid arguments in favor of
requiring students to wear them. School uniforms can contribute to a safer and more inclusive school
environment. They promote a sense of equality among students and can have a positive impact on
academic performance. However, it is important to consider the concerns raised by opponents of school
uniforms, such as the potential infringement on freedom of expression and the financial burden they may
impose on families. Ultimately, the decision to implement a uniform policy should be made with careful
consideration of the specific needs and circumstances of each school community.

1. What historical event in England is mentioned as a starting point for school uniforms?
2. According to the text, what positive impact do proponents claim school uniforms have on student
safety?
3. What is a concern raised by opponents regarding the implementation of school uniforms?
4. What argument against school uniforms is mentioned in the text as a Band-Aid solution to school
violence?
5. According to the text, what positive impact did uniforms have in some Ohio high schools?
6. What does the conclusion emphasize about the debate over school uniforms?

Should We Allow Students to Color Their Hair?

Expressing oneself through appearance is an important part of student life. It boosts confidence and
allows individuals to showcase their unique personalities. However, some schools have strict rules against
students coloring their hair in unconventional colors. These schools argue that brightly colored hair is a
distraction in the learning environment. But is this really the case?

The idea that colored hair is a distraction seems exaggerated. If hair color can be considered a distraction,
then why not ban all hair altogether? It's important to remember that distractions are bound to happen, and
we can't police other people's thoughts. In fact, seeing someone with cool colored hair might just lead to a
compliment or a friendly discussion, which can actually enhance social interactions. Students like Moe
Wheat even believe that colored hair helps them express their true selves and make friends with others
who share their love for unique hair colors.

Allowing students to dye their hair any color they want promotes confidence and individuality, which are
important qualities to have in life. Colored hair is not a hindrance to academic performance, as there is no
scientific study that correlates hair color with learning abilities. Moreover, dyeing one's hair can boost
self-confidence and help students feel good about themselves, which can positively impact their
emotional well-being. It's a form of self-expression that should be embraced, rather than restricted.

In conclusion, schools should reconsider their policies on colored hair. It's a harmless way for students to
express themselves and boost their confidence. Colored hair does not hinder academic performance, and
it should not be seen as a distraction. Instead, schools should support their students' individuality and
encourage a positive and inclusive learning environment. After all, allowing students to freely express
themselves through their appearance can contribute to a more vibrant and exciting place to learn.

1. What historical event in England is mentioned as a starting point for school uniforms?
2. According to the text, what positive impact do proponents claim school uniforms have on student
safety?
3. What is a concern raised by opponents regarding the implementation of school uniforms?
4. What argument against school uniforms is mentioned in the text as a Band-Aid solution to school
violence?
5. According to the text, what positive impact did uniforms have in some Ohio high schools?
6. What does the conclusion emphasize about the debate over school uniforms?

BALI AGAINST THE RELEASE OF WOLBACHIA-INFECTED MOSQUITOES

Bali, the picturesque Indonesian island known for its stunning beaches, vibrant culture, and lush
landscapes, has recently become a battleground for a controversial government plan. The plan involves
the release of mosquitoes infected with Wolbachia bacteria, a method aimed at reducing the population of
disease-carrying mosquitoes. However, this initiative has sparked a heated debate, with proponents and
opponents presenting compelling arguments regarding its potential benefits and risks.

Proponents of the government plan argue that the release of Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes could
effectively combat the spread of diseases such as dengue fever, Zika virus, and chikungunya. These
diseases have plagued Bali for years, causing significant health concerns and economic burdens. By
introducing Wolbachia bacteria into the mosquito population, it is believed that the ability of mosquitoes
to transmit these diseases will be greatly reduced. Proponents also highlight the success of similar
programs in other parts of the world, such as Australia and Brazil, where the incidence of dengue fever
has significantly decreased.

On the other hand, opponents of the government plan express concerns about the potential risks and
unintended consequences of releasing Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes. Some argue that the long-term
effects of introducing a foreign bacteria into the ecosystem are unknown and could have unforeseen
ecological impacts. Additionally, critics question the effectiveness of this method, citing the need for
further scientific research and evidence to support its claims. They argue that alternative approaches, such
as improved sanitation, education, and targeted mosquito control, should be prioritized instead.

In conclusion, the government plan to release Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes in Bali has ignited a
passionate debate. While proponents argue that this method could significantly reduce the transmission of
mosquito-borne diseases, opponents express concerns about potential risks and the need for further
research. Considering the severity of the health issues faced by Bali and the success of similar programs
in other countries, it may be worth cautiously exploring this approach. However, it is crucial to conduct
comprehensive scientific studies and closely monitor the ecological impacts to ensure the long-term
sustainability and effectiveness of this strategy.

1. What is the primary goal of the government plan involving the release
of Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes in Bali?
2. Which diseases are mentioned as targets for reduction through the
release of Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes?
3. Where have similar programs, involving the release of Wolbachia-
infected mosquitoes, shown success according to proponents?
4. What is one of the concerns expressed by opponents of the government
plan?
5. What alternative approaches do critics suggest should be prioritized
over the release of Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes?
6. What is the suggested cautious approach towards the government plan
in the conclusion?

BARBIE THE FEMINIST ICON

The newest Barbie movie has sparked a lot of discussion and debate among viewers.
Some people see Barbie as a feminist icon, while others have criticized the movie's
feminist messaging. The movie takes place in Barbieland, a women-centered utopia
where Barbies hold positions of power. This portrayal has been praised by some for
challenging gender norms, while others have called it overly woke. Director Greta
Gerwig has labeled the movie a feminist film, but Mattel executives have said the
opposite. The Barbie doll itself has been at the center of debate since its debut in 1959,
with criticism focused on its unrealistic body image and embrace of traditional gender
norms.
The Barbie movie, directed by Greta Gerwig, is visually stunning and technically
impressive. The attention to detail in the costume design and production design is
remarkable. The movie recreates various Barbies from throughout her history and brings
them to life with infectious energy. It is filled with laugh-out-loud moments and clever
pop culture references. However, some of the movie's best moments were already
revealed in the marketing campaign, leading to high anticipation. The basic plot
revolves around Barbie experiencing an existential crisis and traveling to the human
world to discover her true purpose. Along the way, she learns harsh truths and makes
new friends. The movie combines elements of fantasy and reality, reminiscent of "The
Truman Show" and "The LEGO Movie".
While the Barbie movie has received mixed reviews, it is undeniably a visually stunning
film. The production budget was sky-high, resulting in a color-coordinated and well-
designed world. The costume design team did extensive research to recreate the outfits
and styles of Barbie dolls throughout the years. The interaction between real actors and
the artificial plastic environment is fun to watch. However, the weakest part of the movie
is the storytelling. The trailer did not provide much information about the actual story,
and the movie's plot has been criticized for its heavy focus on women's power and
feminism, while also making fun of men in a negative way. The movie's problems are
more related to moviemaking than politics.
In conclusion, the newest Barbie movie has sparked a lot of discussion and debate
among viewers. Some see Barbie as a feminist icon, while others have criticized the
movie's feminist messaging. The movie is visually stunning and technically impressive,
with attention to detail in the costume and production design. However, the storytelling
has been criticized, with the trailer not providing much information about the actual
story. Despite the mixed reviews, the Barbie movie has become a box office
phenomenon, bringing in millions of dollars in its opening weekend. Whether Barbie is a
feminist icon or not, the movie has certainly made an impact and generated a lot of
conversation.

1. What is one of the main points of debate surrounding the newest Barbie
movie?

2. Who has labeled the Barbie movie as a feminist film?

3. What is the basic plot of the Barbie movie?

4. What aspect of the movie has been praised as visually stunning and
technically impressive?

5. What criticism does the movie face in terms of its storytelling?

6. Despite mixed reviews, what has the Barbie movie achieved?

Is Oppenheimer's Invention a Blessing or a Disaster?

The invention of nuclear weapons by J. Robert Oppenheimer during World War II has sparked a heated
debate about whether it is a blessing or a disaster. On one hand, the development of atomic bombs
helped America win the war and bring it to a quicker end. The speed at which these weapons were
created and their potential to affect many lives made a significant impact on the world. However, the
devastating consequences of dropping these bombs on Japan, resulting in the deaths of hundreds of
thousands of people, mostly civilians, cannot be ignored. Oppenheimer himself expressed regret about
these weapons and worked to stop their proliferation.

The creation of nuclear weapons forced scientists to re-consider the relations between science and
common sense. It made them recognize the inadequacy of the ways in which human beings attempted
to deal with reality. The impact of nuclear weapons on the world is undeniable, and it is a topic that
scientists, especially those involved in their creation, must grapple with. The fact that scientists played a
large part in the development of atomic weapons adds another layer of complexity to the discussion.

While the invention of nuclear weapons brought about significant advancements in science and
technology, it also raised ethical and moral questions about the use of such destructive power. The
potential for nuclear weapons to cause catastrophic damage to the world has been a source of concern
for many. The fear of a runaway reaction that could set the atmosphere ablaze and destroy the world
was a nightmare scenario that scientists considered before the first atomic bomb test. However, it was
ultimately concluded that the chances of such a catastrophe were near zero.

In conclusion, the invention of nuclear weapons by J. Robert Oppenheimer is a complex and

controversial topic. While it played a significant role in ending World War II, the devastating
consequences and ethical implications cannot be ignored. The impact of nuclear weapons on the world
and the potential for catastrophic destruction raise important questions about their use and
proliferation. It is a topic that continues to be debated and requires careful consideration of both the
benefits and the risks involved.

1. What is one argument in favor of Oppenheimer's invention of nuclear weapons as mentioned in

the text?

2. What did Oppenheimer himself express regret about, according to the text?

3. What is one way in which the invention of nuclear weapons impacted the relationship between
science and common sense, according to the text?

4. What is a key ethical concern mentioned in the text regarding the use of nuclear weapons?