11

fY%aKsh

(i) (ii)

= 90° ^iam¾Ylh wrhg ,ïn jk ksid& = 90° ^iam¾Ylh wrhg ,ïn jk ksid&
+ 90° + 30° = 180° ^;s%fldaKhl fldaK& 2 + 3 + 90° = 180° ^;s%fldaKhl fldaK&
= 180° − 120° 5 = 90°
= 60° = 18°

= 90° ^iam¾Ylh iy wrh w;r fldaKh&

= ^iuoaúmdo ;s%fldaKhl fldaK&
+ + 30° = 180° ^;s%fldaKhl fldaK&
+ + 30° = 180°
2 = 180° − 30°
2 = 150°
= 75° = 75°

+ 90° + 30° = 180° ^ ∆, ;s%fldaKhl fldaK&

= 180° − 120°
= 60°

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 = ^ ,
= wrhka iudk ksid&
+ + = 180° ^;s%fldaKhl wNHka;r fldaK&
3 = 180°
= 60°

= 90° ^iam¾Ylh iy wrh w;r fldaKh&

+ = 90°
x 60° + = 90°
= 90° − 60°
= 30°

+ + 100° = 180° ^;s%fldaKhl wNHka;r fldaK&

2 = 180° − 100°
2 = 80°
= 40°
x = 90° ^iam¾Ylh iy wrh w;r fldaKh&
+ = 90°
40° + = 90°
= 90° − 40°
= 50°

= 90° ^iam¾Ylh iy wrh w;r fldaKh&

+ = 90°
2 = 90°
= 45°

+ + = 180° ^;s%fldaKhl wNHka;r fldaK&

a 45° + 45° + = 180°

= 180° − 90°
= 90°

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 6 cm
6 cm 4 cm

;s%fldaKhg mhs;.ria m%fïhh fh§fuka

= +
10 = 6 +
= 10 − 6
= 100 − 36
= 64
= √64
= 8 cm

45°
6 cm

+ 90° + 45° = 180° ^;s%fldaKhl wNHka;r fldaK tl;=j= 180° &

= 45°
∴ =
∴ = ^iudk fldaK j,g bÈßfhka msysá mdo iudk fõ'&
∴ =6
jD;a;fha wrh = 6

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 = = 90° ^iam¾Ylh iy wrh w;r fldaKh&
;s%fldaKfha wNHka;r fldaKj, tl;=j 180° ksid
+ + 90° = 180°
ax = 90° − ①
;s%fldaKfha wNHka;r fldaKj, tl;=j 180° ksid

x b + + 90° = 180°
+ = +
= 90° − ②
=
∴ =

x
x

= 90° ^iam¾Y ,laIHfha§" wrh iy iam¾Ylh w;r fldaKh= 90°& = 90°

OQ // AB ^ = , taldka;r fldaK ksid& 2 = 90°
= 45°
= ^taldka;r fldaK" OQ // AB & + + = 180°
= 90° + 90° = 180°
= 90°
∴ ⊥
∴ ⊥

= 90° ^iam¾Ylh iy wrh w;r fldaKh&

= 90° ^iam¾Ylh iy wrh w;r fldaKh&
+ = 180°
iïuqL fldaK hq.,hla mßmQrl ksid AOBC jD;a; p;=ri%hls'

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 iy ;s%fldaK foflys
= ^o;a;h&
= ^wrhka iudk ksid&
= ^fmdÿ mdoh&
∴ ∆≡ ∆ ^md' md' md'&
∴ = ^wx.iu ;s%fldaKj, wkqrEm wx.&
;jo + = 180°
∴ = = 90°
∴ f¾Ldj jD;a; folgu fmdÿ iam¾YlhlA fõ'

a
x

= 90° ^iam¾Ylh iy wrh w;r fldaKh&

= 90° ^w¾O jD;a;hl fldaK&
(i) + = 180° ^ir, f¾Ldjl fldaK&
90° + = 180°
= 90°

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 (ii) + = 90° ①
y
+ + = 180° ^;s%fldaKhl wNHka;r fldaK&

+ 90° + = 180° a
x
+ = 90° ②

①=②; + = +
+ = 90°
= + = 90°
+ = +
=
x

°−
x

12 cm
5 cm

= = 12 ^ndysr ,laIHhl isg we|s iam¾Yl È.ska iudk fõ'&

= =5 ^jD;a;fha wrhka&
p;=ri%fha mßñ;sh = + + +
=5 +5 + 12 + 12
= 34

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 4 cm

6 cm

5 cm

= =4 ^ndysr ,laIHhl isg we|s iam¾Yl È.ska iudk fõ'&

= =5 ^ndysr ,laIHhl isg we|s iam¾Yl È.ska iudk fõ'&
= =6 ^ndysr ,laIHhl isg we|s iam¾Yl È.ska iudk fõ'&
;s%fldaKfha mßñ;sh = + + + + +
=4 +6 +6 +5 +5 +4
= 30

= ^ndysr ,laIHhl isg we|s iam¾Yl È.ska iudk fõ'&

∴ = ^iuoaúmdo ;s%fldaKhl fldaK&
+ + 70° = 180°
2 = 180° − 70°
2 = 110°
= 55°
= 55°

= 55° ^iam¾Ylj,ska flakaøfha wdmd;kh lrk

fldaK iudk fõ'&
= 90° ^iam¾Ylh iy wrh w;r fldaKh&
+ 55° + 90° = 180°
= 35°

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 = 90° ^iam¾Ylh iy wrh w;r fldaKh&
= 90° ^iam¾Ylh iy wrh w;r fldaKh&
= 30° ^ndysr ,laIHh iy flakaøh hd lrk f¾Ldj"
iam¾Yl w;r fldaKh iuÉfþokh lrhs'&
+ + 90° = 180°
+ = 90°
+ 30° = 90°
= 60°
= ^iam¾Ylj,ska flakaøfha wdmd;kh lrk fldaK
iudk fõ'&
= 60°

2 = 70°
a = 35°
b
+ = 90°
+ 35° = 90°
= 55°

= 110°
x 2 = 110°
= 55°

+ = 90°
y + 55° = 90°
= 35°

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 = ^o;a;h& ①
= ^jD;a;fha wrhka& ②
= ^ndysr ,laIHhl isg iam¾Yl& ③
∴ = = = ④
= 90° ^iam¾Ylh iy wrh w;r fldaKh& ⑤
④ iy ⑤ wkqj iup;=ri%hls'

(i) = ^l=vd jD;a;hg A isg we|s iam¾Yl&

∴ iuoaúmdo ;s%fldaKhls'
(ii) ⊥ ^iam¾Ylh wrhg ,ïn jk ksid& / ^l=vd jD;a;fha flakaøh o O úh hq;=h&
jD;a;hl flakaøfha isg cHdhlg w|skq ,nk ,ïnfhka tu cHdh iuÉfþokh jk ksid
=
fï whqßkau" =
;s%fldaKfha = o = o ksid uOH ,laIH m%fïhhg wkqj
//

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 = ^ndysr ,laIHhl isg we|s iam¾Yl&
x x
∴ =

x = ^wkqrEm fldaK" XY // AB&

x = ^wkqrEm fldaK" XY // AB&
∴ =
∴ =

x x

y y

(i) = ^ndysr ,laIHhl isg we|s iam¾Yl& ①

= ^o;a;h& ②
①+②; + = +
=

(ii) = ^ndysr ,laIHhl isg we|s iam¾Yl& ③

= ^ndysr ,laIHhl isg we|s iam¾Yl& ④
③+④; + = +
= +

(iii) ∆ ka; + + = 180° ⑤

∆ ka; + + = 180° ⑥
⑤=⑥; + + = + +
2 =2
=
∴ // ^wkqrEm fldaK iudk ksid&

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 (i) iy ∆ foflys
= ^wrhka&
= ^iam¾Ylj,ska wdmd;s; fldaK&
= ^fmdÿ mdoh&
∴ ∆≡ ∆ ^md' flda' md'&

(ii) = ^wx.iu ;s%fldaKj, wkqrEm wx.&

+ = 180°
180
∴ = = 90°
∴ ⊥
;jo = ^wx.iu ;s%fldaKj, wkqrEm wx.&
∴ f¾Ldj AC ys ,ïn iuÉfþolh fõ'

(iii)

x y
x y

x a x
o
-x
90
= hehs .ksuq' + = 90°
= 90° − + = 90°

+ = 90°
90
+ = +
=
+ (90° − ) = 90°
=
= = ^iam¾Ylj,ska flakaøfha wdmd;kh lrk fldaK iudk fõ'&
∴ =2
=2

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 x
x

(i) iy ∆ foflys
= ^ndysr ,laIHhl isg we|s iam¾Yl&
= ^ndysr ,laIHh iy flakaøh hd lrk f¾Ldj" iam¾Yl w;r fldaKh iuÉfþokh lrhs'&
= ^fmdÿ mdoh&
∴ ∆≡ ∆ ^md' flda' md'&

(ii) = hehs .ksuq' o

90 -x
= 90° − x x
x
+ = 90°
+ (90° − ) = 90°
=
2 =2
2 =

yx x

(i) = ^ndysr ,laIHhl isg we|s iam¾Yl&

= ^ndysr ,laIHhl isg we|s iam¾Yl&
∴ =
(ii) = ^ = ksid& ①
= ^ = ksid& ②
①+②; + = +
= +
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 (i) (ii) (iii)

45°

= 40° = 35° = = 45°

= 55°

= 50° + 60° ^taldka;r jD;a; LKavfha fldaK&

= 110°

= ^taldka;r jD;a; LKavfha fldaK&

= 180° − 110°
= 70°

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 = 30° ^taldka;r jD;a; LKavfha fldaK&

= 30° ^taldka;r jD;a; LKavfha fldaK&

= 35° ^tlu LKavfha fldaK&

= ^taldka;r jD;a; LKavfha fldaK&

= 90° − 35°
= 55°

= 25° ^taldka;r jD;a; LKavfha fldaK&

= 40° ^taldka;r jD;a; LKavfha fldaK&

= 40° ^taldka;r jD;a; LKavfha fldaK&

40°

x x

x x

(i) = ^taldka;r jD;a; LKavfha fldaK& ①

= ^ = ksid& ②
= ^taldka;r jD;a; LKavfha fldaK& ③
①, ② iy ③ wkqj; =

(ii) = =
∴ PQ // CB ^ , taldka;r fldaK iudk ksid&

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 xx

x x

x x

(i) = ^taldka;r jD;a; LKavfha fldaK& ①

= ^taldka;r jD;a; LKavfha fldaK& ②
= ^o;a;h& ③
∴ =
∴ ys iuÉfþolh XD fõ'

(ii) = = ^tlu LKavfha fldaK&

= = ^tlu LKavfha fldaK&
∴ =
∴ =

(iii) = = ^by; idOk u.ska&

∴ AB // EC ^ , taldka;r fldaK iudk ksid&

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 (i) = = ^taldka;r jD;a; LKavfha fldaK&
= = ^taldka;r fldaK&
x
∴ =
x
x (ii) = = ^ = ksid&
x = = ^by; idOk u.ska&
∴ QX // PA ^ , wkqrEm fldaK iudk ksid&
p;=ri%fha QX // PA o PQ // AX o ksid
x
iudka;rdi%hls'

x
x
x

(i) = = ^m%;suqL fldaK&

= = ^taldka;r jD;a; LKavfha fldaK&
∴ =

(ii) = = ^taldka;r jD;a; LKavfha fldaK&

= = ^by; idOk u.ska&
tkï = =
∴ // ^ , taldka;r fldaK iudk ksid&

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 13 cm

5 cm

;s%fldaKfha j¾.M,h = × × ;s%fldaKhg mhs;.ria m%fïhh fh§fuka

= × 12 × 5 = +
13 = 5 +
= 30
p;=ri%fha j¾.M,h = 2 × 30 = 13 − 5

= 60 = 169 − 25
= 144
= √144
= 12 cm

r
r

;s%fldaKhg mhs;.ria m%fïhh fh§fuka

= +
( + 4) = +8
+ 8 + 16 = + 64
8 = 64 − 16
8 = 48
=6
jD;a;fha wrh = 6

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 x a a y
a

(i) = ^ndysr ,laIHhl isg we|s iam¾Yl&

= ^ndysr ,laIHhl isg we|s iam¾Yl&
+ = +
=

(ii) = = ^ndysr ,laIHh iy flakaøh hd lrk f¾Ldj" iam¾Yl w;r

fldaKh iuÉfþokh lrhs'&
= = ^m%;suqL fldaK&

∆ ka ; + = 90° ①
∆ ka ; + = 90° ②
+ = +
=
=

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 (i) = ^ndysr ,laIHhl isg we|s iam¾Yl& ①
= ^ndysr ,laIHhl isg we|s iam¾Yl& ②
− = −
=

(ii) ∆ fhaa = ksid

y = =

x ∆ fhaa = ksid
a
x = =
∆ fha 2 + = 180° ①
y
∆ fha 2 + = 180° ②
2 + =2 +
2 =2
=
=
∴ // ^ , wkqrEm fldaK iudk ksid&

(iii) P

R
x
A x X
B
S

Q
iy iam¾Yl fol w;r fldaKfha iuÉfþolh fõ'
iy iam¾Yl fol w;r fldaKfha iuÉfþolh o fõ'
∴ Èla l< f¾Ldj yryd .uka lrhs'
∴ , iy tlu ir, f¾Ldjl msysghs'
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