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Computer Notes fully 2022

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 V.O.C. COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, THOOTHUKUDI-8.

Computer Course on

DIGITAL CLASSROOM TOOLS (DCT)

Academic Year 2021 - 2022

Marks: 200 Total: 40 Hours

Objectives:

 Students will be able to understand teaching and learning tools.

 Students will be able to prepare assignments in Ms-word.
 Students will be able to create multimedia presentations for their teaching.
 Students will be able to do calculations in Ms-Excel.
 Students will be developing their skills in Adobe Photoshop CS4.
 Students will be developing their skills in collaboration tools in their teaching and
learning.
 Students will be developing their skills in digital media tools in their teaching and
learning.

UNIT 1: MS WORD (5 hours)

Page Setup-Menu Bars-Opening a new Document-Opening an already existing Document-

Saving the Document-Formatting Documents-Printing-Views-Preview-Undo-Repeat-
Formatting fonts (size, style and color)-Paragraph alignments (left, right, center, justify)-
Spacing-Borders and Shading-Bullets and Numbering-Headers and Footers- Cut, Copy,
paste Options-Tabs-Clipboard-Find, Replace-Thesaurus-Indents and special indents- Mail
Merge- Change Case-Text effects- Clipart-Creating Tables-Word Art-Hyperlinks.

UNIT 2: MS POWERPOINT (5 hours)

Views and Slides- Editing text- Inserting pictures, Sounds, Files, Charts and Movies-
Backgrounds- Animation-Graphics-Slide design- Slide layout- Slide Transitions-Headers and
Footers- Slide masters- Customizing Slide show- Printing slides- Making use of PowerPoint
in the classroom

DR.C.THANAVATHI 1
UNIT 3: MS EXCEL (5 hours)

Creating a Spreadsheet-Collecting data for project- Entering data- Editing Cell Contents-
Preview and Printing-Headers and Footers-Formatting Data-Formulas-Cut, copy and Paste-
Max and Min-Inserting function into Formula-Insert and delete columns-If Function-Multiple
Sheets-Charts and Graphs.

Unit 4: BASIC TOOLS IN PHOTOSHOP (5 hours)

Exploring the New Interface: Title bar, Toolbar, Menu bar, The Options bar, Document
Window, The Toolbox, working with Images: Editing Images - Colour modes in Photoshop –
File formats in Photoshop – Working with Selection Tools – Drawing, Painting and
Retouching Tools – Mastering Layers in Photoshop and Layer Style – Type Tools.

Unit 5: AUTOMATION, 3D AND PRINTING IN PHOTOSHOP (5 hours)

Performing Photo Merge in Photoshop: Text Editing in Photoshop – Finding and Replacing
Text; Creating 3D Artwork in Photoshop: Creating 3D Shape - Editing 3D Shape – Loading a
New Texture to 3D Shape; Animation in Photoshop, Printing in Photoshop.

UNIT 6: ONLINE TEACHING AND LEARNING TOOLS (15 hours)

Learning Management Tool: Google Classroom, - Classroom Management Tool: Blog - Text
Communication Tools: Whatsapp, Telegram.

Online Collaboration Tools (Google Apps in Education): Google Drive, Google Docs,
Google Slides, Google Spreadsheets, Jamboard - Web Conferencing Tools: Google Meet,
Zoom Digital Media Tools: Nearpod, Kahoot, Mentimeter, Padlet.

PRACTICALS

 Create a Power Point presentation of your school subject.

 Create a word document for any topic in B.Ed.
 Apply the statistical techniques for the given data.
 Create an ID card by using Photoshop

 Create Text Effects, Fire Effect, Blood Effect and Neon Effect by using
Photoshop.

 Create an Invitation by using Photoshop

DR.C.THANAVATHI 2
  Create a Wrapper by using Photoshop
 Create 3D Animation by using PageMaker
 Create one learning management platform.
 Organize one virtual meeting through video conferencing tool.
 Conduct a lesson with digital education tool.

PROJECT WORKS

 Create a multimedia ppt with animation upload it in your Blog and share the link.
 Upload the files in google drive and share the link.

EVALUATION

Theory : 100 Marks

Practical : 50 Marks

Project Work : 50 Marks

DR.C.THANAVATHI 3
 V.O.C. COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, THOOTHUKUDI-8.
Computer Course on
DIGITAL CLASSROOM TOOLS (DCT)
Academic Year 2021 - 2022
Unit 1
MS WORD (5 hours)

Page setup-Menu bars-Opening a new document-Opening an already existing

document-Saving the document-Formatting documents-Printing-Views-Preview-Undo-
Repeat-Formatting fonts (size, style and color)-Paragraph alignments (left, right, center,
justify)-Spacing-Borders and shading-Bullets and Numbering-Headers and Footers- Cut,
Copy, paste options-tabs-Clipboard-Find, replace-Thesaurus-Indents and special indents-
Mail Merge- Change case-Text effects- Clipart-Creating tables-Word art-Hyperlinks.

Microsoft Word 2007 Basics

Microsoft Word 2007 has a completely redesigned user interface. The standard menus along
the top have been removed and replaced with a series of toolbars Microsoft calls “The
Ribbon.” These tool bars are changed using tabs at the top and try to automatically adjust
themselves to the content we are working with. If we select an image it will automatically
switch to the picture tools. The new layout seems to offer easier access to most of the
features of Word allowing for more complex documents to be created quicker.

The Office Logo

The first thing most people will need to relearn is where to go to
open a document, create a new one, save our document and print.
Clicking the Office logo at the top left of the screen will provide
most of the items formerly found under the file menu including those
listed above. Beside the logo we also will find a disk icon to save
our document as well as the undo and redo buttons. More buttons
can be added to this “Quick Access Toolbar” through the word options mentioned in the next
section.

DR.C.THANAVATHI 4
 As we can see here the Office logo opens up
listing our options for new, open etc. and
also contains a list of our recent documents
for quick opening. Any of the items listed
with an arrow beside them will replace the
recent documents on the right with the
options associated with the menu item. We
should also see at the bottom right of this
menu a button for exiting Word and
changing Word’s options.

Save as
The save as option will provide we with the
most common file formats to save our
document in. The common ones are Word
Document, Word Template, and Word 97-
2003 document. The last one is the option
most people should be using currently, especially if they wish to share documents with others
who do not have the new version of Office.

Print
Here we can choose from Print, Quick Print and Print Preview. Print brings up the standard
print dialog box, quick print will print one copy without any dialog box coming up and print
preview will bring up the print preview screen.

Prepare
The prepare menu’s most common options are Properties, Inspect Document, Mark as Final
and Run Compatibility Checker. The properties option allows we to setup metadata for the
document like Author, Title, keywords, comments and others. Inspect Document will scan
the document for any hidden data like comments and annotations, and any hidden
collaboration data. This is very useful when making a previously private document public. It
will help we find any comments or changes made previously that should not be made public.
Mark as Final will mark the document as a final copy and make it read only so changes
cannot be made. The last common item, Run Compatibility Checker will scan the document
for new features that were used and show we these. This is recommended if we where
creating a document in the new file format but now need to convert it back to the Office 2003
format to share with someone who does not have Office 2007.

DR.C.THANAVATHI 5
The Home Tab

The home tab the basic formatting tools found in Word 2007. We will find five sections,
Clipboard, Font, Paragraph, Styles and Editing. Clicking the down arrow beside any of the
icons here will drop down more options for that tool. Each section also contains an arrow in
the bottom right corner which will open a window containing the options found in that
section.

Clipboard
The Clipboard allows we to cut, copy, paste and copy formatting from one
place to another.

Font
The font section of the ribbon provides a section to
handle the basic text formatting. Items such as
bold, underline, strikethrough, highlight and font
type can be changed here. Some items from this
section and some items from the paragraph section
are also available by highlighting text and moving
our cursor slightly above the highlighted text. This
saves having to move our cursor all the way to the
top of the screen for some common formatting
items.

Paragraph
The paragraph section provides icons for bullets, lists,
justify, line spacing, indents and borders.

Styles
The styles section allows we to
quickly change the formatting of a
section of text by choosing one of the

DR.C.THANAVATHI 6
predefined styles. We can also create a new style based on the formatting of our selected text
for use later in other sections of our document.

Editing
The Editing section of the toolbar allows we to find, replace and select items.
The select option gives we the ability to select all, select objects or select text
with similar formatting. This last option gives we the ability to quickly
change everything in our document with one style to another style without
having to manually find all of that text and change each area separately.

Insert Tab

The insert tab has seven sections for inserting most types of objects. The sections are pages,
tables, illustrations, links, header and footer, text and symbols.

Pages
The pages’ section is where we can go to insert a cover page, blank page
or page break. The cover page drops down offers a selection of
predefined cover pages for our document that have sections for title, date
and author. We can also select text in our document and choose to save
the selected text to the cover page gallery for use in future documents.

Table
The table section only has a drop down menu which offers a grid to create a new
table, insert table, draw table, convert text to table for selected text, Excel
spreadsheet, and some predefined “Quick Tables” that have formatting already
setup for we. When working on a table we will have two additional tabs along
the top of the ribbon, the design and layout tabs. There are screenshots of both directly
below.

Table Design

DR.C.THANAVATHI 7
Table Layout

Illustrations
The Illustrations section allows we to insert pictures, clipart,
shapes, SmartArt and charts. After inserting or selecting a
picture we are provided with a new toolbar along the top shown here. This toolbar gives we

the ability to change the brightness, contrast, shape, position, text wrapping and other options
for the picture. Clicking off the picture or on one of the other tabs will take we back to the
standard toolbars. The Shapes option of the Illustrations section allows we to insert lines,
arrows, boxes, basic flowchart shapes and a number of others. The SmartArt option provides
features like org charts, flow charts, illustrated lists and processes. The Chart option is
similar to Word 2003 but it offers more options for our charts.

Links
The links section provides options for inserting hyperlinks, bookmarks
and cross-references. Cross-references can link to figures, tables,
equations, endnotes, footnotes, headers and numbered items.

Header & Footer

The header & footer section allows we to edit the header, footer and
page numbering for our document. Once we select this option it will
change the toolbar along the top to include a larger number of options
for the header and footer. The header bar is shown here. In order to stop editing the header
and footer we need to click the “Close Header and Footer” button on the right of the bar.

DR.C.THANAVATHI 8
 Text
Options in the text section include text box, drop cap,
WordArt and a number of predefined text blocks like a
signature line the date and time, and document properties
like abstract, author, and title. There are a lot of option in here to setup on our own or we can
use Words predefined options.

Symbols
The last option in the insert toolbar is symbols. Here we can insert a large
number of special characters and symbols. Choosing the “more symbols”
option from the drop down will also allow we to setup shortcut keys for
commonly used symbols. One of the improved features of Word 2007 is the equation editor.
We can now insert more complicated mathematical and statistical equations. Here there are

some standard equations to choose from or we can create our own. Standards like (𝑥 +
𝑛
𝑎)𝑛 = ∑ (𝑛𝑘)𝑥 𝑘 𝑎𝑛−𝑘 ,the binomial theorem are available or, by choosing “Insert new
𝑘=0
equation” we will get the equation toolbar. Which gives we a large number of options to
Δ𝑦
𝑥 Δ𝑥
choose from while creating our own equation. ∫𝑦 4 + log 𝑦 ∗ + 𝑥𝑦 2 The equations can
tan 𝑥
be edited in the new Word 2007 file format however, once they are converted to a Word 2003
format they will become images which cannot be edited.

Page Layout Tab

The page layout tab has five sections, Themes, Page Setup, Page Background, Paragraph, and
Arrange.

Themes
The themes section provides a quick way to format our document. By
choosing a theme we will have a set colour scheme, font combinations, and
effects. We can choose one of the provided themes, modify a provided them

DR.C.THANAVATHI 9
or create our own. We can also go online in this section and browse Microsoft.com for
additional themes. Be aware that changing our theme after creating a document may require
we to reformat some items as themes also include some layout options.

Page Setup
Page setup provides we with the tools to change
margins, size, orientation, columns, breaks, line
numbers and hyphenation in the document.

Page Background
The page background section allows we to change the background colour
of the document, watermark and draft or confidential document or add
borders to our document.

Paragraph
The paragraph section in the page layout tab allows
changes to a paragraphs spacing and indentation.

Arrange
The arrange section is also found in the image toolbar when
an image is selected. Here we can change an images
position, how text moves around the image, the alignment,
grouping and rotation or the image.

References Tab

The references tab contains six sections, Table of Contents, Footnotes, Citations &
Bibliography, Captions, Indexes and Table of Authorities.

Table of Contents

DR.C.THANAVATHI 10
The table of contents section allows we to insert and modify the table of contents. We can
insert automatic or manual table of contents and change what styles will be included in the
table of contents, if any. We can also add text to the table and update the table of contents
after adding or removing items from our document.

Footnotes
This section allows we to insert footnotes and endnotes and move
through our existing footnotes quickly.

Citations & Bibliography

This section provides tools to insert citations, manage sources,
citation style and bibliography.

Captions
Insert captions, table of figures, or cross-references in this
section. Once we have created a table of figures we can also
update the table at the click of a button.

Index
This section allows we to create an index, update the index and mark
and item for inclusion in the index.

Table of Authority
This section allows we to create a table of authorities, update the table and
mark and citations for inclusion in the table of authorities.

Mailings Tab

The mailings tab contains five sections, create, start mail merge, write & insert fields,
preview results and finish.

DR.C.THANAVATHI 11
 Create
The create section provides a window to create envelopes or labels. This is
mostly for creating single envelopes, labels or a sheet of the same label.

Start Mail Merge

The main features of this section are start mail merge, select
recipients and edit recipient list. The method most people will
likely use to create a mail merge in Word 2007 is the step by step
mail merge wizard found in the start mail merge drop down list. This option will bring up a
wizard along the right side of the screen that will walk we through the process. Recipients
can come from Outlook contact or a large number of files including Access, Paradox, Excel,
Word, CSV and even HTML.

Write & Insert Fields

This section provides the tools necessary to
make a document into one that will work with
a mail merge. We can Highlight merge fields,
work with address block or greeting line, insert new merge fields, setup rules, match fields
and update our labels.

Preview Results
This section allows we to preview our merge before completing
it. Make sure all our recipients fit onto one page, the formatting
remained the same after merging, look for specific recipients and
even have Word auto check for common errors.

Finish
The final section in the mailings tab completes our mail merge.

Review Tab

DR.C.THANAVATHI 12
The review tab offers six sections which include proofing, comments, tracking, changes,
compare and protect.

Proofing
The proofing section provides the standard spelling and grammar
check, a thesaurus, word count, research tools that include MSN
search and Microsoft Encarta encyclopaedia. We will also find
translation tools to help with single words or the whole document. The translation of the
entire document is done by an online service called Wordlingo.

Comments
The comments section allows we to add comments to a document for
easier collaboration. We can cycle through the comments to find out what
notes we left for ourself or others and we can delete a comment that was
made when it is no longer relevant.

Tracking
The tracking section can be very helpful with a document
that changes a lot while composing it. We can track the
changes made, who made them and show the changes in balloons off to the side. Be aware
that we must turn this on before it will start to work. Tracking changes does not occur on
every document automatically. We should also be aware that unless we clear the changes
once the document is final they may be visible to others who receive the document even
though older changes were not intended for others to view. We can find all the revisions by
turning on the balloons for revisions and checking each on and accepting or rejecting it by
right clicking on the balloon and choosing the correct option. We can also clear them with
the options in the next section of the review tab.

Changes
The changes section allows we to cycle through and accept or reject changes
made to the document and tracked using the track changes feature. This
should be done before the document is considered final so any changes can
be cleared and no longer visible if the document is distributed to anyone who should not have
access to the revisions and comments.

DR.C.THANAVATHI 13
 Compare
This section can be used to compare two versions or a document or help
we combine two versions of a document. This can be very helpful when
we find we have accidentally been working on one version on our local
drive and another on the network. We can take the two documents and step through them
combining them instead of redoing work that was already done.

Protect
The protect section gives we options to add a password and protect the document.
We can restrict changes to formatting and editing or the whole document. If we
use Windows Live, we can also manage permissions for specific users who also
have Windows Live.

View Tab

The view tab offers five sections which include document views, show/hide, zoom, window
and macros.

Document Views
The document views section switches we between print
layout, full screen reading, web layout, outline and draft
views. Print layout is the default view. Full screen view
removes all but a couple of tools from the top of the screen and the rest of the screen is our
document. Web layout will take away the empty space on either side of the document if there
is any and fill the window as if it were a web page. Outline view changes the look of our
document into an almost point form style which may help with reviewing main points. Draft
view takes away most of our formatting and images and just shows the text. It also fills the
window with our text similar to web layout.

Show/Hide
The show/hide section will toggle certain tools on or off the
screen including rulers, gridlines, message bar, document map
and thumbnails. The rulers will show along the top and left side
of the screen. Gridlines will cover our entire document inside the margins. They will be
visible on screen but don’t print. The message bar can only be displayed when there is a
message to be displayed. One common reason for the message bar to display is when macros
have been enabled or disabled. The document map and thumbnails will show along the left
hand side of the screen.

DR.C.THANAVATHI 14
 Zoom
The zoom section provides tools to zoom into or out of the document.
We can choose our own zoom factor or use one of the predefined
zoom factors of 100%, one page, two pages (side by side), or page
width which causes the document to zoom in or out so it fills our window.

Window
The new window button will open our
current document in a new window. The
arrange all button will take our currently
open windows and stack them one on top of the other. The split button will take our current
document and show it in two frames within the window one on top of the other. This will
allow we to look at something we wrote on page one while working on page twenty. View
side by side allows we to view two windows side by side, once in side by side view we can
turn on synchronous scrolling so both side scroll at the same time. Also while in side by side
mode if we resized either window we can click the reset window position button to have them
share the screen equally again. The switch window drops down will allow we to switch
between open windows.

Macros
The macros section provides the tools required to work with and create basic macros.
We can view existing macros or record our own. Choose record macro from the
drop down and then perform the functions we do often, like change the page layout,
and style of the document. Once we have done those tasks then stop recording. We will be
able to use that macro over again to shorten the steps we need to take every time we need to
perform that set of tasks.

PARTS OF THE MICROSOFT WORD 2007 SCREEN AND THEIR

FUNCTIONS

DR.C.THANAVATHI 15
1. Office Button – Click the Office Button to find a drop down menu containing options,
such as: open, save, and
print. Also shows previously opened files, which we may choose to “pin” them to make them
“permanent”
choices.
2. Ribbon – The Ribbon is the strip of buttons and icons located above the work area in
Word 2007. The Ribbon
replaces the menus and toolbars found in earlier versions of Word. Each ribbon contains
groups of command
buttons with common purpose. Each ribbon contains 7 tabs.
3. Tab Selector button – We can easily set tab stops by clicking on the desired position on
the ruler. This button
allows we to determine which type of tab will be set left aligned, right aligned, center aligned
or
decimal tab. Clicking on this button will allow we to change the tab style.
4. Rulers – Gives we an idea of where we are on the page
5. Document – This is what we are typing/what will print out
6. Status Bar – This row can be customized by right-clicking and selecting desired options.
Desired options may
include page number/number of total page, word count, insert/overtype mode, caps lock, and
zoom slide.
7. Task Bar – Shows open programs.

DR.C.THANAVATHI 16
8. View Shortcuts – These four buttons allow we to change the way we view our document
on the screen. From
left to right they are: print layout, full screen reading, web layout and draft. These can be
added/removed by right
clicking anywhere on the status bar and checking/unchecking View shortcuts.
9. Zoom Slide – Allows we to increase/decrease the amount of the document we see on the
screen.
10. View Ruler Button – Allows we to view/hide the rulers.
11. Screen Split Button – At the top of the vertical scroll bar is a new button. Just below the
double arrow is a tiny
button that looks like a minus sign that lets we split our screen in two when double-clicked.
Double-clicking it a
second time will unsplit our screen.
12. Scroll Bars – Allows we to view entire workbook by moving it up, down (vertical scroll
bar), left or right (horizontal
scroll bar).
13. Right Indent – Slide this triangle to the left of the margin to limit the right side of a
paragraph to that point. Move
the triangle to the right of the margin to allow the right side of the paragraph to extend
beyond the margin. The
triangle at the margin will keep the right side of the paragraph with the margin.
14. Group – Command buttons with a common purpose are clustered together. Each ribbon
contains several groups.
Some groups, but not all, contain a quick launch bar (dialogue box launcher) in the bottom
right hand corner.
15. Quick Launch Bar/Dialogue Box Launcher – It is the arrow in the bottom right hand
corner of some
groups. When clicked, it will bring up a dialog box where additional options/changes can be
entered.
16. Title Bar – Shows name of program and open document. Also contains minimize,
maximize and close buttons.
17. Quick Access Toolbar – This customizable toolbar allows we to add frequently used
commands. Click on the
down arrow at the end of the toolbar to add/remove command buttons – or - right-click on
any command button
and choose Add to Quick Access Toolbar.
18. Tab – The ribbon is broken down into 7 tabs. Each tab has a common purpose and
consists of several groups. To
select a tab, simply click on it and the appropriate groups will be displayed.
19. First Line Indent – This triangle controls where the first line of a paragraph begins.
Moved to the left of the
margin, will allow the first paragraph to be in the left margin. Can be moved to the right of
the margin to indent

DR.C.THANAVATHI 17
our paragraph. THIS IS NOT SETTING TABS!
20. Hanging Indent – The opposite of a first line indent. It is often moved to the right of the
first line indent, which
allows the remaining lines of a paragraph to be indented according to placement of the
triangle.

DR.C.THANAVATHI 18
Title Bar: Displays the file name of the document that is being edited and the name of the
software we are using. It also includes the standard Minimize, Restore, and Close buttons.

Quick Access Toolbar: Commands that are frequently used, such as Save, Undo,
and Redo are located here. At the end of the Quick Access Toolbar is a pull-down menu
where we can add other commonly used or commonly needed commands.

File Tab: Click this button to find commands that act on the document itself rather than the
content of the document, such as New, Open, Save as, Print, and Close.

Ribbon: Commands needed for our work are located here. The appearance of the Ribbon will
change depending on the size of our monitor. Word will compress the ribbon by changing the
arrangement of the controls to accommodate smaller monitors.

Edit Window: Shows the contents of the document we are editing.

Scroll Bar: Lets we change the display position of the document we are editing.

Status Bar: Displays information about the document we are editing.

View Buttons: Lets we change the display mode of the document we are editing to fit our
needs.

Zoom: Lets we change the zoom settings of the document we are editing.

DR.C.THANAVATHI 19
 UNIT 2:

MS POWERPOINT (5 hours)

Views and Slides- Editing text- Inserting pictures, Sounds, Files, Charts and Movies-
Backgrounds- Animation-Graphics-Slide design- Slide layout- Slide Transitions-Headers and
Footers- Slide masters- Customizing Slide show- Printing slides- Making use of PowerPoint
in the classroom

MS Power Point
With Microsoft PowerPoint, we can create exciting slide show presentations.
PowerPoint is a presentation software package. With PowerPoint, we can easily create
slide shows. We create our PowerPoint presentation on slides. We use layouts to
organize the content on each slide. PowerPoint has several slide layouts from which to
choose. Themes are sets of colors, fonts, and special effects. Backgrounds add a colored
background to our slides. We can add themes and backgrounds to our slides. After we
complete our slides, we can run our presentation.

Create a Title Slide

When we start PowerPoint, PowerPoint displays the title slide in the Slide pane. We
can type the title of our presentation and a subtitle on this slide. To enter text:
 Click and type the title of our presentation in the "Click to add title" area.
 Click and type a subtitle in the "Click to add subtitle" area.
Create a Title Slide
1. Open PowerPoint. We are presented with a title slide.
2. Enter the information shown here. Type College Scholarships and Financial Aid in the
Click to Add Title text box. Type Paying for College in the Click to Add Subtitle text
box
Create New Slides
After completing our title slide, we can create additional slides. To create a new slide:
1. Choose the Home tab.
2. Click the New Slide button in the Slides group. The Office Theme dialog box appears and
displays several layout templates.
3. Click the layout we want. The layout appears in the Slide pane of the PowerPoint window.
4. To add text, click inside the placeholder and type.
5. To add an additional slide to our presentation, do one of the following
 Right-click the slide layout.
 A menu appears. Click Layout and then click the layout we want.
 Choose the Home tab,

DR.C.THANAVATHI 20
  click the New Slide button
 and then choose the slide layout we want

Create an Outline
If we need to present the information in our slide in outline form, we can easily create an
outline by using the Increase List Level button to create a hierarchy.
1. Choose the Home tab.
2. Click the New Slide button in the Slides group. The Office Theme dialog box appears.
3. Click the Title and Content layout.
4. Enter the information shown here. Click the Increase List Level button in the Paragraph
group to indent the bullets for Stafford Loans and PLUS Loans. If we ever need to decrease
an indent, use the Decrease List Level button in the Paragraph group.
Use Two-Column Text
We can also place text in two separate columns.
1. Choose the Home tab.
2. Click the New Slide button in the Slides group. The Office Theme dialog box appears.
3. Click the Two Content layout.
4. Enter the information shown here.
Make Changes to Our Slides
After creating a slide, if we want to add text:
1. Place the mouse pointer at the point at which we would like to add text.
2. Type the information we want to add.
If we would like to change text:
1. Select the text we want to change.
2. Type the new text.
We can use the Backspace key to delete text. We can also delete text by highlighting the text
and pressing the Delete key.
Apply a Theme

A theme is a set of colors, fonts, and special effects. Themes provide attractive backgrounds
for our PowerPoint slides.
To apply a theme to all of the slides in our presentation:
1. Choose the Design tab.
2. Click the More button in the Themes group.

DR.C.THANAVATHI 21
3. Click the design we want.
To apply a theme to selected slides:
1. Click the Slides tab, located on the left side of the window.
2. Hold down the Ctrl key and then click to select the slides to which we want to apply a theme.
3. Choose the Design tab.

4. Click the More button in the Themes group.

5. Right-click the theme we want to apply. A menu appears.
6. Click Apply to Selected Slides. Excel applies the theme to the slides we selected.

We can add a dramatic effect to our theme by applying a background.

1. Choose the Design tab.
2. Click the Background Styles button.
3. Click the background we want.
Add a Background
1. Choose the Design tab.
2. Click the Background Styles button.
3. Click the background we want. PowerPoint applies the background to our slides.
Run Our PowerPoint Slide Show
After we create our slides, we can run our slide show:
1. Do any one of the following:
o Press F5.

o Choose the Slide Show tab. Click the From Beginning button in the Start Slide Show group.
o Click the Slide Show icon in the bottom-right corner of our screen.

Our slide show appears on our screen.

Most Popular Search Engines

 Google.
 Bing.
 Yahoo.
 Ask.com.
 AOL.com.
 Baidu.
 Wolframalpha.

DR.C.THANAVATHI 22
 DuckDuckGo ect.,
kinds of viruses
 Resident Viruses.
 Direct Action Viruses.
 Overwrite Viruses. ...
 Boot Virus. ...
 Macro Virus. ...
 Directory Virus. ...
 Polymorphic Virus. ...
 File Infectors etc.,
kinds of antiviruses
 AVG.
 McAfee
 Norton
 Kaspersky
 Ad Aware.

DR.C.THANAVATHI 23
UNIT 3:

MS EXCEL (5 hours)

Creating a spreadsheet-Collecting data for project- Entering data- Editing cell contents-
Preview and printing-Headers and footers-Formatting data-Formulas-Cut, copy and paste-
Max and Min-Inserting function into formula-Insert and delete columns-If function-Multiple
sheets-Charts and Graphs.

Microsoft Excel 2007 Basics

Microsoft Excel 2007 has a completely redesigned user interface. The standard menus along
the top have been removed and replaced with a series of toolbars Microsoft calls “The
Ribbon.” These tool bars are changed using tabs at the top and try to automatically adjust
themselves to the content we are working with. If we select an image it will automatically
switch to the picture tools. The new layout seems to offer easier access to most of the
features of Excel allowing for more complex documents to be created quicker.

The Office Logo

The first thing most people will need to relearn is where to go to
open a document, create a new one, save our document and print.
Clicking the Office logo at the top left of the screen will provide
most of the items formerly found under the file menu including those
listed above. Beside the logo we also will find a disk icon to save
our document as well as the undo and redo buttons. More buttons
can be added to this “Quick Access Toolbar” through the Excel options mentioned in the
next section.

As we can see here the Office logo

opens up listing our options for new,
open etc. and also contains a list of
our recent documents for quick
opening. Any of the items listed
with an arrow beside them will
replace the recent documents on the
right with the options associated
with the menu item. We should also
see at the bottom right of this menu

DR.C.THANAVATHI 24
a button for exiting Excel and changing Excel’s options.

Save as
The save as option will provide we with the most common file formats to save our document
in. The common ones are Excel Workbook, Excel Macro-Enabled Workbook, Excel
Binary Workbook, and Excel 97-2003 Workbook. The last one is the option most people
should be using currently, especially if they wish to share documents with others who do not
have the new version of Office.

Print
Here we can choose from Print, Quick Print and Print Preview. Print brings up the
standard print dialog box, quick print will print one copy without any dialog box coming up
and print preview will bring up the print preview screen.

Prepare
The prepare menu’s most common options are Properties, Inspect Document, Mark as
Final and Run Compatibility Checker. The properties option allows we to setup metadata
for the document like Author, Title, keywords, comments and others. Inspect Document
will scan the document for any hidden data like comments and annotations, and any hidden
collaboration data. This is very useful when making a previously private document public. It
will help we find any comments or changes made previously that should not be made public.
Mark as Final will mark the document as a final copy and make it read only so changes
cannot be made. The last common item, Run Compatibility Checker will scan the document
for new features that were used and show we these. This is recommended if we were creating
a document in the new file format but now need to convert it back to the Office 2003 format
to share with someone who does not have Office 2007.

The Home Tab

The home tab the basic formatting tools found in Excel 2007. We will find seven sections,
Clipboard, Font, Alignment, Number, Styles, Cells and Editing. Clicking the down arrow
beside any of the icons here will drop down more options for that tool. Each section also
contains an arrow in the bottom right corner which will open a window containing the
options found in that section.

Clipboard

DR.C.THANAVATHI 25
 The Clipboard allows we to cut, copy, paste and copy formatting from one
place to another.

Font
The font section of the ribbon
provides a section to handle the basic
text formatting. Items such as bold, underline, strikethrough,
highlight and font type can be changed here. Some items
from this section and some items from the number section are also
available by right clicking a cell. This saves having to move our
cursor all the way to the top of the screen for some common
formatting items.

Alignment
The alignment section provides icons to justify, Vertical
alignment, indents, text wrap, merge cells and centre text and
text orientation.

Number
The number section provides the options for formatting numbers. We can
choose the type of number, like date, currency, percentage, fraction or
general. We can also increase or decrease the number of decimal places
shown.

Styles
The styles section allows we to quickly change the formatting of a
section of cells by choosing one of the predefined styles. We can
choose different types of conditional formatting, table formatting
or cell styles. These are used to change the visual appearance of a section to quickly show
what is being displayed in an area.

Cells
This section allows we to insert of delete cells, rows, columns, or sheets.
We can also format the height or width of columns and rows, hide or

DR.C.THANAVATHI 26
unhide elements, organize or protect cells and sheets. There are a lot of features in this
section under the format option.

Editing
The editing section gives we options for inserting
functions, filling formulas across cells, clearing
formatting and formulas, sorting and finding. Again, there is a large
number of options in this area. These options are also included in the image
to left.

Insert Tab

The insert tab has five sections for inserting most types of objects. The sections are tables,
illustrations, charts, links, text and symbols.

Tables
The tables section has an option for pivot tables and charts and tables.
We can select an area and turn it into a formatted table or pivot table with
these options. Once we have created our table there is another tab which
becomes available to work with the table design. This tab is shown below.

Table Design

Illustrations
The Illustrations section allows we to insert pictures, clipart, shapes, and SmartArt. After
inserting or selecting a picture we are provided with a new toolbar along the top shown here.

DR.C.THANAVATHI 27
This toolbar gives we the ability to change the brightness, contrast, shape, position, text
wrapping and other options for the picture. Clicking off the picture or on one of the other
tabs will take we back to the standard toolbars. The Shapes option of the Illustrations
section allows we to insert lines, arrows, boxes, basic flowchart shapes and a number of
others. The SmartArt option provides features like org charts, flow charts, illustrated lists
and processes. The Chart option is similar to Excel 2003 but it offers more options for our
charts.

Charts
The charts section provides drop down menus to insert
different types of column, line, pie, bar, area, scatter
and other types of charts. Once we create a chart we
will get three additional tabs to work with our chart. They are shown below.

Chart Design Tab

Chart Layout Tab

Chart Format Tab

Links
The links section provides options for inserting hyperlinks to our spreadsheet.

DR.C.THANAVATHI 28
 Text
Options in the text section include text box, header and
footer, WordArt and a number of predefined text
blocks like a signature line and symbols. There are a lot
of option in here to setup on our own or we can use Excel’s predefined options.

Page Layout Tab

The page layout tab has five sections, Themes, Page Setup, Scale to Fit, Sheet Options,
and Arrange.

Themes
The themes section provides a quick way to format our document. By
choosing a theme we will have a set colour scheme, font combinations,
and effects. We can choose one of the provided themes, modify any
provided theme or create our own. We can also go online in this section and browse
Microsoft.com for additional themes. Be aware that changing our theme after creating a
document may require we to reformat some items as themes also include some layout
options.

Page Setup
Page setup provides we with the tools to
change margins, size, orientation,
columns, breaks, backgrounds and add
print titles to the document.

Scale To Fit
This section allows we to scale to fit our document onto a certain
number of pages or to scale it to a certain percentage of its current
size.

Sheet Options
This section gives we checkboxes to view or print headings and
gridlines.

DR.C.THANAVATHI 29
 Arrange
The arrange section is also found in the image toolbar when an image is
selected. Here we can change an images position, the alignment,
grouping and rotation or the image.

Formulas Tab

The formulas tab contains four sections, function library, defined names, formula
auditing and calculation.

Function Library
This section gives we access to the large number of
predefined Excel functions. There are Auto Sum
functions, financial, logical, text, date and time, lookup and reference, math and trig,
and additional functions. It also provides a section for recently used functions so we can
get back to the ones that we use the most quickly.

Defined Names
The defined names section allows we to create names or variables
to be referenced in other areas. This would be like assigning
“taxrate” to cell b2 so in a formula we can easily see what we
were referencing when we look at a formula month after creating it. The formula
=A10*taxrate means more later than =a10*b2

Formula Auditing
This section provides tools to manage formulas to ensure that
they are correct. We can use the tools here to find out what
cells our formula depends on, what cells depend on the current
cell, and show the formula in a cell instead of the resulting value. There is also a tool for
error checking which will look for common errors in formulas.

Calculation
Here we can turn on or off automatic calculation from formulas. If we turn
off automatic calculations, we can use this area to calculate the current cell
or the whole sheet.

DR.C.THANAVATHI 30
Data Tab

The data tab contains five sections, get external data, connections, sort and filter, data tools,
and outline.

Get External Data

This is a single drop down item which allows we to refresh data from an
external source. We can pull in data from Access, the Internet, text files or from
other external sources.

Connections
Here is where we manage any connections to outside sources. The
setup done here is what allows we to pull data from the external sources
listed above.

Sort & Filter

Here we can sort or filter our data based on criteria we specify.
We can use simple alphabetical sorting or create more complex
filters to manipulate our data.

Data Tools
With the data tools section, we can take text and turn it into
columns, remove duplicates, check our data to make sure it
is valid based on different criteria. Are they all whole
numbers? Are they all properly formatted dates? We can also consolidate data or do “What
if” analysis where we can check we data against different scenarios.

Outline
The final section in the data tab provides tools to group or ungroup rows or
columns and obtain subtotals for grouped items.

DR.C.THANAVATHI 31
Review Tab

The review tab offers three sections which include proofing, comments, and changes.

Proofing
The proofing section provides the standard spelling and grammar
check, a thesaurus, and research tools that include MSN search
and Microsoft Encarta encyclopedia. We will also find translation
tools to help with single words or the whole document. The translation of the entire
document is done by an online service called Wordlingo.

Comments
The comments section allows we to add
comments to a document for easier collaboration.
We can cycle through the comments to find out
what notes we left for ourself or others and we can delete a comment that was made when it
is no longer relevant.

Changes
The changes section allows we to protect a sheet or
the entire workbook, we can also share a
workbook. Some of the sharing features are only
available to users on a Windows domain. This authenticates the users against the domain for
access so this will not work for many people.

View Tab

The view tab offers five sections which include workbook views, show/hide, zoom, window
and macros.

Workbook Views
The workbook views section switches our display between
normal view, page layout, full screen and page break preview.

DR.C.THANAVATHI 32
The page layout will show we what will be on each page and provide a way to add headers
and footers to each page. The page break preview will show we a scaled version of our
spreadsheet with dotted lines showing where the page breaks will be. There is also a way to
work with custom views here.

Show/Hide
The show/hide section will toggle certain tools on or off the screen
including rulers, gridlines, message bar, formula bar and headings.
The rulers will show along the top and left side of the screen.
Gridlines will show the grids around each cell. They will be visible on screen but don’t print.

Zoom
The zoom section provides tools to zoom into or out of the document.
We can choose our own zoom factor or use the predefined zoom factor of
100% or we can select a section and zoom so it fills our screen.

Window
The window section allows we to create a new window,
arrange our windows one on top of the other or split our
window so the same document is viewed in two screens
one on top of the other. We can also hide and unhide a window. Once we have arranged our
windows the way we like them we can save the workspace so we can open to this setup when
we need to work on these items again. This is very handy for setups where we need to work
on multiple documents at once and we have to do this a lot. We can also choose which
window to work on through the switch windows drop down menu.

Macros
The macros section provides the tools required to work with and create basic macros.
We can view existing macros or record our own. Choose record macro from the
drop down and then perform the functions we do often, like change the page layout,
and style of the document. Once we have done those tasks then stop recording. We will be
able to use that macro over again to shorten the steps we need to take every time we need to
perform that set of tasks.

DR.C.THANAVATHI 33
 UNIT IV

Unit 4: BASIC TOOLS IN PHOTOSHOP (5 hours)

Exploring the New Interface: Title bar, Toolbar, Menu bar, The Options bar, Document
Window, The Toolbox, working with Images: Editing Images - Colour modes in Photoshop –
File formats in Photoshop – Working with Selection Tools – Drawing, Painting and
Retouching Tools – Mastering Layers in Photoshop and Layer Style – Type Tools.

BASIC TOOLS IN PHOTOSHOP CS4

GETTING FAMILIAR WITH PHOTOSHOP CS4

When digitization of information started in the early years of the advent of computers,
nobody would have thought that a day will arrive when we will be able to digitize our
memories and creativity, that is, transforming them, from photo-print paper, into digital
images. This small assumption was turned into reality by the developer of Photoshop,
Thomas Knoll, two decades ago when the first version of Photoshop was released in 1988.
Ever since its first launch, it continues to witness success. The popularity of Photoshop
speaks for itself. Over the years, Photoshop has been widely used in the graphic and
publishing industries and by print designers, Web and multimedia designers, digital
photographs and videographers.

The new version of Photoshop, Photoshop CS4 was introduced by Adobe with some
break through features, such as better raw image processing, more efficient Adobe Bridge
from title handling, easy conversion from 2-D images to 3-D images, direct painting on 3-D
images, 3-D animation, and sound rendering.

Going through the basic concepts, discussion tools, studying various palettes,
applying filters and styles, learning different commands, this unit takes through the advance
features of Photoshop CS4. This unit introduces with the new tools and attributes added in
Photoshop CS4.

EXPLORING THE NEW INTERFACE

Similar to any other application software, Photoshop CS4 has its own interface with
self-adjustable docks, workspace presets and new palettes. Working in Photoshop CS4 it is
easier than working in the earlier versions.

DR.C.THANAVATHI 34
The Toolbar

The toolbar is located at the top of the Photoshop CS4 window.

The Menu Bar

The menu bar is a collection of 11 useful menus, including new 3-D menu.

The Option Bar

The option bar is located below the menu bar in the Photoshop CS4 window. The
option bar displays options specific to the tool we select from the toolbox.

The Adobe Bridge Application

The Adobe Bridge is a common application in Adobe Creative Suite 4.

Workspace

Workspace is an arrangement of the working area in the Photoshop window, which

includes the placement of the palettes and the Toolbox we need on the screen according to the
requirements.

The Document Window

The document window is a place where images are edited and only this part of the
screen is printed.

The Document Title Bar

Whenever we open an image in Photoshop, an additional Title bar appears on top of

the image. The title bar of the image displays vital information about the image opened in
Photoshop. This information includes the name of the file, its format, zoom size, color mode
and bit of the image.

The Status Bar

The status bar is located at the bottom of every document window and displays useful
information about the file.

DR.C.THANAVATHI 35
The Toolbox

The Toolbox in Photoshop CS4 is sleek in design with a single column. The Toolbox
is upgraded with some new tools, whereas old legacy tools of Photoshop, considered the key
features of Photoshop, are retained unaltered. These tools are used to create and edit images
in different ways.

Short Cut
NAME PURPOSE
Key
Move Tool V Enables to move images or objects
Rectangular Enables to make rectangular or square
M
Marquee Tool selection
Elliptical Marquee
M Enables to make circle or elliptical selection
Tool
Single Row
M Enables to make single row selection
Marquee Tool
Single Column
M Enables to make single column selection
Marquee Tool
Enables to make free form selection with a
Lasso Tool L
mouse click
Polygonal Lasso
L Enables to make straight edge selection
Tool
Magnetic Lasso Enables to make automatic free form
L
Tool selection on edges
Quick Selection Enables to make quick selection with a
W
Tool brush tip
Magic Wand Tool W Enables to select similar color in an image
Crop Tool C Enables to crop an image
Slice Tool C Enables to create slices in an image
Enables to select the slices created by slice
Slice Select Tool C
tool
Eye Dropper Tool I Enables to select color from an image
Color Sampler Enables to create color samplers in an
I
Tool image

DR.C.THANAVATHI 36
 Enable to position an image precisely
Ruler Tool I
between any two points
Notes Tool I Enables to add test note in an image
Count Tool I Enables to count objects in an image
Spot Healing Enables to remove imperfections and
J
Brush Tool blemishes from an image
Healing Brush Enables to repair pixels by blending them
J
Tool seamlessly
Enable to repair the selected area with
Patch Tool J
pixels of another area
Enables to remove Red Eye effect from an
Red Eye Tool J
image
Enables to paint an image with specified
Brush Tool B
color
Pencil Tool B Enables to paint hard-edged stroke
Color
B Enables to replace specific colors
Replacement Tool
Enables to clone and duplicate the selected
Clone Stamp Tool S
area
Pattern Stamp Enables to paint an image with desired
S
Tool pattern
History Brush Enables to paint with a snapshot present in
Y
Tool the History palette
Enables to paint an image using source data
Art History Tool Y specified from a specified history state or
snapshot
Enables to erase some region from an
Eraser Tool E
image
Background Enables to erase the background of an
E
Eraser Tool image
Enables to erase pixels from similar colored
Magic Eraser Tool E
area

DR.C.THANAVATHI 37
Gradient Tool G Enables to fill gradients
Paint Bucket Tool G Enables to fill with foreground color
Blur Tool - Enables to blur an image
Sharpen Tool - Enables to sharpen an image
Enables to smudge an image as if it is
Smudge Tool -
retouched by a finger
Dodge Tool O Enables to lighten pixels in an image
Burn Tool O Enables to darken pixels in an image
Enables to change the saturation of color in
Sponge Tool O
a selected area
Enables to create lines and curves with
Pen Tool P
anchors points
Freeform Pen Enables to create lines and curves with
P
Tool automatic anchor points
Add Anchor Point Enables to add anchor point in a path
P
Tool created by Pen tool
Delete Anchor Enables to delete anchor point from a path
P
Point created by pen tool
Convert Point Enables to reshape curves in a path created
P
Tool by Pen tool
Horizontal Type
T Enables to type text horizontally
Tool
Vertical Type
T Enables to type text vertically
Tool
Horizontal Type Enables to type text horizontally with
T
Mask Tool masking effect
Vertical Type Enables to type text vertically with masking
T
Mask Tool effect
Path Selection Enables to select path, with anchor point,
A
Tool created by the Pen tool
Direct Selection Enables to change the placement of anchor
A
Toll in a path created by the Pen tool

DR.C.THANAVATHI 38
Rectangle Tool U Enables to draw rectangle or square shapes
Rounded Enables to draw round-edge rectangle or
U
Rectangle Tool square shapes
Ellipse Tool U Enable to draw round or elliptical shapes
Polygon Tool U Enables to draw polygonal shape
Line Tool U Enables to draw straight lines
Custom Shape
U Enables to draw custom shapes
Tool
Enables to rotate a 3D object, model or
3D Rotate Tool K
shape
Enables to rotate a 3D object, model or
3D Roll Tool K
shape on its Z-axis
3D Pan Tool K Moves the object on the X and Y axis
Enables to move a 3D object, model or
3D Slide Tool K shape horizontally, up or down to move the
object, model or shape closer or farther
Enables to increase or decrease the size of
3D Scale Tool K
3D object, model or shape
Orbits the view of an object on X and Y
3D Orbit Tool N
axis
3D Roll View
N Rotates the view of an object on the Z axis
Tool
Pans the view of an object on the X and Y
3D Pan View Tool N
axis
3D Walk View Enables 3D positioning of an object and
N
Tool allows to zoom in or zoom out the object
3D Zoom Tool N Enables to zoom in and out the 3D object
Hand Tool H Enables to navigate an image
Rotate View Tool H Enables to rotate the canvas in any direction
Zoom Tool Z Enables to zoom in or zoom out an image
Set Foreground Enables to select and toggle between back
-
and Background and foreground colors

DR.C.THANAVATHI 39
 Colors
Edit in Standard Enables to edit an image in standard screen
-
Mode mode
Edit in Quick Enables to edit an image in Quick Mask
Q
Mask Mode Mode

Introduction

1. Adobe Photoshop

- The professional image-editing standard

2. Two general usage of Photoshop

- Creating images

- Editing existing images

How to get started?

1st option

Click “Start” >>> Find and click “Photoshop CS4”

Preparation before starting work

Option 1: Creating an image

Option 2: Editing existing images

* Option 1: Creating an image

Step 1: Click “File”  Select “New”

Step 2: Type a name for our work in the name box

 Decide the size of our work

* Option 2: Editing existing image

DR.C.THANAVATHI 40
 Step 1: Click “File”  Select “Open”

Step 2: Search the location of our image in the box  Click “Open”

Menu

1. File

a. Save, Save as, Save for web

Save

Save as: Save as a new file name

Save for web: Save an image as a form of “*.jpg” or “*.gif” which is used for web
image

b. Import, Export

Import: Bring another image into the canvas we are working

Export: Sending the image we are working to other applications

c. Print

2. Edit

a. Undo, Step Forward/Backward

Undo: Cancel the last work

Step Forward: Move to the next stage which we did

Step Backward: Move to the previous stage which we did

b. Cut, Copy, Paste

Cut: Get rid of a part which we select

Copy: Copy a part we select

Paste: Attach the part we copied

DR.C.THANAVATHI 41
3. Image

a. Mode: Select a type of color

b. Image size, Canvas size

Image size: Change the size of the image

Canvas size: change the size of the canvas where we are working

(Bottom of our image)

c. Rotate canvas: Changing the direction of our canvas

4. Layer

a. New, Delete

New: Create a new layer

Delete: Get rid of a layer we selected

b. Arrange

Change the order of layers

c. Merge

Make layers into one layer

5. Filter

Various kinds of technical effects

6. View

Zoom in/out

Zoom in

Zoom out

b. Print size

Help to print only what we need

DR.C.THANAVATHI 42
 c. Extras

Showing horizontal and vertical lines by dividing into separate sectors

7. Windows

- The same function with “view” in other windows applications such as MS-Office
 We can select what we want to make visible on our page and what we don’t want to
make visible on our page
Toolbar

1. Marquee, Lasso, Magic Wand, Crop

2. Move

3. Brush, Gradient, Paint Bucket

4. Erase

5. Clone Stamp, Pattern Stamp

6. Smudge, Dodge, Sponge

7. Text

8. Set Foreground/Background color

1. Marquee, Lasso, Magic Wand, Crop

a. Marquee: Select a part of an image we are working with arranged form such
as rectangular and elliptical.

b. Lasso: Draw selection paths freehand with a mouse

- If we click and hold, we can change the tool so that we can draw polygons

DR.C.THANAVATHI 43
 c. Magic Wand: Select all the same-color or similarly colored adjacent pixels

d. Crop: Crop the image

The selected area will be surrounded with a blinking dotted line

2. Move

Move the image on a selected layer to other part of canvas we are working

3. Brush, Gradient, Paint Bucket

a. Brush: Basic tools for drawing a line

b. Gradient: This helps to paint stage by stage with more than 2 colors

c. Paint Bucket: Fill out a cropped part with just one click of this tool

4. Erase

Erase what we cropped or where we click with our mouse after selecting this tool.

5. Clone Stamp, Pattern Stamp

a. Clone Stamp: Copy a selected part and restore it where we want.

DR.C.THANAVATHI 44
 b. Pattern Stamp: This is nearly the same tool with clone stamp, but we can arrange
the shape we cropped, and we can use it as a fixed shape.

6. Smudge, Dodge, Sponge

a. Smudge: Effect as such rubbing canvas with fingers

b. Dodge: Make it bright the part where we scrub with this tool.

c. Sponge: Saturate or desiderate selected part of an image.

7. Text

Type in various characters

8. Set foreground/background color

Foreground color: The color of image what we draw with a drawing tool such as
brush tool.

Background color: When use the gradient tool, the color will be different from the
foreground color.

Move Tool

Move tool is used to move an image or a portion of the image from one location to
another.

Eyedropper Tool

Eyedropper Tool allows to select the foreground or background color of an image.

DR.C.THANAVATHI 45
Zoom Tool

Zoom tool gives a zoomed or contracted view of an image.

Hand Tool

When we enlarge the size of an image, sometimes the entire image is not visible in the
Document window.

Type Tool

Type refers to test, where text is described as a set of mathematical expressions that
define letters, numbers and other characters.

Quick Selection Tool

Quick selection tool in Photoshop CS4 provides an easy way to make a selection in an
image. It is a brush tip selection tool whose size can be increased and decreased. There are
three main options available under Quick Selection Tool.

 New Selection
 Add to Selection
 Subtract from Selection

3-D Tools and Menu

Photoshop CS4 comes with built-in 3-D tools and the 3-D menu.

ALL NEW TABBED PALETTES

In Photoshop CS4, the palettes have a complete new look. They can be seen in the
form of tabs or icons in the new Photoshop CS4 interface, which increases the work area. The
palettes here can be managed better than that in previous versions of Photoshop.

DR.C.THANAVATHI 46
 E. Palette
1. Color/Swatches/Styles Palette

2. History/Actions/Tool Preset Palette

3. Layers Palette

Layers Palette

Layer Palette: Separate each step of works from others.

By making layers and working different steps on each layer, we can make separate
effects on each layer.

In a flat image, every pixel resides on one single plane. The layer named Background
is the base layer. To start creating layers, they appear in a hierarchal position above each
other inside the Layers palette.

Channels Palette

The Channels palette allows creating and managing channels. The channels palette
lists all the channels in the image in the form of a composite channel (for RGB, CMYK and
Lab images).

Colors Palette

DR.C.THANAVATHI 47
 The colors palette allows us to select a color mode, such as RGB, CMYK and HSB
for the background as well as the foreground.

Color/Swatch/Styles Palette

Color Palette: Mix the color (basically RGB colors) and select it for the foreground and
background colors. In case of another color type, we can choose it among the list of the pop-
up menu

We can choose colors among the samples of colors.

We can choose a special effect of colors on the layer we selected, such as texts,
buttons, and images

History Palette

The history palette use to jump to any recent state of the image created during the
current working session. Each time an image is modified, the new state of the image is added
to the palette.

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History/Action/Tool preset Palette

History Palette: Photoshop automatically save the process of our works. (Basically 20
steps prior to the current work). Change the number of steps it saves: Edit > Preferences >
General (History States)

Actions Palette: Save basic technical effects and adjust it to more than one image

Tool Preset Palette: Select the Brush which we made and saved.

Brushes Palette

The brushes palette contains numerous options to set brush-painting characteristics,

such as color dynamic, brush shape dynamics, texture and paint scattering. It contains a panel
from where one can select a brush tip preset.

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Clone Source Palette

In the clone source palette, we can set up to five different sample sources for the
Clone Stamp tools or Healing Brush tools.

Actions Palette

The Actions palette of Photoshop displays built-in as well as user-defined actions.

Info Palette

The Info palette shows the color values beneath the pointer and depending on the tool
in use, gives other useful information.

SCREEN MODES

The term screen modes refer to the way in which we view the documents in
Photoshop. Photoshop provides different type of screen modes.

The Standard Screen Mode

This is the default mode of viewing images. In the standard screen mode, a document
appears in its standard form. In this mode and image is displayed with all the screen
components, such as Title bar and Menu bar.

Full Screen Mode with Menu Bar

The full screen mode with menu bar option is useful when we want to view an image
on the entire window of Photoshop.

Full Screen Mode

In the full screen mode, we can see the image set against a neutral background. The
Title bar, Menu bar and image window disappear, but we can still see the Toolbox and
different palettes on the screen.

Creating a New Document

Whenever we create a new document, Photoshop displays the new dialog box in
which we have to specify values for the options. The values specified in the new dialog box
affect the height, width and resolution of the document.

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Saving Files

After creating the new file, it needs to be saved in order to store its data in the
memory of the computer.

Selecting a Workspace

A workspace is an arrangement of the work area, where our position and arrange
palettes and menus. Photoshop offers different workspace according to the tasks wants to
perform. When select a particular workspace the most frequently used palettes and menus of
the selected workspace are displayed. For example, the color and tonal correction workspace
highlights the options used to make color and tonal corrections in the images.

Some important workspaces provided by Photoshop CS4 are as follows:

 Essentials: Displays all commands under different menu commands and palettes by
default. This is the default workspace of Photoshop CS4 and appears when we launch
Photoshop for the first time. The essentials workspace is used when we want to work
with all the menus and palettes.
 Basic: Displays menus with basic commands and palettes required for beginner-level
users. On selecting this workspace, the Palette well appears minimized with only the
basic palettes required to work in Photoshop. Generally basic workspace displays
palettes, menus and menu commands for a beginner level user.
 What’s New in CS4: Displays palettes of the previously active workspace and all
new commands under different menus appear highlighted in color. This workspace is
used when we want to know and use new commands included in Photoshop CS4.
 Advanced 3D: Displays palettes and commands used to create and work with 3-D
images.
 Analysis: Displays palettes and commands that allow us to analyze minute details of
an image. For example, this workspace displays Histogram, Channel and Info
palettes, which are quite useful in obtaining the color profile of an image.
 Automation: Displays palettes and menu commands related to automation tasks
carried out in Photoshop. The most common automation task carried out in Photoshop
is creating actions.

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  Color and Tone: Enables photographers to make frequent adjustment to the colors
and tonal level of images to make them more attractive. This workspace displays
palettes and menu commands related to color and tonal corrections.
 Painting: Enables to make new shapes and modify existing images. When we use this
workspace, palettes used for painting and retouching appear in the palette well, where
the menu commands related to painting and retouching images appear highlighted
under different menus.
 Typography: Enables to type of work on text. This workspace displays palettes and
menu commands related to text formatting.
 Web: Enables users either to create and modify images on the websites or to float
these images over the internet.
 Video: Enables to edit video files in Photoshop. When we switch to this workspace,
an additional panel. ANIMATION (TIMELINE) appears at the bottom of the
Photoshop window. ANIMATIOM (TIMELINE) is used to edit video files frame-
wise.

Saving and Deleting the Workspace with the use of Workspace combo box in the
application bar.

WORKING WITH IMAGES

An image is a representation of a real or an imaginary, living or non-living object.

Nowadays, images are digitalized, which means that they can be edited by computer. Digital
images are also known as Raster or Bitmap images and contain a fixed number of rows and
columns of pixels. Raster images, however usually need to be retouched to enhance their
quality. For this, we need to use image-editing software. There is several image-editing
softwares available in the market and among them; Adobe Photoshop is a very popular
choice.

Differences between Bitmap and Vector Images

Images can be categorized into two classes, Bitmap or Raster images and Vector
images. Bitmap images consist of pixels and vector images consist of lines, curves and
shapes, which are placed on top of each other to create the image. A vector image can be
described by using mathematical definitions. Let’s understand the difference between bitmap
and vector images by considering an example.

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 Bitmap images are resolution dependent because the pixels that describe the image are
fixed to a particular size. Enlarging a bitmap image redistributes the pixels in the grid, often
making the edges of the image appear jagged. However, bitmap images are more suitable for
photo realistic images that require complex color variations.

Vector images, on the other hand, are resolution independent and are made up of lines
and curves defined by mathematical objects called vectors, which describe an image
according to its geometric characteristics. We can easily move, resize or reshape a vector
image without losing detail or clarity.

Understanding Image Resolution

Resolution can be defined as the number of pixels per unit of printed length in the
image and it is measured in pixels per inch (ppi). A higher resolution means greater number
of pixels per inch per square area of an image and a lower resolution means fewer number
pixels per inch per square are of the image. In Photoshop, image resolution and pixel
dimension are inter-related.

Changing the Resolution of an Image

The image size command displays vital information about the image such as pixel
dimensions and the resulting file size (the size of the file after making changes, such as
increasing or decreasing the height or width of the image), the current document size and the
resolution of the image. The file size is measured in kilobyte or megabyte. The pixel
dimensions of a file can be changed by changing the resolution or document size of the image
in the image size dialog box. It we want to maintain the same output dimensions, but enhance
the quality of the image, we can do so by changing the resolution of the image.

Changing the Size of a Document

Document size is defined as the height and width of an image. The height and width
of an image can be measured in different measurement units, such as percent, inches,
centimeters, millimeters, points and picas. The height and width can be increased or
decreased in a constrained proportion, that is, if we increase the width of the file, the height
increases automatically in the same proportion. This can be done by selecting the Constrain
Proportions check box in the Image Size dialog box.

Edit Images
DR.C.THANAVATHI 53
 In Photoshop, there are several ways to edit and image. The way we select depends on
the type and extent of editing required in the image. There are a few commonly used editing
tasks, including rotating, cropping and hiding an image. In addition we also learn how to
adjust the size of the canvas and create a duplicate of an image.

Rotating an Image

In Photoshop, we can rotate an image at a predefined angle or at an angle of our

choice. Perform the following steps to rotate and image at a predefined angle:

1. Open an image we want to rotate in the Photoshop window.

2. Select Image  Rotate Canvas 90o CW from the Menu bar.

Cropping an Image

Cropping is the process of removing unwanted portions from the image to create
focus. Cropping also helps we straighten titled images and reduce the size of the document.
In Photoshop, we can crop an image by using the Crop tool, the crop command or the Trim
command. Each of these cropping processes works in different ways. From the image to
create focus. Cropping also helps we straighten titled images and reduce the size of the
document. In Photoshop, we can crop an image by using the Crop tool, the crop command or
the Trim command. Each of these cropping processes works in different ways.

Crop Tool

Perform the following steps to crop and image by using Crop Tool

1. Open the image we want to crop.

2. Select Crop Tool from the Toolbox. The shape of the mouse pointer changes and
appears as a Crop Tool cursor.
3. Drag the mouse pointer over the image to create a rectangular selection over the part
of the image that we want keep and then release the mouse button.

Adjusting the Canvas Size

Canvas size is the complete area of an image that can be edited. Using the Canvas size
option in the image menu, we can increase or decrease the size of a canvas. Increasing canvas
size adds space around and existing image and decreasing the canvas size crops the image.

DR.C.THANAVATHI 54
Duplicating an Image

In Photoshop, we can also create a duplicate of an image. The duplicate image

includes layers, layer masks and channels of the original image, even if they are not saved
permanently in the hard disk and are only available in the temporarily memory of the
computer.

DIFFERENT COLOR MODES IN PHOTOSHOP

Color mode stands for a color model, where the color of each pixel of an image is
combination of the basic colors for the model in different proportions. For example, if an
image is in the RGB (Red, Green and Blue) mode, all the colors used in the image will be
defined as combination of red, green and blue colors in different rations. Each image in
Photoshop has its own color mode. The name of the color mode used in an image appears in
the Title bar of the image. Photoshop has eight different color modes. Let’s discuss these
color modes available starting with RGB.

The RGB Color Mode

Often images are scanned or captured in the Red, Green and Black (RGB) mode. In
this mode, all the colors used in the image are defined as combinations of red, green and blue.
The intensity value for each pixel ranges between 0 (black) to 255 (white). When the values
of all the three colors are equal, the result is a shade of a neutral gray and when the value is
255, the resultant colors is pure white. However, when the value of all the three colors is 0,
the color we get is pure black. Working in the RGB mode is recommended as it is more
compatible than the CMYK (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and Black) mode.

The CMYK Color Mode

After an image is completely edited and is ready to be printed, it is always better to

convert it into the CMYK mode because CMYK mode is printer friendly. When an image is
converted from the RGB mode to CMYK mode, any color that is outside the CMYK gamut is
adjusted by Photoshop to its nearest printable color. The gamut of a mode can be described as
the range of colors supported by that particular mode. If we print an image without
converting it into the CMYK mode, the colors outside the CMYK gamut are not printer
properly, which may result in a low quality print.

DR.C.THANAVATHI 55
 Perform the following steps to view the portions of an image that are outside the
CMYK gamut:

1. Open an image that is in the RGB color mode to view the range of colors that is not
available in the CMYK mode.
2. Select view  Gamut Warning from the Menu bar.

The Indexed Color Mode

The indexed color mode is used in multimedia and web images. This color mode used
up to 256 colors. When an image is converted into the indexed color mode, Photoshop creates
a color table. If a color in the original image is not in the table, Photoshop selects the closest
matching color or makes a new color from the available color. We can also open the indexed
color mode table and edit the colors of the table. To open the color table simply select image
 Mode  Color Table from the Menu bar. However, customizing the color table can also
produce special effects on images in the indexed color mode with limited colors.

The Duotone Color Mode

The Duotone mode defines an image in two colors. To convert an image into the
duotone mode, we first have to convert it into the Grayscale mode.

The Grayscale Color Mode

In case it is not necessary to print an image need in color, then it is advisable to

convert it into the Grayscale mode. This reduces the file size and therefore reduces the time
taken to complete a task.

The HSB Color Mode

This color mode consists of three components: Hue, Saturation and Brightness. The
following is a short description of these components.

1. Hue: Represents colors in their purest form, measured in degrees.

2. Saturation: Refers to the purity of colors. For instance, zero saturation is equal to the
gray color.
3. Brightness: Refers to the degree of lightness or darkness of a color. For instance, the
value zero for brightness represents the black color.

DR.C.THANAVATHI 56
The Lab Color Mode

The Lab color mode has been prepared by an organization known as CIE
(Commission International Exchange). The Lab color mode provides a consistent color
display. This model includes the gamut of both the RGB and CMYK models. The lab color
mode is the preferred editing mode for color experts because it is device independent (that is,
it appears consistent on various devices, such as computers, mobiles and touch screen
devices).

The Lab color mode consists of lightness channel and two additional A channel and B
channel, in the CHANNELS palette. This palette contains a range of colors under both the
channels. The colors that range between green and red are in channel A and those that range
between blue and yellow are in channel B.

The Multichannel Color Mode

Images in the Multichannel mode mainly comprise 256 levels of Gray color. The
multichannel mode is quite useful in specialized color printing. If we delete the RGB, CMYK
or Lab color mode from an image, the color mode of the image automatically turns to
Multichannel color mode.

Changing the Color Mode

As discussed earlier, Photoshop offers eight different color modes and enables us to
convert image from one mode into another. The color mode we select for a particular image
depends on the file format we save it in and the end use for the image. Some modes need to
be saved in a specific file format; for example, an image in the CMYK color mode cannot be
saved in the GIF file format. On the other hand, if we plan to use an image for the internet,
we must use in RGB mode and if we are going to take a grayscale printout of the image, we
must first convert the image into the Grayscale mode.

Perform the following steps to convert an image from one mode into another;

1. Open an image with the RGB color mode.

2. Select Image  Mode  CMYK Color from the Menu bar.

FILE FORMATS IN PHOTOSHOP

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 A critical component in saving a file is selecting the right format for the file. File
format refers to the way the data of a file is represented and saved. Photoshop CS4 supports
nearly 20 different file formats. The format for a file we select depends on the purpose of the
file. For example, if we want a file to save more data in less space, then the file should be
saved in the format which is designed for file compression. Similarly, if we want to export a
file to another application, we should save the file in a format that can run on that application.

Photoshop document (PSD)

PSD is the default Photoshop file format and offers optimum options for all image
editing tasks in Photoshop. It saves all the detail applied to a Photoshop document, such as
channels, layers and transformations. Photoshop works more quickly with a file that is in its
native format (PSD file format) than in any other format.

Bitmap (BMP)

BMP is the standard windows format and is compatible with most of the windows and
DOS application. It supports millions of colors in the form of the RGB, Indexed color,
Grayscale and Bitmap color modes.

Encapsulated PostScript (EPS)

This file format supports the lab, CMYK, RGB, color, Grayscale and Duotone color
modes. EPS can contain both bitmap and vector images. This file format does not support
alpha channels and clipping paths.

Tagged Image File Format (TIFF)

This is the standard format to exchange images between different applications and
computers running on different operating system. It is basically a flexible bitmap image
format supported by almost all image editing applications.

Graphics Interchange Format (GIF)

This file format is commonly used to save indexed color images or Hyper Text
Markup Language (HTML) files, which are used to create web pages. The GIF format also
used LZW compression to reduce the size of a file.

Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG)

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 This format is commonly used for photographs and images in HTML documents and
supports the RGB, CMYK and the Grayscale modes. Saving a file in the JPEG format can
lead to loss of data since it discards pixels to reduce the size of a file.

Portable Document Format (PDF)

PDF files accurately display and preserve fonts, page lawets and vector and bitmap
images, based on the EPS imaging model. In addition, PDF files can contain text search tools
and navigation features, such as electronic links. PDF supports 16 bits per channel images.
Adobe Acrobat includes the Touch up object tool, which is used for minor editing of images
in a PDF file.

WORKING WITH SELECTIONS

Working with selection tool

Photoshop provides a number of selection tools that are used to make selection in
different ways for different shapes. Using these selection tools, we can cut an area from the
background of an image, adjust the color of a selected are of an image, apply image morphing
paint a selected area of an image in order to add more details to the image and make it eye-
catching.

In Photoshop, Shape-based Selection tools are categorized under the following three
major groups:

1. Marquee tools
2. Lasso tools
3. Quick selection and Magic Wand tools

Marquee Tool

Marquee selection tools help to select desired areas of an image in geometrical

patterns. We can select areas of an image in rectangular, square, elliptical or circular shapes
by using various Marquee tools. When we use Marquee Tool and select an area of an image
by dragging the mouse pointer, the selected area of the image is surrounded by a dashed
border. This area bears the geometrical shape corresponding to the Marquee tool used and is
referred to as the selection Marquee.

Click any of the tools under the fly out to enable the tool
DR.C.THANAVATHI 59
 1. Rectangular Marquee Tool: Selects portions of an image in the shape of a rectangle of
square when Ctrl key is on.
2. Elliptical Marquee Tool: Selects portions of an image in an elliptical or circular shape
when Ctrl key is on.
3. Single Row Marquee Tool: Select a single row of pixels of an image
4. Single Column Marquee Tool: Selects a single column of pixels of an image. After
having brief knowledge of different Marquee selection tools, let’s proceed ahead and
learn about making selections with Marquee tools.

Lasso Tools

In addition to the Marquee tools, Photoshop offers different type of Lasso tools to
make selections. These tools allow to make free head selections on an image. When we use
Marquee tools, we make selections in a defined shape, such as rectangular, elliptical and
circular. With the Lasso tools, we can select any kind of shape.

Using Lasso Tool

Before selecting an area of an image with Lasso Tool, we must set the options for the
Lasso Tool in the options bar.

Using Polygonal Lasso Tool

Polygonal Lasso Tool is used to make straight-edged selections, either horizontal or

vertical. The first click is considered as the starting point of the selection and as we drag and
click to extend the selection path, a node is created at the particular point. Once the selection
process is complete, we need to close the selection path clicking the same point where we
started the selection.

Using Magnetic Lasso Tool

Magnetic Lasso Tool is easier to use as compared to other tools because when we
drag this tool onto an image, the tool adheres to the edges of the object being selected and
keeps adding nodes to the selection. This simplifies the process of making free hand
selections.

Magic Wand Tool

DR.C.THANAVATHI 60
 Magic Wand Tool is used to select adjacent areas of the same luminosity in an image.
The selection depends on a value referred to as the tolerance setting. If we specify higher
tolerance value, then a wider range of pixels will be selected. In Photoshop CS4, Magic
Wand Tool is present in the fly out menu of Quick selection Tool. We can use magic wand
tool by clicking the small black triangle on quick selection tool in the toolbox and selecting
magic wand tool from the fly out.

DRAWING, PAINTING AND RETOUCHING TOOLS

Setting the Current Foreground and Background Colors

The colors of the canvas on which and image is placed or set is called the Background
color and the colors in which the image is drawn or painted are collectively known as
foreground colors. In Photoshop, we can set the foreground and background colors of an
image in a variety of ways by using the color picker dialog box Swatches palette, Eyedropper
tool and color sampler tool.

As mentioned earlier, we can set the current foreground or background color of a

Photoshop document by using the following components:

1. The color picker dialog box

2. Eyedropper tool
3. The color palette
4. The swatches palette

Eyedropper Tool

Suppose we want to use a color of an image in another image but are not able to find
the color in the color picker dialog box. In such a case, we can use eyedropper tool to take a
sample of the color we do not have from the image that has the color and set it in the colors
palette to be used as a foreground or background color. This is an easy and convenient
method for adding and selecting colors not originally found in the color picker dialog box. In
the following sections, we learn how to select the foreground and background colors by using
eyedropper tool and toggle the background and foreground colors.

Using Custom Shape Tool

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 Custom shape tool includes a collection of predesigned shapes, such as star, sun,
moon, flower, circle, rectangle, square, polygon and animal silhouettes.

The Painting Tools

Photoshop provides several tools to paint images and edit their color. For example,
Brush tool works similar to a traditional painting tool and can be used to apply color with
brush strokes. Similarly, Gradient tool and paint bucket tool are used to apply color to large
areas of an image or selection. In the options bar for each tool, we can set the way we want
the color to be applied to an image and also select a brush size from the brush presets picker.
In the following sections, we learn about gradient tool, paint bucket tool, brush tool, pencil
tool and color replacement tool.

Gradient Tool

Gradient tool is used to fill an area with transitions (ascending or descending) from
one color to another. We can fill an area with linear, radial, angle reflected, diamond and
multi-colored gradients. A gradient fill can be applied to a selection or an entire layer. The
starting point (where the mouse button is clicked on an image) and ending point (where the
mouse button is released) affect the gradient’s appearance, depending on the pattern selected
by the used gradient tool cannot be used on images in the bitmap or indexed color modes.

The following give type of gradient fills that can be applied to a selection or a layer:

 Linear: Applies the gradient from the start point to the point in a straight line
 Radial: Applies the gradient in a circular pattern
 Angle: Applies the gradient at a defined angle
 Reflected: Applies symmetric linear gradients on either the left of right side of the
starting point
 Diamond: Applied to create a starting point in the outward diamond pattern.

Paint Bucket Tool

Paint bucket tool is used to change the color of pixels to those of the foreground color
based on a tolerance setting. If the tolerance value is low, pixels within a range very similar
color values will be filled and a high tolerance value fills pixels within a broader range. Paint

DR.C.THANAVATHI 62
bucket tool fills the entire area with the foreground color with just a single click. This tool
can be used within a selection or on the entire image.

Brush Tool

Brush tool as the name suggest, works similar to a traditional paintbrush. This tool
creates smooth strokes for the foreground color of an image. Brush tool appears with a circle
icon as the cursor, which indicates the current position of the brush.

Pencil Tool

Pencil tool is a hard edged brush. This tool always creates a hard edge that is not anti-
aliased. Pencil tool is used to fill an area in a single shade or to draw a basic drawing. Some
shapes with hard edges created by using pencil tool.

Color Replacement Tool

Color replacement tool simplifies the process of replacing specific colors in an image.
We can edit an image or a selection and replace its original color with a new one. Color
replacement tool does not work in bitmap images or in the indexed or multi-channel color
modes.

Retouching Tools

Many tools in Photoshop are used to enhance or retouch images. Some retouching
actually fixes the elements that reduce image quality, such as a patch, scan line or red eye.
We can remove these and other such defects from our images with the help of the retouching
tools. In the following sections, we learn how to use these retouching tools. The most
commonly used retouching tools we discuss are spot healing brush tool, healing brush tool,
patch tool clone stamp tool, eraser tool, blur tool, sharpen tool, smudge tool, dodge tool, burn
tool and sponge tool.

Spot Healing Brush Tool

Spot healing brush tool quickly removes blemishes and other imperfections in an
image. This tool works similar to healing brush tool. It paints the sampled pixels taken from
an image or pattern, matching elements such as texture, lighting, transparency and shading of
the sampled pixels and paints the targeted pixels with the characteristics of the sampled

DR.C.THANAVATHI 63
pixels. Unlike healing brush tool, we do not need to specify a sample spot while using spot
healing brush tool. This tool automatically samples pixels around the retouched area.

Healing Brush Tool

Healing brush tool allows us to remove imperfections by making them disappear into
the surrounding area. Similar to cloning tools, use healing brush tool to paint with sampled
pixels from an image or pattern. However, similar to spot healing brush tool, healing brush
tool also matches the texture, lighting transparency and shading of the sampled pixels to the
source pixels. As a result, the repaired pixels blend seamlessly into the rest of the image.

Patch Tool

Patch tool allows us to repair a selected area or a pattern from within an image or
another image. Similar to healing brush tool, patch tool matches the texture, lighting and
shading of the sampled pixels to the source pixels. We can also use patch tool to clone
isolated areas of an image. Patch tool works similar to lasso tool.

Clone Stamp Tools

Clone stamp tool is the perfect tool for retouching or repainting an image. This tool is
also called rubber stamp tool and is used to clone or duplicate selected areas of an image and
remove blemishes or scratches from them.

Pattern Stamp Tool

Pattern stamp tool works in the same way as clone stamp tool, except that pattern
stamp tool clones from predefined areas of pixels, such as a pattern, rather than from a source
point in the image. When using pattern stamp tool, we first have to define a pattern by using
the define pattern option in the edit menu and then clone this pattern by using pattern stamp
tool on an image.

Eraser Tool

Eraser tool works similar to an ordinary eraser to erase portions of an image. When
working on the background layer, we can use eraser tool to erase pixels to transparency, that
is, the pixels from the background layer are removed and as a result the underlying layer in
the layers palette is exposed. When working on a layer other than the background layer, the
pixels of that layer are removed to expose the pixels of the background layer.
DR.C.THANAVATHI 64
Background Eraser Tool

Background eraser tool erase pixels of an image and makes it transparent. In multi-
layered images, the pixels of the background layer are erased. As we click the image and drag
the mouse pointer, background eraser tool automatically converts the background layer to a
normal layer with a transparent background.

The option bar of background eraser tool provides the following types of sampling:

 Continuous: Allows us to set different samples continuously as we drag over an

image. This is helpful when we have to erase pixels of different colors from adjacent
areas.
 Once: Limits the erasing action to the pixels similar in color to the portion where we
clicked first (that is, where we clicked the first time to select the pixel).
 Background Swatch: Erases only the portion containing the current background
color.

Similarly, the limits option in background eraser tool provides the following three
options:

 Discontinuous: Erases similarly colored areas from non-adjacent areas.

 Contiguous: Erases similarly colored areas from adjacent areas.
 Find Edges: Erases pixels from similarly colored adjacent areas while preserving the
edge contrast so that the edge boundaries of the image remain unaffected.

Magic Eraser Tool

Magic eraser tool can be compared to magic wand tool, which is used to select
similarly colored areas in an image based on a tolerance setting. Magic eraser tool is used to
erase pixels from similarly colored ears of an image based on the tolerance values. The
tolerance value, in the options bar, determines the range of colors of the pixels to be erased.
The opacity value determines the strength of the erasure. For instance, 100% opacity
completely erases the pixels from an area of an image, while 50% opacity performs partial
erasing. It the contiguous check box is cleared in the options bar, the pixels of the color
similar to the sampled area (the portion of the image we clicked the first time) area erased
from the entire image or selection. In addition, if the anti-aliased check box is selected, magic
eraser tool preserves the smoothness of the edges in the erased area.

DR.C.THANAVATHI 65
Blur Tool

Blur tool softens an image or makes it blurry. It works by reducing the contrast
between pixels. Blur tools is used to highlight an area in an image by blurring the rest of the
image or to smooth jagged edges.

Sharpen Tool

Sharpen tool is used to increase the contrast and clarity of blurred images with soft
edges sharpening enhances the definition of edges in an image. Whether taken from a digital
camera or scanner, most images benefit from sharpening. The degree of sharpening needed
varies depending on the quality of the digital camera or scanner. Remember that sharpening
cannot correct a severely blurred image. The following are some notes and tips to remember
when sharpening an image.

Smudge Tool

Smudge tool is powerful tool of Photoshop as it drags out the image pixels and creates
the effect of smudging wet paint with a finger.

Dodge Tool

Dodge tool is used to lighten the pixels in an image. This tool is based on a traditional
photographer’s technique that regulates the exposure on specific areas of a print.
Photographers hold back light to lighten an area on the print known as dodging.

Burn Tool

Burn tool is opposite in function to dodge tool in that it darkens the pixels. This tool is
used to darken a specific area of an image. Sometimes, excessive diffusion of light can also
spoil the quality of the image. For instance, an excessively lightened image may not be very
pleasant to look at. In such a case, we can use burn tool to darken the pixels of the image to
make it more pleasing to the eye. The options bar of the burn tool is similar to the options bar
of the dodge tool. We can select the shadows, midtowns and highlights options from the
range option to burn the image. We can also set the level of exposure in the exposure option
in the options bar. Exposure determines the extent to which the area is to be darkened.

Sponge Tool

DR.C.THANAVATHI 66
 Sponge tool is used to change the color saturation of an area in the image. For
example, while working in the grayscale mode, sponge tool increase or decrease the contrast
of an image by moving the gray levels away from or toward the middle gray. We can use
sponge tool to select a part of an image or the entire image. However, from beginners, it is
recommended to make a selection in the image before using sponge tool. This reduces the
chances of working outside the required area in the image.

MASTERING LAYERS IN PHOTOSHOP AND LAYER STYLE

About the LAYERS Palette

Before starting to work with layers, we must learn about the LAYERS palette. The
LAYERS palette is a palette that contains the name of all the layers in an image. It also
shows us whether a layer is currently visible or not. Using the LAYERS palette, we can
create, delete, show and hide layers. We can also create layer sets, link layers and merge
layers.

Let’s discuss the important features of the LAYERS palette.

 Layers: The layers palette contains the names of all the layers (visible and hidden) in
the image
 Layer 1
 Background layer
 The Eye Icon: The eye icon presents on the left most columns of the layers palette
indicates the visibility of a layer. We can show/hide a layer using this icon.
 Blending Modes: A layer’s blending mode determines how its pixels blend with
underlying pixels in an image. We can create a variety of special effects using
blending modes. We can select a blend mode by clicking the down arrow button
beside the normal option and selection any blending modes from the list that appears.
 Opacity Value: When we click the button on the opacity combo box, a slider bar
appears. Drag the slider bar handle to increase or decrease the opacity value of the
selected layer.
 Lock Transparency: Locks the transparent areas only of the layer and restricts any
modifications.
 Lock Image: Locks the entire layer (including the transparent areas) and restrict any
modifications.
DR.C.THANAVATHI 67
  Lock Position: Prevents the movement of the contents of a layer.
 Lock All: Disables any kind of editing on the layer.

Let us briefly discuss the controls of bottom most bar of layers palette

 Link Layers: Links two or more layers or group. Unlike multiple layers selected at
the same time, linked layers retain their relationship until we manually unlink them.
We can move, apply transformations and create clipping masks from linked layers.
 Add a Layer Style: Adds a number of styles to the layer. Styles add visual effects,
such as drop shadow, glow, bevel and emboss to a layer and thereby improve the
appearance of the image. The list of the available style appear as a pop-up menu when
we click the small black arrow which is present at the right bottom corner of the add a
layer style icon.
 Add Layer Mask: Creates a layer mask.
 Create a New Adjustment Layer: Creates a new adjustment layer. An adjustment
layer allows us to view the image in a different size or style without changing the
content of the original image. A detailed discussion on the adjustment layer has been
provided later in this chapter.
 Create a New Group: Creates a layer group. Once the layer group is created, drag
the layers into the layer group folder. We can expand or collapse the layer group with
the help of a small triangle that appears before the group name to see or hide the
layers in the layer group.
 Create a New Layer: Creates a new layer
 Delete Layer: Delete the selected layer. The selected layer is the one that is
highlighted in the layers palette.

Working with Layers

Layers facilitate us in expressing our creativity, whether it is to merge several images

into one or adding different layer styles to different layers. We can edit endlessly and that
tool speedily and efficiently with the help of layers. However, before going further, we must
know how to work with layers. In this section, we learn to:

Create new layers

Show and Hide layers
Sort and Reposition layers
DR.C.THANAVATHI 68
 Link and merge layers
Flatten all the layers in an image into one
Delete layers

Creating a New Layer

A new layer is created to add a sheet of pixels to an image, where we can copy, paste
or create some shape, object or image and edit them separately. We can also create a new
layer from the layers palette available under the layer menu.

Changing the Stacking Order of the Layer

We can change the appearance of an image by re-ordering the hierarchy of layers.

Whenever a layer is moved up or down in the layers palette, its content
(object/pixels/drawing) also moves in the image. In Photoshop, we can change the stacking
order of layers from the layers palette. Depending on the new position (placed before or after
an existing layer) of the layer in the layers palette, the overall look of the image changes in
the document window.

Relocating layers in the image

In the Photoshop file, we can also change the position of layer’s content in the
document window without changing the hierarchy of layers in the layers palette. The move
tool is commonly used to move the content of a layer in the document window.

Merging Layers

Photoshop allows us to merge two or more layers into one, which, in turn, not only
allows the simultaneous editing of the merged layers, but also helps in reducing the size of
the file since the file size increase with the number of layers in a file. Perform the following
steps to merge layers into a single layer.

Flattening Images

Merging all the layers of an image into a single layer is known as flattening. When the
layers in an image are flattened, then all of them are treated as one layer. Flattening an image
reduces the file size and results in only a single background layer.

Moving Layers between Images

DR.C.THANAVATHI 69
 We can also move layers from one image to another. This avoids copying a layer from
one document and pasting it into another one.

Linking and Unlinking Layers

We can link two or more layers or groups. Unlink multiple layers selected at the same
time; linked layers retain their link with other layers until we unlink them. We can either
move or apply transformations to linked layers.

Deleting Layers

Sometimes an image may contain unnecessary layers or layers that are no longer
required at the time of final output. Therefore, to avoid clustering of layers in the layers
palette and maintain a moderate file size, unwanted layers are deleted. We can delete a layer
either from the layer menu or from the layers palette.

Working with Adjustment Layers

Adjustment layers provide flexibility while editing images in Photoshop. The

adjustment layers option is used to get an idea of the appearance on an image in case we
make some changes to it, without actually changing the image. The adjustment layers option
facilitates us in controlling the appearance of an image by altering brightness/contrast, color
balance, levels and the rest. The functionality of the adjustment layer option is similar to that
of a lens placed on the pixels to obtain an enlarged, diminished or stylized view of image. In
this way, we can preview an image before the changes are actually applied to it. We can
apply the adjustment layer option as a permanent change if we find the result satisfactory or
else we can discard it.

APPLYING BLEND MODES

Blend modes determine how the colors in different layers interact with each other.
Blend modes help produce a multitude of interesting, sometimes even unusual, effects. We
can easily apply, change or discard blend modes with no permanent damage to we layers.

In addition to these, we have a number of blending modes in Photoshop, which are

available in the layers palette. We can apply any of these blending modes according to we
requirement. Let’s learn about the various blending modes:

DR.C.THANAVATHI 70
 Normal: Allows each pixel to appear in its original state. At 100% opacity, the selected
layer colors do not blend with that of the layer beneath it. This mode is the default
blending mode.
 Dissolve: Works with a layer that has an opacity setting of less than 100%. The effect of
dissolve blending mode appears best when a layer has a lower opacity value. The effect is
created by allowing some pixels from layers, which are randomized, to show through the
target layer.
 Darken: Converts lighter pixels to darker and keep darker pixels unchanged. If the pixels
on the selected layer are lighter than the layer beneath, the lighter pixels turn darker. On
the other hand, if the pixels on the selected layer are darker, they appear unchanged.
 Multiply: Searches first the color information in the selected layer and darkens all colors
of the layer beneath the selected layer. The final color in the image is always a darker
color. The effect is similar to that of drawing on the image with multiple marking pens.
 Color Burn: Searches for the color information in the selected layer and darkens the
layers beneath it in the layers palette. This mode increases the contrast of the image.
 Linear Burn: Darkens the layers beneath the selected layer. This effect is similar to the
multiply effect but tends to make specific portions of we image into pure black.
 Darker Color: Operates on all channels simultaneously rather than operating on one
channel at a time (similar to the lighter color option). When blending two colors with this
mode, only the darker color is visible. This blend mode works in the same way as the
darken mode.
 Lighten: This mode has the inverse effect to that of the Darken mode. If the pixels on the
layer are darker than those beneath, the darker pixels turn transparent. If the pixels on the
layer are lighter, they appear unchanged.
 Screen: In this mode, channel information of each color is searched for by the Photoshop
and then multiply the blend and base colors. The result color is always a lighter color.
Screening with black, leaves the color unchanged. Screening with white produces white.
The effect is similar to that of projecting multiple photographic slides on top of each
other.
 Color Dodge: Checks the color information in each channel and brightens the base color
to reflect the blend color by decreasing the contrast. Blending with black produces no
change.

DR.C.THANAVATHI 71
 Linear Dodge: Checks the color information in each channel and brightens the base color
to reflect the blend color by increasing the brightness. Blending with black produces no
change.
 Lighter Color: Operates on all channels, simultaneously. The lighter color is visible
when blending two colors with this mode. This mode works in the same way as the
lighten mode. The only difference is that, lighten modes operate only on a single channel
at a time.

Multiplies the colors, depending on the base color. Patterns or colors overlay the existing
pixels while preserving the highlights and shadows of the base color. The base color is
not replaced, but is mixed with the blend color to reflect the lightness or darkness of the
original color.

 Soft Light: Darkens or lightens the colors, depending on the blend color. The effect is
similar to that of shining a diffused spotlight on the image. If the blend color (light
source) is lighter than 50% gray, the image is lightened as if it were hidden. If the blend
color is darker than 50% gay, the image is darkened as if it were burned. Painting with
pure black or white produces a distinctly darker or lighter area but does not result in pure
black or white.
 Hard Light: Multiplies the colors, depending on the blend color. The effect is similar to
that of shining a harsh spotlight on the image. If the blend color (light source) is lighter
than 50% gray, the image is lightened, as if it were screened. This is useful for adding
highlights to an image. If the blend color is darker than 50% gray, the image appears
darker. This is useful for adding shadows to an image painting with pure black or white
results in pure black or white.
 Vivid Light: Burns or hides the colors by increasing the contrast, depending on the blend
color. If the blend color (light source) is lighter than 50% gray, the image is lightened by
decreasing the contrast. If the blend color is darker than 50% gray, the image is darkened
by increasing the contrast.
 Linear Light: Burns or hides the colors by decreasing or increasing the brightness,
depending on the blend color. If the blend color (light source) is lighter than 50% gray,
the image is lightened in increasing the brightness. If the blend color is darker than 50%
gray, the image is darkened to decreasing the brightness.

DR.C.THANAVATHI 72
 Pin Light: Replaces the colors, depending on the blend color. If the blend color (light
source) is lighter than 50% gray, pixels darker than the blend color are replaced and
pixels lighter than the blend color do not change. If the blend color is darker than 50%
gray, pixels lighter than the blend color and replaced with colors of layer beneath it in the
layers palette, which leads to darker pixels than the blend color. This is useful for adding
special effects to an image.
 Hard Mix: Applies a pasteurization effect based on the selected layer’s opacity value. A
higher opacity value of the selected layer creates high pasteurization effect.
 Difference: Checks the color information in each channel and subtracts either the blend
color from the base color or the base color from the blend color, depending on which has
a greater brightness value. Blending with white inverts the base color values; blending
with black produces on change.
 Exclusion: Creates and effect similar to, but lower in contrast, than the difference mode.
Blending with white inverts the base color values. Blending with black produces on
change.
 Hue: Creates the luminance and saturation effect of the base color and the effect of the
blend color.
 Saturation: Creates the luminance and effect of the base color and the saturation of the
blend color. Painting with this mode in an area with no (0) saturation (gray) causes no
change.
 Color: Creates the luminance of the base color and the effect and saturation of the blend
color. This preserves the gray levels in the image and is useful for coloring monochrome
images, and for tinting color images.
 Luminosity: Creates the effect and saturation of the base color and the luminance of the
blend color. This mode creates an inverse effect, as compared to that of the color mode.

MASKING LAYERS

Masking layers is a valuable compositing technique for combining multiple pictures

into a single image or for making color and tonal corrections. Masking layers allows showing
or hiding portions of a layer or protecting specific areas of an image from editing. There are
two types of masks; layer mask and vector mask.

Layer Masking

DR.C.THANAVATHI 73
 Layer masks are resolution dependence bitmap images that are created with either
painting or selection tools. A layer mask is a grayscale bitmap image, therefore, areas that we
paint in black seem hidden, areas we paint in white appear visible and areas we paint in
shades of grey appear in various level of transparency.

Vector Masking

Vector masks are resolution independent and are created with pen, shape tool or type
tool. A vector mask creates a sharp edged shape on a layer and is useful anytime we want to
add a design element with clean, defined edges. After we create a layer with the vector mask,
we can apply one or more layer styles on it and edit them, if required.

Type Masking

The type mask tool is provided in the fly out of the type tool in the toolbox. When we
use the horizontal type mask tool or vertical type mask tool, we create a selection in the shape
of the type. Type selection appears on the active layer and can be moved, copied, filled or
stroked just like any other selection.

Shape Masking

Shape masking works in the same way as type masking. The only difference between
type and shape masking is final output. In shape masking a cutout image emerges as final
output and shape of the cutout image depends upon the shape selected by the user.

LAYER STYLE

Photoshop provides a number of styles that can be applied to layers. This makes
working with layers both exciting and satisfying and also provides a better control on images
since can apply styles on the layers individually. Some of the commonly used styles include
drop shadow, glow and bevel and emboss. When a layer is applied a particular style or effect,
an icon appears after the name of the layer in the layers palette. When we move or edit the
pixels of a layer, the style applied to that layer is updated automatically. We can also save the
layer affects we create for future use.

Using the layer style dialog box

A layer style to a layer is applied from the layer style dialog box. Therefore, before
applying a layer style, we should know how to access the layer style dialog box. There are
DR.C.THANAVATHI 74
two ways to open layer style dialog box. The first way to open the layer style dialog box by
using the layer menu while second is by using the layers palette.

Applying a Layer Style

Now that one have some idea about the layer style dialog box, and also noted the
points to remember while using a layer style, let’s learn how to apply a layer style to an
image.

 Drop Shadow: Applies a soft shadow to the layer, making the layer appear to float in the
air. We can apply a Drop Shadow effect to an image, type (text), or a shape contained
within the layer. Photoshop allows us to specify the color, opacity, blend mode, position,
size and contour of the effect.
 Inner Shadow: Applies basic drop shadows to the inside boundaries of an image, type of
a shape contained within a layer.
 Outer Glow: Applies a circle of light around an image, type or a shape contained within
the layer.
 Inner Glow: Applies glow effects to the inside boundaries of an image, type or shape
contained within the layer.
 Bevel and Emboss: Applies a three dimensional edge effect to an image, type or shape
contained within a layer. We can specify the style from the list that appears for the bevel
and emboss option. Which includes outer bevel, inner bevel, emboss.
 Satin: Ads variations in opacity by creating waves of repeated color as defined in the
contour option.
 Color Overlay: Coats a layer with a solid color
 Gradient Overlay: Coats a layer with a gradient.
 Pattern Overlay: Coats a layer with pattern selected from the pattern combo box.
 Stroke: Creates a colored outline around an image, type of shape contained within the
layer.
Unit 5: AUTOMATION, 3D AND PRINTING IN PHOTOSHOP (5 hours)
Performing Photo Merge in Photoshop: Text Editing in Photoshop – Finding and
Replacing Text; Creating 3D Artwork in Photoshop: Creating 3D Shape - Editing 3D
Shape – Loading a New Texture to 3D Shape; Animation in Photoshop, Printing in
Photoshop.

DR.C.THANAVATHI 75
 3D ANNIMATION AND PRINTING IN PHTOSHOP

Creating 3D Artwork in Photoshop

Anyone who is working with Photoshop for quite a long time known that the word 3D
is a blessing. For the first time, Photoshop users can create and distribute their 3D work
without using any other software. On the menu bar, not only there is dedicated 3D menu
which includes all options to convert we conventional images into eye catching 3D shapes,
but also 3D tools in the toolbox which help we rotate 3D shapes.

In this unit learn to create a 3D shape, perform basic editing tasks on this 3D shape
and load texture to 3D shapes.

Creating a 3D shape

Photoshop provides different built in 3D shapes such as Hat, Pyramid, Donut, and
Soda Can, which we can use to create 3D shapes. However, only one shape can be assigned
to the image. Thus, we need to be very selective while choosing a 3D shape.

Editing 3D Shape

Photoshop provides editing options in the 3D palette. By default, the 3D palette

appears in the palette well. In case it is not appearing, then select Window  3D from the
menu bar. Once the 3D palette appears in the palette well, we can access various options and
make changes in the 3D shape. For example, we can change the level of light for the 3D
shape, load new texture in the 3D shape.

Loading a New Texture to 3D Shape

Loading a texture to 3D shape means, adding an image to the existing 3D shape. Once
we select an image, 3D shape appears with the new image.

Animation in Photoshop

It is known that flash is an easy to use, and versatile software that creates animation
quickly. However, this was true till animation technique was not introduced in Photoshop.
Now, in Photoshop CS4 version, it is possible to create 3D animation. The key concepts of
creating animation like timeline, frame, key frames, and frames per second (FPS), etc. are
same in Photoshop as in other animation software such as flash. Therefore, anyone who is

DR.C.THANAVATHI 76
migrating from flash or is familiar with these terms will be able to grasp and master these
animation techniques of Photoshop speedily.

Printing in Photoshop

The print command allows us to print a document. To print a document, the necessary
printing software (usually provided by the printer manufacturer) must be installed on our
computer. Whether we are printing an image or sending it to a printing facility for mass scale
printing, knowing a few basics about printing such as paper size, orientation, margins, duplex
printing, makes the job smooth and helps ensure that the finished image appears as intended.

UNIT 6: ONLINE TEACHING AND LEARNING TOOLS (15 hours)

Learning Management Tool: Google Classroom, - Classroom Management Tool: Blog - Text
Communication Tools: Whatsapp, Telegram.

Online Collaboration Tools (Google Apps in Education): Google Drive, Google Docs,
Google Slides, Google Spreadsheets, Jamboard - Web Conferencing Tools: Google Meet,
Zoom Digital Media Tools: Nearpod, Kahoot, Mentimeter, Padlet.

https://www.youtube.com/c/THANAVATHIC

https://thanavathi.wordpress.com/

https://www.slideshare.net/thna1581981

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Thanavathi-C/publications

https://online.fliphtml5.com/ozocr/rfob/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Licpa049gdY

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yTNFzcyB5dk&t=929s

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4GnmaOXD10

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QQSdPXN7ra8

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8g7nxU-MbJc

DR.C.THANAVATHI 77
 PRACTICALS

TEXT EFFECTS 1

Step 1- Create new file with 72 pixels/inch and white background. The mode has to be RGB.
Type the text with thick font.

Step 2- Duplicate the text layer then Rasterize (LayerRasterize Type) it.

Step 3- Fill the layer with white color using paint bucket tool.

Note: Work with rasterized layer till the end of steps.

Step 4- Apply filterBlurGaussian blur set the blur value to 2.5to 3.

Step 5- Apply filterDistortpolar coordinates. Set the option to rectangular.

Step 6- Apply filterstylishwind. Set the method to wind and Direction—from the right.
Repeat the same step once again to apply the wind. In short cut Method Press Ctrl+F.

Step 7-ImageRotate Canvas90deg CW. Apply ImageAdjustmentsAuto levels.

Apply Image----Adjustments---Invert.

Step 8- Apply filterStylish---wind two times.

Step 9 – Rotate the image to 90 deg CCW. Then apply wind filter two times.

Step 10 - Apply filterDistortPolar coordinates. Set the option Rectangular to polar.

Step 11- Go to imageAdjustmentsHue/Saturation. Check the Colorize check box then

click OK.

Step 12 – Set the layer blend option to hard light.

Step 13 – Go to imageAdjustmentsHue/Saturation. Adjust the hue-saturation to obtain

the desire color.

Note: The output is varies depends on the font face, blur value and wind values.

TEXT EFFECTS 2 – Fire Effects

Step 1 - Create new file with 72 pixels/inch and black background. Thentype the text in white
color.

DR.C.THANAVATHI 78
Step 2 - Rasterize the text layer (Layer---Rasterize ---Type).

Step 3 - Apply filter---Stylish---wind two times.

Step 4 - Rotate the image to 90 deg CW. Then apply filter---Stylish---wind two times.

Step 5 - Rotate the image to 90 deg CW. Then apply filter---Stylish---wind two times.

Step 6 - Rotate the image to 90 deg CW. Then apply filter---Stylish---wind two times.

Step 7- Rotate the image to 90 deg CW. Then apply filter---Distort---Ripple. Set the amount
to 100% and Size to Medium.

Step 8 –Change the mode to Grayscale (ImageModeGrayscale). (Don’t’ flatten the

image).

Step 9 – Change the mode to indexed color (Image Mode to indexed color). Press OK
for Flatten Layer.

Step 10 - Apply image ---Mode---color Table. Set the table option to Black Body.

Step 11 - Change the mode to RGB (Image Mode RGB). Then type the text in black
color with same font style and place it over correctly.

TEXT EFFECTS 3 – Blood Effects

Step 1 - Create new file with 72 pixels/inch and white background. The mode has to be
Grayscale type the text with thick font.

Step 2 – select>Load Selection. Choose Layer Transparency.

Step 3 – Layer> Flatten Image.

Step 4 – Select> Inverse.

Step 5 - filter---Pixelate---Crystallize (cell size 4).

Step 6 - Select> Inverse.

Step 7- Noise>Add Noise (Gaussian, Monochromatic amount 70).

Step 8 – BlurGaussian blur (Radius 2.0).

DR.C.THANAVATHI 79
Step 9 – Image AdjustCurve. Make the curve as shown in figure.

Step 10 –Press Ctrl + D to deselect.

Step 11 - Image Adjust Invert.

Step 12 - Image Rotate Canvas>90 CW.

Step 13 - Filter---Stylish---wind.

Step 14 – Method: Wind Direction: From the Right.

Step 15 - Image Rotate Canvas>90 CCW.

Step 16 - Image Mode>RGB.

Step 17 - Image Adjust>Hue Saturation.

Step 18 – Click colourize.

Step 19 – Drag the Saturation slider to 100.

Step 20 - Drag the Lightener slider to -5.

TEXT EFFECTS 4 – Neon Effects

Step 1 - Create new file with 72 pixels/inch and white background. Type the text using black
color with thin font.

Step 2 – Layer> Flatten Image.

Step 3 – Image Adjust Invert.

Step 4 – Filter--- BlurGaussian blur (Radius 2.0).

Step 5 - Filter---Stylish---Solarize.

Step 6- Image Adjust>Auto Levels.

Step 7 – Image Adjust>Hue Saturation. Click colorizes. Drag the saturation slider to
required color effects.

DR.C.THANAVATHI 80
Create 3D Animation

1. Open a 3D shape and select windowAnimation from the menu bar. An animation
(TIMELINE) panel appears below the Photoshop document.
2. Click the triangle icon appears in the Background row in the animation (TIMELINE)
panel.
Lists of options appear in the animation (TIMELINE) panel under the Background
option.
3. Select the stop watch appears in the 3D Object Position. The 3D Object Position
appears.
4. Drag the Current Time Indicator (CTI) to the desired location in the Time line. In this
case the CTI dragged to the 3.00 in the time line.
5. Select 3D rotate tool from the tool box.
6. Rotate the shape as per the requirement. A key frame is automatically entered on the
Timeline indicating that there is a change in the position.
7. Drag the current time indicator to the desired timeline. In this case, the CTI dragged
to the 6.00 in the Timeline.
8. Select 3D Roll Tool from the Tool box.
9. Drag the mouse pointer as per the requirement to tilt the shape. A key frame is
automatically entered on the Timeline indicating that there is a change in the position.
10. Drag the current time indicator to the desired location in the timeline. In this case the
CTI is dragged to the 9.00 in the timeline.
11. Select 3D Slide Tool and drag the cursor as per the requirement to change the position
and size of the shape.
12. Drag the Current Time Indicator (CTI) to the desired location in the Time line. In this
case the CTI dragged to the 10.00 in the time line.
13. Select 3D Scale Tool and drag to change the size of the object.
14. Drag the Current Time Indicator (CTI) to the beginning of the Time line.
15. Click the play button to play the animation.
16. Click the stop button after the viewing the animation.

DR.C.THANAVATHI 81
 17. Select file—Export---Render Video from the menu bar to export wer animation. A
render video dialog box appears.
18. Type a name for the video in Name text box.
19. Click the select folder button to specify set the location for exporting the animation
file.
20. Click the Quick Time Export radio button.
21. Select the quick Time Movie option from the quick time export combo box.
22. Click the render button. A progress message box appears that shows the exporting
video progress.

Q.NO. QUESTION ANSWER

1 Microsoft Excel is a powerful........ program. Spreadsheet

Microsoft PowerPoint is a complete presentation graphics program Presentations

2
that allows we to create professional.........

Microsoft........ is a database management system (DBMS) that Access

3
allows we to create and process data in a database.

Corel DRAW is a........ based drawing program to create professional Vector

4
artwork to intricate technical illustrations.

5 Adobe Photoshop is a........ editor software. Graphics

........ was the first desktop publishing program, introduced in 1985 PageMaker
6
by Aldus Corporation.

........Computer or PC is a computer designed to meet the needs of an Personal

7
individual and usually refers to IBM-compatible computers.

A....... is a collection of computers and devices connected by Network

8
communication channels used to share data and information.

........ is one of the largest networks that links millions or trillions of Internet
9
computers all over the world.

When we open a new excel document, a blank workbook is displayed Book 1

10
and is called........

11 A PowerPoint presentation is also known as a.......... Slide show

DR.C.THANAVATHI 82
Q.NO. QUESTION ANSWER

........ is a collection of data organized in a manner that allows access, Database

12
retrieval and use of that data.

13 ........ tool is used to select or pick objects. Pick

14 Photoshop creates sophisticated .......... for both print and the Web. Images

15 ........ appear at the top and left edges of the screen. Rulers

........ computers, or Macs, were introduced by Apple Computer in Macintosh

16
1984.

There are mainly three types of networks: LAN ... and WAN which MAN
17
are used by individual, business houses and organizations.

An ........is a unique address that computer uses in order to identify IP address

18
and communicate with other computer on a network

19 The workbook contains sheets, called........... Worksheets

20 In PowerPoint, we can create a presentation in........ view. Normal

21 A database consists of a collection of........ in Access. Tables

22 ........ tool is used as magnifying glass to see the object more closely. Zoom

........displays a variety of icons, each one representing an image- Toolbox

23
editing Tool.

........ are "pulled out" from the rulers. We can set up as many Guides
24
horizontal and vertical guides as we need.

25 A notebook computer is also called a........ Laptop

........ Is a computer network that physically links two or more LAN

26
computers within a geographically limited area?

The IP address has........ groups of numbers and is separated by a Four

27
period (.).

28 A new workbook contains........ work sheets. Three

In PowerPoint, the first slide is assumed to be the........ slide, whose Title

29
aim is to introduce the presentation to the audience.

DR.C.THANAVATHI 83
Q.NO. QUESTION ANSWER

The rows in the tables are called........ which contains information Records
30
about a given person, product or event.

31 Freehand tool is used for drawing......... Lines

........ are small, free-floating windows that give we access to Palettes

32
common commands and resources.

33 All available commands that affect an object are found in........ palette Control

PDAs are........ devices that were originally designed as personal Hand-held

34
organizers, but became much more versatile over the years.

........., ring, star and hybrid are the four main types of network Bus
35
structures.

A....... is a device that allows a computer to communicate through Modem

36
telephone lines.

37 A....... is the basic unit of a worksheet into which we enter data. Cell

The left side of the PowerPoint screen has a…….. Pane that consists Tabs
38
an Outline tab and a Slides tab.

The columns in the tables are called........ which contains a specific Fields
39
piece of information within a record.

The…….. Tool lets we select a fill from an object on the Drawing Eyedropper
40
Window using the mouse.

41 ........ tool can be used to change the size of an image. Crop

42 The PageMaker........ contains all the tools used in PageMaker. Toolbox

The system unit, sometimes called a ........, is a box-like case that Chassis
43
houses the electronic components of the computer

........ is a computer system that operates continuously on a network Server

44
and waits for requests from other computers on the network.

A....... modem allows us to connect to the Internet with the same type Cable
45
of cable that attaches to a television set.

46 Whatever data we type in Excel, it gets displayed in the......... Formula bar

DR.C.THANAVATHI 84
Q.NO. QUESTION ANSWER

47 Placeholders are........ that display when we create a new slide. Boxes

48 We can create a complete database by using the Database ........… Wizard

49 ........ tool define the size and shape of the lines. Outline

........ tools are used to select a rectangular or elliptical area of our Marquee
50
image.

........ tool is used in: creating new text areas, selecting text and Text
51
moving the insertion point.

The........ also known as system board is the main printed board, Motherboard
52
which contains sockets that accepts additional boards.

A....... server is a host computer or device to which one or more Print

53
printers are connected.

A worldwide collection of electronic documents on the Web is called Web page

54
a........

55 Active cell has a........ border around it. Heavy

56 35mm slides allow we to use a slide ........to give a presentation. Projector

A single file which stores all the tables, reports, forms and queries Database
57
created by we in Access is called ........

58 Shortcut key for shape tool is........ F10 key

59 We can create oddly shaped selections with........ tool. Lasso

When we select a text block with the Pointer tool, the block's window
60
boundaries become visible. These handles are called........ shades

61 CPU is known as the........ of our computer. Brain

........ is a piece of computer hardware designed to allow computers to Network card

62
communicate over a computer network.

A....... is a collection of Web pages maintained by a college, Website

63
university, government agency, company, organization or individual.

64 On a single worksheet, Excel has as many as........ columns. 256

DR.C.THANAVATHI 85
Q.NO. QUESTION ANSWER

65 A quick and easy way of creating a presentation is the …….. Tab. Outline

The Title bar is the …….. Bar on the desktop which displays the title First
66
of the window.

After we've drawn an ellipse, we can change it into an arc or........ Pie
67
shape.

........ Lasso Tool is used to select elements of our image that have Magnetic
68
well defined edges.

69 ........ can also use to hold text in place of using text blocks. Frames

The........ is a temporary storage place for data, instructions and Memory

70
information.

A....... offers a central location where all the cables on a network Hub
71
meet.

72 A computer on the Internet that stores Web pages is called a......... Web Server

73 Excel will insert a row........ the row we select. Above

74 The notes pane is displayed below the........ pane. Slide

75 The Menu bar is the........ bar containing a list of menu names. Second

76 We can resize shape objects by dragging the.......... Handles

77 ........tool is used to select groups of similarly colored pixels. Magic Wand

The distance between the baselines of consecutive lines of type is Leading

78
called........

........ consists of memory chips that can be read from and written by RAM
79
the processor (CPU).

A ......... is device that receives a weak signal and retransmits it at a Repeater

80 higher level, so signal can cover longer distances without
degradation.

........ are highlighted text or images that are on the Web pages which Hyperlinks
81
connect to other pages on the Web.

DR.C.THANAVATHI 86
Q.NO. QUESTION ANSWER

82 Excel will insert a column to the........ of the column we select. Left

........button moves the selected paragraph to the next-higher heading Promote

83
level (up one level, to the left).

84 The Status bar is placed immediately........ the Windows taskbar. Above

Grids and........ enables we to easily locate a selected object to a Guidelines

85
horizontal or vertical location, or both.

We can........ a selection to deselect what is currently selected and Invert

86
select everything else.

The amount or the degree, by which a paragraph is shifted/moved in Indentation

87
from the normal margin of a document, is known as........

Most RAM is........ It loses its contents when the power is removed Volatile
88
from the computer.

A....... is a computer networking device that forwards data across a Router

89 network toward their destinations, through a process known as
routing.

90 The starting page of a browser is called the......... Home Page

My........ allows we to browse through the drives, folders and files of Computer
91
our computer.

92 Word automatically underlines misspelled words in....... Red

93 We can........ cells we no longer need from our worksheet. Remove

........button moves the selected paragraph to the next-lower heading Demote

94
level (down one level, to the right).

In the creation of table the names can be up to........ characters in 64

95
length.

........ are extremely useful for creating precise drawings and anything Grids
96
else that requires straight lines and exact alignment.

97 ........ tool copies information from one area of an image to another. Rubber Stamp

98 Each time we press the ......... key, the insertion point moves to the Tab

DR.C.THANAVATHI 87
Q.NO. QUESTION ANSWER

next stop: 0.5 inch, 1 inch, 1.5 inch, and so on.

ROM chips contain data, instructions or information that is Permanently

99
recorded........

A ......... is a general term that refers to hardware and software that Firewall
100
restricts access to data and information on a network.

A....... is a program that lets we view and explore information on the Web browser
101
World Wide Web.

102 We can change the........ of file and folders in a window. View

If we have frequently misspelled a name, we can use........ feature in Find and

103
our document Replace

104 A meaningful name can be given to ......... in our worksheet. Cells

105 ……..button hides all but the file of the selected slides. Collapse

The table is represented as a collection of rows and columns called Datasheet

106
a........

107 ........fills is a single color fills that colour can be applied. Uniform

........ is the most common mode for working with color images in RGB
108
Photoshop.

........ can be used as placeholders when we're designing periodical Frames

109
publications, like newspapers, newsletters, or magazines.

110 A....... is a connector or socket at the back of a computer. Port

A....... system allows people on a network to place phone calls using VoIP
111
the network instead of a traditional telephone system.

........ offers a variety of Internet services like, search engine; sports Portal
112 and weather, e-mail; instant messaging from a single convenient
location.

We can........ items to better organize the files and folders in a Group

113
window.

114 The ......... feature can cancel wer last editing and formatting changes. Redo

DR.C.THANAVATHI 88
Q.NO. QUESTION ANSWER

115 A formula in the worksheet always begins with an........ sign. Equal

........button displays the titles and all collapsed text of the selected Expand
116
slides.

117 Data can be presented in an organized manner with the help of........ Reports

........fills that fade from one color to another, sometimes referred to Fountain
118
as gradient fills.

119 To remove the color from our image, we can convert it to........ mode. Grayscale

120 A....... is the outline of any drawn object. Stroke

121 A keyboard is a........ device that contains the keys. Input

........ is an industrial specification for wireless personal area Bluetooth

122
networks (PANs).

A....... is a software program that we can use to find Web sites, Web Search engine
123
pages and Internet files.

124 Selected files appear........ on our screen. Highlighted

The ......... button in the standard toolbar allows we to reverse the Redo
125
action of the Undo button

126 We can use ......... operators to compare two values. Comparison

The........ (o) around the picture allow we to change the size of the Handles
127
picture.

128 ........fills made from bitmap or vector files. Pattern

........ tool is used to select a color from an open image which enables Eyedropper
129
we to paint using a color already present.

........ pages are used to contain objects that appear on each page in Master
130
the document.

A....... is a pointing device that fits comfortably under the palm of our Mouse
131
hand.

132 The transmission of messages and files via a computer network is E-mail

DR.C.THANAVATHI 89
Q.NO. QUESTION ANSWER

known as........

133 ........ a file allows we to review and make changes to the file. Opening

Word can automatically update the date and time each time we........ Open
134
the document.

A....... is a ready-to-use formula that we can use to perform a Function

135
calculation on the data in our worksheet.

A special effect used to progress from one slide to the next in a slide Slide
136
show is called a......... Transition

A....... fill is a random, factually generated fill that we can use to give Texture
137
our objects a natural appearance.

138 ........ tool is used to add color to our image. Paintbrush

........ is a light-sensing input device that reads printed text and Scanner
139
graphics and then converts it into digital form.

An e-mail address consists of two parts separated by the........ @

140
symbol.

141 ........ a file can help we more quickly locate the file in the future. Renaming

142 ........ feature can count the number of words in our document. Word Count

143 A....... helps we calculate and analyze data in our worksheet. Formula

........ can be created that contain the ideas we want to discuss for Notes
144
each slide in wer presentation.

145 A PostScript texture is a texture fill designed using........ language. PostScript

146 ........ tool is used to draw straight lines of color. Pencil

A....... is an output device that visually conveys text, graphics and Monitor
147
video information.

148 In E-mail program, Cc stands for......... Carbon copy

149 We can........ a file we no longer need. Delete

DR.C.THANAVATHI 90
Q.NO. QUESTION ANSWER

The........ view simplifies the lower of our document, to enable we to Normal

150
enter, edit and format text quickly.

A....... message appears when Excel cannot properly calculate or Error

151
display the result of a formula.

152 The ………view allows we to look at several slides at one time. Slide sorter

........ Fill Tool is used to add gradual color or shading to objects. Interactive
153
Mesh

An area can be filled in our image with solid color using the........ Paint Bucket
154
Tool.

An output device that produces text and graphics on a physical Printer

155
medium such as paper is called a........

We can use special characters, called........ or emoticons, to express Smiles

156
emotions in messages.

157 We can empty the........ to create more free space on our computer. Recycle Bin

........ view optimizes the reading experience if we are opening a Reading lower
158
document primarily to read it.

159 …….. are used to easily compare data and view patterns and trends. Chart

160 A slide show displays ......... slide at a time using the entire screen. One

161 Corel DRAW defines text in two ways... text and artistic text. Paragraph

162 ........ tool is used to lighten a specific area of an image. Dodge

A....... printer is a printer that forms characters and graphics by Ink-jet

163
spraying tiny drops of liquid ink onto a piece of paper.

A message that returns to us because it cannot reach its destination is Bounced

164
called a........ message.

When we ………. a file, the file will disappear from its original Move
165
location and appear in the new location.

We can insert ........, which do not appear on our keyboard, into our Symbols
166
document.

DR.C.THANAVATHI 91
Q.NO. QUESTION ANSWER

We can........ a worksheet to produce a paper copy which is displayed Print

167
on our screen.

168 ........ text is better suited for editing long blocks of text. Paragraph

169 ........ Tool is used to darken a specific area of an image. Burn

A high-speed printer that works like a photocopier to produce high- Laser

170
quality images on a page is called a........ printer.

........ is an e-mail program which comes with the Windows operating Outlook
171
system. Express

When we ....... a file, the file will remain in its original location and Copy
172
appear in the new location.

To emphasize information in our document, we can make our text Italicize

173
bold or ......... or underline.

........ feature is used to see how our worksheet will look when Print Preview
174
printed.

The spell checker flags mis-spelled words with a wavy........ Red

175
underline as we type.

We can save a file in the........ (Joint Photographic Experts Group) JPEG

176
format and publish it on the Web.

Hard disk is a........ device in which computer stores data for future Storage
177
use.

A....... is an online area, in which the users conduct and participate in Newsgroup
178
discussions about specific topic.

We can use Windows ........., if we cannot remember the exact name Search
179
or location of a file we want to work with.

........ text is useful for marking information we want to review or Highlighting

180
verify later.

........ button on Standard toolbar is used to quickly print the Print

181
worksheet displayed on our screen.

DR.C.THANAVATHI 92
Q.NO. QUESTION ANSWER

182 We can distort the shape of an object by applying an........ tool to it. Envelope

We can .......... many types of files, including documents, pictures, E-mail

183
videos and sounds to a friend, colleague or family member.

We can separate items in a list by beginning each item with a ......... Bullet
184
or number.

We will need a recordable........ drive to copy files such as documents CD

185
and pictures to a CD.

186 We can use........ to line up information in our document. Tabs

Windows will automatically........ the CD from our recordable CD Eject

187
drive when the copy is complete.

........ effects are ideal for emphasizing text in document that will be Animation
188
viewed on a computer screen.

We can........ a program we no longer use from our computer and it Remove

189
will free up space on our computer.

We can use .........feature to create a large capital letter at the Drop Cap
190
beginning of a paragraph.

Our computer will operate most effectively when at least........ of our 20%
191
total hard disk space is free.

We can insert a........ to start a new page at same specific location in Page Break
192
our document.

We can use ......... to remove unnecessary files from our computer to Disk Cleanup
193
free up disk space.

194 A header appears at the ....... of each printed page. Top

........ our hard disk will make our programs run faster and our files Defragmenting
195
open more quickly.

196 Footer appears at the........ of each printed page. Bottom

While facing problems, we can use the ......... feature to return our System
197
computer to a time before the problems occurred. Restore

DR.C.THANAVATHI 93
Q.NO. QUESTION ANSWER

A....... is the amount of space between the text in our document and Margin
198
the edge of our paper.

We need a computer with........ capabilities and a CD-ROM drive to Sound

199
play music Cds.

200 We can create a........ to neatly display information in our document. Table

In Windows, we can use ......... to type, format and print documents WordPad
201
such as letters and reports.

Word offers many ready-to-uses ......... that we can choose from to Designs
202
give wer table a professional appearance.

203 Windows provides a........ that we can use to perform calculations. Calculator

........is used to display a decorative title or draw attention to WordArt

204
important information.

A........saves we time by combining a series of actions into a single Macro

205
command.

We can use the ......... feature to produce a personalized letter for Mail Merge
206
each person on our mailing list.

Speech........ allows we to use our voice to enter text and select Recognition
207
commands in Office programs.

V.O.CHIDAMBARAM COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Thoothukudi – 628 008.

MULTIMEDIA AND ITS APPLICATIONS

Computer Level – II Theory Test

Name:

Date: 26.04.2017 Marks: 100

DR.C.THANAVATHI 94
 Time: 2 hours

Part – A

I. Choose the Correct Answer: (30x1=30)

1. The ─────── is located at the bottom of the Photoshop CS4 window.

i) Status bar ii) Tool box iii) Tool bar iv) Options bar

2. The first version of Photoshop was released in ────────.

i) 1986 ii) 1987 iii) 1988 iv) 1989

3. Adobe Photoshop is a ─────── editor software.

i) Image ii) Data iii) Graphics iv) Tool

4. We can ___________many types of files, including documents, pictures, videos and

sounds

to a friend, colleague or family member.

i) E-mail ii) Photoshop iii) PowerPoint iv) Fax

5. ──────── is an expansion of EPS.

i) Escapes ii) Encapsulated Post Script

iii) Extension Picture Shoot iv) Enlarged Photo Shop

6. ________ tool enables to replace specific colours.

i) colour tool ii) colour replacement tool

iii) colour balance tool iv) pick tool

7. Photoshop creates sophisticated ──────── for both print and the web.

i) Colour ii) Channels iii) Images iv) Objects

8. Which is not Software?

i) Photoshop ii) AVG iii) MS-office iv) Power point

DR.C.THANAVATHI 95
9. ─────── tool in Photoshop CS4 provides an easy way to make a selection in an image.

i) Marquee tool ii) Quick selection tool

iii) Move tool iv) Magic wand tool

10. To remove the colour from our image, we can convert it to __________mode.

i) RGB mode ii) CMYK mode iii) Grayscale mode iv) HSB mode

11. Resolution is usually measured in ---------------.

i) inch ii) pixels iii) cm iv) pixels per inch

12. We can save a file in the -------------- format and publish it on the Web.

i) GIF ii) JPEG iii) PSD iv) TIFF

13. ──────── text is better suited for editing long blocks of text.

i) Line text ii) Group text iii) Paragraph text iv) Single text

14. Photoshop is a _________ application.

i) raster image ii) windows iii) photoshop iv) desktop

15. There are ───── layer effects in photoshop.

i) 6 ii) 8 iii) 10 iv) 12

16. The Page Maker was Introduced in the Year of,

a) 1980 b) 1981 c) 1985 d) 1983

17. Who was introduced the PageMaker?

a) Aldus b) Charles c) David e) Mark

18. The Pagemaker was specialized in,

a) Image b) Text c) Graphics d) Letter

19. Circular Frame used for,

a) Type text inside a Circle b) Type text inside a Rectangle

DR.C.THANAVATHI 96
 c) Type text inside a Triangle d) Type text inside a Square

20. PageMaker 7.0 was released in the Year of,

a) 9 July 2001 b) 9 July 2000 c) 9 July 1999 d) 9 July 1998

21. Findout the Text Frame Tool

a) b)

b)

c)

d)

22. Polygon tool is used to draw a shape with more than,

a) Four Sides b) One Sides c) Two Sides d) Three sides

23. ----------------- lets you divide the pages of the publication into different column of equal
size.

a) Column Gudies b) Row Gudies C) Sort Pages

24. The basic Internet tools

(a) Telnet (b) FTP (c) World Wide Web (d) All the above

25. The country code of India is

(a) .in (b) .ind (c) a and b (d) none of the above

26. Resources available to you via FTP

(a) Freeware (b) Public Domain (c) Shareware (d) All the above

27. What is the websites for creating blogs?

(a) http://www.openculture.com/ (b) http://www.librophile.com/

(c) www.wordpress.com (d) http://www.ipodder.org/

DR.C.THANAVATHI 97
28. Send mail to the group of people using Bcc, mail lists should be,

(a) Confidential (b) transparent (c) easy to hack (d) None of the above

29. Which one is not the format of video?

(a) AVI (b) MPEG (c) MP4 (d) MP3

30. Which is the video maker application?

(a) Microsoft Movie Maker (b) Avid FreeDV

(c) Zwei-Stein (d) All the above

Part – B

II. Fill in the blanks: (30x1=30)

1. We can empty the ____________ to create more free space on our computer.
2. ──────── effects are ideal for emphasizing text in document that will be viewed on a
computer screen.
3. The image window contains the image to be ────────.
4. The expansion of JPEG files format __________________.
5. An area can be filled in our image with solid colour using the _______ tool.
6. -------------------- tool is used in creating new text areas, selecting text and moving the
insertion point.
7. We can create oddly shaped selections with ──────── tool.
8. An e-mail address consists of two parts separated by the _______ symbol.
9. We can ──────── many types of files, including documents, pictures, videos and
sounds to a friend, colleague or family member.
10. Hard disk is a ──────── device in which computer stores data for future use.
11. The ──────── bars are used to move up or down, and left or right in a document.
12. The ___________button in the standard toolbar allows we to reverse the action of the
Undo button.
13. _______ is the most common mode for working with color images in Photoshop.
14. The small colored squares in the swatches palette are called ────.

DR.C.THANAVATHI 98
15. ──────── tool is used to lighten a specific area of an image.
16. ______________command rolls back all the changes made since the last save.
17. ______________command is used to place text and graphics into the publication.
18. ______________tool is used to move the screen.
19. ______________tool is used to draw a circle or elliptical graphic.
20. _________________ has options for frame alignment, position and margins.
21. _________________lets you align multiple objects relative to each other.
22. __________________Control Panel toggles the display of control panel on the screen.
23. _____________is simply a new way of looking at and talking about virtual servers
24. The ________ links are computer networks all over the world
25. The expansion of ARPA Net –___________
26. The expansion of IP –________________
27. Write the domain names of NET - ___________________
28. The expansion of URL- _____________________.
29. Expansion of PDF- ______________
30. Mention PDF converter- __________
Part – C

III. Answer the following questions in one word: (20x2=40)

1. Define E-Mail?

2. How many types of File Formats? What are they?

3. Write categorize of selection tools?

4. What are the Retouching tools?

5. Write some Painting tools?

6. Give a short description of HSB colour mode?

7. What are the components in the Photoshop program window?

8. Write about Masking Layers?

9. What is the use of Art History Brush tool?

10. U, B and V is the short cut keys of which tools?

11. What is Page Maker?

DR.C.THANAVATHI 99
 12. How to Start with Pagemaker?

13. What are the Tools in Pagemaker?

14. Listout the usage of Text Tool.

15. Explain the Layout Menu.

16. What is cloud computing? Write any two benefits?

17. How to read an Internet address? Explain briefly with an illustrations?
18. List out the Web browsers that you have known for PCs and Smart Phones?
19. Name any five search engines?
20. List out the Google apps Via PCs and Smart Phones?

10
DR.C.THANAVATHI
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