Jalandhar Public School

Class-XII

Physics Project Report

Topic- Full Wave Bridge Rectifier

Submitted to: Miss. Monika

Submitted by: Navdeep Kaur
 Acknowledgment
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my physics teacher
(Miss. Monika) who gave me the golden opportunity to do this wonderful project
on the topic (Full Wave Bridge Rectifier), which also helped me to do
a lot of Research and I came to know about several innovative things, I am
thankful to them.
Secondly, I would even like to thank my parents and friends who helped me
a lot in finalizing this project before the deadline.
 Certificate
This is to certify that Navdeep Kaur (Roll No: ) Student of class XII,

Jalandhar Public School has completed the project titled “Full Wave Bridge
Rectifier” during the academic year 2022–23 towards partial fulfillment of
credit for the Physics Project Evaluation of CBSE 2022-23, and submitted working
model and satisfactory report, as compiled in the following pages, under
my supervision.
 Contents
Aim
Theory
Materials required
Circuit Diagram
Working
Graph
Applications
Advantages and Disadvantages
 AIM

To Construct a full wave bridge rectifier and show that Alternating Current
is rectified into a Direct Current.
Theory
The process of converting AC (which periodically reverses Direction) Current
into DC (which flows only in one direction) current is known as Rectification.

The electrical device used to do so is known as Rectifier.

Rectifiers have many uses but are often found to serve as components of DC
power supplies and high-voltage direct current power transmission systems.
Rectification may serve in roles rather than generating direct current for use
as a power source.

The simple process of rectification produces a type of DC characterized

by pulsating voltages and currents (although still unidirectional). Depending
upon the type of end-use, this type of DC current may then be further modified
into the type of relatively constant voltage DC characteristically produced
by such sources as batteries and solar cells.

A diode bridge is an arrangement of four (or more) diodes in a bridge

circuit configuration that provides the same polarity of output for either
the polarity of input. When used in its most common application, it is known
as a bridge rectifier for converting an alternating current (AC) input into a
direct current (DC) output. A bridge rectifier provides full-wave rectification
from a two-wire AC input, resulting in lower cost and weight as compared to
a rectifier with a 3-wire input from a transformer with a center-tapped secondary
winding.
Materials Required

1. Connecting wires

2. Step-down transformer
3. Diodes (4)
4. Capacitor (1)
5. LED (1)
Circuit Diagram
 Working

Initially, when the A.C. is supplied to the transformer, it steps down the 220V main

Supply to 6 volts. It has the capability of delivering a current of 500mA. The 6 volts
A.C. appearing across the secondary coil is the RMS value and the peak value is 8.4
Volts. During the 1st half cycle of the A.C. input diode D1, is forward biased and a
current “I” flows in the circuit in the direction ABCDEFGHIJKLM. During this
time diodes, D2 and D3 are reverse-biased. So, they do not conduct any electric
current.
During the next half cycle, the diode D2 is forward and D1 is reversed. Hence, D2
conducts current in the direction MLKJCDEFGHIA and D1 does not conduct any
current.
In subsequent half cycles of the A.C. current, the above processes are repeated. In
both the half cycle, it is clear that current flows through LED in only one direction.
Although the voltage across LED is unidirectional it will still contain a few A.C
components. This is filtered and made smooth using a capacitor, which filters 99%
of the A.C. current.

The capacitor nearly filters all A.C. components from the supply. But there will be
a slight factor of A.C. current still left in the output, but it is negligible. The output
Direct Current and voltage light up the LED.
Graph
 Applications

 Because of their low cost compared to the center tapped they are widely used in
the power supply circuit.
 This can be used to detect the amplitude of modulated radio signals.
 Bridge rectifiers can be used to supply polarized voltage in welding.
 In daily life, rectifiers find use in mobile charges.
 Advantages and Disadvantages

Pros: -
The rectification efficiency of a full-wave rectifier is double of that
of a half-wave rectifier.
The ripple voltage is low and of higher frequency in the case of a full-wave
rectifier so a simple filtering circuit is required.
Higher output voltage higher output power and higher TUF in case of a
full-wave rectifier.
In a full-wave rectifier, there is no problem due to the DC saturation of the
Core because the DC currents in the two halves of the transformer secondary
Flow in opposite directions.

cons: -
Full-wave rectifier needs more circuit elements and is costlier.
 Bibliography

Physics- Textbook for class XII (NCERT)

Laboratory Manual of Physics

Encyclopedias

Websites: -
www.google.in

www.wikipedia.org

www.youtube.com