1) Which of the following best describes the process of sensation?

a) Sensation is the process of assigning meaning to sensory information.

b) Sensation is the process of detecting and encoding sensory information from the environment.
c) Sensation is the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information.
d) Sensation is the process of making decisions based on sensory input.

2)Which of the following is an example of sensation?

a) Recognizing a friend's face in a crowd
b) Feeling the warmth of the sun on your skin
c) Understanding the emotional expression on someone's face
d) Interpreting the lyrics of a song

3) What is the role of perception in the process of sensation and perception?

a) Perception is the process of detecting stimuli from the environment.
b) Perception is the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information.
c) Perception is the process of assigning factual information to sensory information.
d) Perception is unrelated to the process of sensation and perception.

4) Which of the following is an example of Perception?

a) Detecting the scent of a flower
b) Recognizing a friend’s face in the crowd
c) Seeing the vibrant colors of a sunset
d) Running your fingers over a soft blanket

5) ________ occurs when sensory receptors become less responsive to constant stimuli.
a) Top-down processing b) Bottom-up processing c) Sensory Blindness d)
Sensory Adaptation

6) If someone can identify the taste of a familiar beverage without seeing the color of the liquid,
which process is primarily at work?
a) Sensation b) Perception c) Sensory Adaptation d) Sensory
Transduction

7) What role does attention play in the process of perception?

a) Attention has no impact on perception and is a separate, unrelated process that requires
intricacy.
b) Attention influences the organization and interpretation of sensory information, directing focus
to specific stimuli.
c) Attention is only relevant to sensation and has no impact on perception.
d) Attention is solely responsible for detecting stimuli from the environment.

8) If someone experiences color blindness and cannot distinguish between red and green hues,
which stage of the sensory process is most affected?
a) Sensation b) Perception c) Transduction d) Adaptation

9) Kathryn is looking at a beautiful sunset. As she continues to gaze at the sunset, she notices that
the colors become less vibrant and intense. What phenomenon is Kathryn experiencing, and what is
the underlying process behind it?
a) Sensory adaptation; sensory receptors becoming less responsive to constant stimuli
b) Change blindness; failing to detect changes in the visual scene
c) Top-down processing; using prior knowledge to interpret sensory information
d) Heartbreak; life feels less colorful and vivid when your heart is in pain

10) In a study comparing individuals from collectivist and individualist cultures, researchers found
that participants from collectivist cultures tend to focus more on background context in images.
How does this finding relate to the role of culture in shaping perceptual processes?
a) Cultural differences have no impact on visual processing.
b) Collectivist cultures prioritize individual objects over context.
c) Perceptual processes are influenced by cultural background and values.
d) Individualist cultures prioritize background context over individual objects.

11) In observational learning, who proposed the social cognitive theory, emphasizing the role of
modeling and cognitive processes?
a) B.F. Skinner b) John B. Watson c) Albert Bandura d) Ivan Pavlov

12) Which of the following best exemplifies observational learning?

a) Learning through the association of two stimuli in the environment and perceiving it.
b) Learning through the consequences of one's own behavior and how it affects other people.
c) Learning by perceiving the behavior of others and the consequences of that behavior.
d) Learning through the process of reinforcement and punishment.

13) In classical conditioning, what is the neutral stimulus initially paired with to elicit a conditioned
response?
a) Unconditioned stimulus b) Conditioned stimulus c) Unconditioned
response d) Reinforcement

14) Operant conditioning relies on the principles of reinforcement and:

a) Extinction b) Manipulation c) Habituation d) Punishment

15) How do instincts differ from reflexes?

a) Instincts are involuntary movements or actions, while reflexes are learned behaviors.
b) Instincts are learned behaviors, while reflexes are involuntary movements or actions.
c) Instincts and reflexes are synonymous and interchangeable terms.
d) Instincts and reflexes are both voluntary responses to specific stimuli.
16) A teenager loses driving privileges for breaking curfew. What operant conditioning technique is
being applied?
a) Positive reinforcement b) Negative reinforcement c) Positive punishment
d) Negative punishment

17) After experiencing a severe allergic reaction to a particular food, John becomes extremely
anxious whenever he sees that food. This is an example of:
a) Positive reinforcement b) Negative reinforcement c) Operant Conditioning d)
Classical Conditioning

18) A teacher wants to increase the frequency of students raising their hands before speaking in
class. Which operant conditioning technique would be most appropriate for achieving this?
a) Positive reinforcement b) Negative reinforcement c) Positive punishment
d) Negative punishment

19) According to Albert Bandura's Social Learning Theory, what are the four key processes involved
in observational learning?
a) Attention, retention, reproduction, refinement
b) Observation, reinforcement, practice, retention
c) Attention, retention, reproduction, motivation
d) Observation, imitation, reinforcement, motivation

20) If a child observes a model being rewarded for helping others, and subsequently engages in
helping behaviors, what process of observational learning is at play?
a) Retention b) Reproduction c) Attention d)
Motivation

21) Which term refers to the mental process of acquiring, organizing, and interpreting information?
a) Perception b) Cognition c) Emotion d) Sensation

22) In a new city, Daniel encounters a transportation system different from what he's used to.
Despite the differences, he easily adapts and applies his general understanding of transportation
systems. What cognitive concept is illustrated in this scenario?
a) Confirmation bias b) Anchoring effect c) Stereotype threat d) Schema-driven processing

23) Which type of intelligence is characterized by acquired knowledge and the ability to retrieve it?
a) Fluid intelligence b) Practical intelligence c) Crystallized intelligence d)
Creative intelligence

24) When using fluid intelligence, one is likely to:

a) Navigate through familiar routes
b) Memorize and recall information
c) Tackle complex, abstract challenges
d) Demonstrate mastery of acquired knowledge

25) What best characterizes Crystallized Intelligence?

a) It involves problem-solving skills.
b) It encompasses knowledge acquired through experience & education.
c) It is more dependent on processing speed.
d) It declines significantly with age.

26)Which scenario best illustrates an application of Fluid Intelligence?

a) Recalling historical facts for a quiz.
b) Solving a complex mathematical problem.
c) Demonstrating proficiency in a learned language.
d) Applying knowledge of grammar rules to write an essay.

27) An individual who excels in recognizing patterns, shapes, and designs is likely to exhibit high
proficiency in which intelligence according to Gardner's theory?
a) Logical-Mathematical Intelligence
b) Spatial Intelligence
c) Linguistic Intelligence
d) Interpersonal Intelligence

28) What is the importance of understanding the multiple intelligence theory in education?
a) To categorize students based on their intelligence type
b) To teach students in a standardized manner
c) To tailor teaching methods to cater to different intelligences
d) To focus solely on linguistic and logical teaching methods

29) What is the main focus of interpersonal intelligence?

a) Understanding oneself b) Understanding other people
c) Understanding mathematical concepts d) Understanding natural phenomena

30) Who among the following is the best example of someone with naturalistic intelligence?
a) Isaac Newton b) Charles Darwin c) Albert Einstein d)
Marie Curie

31) If someone asks you to recall a phone number they just told you a few seconds ago, which type
of memory would you primarily use?
a) Sensory Memory b) Short-Term Memory c) Long-Term Memory d)
Semantic Memory

32) Which of the following best describes the process of "rehearsal" in memory?
a) Repeating information over and over
b) Retrieving information from long-term memory
c) Organizing information into meaningful patterns
d) Encoding information through sensory input

33) What is the process used to input information into the memory system?
a) Storage b) Retrieval c) Encoding d) Recognition

34) What is the act of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious
awareness known as?
a) Encoding b) Storage c) Retrieval d) Recognition

35) What is the term for the set of processes used to encode, store, and retrieve information over
different periods of time?
a) Memory loss b) Dementia c) Memory impairment
d) Memory

36) Which of the following theories aims to provide a framework to explain the differences and
similarities in human behavior and personality?
a) Psychodynamic theory b) Humanistic theory c) Evolutionary theory d) Personality
theory

37) What does personality refer to in psychology?

a) Short-term behaviors b) Temporary traits c) Long-standing traits and patterns
d) Momentary feelings

38) Who proposed the theory that the distances between bumps on the skull reveal a person’s
personality traits?
a) Sigmund Freud b) Franz Gall c) Carl Jung d) Alfred Adler

39) Trait theories of personality focus on:

a) Unconscious motives b) Observable behaviors
c) Individual differences in enduring characteristics d) Social and cultural influences

40) The Big Five personality traits include openness, conscientiousness, extraversion,
agreeableness, and:
a) Narcissism b) Neuroticism c) Authoritarianism d) Ambition

41) Trait theories suggest that personality traits are relatively stable and enduring across different
situations. This is known as:
a) Situational variability b) Consistency c) Adaptability d)
Neuroplasticity

42) A person high in conscientiousness is likely to be characterized by:

a) Spontaneity b) Carelessness c) Organization
d) Unpredictability

43) The trait theory of personality is most closely aligned with which approach to psychology?
a) Psychoanalytic b) Behaviorist c) Humanistic d)
Biological

44) Which of the following is a major criticism of trait theories of personality?

a) They ignore the influence of genetics.
b) They underestimate the stability of personality traits.
c) They oversimplify the complexity of human personality.
d) They overemphasize the role of unconscious motives.

45) Which theorist is often considered the founder of trait theory in personality psychology?
a) Gordon Allport b) Carl Rogers c) Hans Cattell d) Romand
Eyesenck

46) Which of the following is an example of a chronic stressor?

a) Getting stuck in traffic b) Facing a sudden deadline
c) Witnessing a car accident d) Dealing with a long-term health condition

47) What distinguishes eustress from distress?

a) Eustress is always related to negative events, while distress is linked to positive events.
b) Eustress is a form of acute stress, while distress is chronic stress.
c) Eustress is perceived as positive, while distress is perceived as negative.
d) Eustress and distress are interchangeable terms with no significant difference.

48) What is the term used to describe a condition in which a person suffers from a sense of
powerlessness arising from a traumatic event or persistent failure to succeed?
a) Neuroticism b) Learned Helplessness c) Eustress d) Self-
discrepancy

49) According to Albert Bandura, what largely governs the intensity and chronicity of human
stress?
a) Coping strategies b) Perceived control c) Social support d) Genetic
predisposition

50) How does emotion-focused coping related to treating stress symptoms?

a) It effectively addresses the cause of stress.
b) It involves avoiding the stressor.
c) It actively manages or alters the problem.
d) It can be thought of as treating the symptoms rather than the actual cause.