KỲ THI OLYMPIC TRUYỀN THỐNG 30 - 4 LẦN THỨ XXII

ĐỀ THI ĐỀ NGHỊ MÔN: TIẾNG ANH; LỚP: 10

SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TP. HỒ CHÍ MINH

TRƯỜNG: THPT CHUYÊN TRẦN ĐẠI NGHĨA
A. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS: (40 PTS)
I. PHONOLOGY
Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the other three.
1. A. advisedly B. markedly C. allegedly D. determinedly
2. A. diagnose B. advertise C. disability D. pleasantry
3. A. personify B. economize C. laborious D. subconscious
4. A. archetype B. mechanism C. ricochet D. scholastic
5. A. epitome B. eloquence C. perishable D. essence
Choose the word whose stress pattern is different from that of the other three.
6. A. advantageous B. prevaricate C. academy D. insatiable
7. A. technophile B. counteract C. questionnaire D. outperform
8. A. prerequisite B. injurious C. monotonous D. intimacy
9. A. counterclockwise B. multicolored C. counterculture D. unilateral
10. A. world-famous B. peace-loving C. well-founded D. best-seller
KEY:
1. D 2. C 3. C 4. C 5. A
6. A 7. A 8. D 9. C 10. B

II. GRAMMAR & STRUCTURES

Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
1. Don't be silly! That ______________ possibly be Madonna.
A. mustn't B. shouldn't C. won't D. can't
2. Not until the office phoned me ___________ .
A. I found out about the meeting B. had I found out about the meeting
C. did I find out about the meeting D. that I found out about the meeting
3. __________ , let me know.
A. If you heard anything B. Had you heard anything
C. Unless you heard anything D. Should you hear anything
4. Thomas Edison __________ many new appliances using electricity during his
long career.
A. invented B. inventing C. who invented D. was invented
5. I'd rather you ___________ anything about the garden until the weather improves.
A. don't make B. didn't do C. don't do D. didn't make
6. At no time in history __________ such a diligent and brilliant fellow.
A. have Peter and his classmates ever met
B. have Peter and his classmates
C. Peter and his classmates ever met
D. Peter and his classmates had ever met.
7. It turned out that we ________ rushed to the airport as the plane was delayed
by several hours.
A. hadn't B. should have C. mustn't have D. needn't have
8. ____________ as a masterpiece, a work of art must transcend the ideals of the
period in which it was created.
A. Ranking B. To be ranked
C. Being ranked D. In order to be ranking
9. Florida, ____________ the Sunshine State, attracts many tourists every year.
A. is B. is known as C. known as D. that is known as
10. ___________ becoming extinct is of great concern to zoologists.
A. That giant pandas are B. Giant pandas are
C. That giant pandas D. Giant panda is

III. WORD CHOICE

Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
21. The play has _____ the wrath of both audiences and critics.
A. incurred B. inflicted C. evolved D. entailed
22. The hotel had a single _____ feature - it was cheap.
A. saving B. redeeming C. acquitting D. distinctive
23. No decision has been taken about the building of the new airport. The authorities are still _____.
A. beating about the bush B. comparing notes
C. sitting on the fence D. holding their ground
24. A panel of experts was _____ to study safety issues.
A. gathered B. collected C. assembled D. convened
25. The team members reported that they learned a lot from each other, especially _____ knowledge.
A. tacit B. mute C. implicit D. hands-on
26. Humanitarian groups are campaigning against plans to _____ the death penalty.
A. reinstate B. replenish C. reverse D. recruit
27. Oil spills will _____ even the healthiest of marine ecosystem.
A. play havoc on B. break ground with C. take their toll on D. put paid to
28. The new software wasn’t _____ with my computer.
A. convergent B. conducive C. consistent D. compatible
29. Congratulations on your success! How does it feel to be _____?
A. the man of the hour B. a pillar of society
C. a bargaining counter D. a confirmed bachelor
30. The experimental play was only a _____ success, which disappointed the playwright.
A. downscale B. qualified C. reserved D. secluded
KEY:
21. A 22. B 23. C 24. D 25. A 26. A 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. B

IV. PHRASAL VERBS AND PREPPOSITIONS

Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
31. No one ever _____ to breaking the window.
A. owned up B. spoke up C. got through D. came down
32. They eke _____ a miserable existence in cardboard shacks.
A. out B. up C. on D. into
33. The embassy has been _____ for over 2 weeks.
A. cordoned off B. closed out C. shut off D. put down
34. She stole the shoes from right _____ the assistant’s nose.
A. down B. above C. under D. away
35. Peter _____ the news _____ before we could stop him.
A. finished – off B. blurted – out C. rattled – off D. raked – up
36. The problem is not susceptible _____ so simple a solution.
A. to B. of C. for D. with
37. He _____ a fortune over the years and no one ever knew!
A. took out B. dug into C. rolled over D. salted away
38. Try not to become too emotionally involved _____ the children in your care.
A. for B. in C. with D. into
39. I managed to latch _____ their remarks, but they didn’t know that I was listening.
A. on to B. up on C. out on D. down with
40. The holiday plans _____ at the last minute due to illness.
A. fell through B. went off C. leveled off D. help up
KEY:
31. A 32. A 33. A 34. C 35. B 36. B 37. D 38. C 39. A 40. A

V. READING COMPREHENSION
Read the texts below and choose the best answer to each question.
READING PASSAGE 1:
Agriculture and Urbanization
 In the modern world, many people take the procurement of food for granted, especially in so-called
industrialized states. Even in many states with marginalized economies, there is enough food for all. It is
just unevenly distribute, with a powerful elite living lives of luxury in a land rife with deprivation and
starvation. An abundance of food is not the norm of human history. For the first ten of thousands of years,
humans lived a literal hand-to-mouth existence as hunter-gatherers, waking each morning with one
thought in mind: how to find something to eat. The fruits and roots of the plants they gathered and the
flesh of the fish they caught and the animals they hunted were their sole sources of nourishment. This
overwhelming need occupied most of their time, leaving them with little to improve their lives in other
ways. Permanent settlements were unheard of, as each band or tribe moved from place to place seeking
new sources of food. It was not until man learned the mysteries of agriculture about 12,000 years ago that
man had a renewable source of nourishment and formed the first permanent settlements.
All of the main staple crops of the world had at one time grown in the wild, often in a different
form than man uses today. The cultivation of these plants in regularly planted fields constitutes the
beginnings of agriculture, and, coupled with the domestication of animals, it marked the first real
civilizations on Earth. Prior to this point, in approximately 10,000 B.C., there was nothing to unify
humans in any large groupings. In fact, large groupings would have been detrimental to the survival
of the group as the food from their natural surroundings could only support a limited number of
people. How and why man first began the process of planting crops, harvesting them, and storing them for
future use is still not entirely understood. Nevertheless, there are five undisputed original centers of
agriculture: the eastern United States, the area of southern Mexico and Guatemala, the Andes mountain
region of modern Peru, the Fertile Crescent region in the modern Middle East, and eastern China.
All five independently developed agriculture from the plant species available in the region. With
the exception of the eastern United States, in ancient times, all became centers of urbanization, with the
Fertile Crescent area, the most likely site of man’s first towns and cities. Agriculture is a labor-intensive
activity, requiring a large group of people to live in the same place for continuous periods. Once an area
was cleared of trees, stones, or other obstacles and planted, it made sense to stay there and settle
permanently. The crops also needed to be protected from animals and those still living a nomadic
existence. Undoubtedly, agriculture gave rise to urbanization and not the reverse since without agriculture
there was no reason to form permanent settlements.
With a surplus of food available, people had time to take part in activities other than food
procurement. Artisans, merchants, scholars, engineers, priests, bureaucratic elites, permanent garrisons,
and a myriad of others were fed by the surplus labor of the masses. For the first time in human history, a
distinction grew between different groups of people: those who grew the food and those who did not.
Perversely, those who did not grow the food became the more powerful, using their free time to plan
cities and temples, develop weapons, gather armies, and wage war on their fellow humans. The masses of
people became tied to the land, laboring for the few elites at the top.
A distinction also grew between those who lived in the city and enjoyed its vice and those left back
on the farm. In the ancient world, the city became a place of danger, where crime was rife, illness spread,
and the worst sins of mankind were perpetrated, a situation that remains unchanged today. Much of
humanity now resides in cities despite modern urban ills. Most of mankind has been free of its daily
search for sustenance, allowing humans to progress in 12,000 years a tremendous deal farther than in all
man’s previous history. Yet this progress has been with much pain, with the rise of powerful elites and a
world of haves and have-nots.
41. According to paragraph 1, in many states with marginalized economies
A. there is enough food only for a select elite. B. food is not shared fairly by everyone.
C. everyone gets more than enough food. D. select elites decide who gets the food.
42. The word deprivation in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. privacy B. distress C. desire D. poverty
43. According to paragraph 2, all of the following are known about early agriculture EXCEPT:
A. where humans first began to grow crops. B. how humans first managed to grow crops.
C. when humans developed the first crops. D. the origins of the crops that are common today.
44. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the bold sentence in the
passage? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential
information.
A. Large groups could not exist because there was not enough food in a given area for everyone to live on.
B. Large groups were needed to survive because they could gather more food from a given area.
C. The size of a group depended on the amount of food in a given area and its natural surroundings.
D. Survival was dependent on the size of the group and the amount of food its members could bring with them.
45. According to paragraph 3, each original area of agriculture
A. had the same plants from wild sources. B. shared plants between different areas.
C. used the plants found in its own area. D. had some plants that were in common.
46. The word there in the passage refers to
A. centers of urbanization B. the Fertile Crescent C. the same place D. an area
47. The word nomadic in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. meager B. wandering C. bountiful D. harsh
48. In paragraph 4, the author uses the term perversely to indicate that
A. the division of humans into various classes was unnecessary.
B. it was strange that those doing all the work were not the elites.
C. the elites should be those with the time to help humanity progress.
D. class distinctions were an inevitable result of agriculture.
49. It can be inferred from paragraph 4 that prior to the development of agriculture there
A. was greatly equality among people. B. was a class of leaders in most groups.
C. were some types of craftsmen. D. were no conflicts among humans.
50. According to paragraph 5, centers of urbanization in all ages
A. developed only in places of agricultural development.
B. have attracted the best and brightest people.
C. were responsible for the spread of disease.
D. have problems that are similar to each other.
KEY:
41. B 42. D 43. B 44. A 45. C 46. D 47. B 48. B 49. A 50. D

READING PASSAGE 2:
Over the last century the world has become increasingly smaller. Not geographically, of course,
but in the sense that media, technology and the opening of borders has enabled the world’s citizens to
view, share and gain access to a much wider range of cultures, societies and world views. In this melting
pot that the world has become, today’s child is privy to facets of the human experience that his
immediate predecessors had no inkling even existed. It stands to reason that in order to absorb, configure
and finally form opinions about this information-laden planet, children must be supplied with certain
tools. Included in this list of ‘tools’ are: education, social skills, cultural awareness and the acquisition of
languages, the most important of these being the latter. Until recently, a child who had the ability to speak
more than one language would have been considered a very rare entity. This one-language phenomenon
could be attributed to a combination of factors. Firstly, the monolingual environment in which a child
was raised played a strong role, as did the limited, biased education of the past. With regard to
immigrants, the sad fact was that non-native parents tended to withhold the teaching of the mother tongue
so that the child would acquire the ‘more prestigious’ language of the adopted country.
Nowadays, the situation has undergone an almost complete reversal. In the majority of North
American and European countries, most children are given the opportunity to learn a second or even a
third language. Children acquire these foreign languages through various and diverse means. In many
countries, learning a foreign language is a compulsory subject in the state school curriculum. Other
children rely on language schools or private tuition to achieve their goal. In other instances, children are
born to bilingual parents, who, if they so desire, may teach the children two languages.
Bringing up one’s child bilingually is not a decision to be taken lightly. Both parents must
consider long and hard the implications involved in raising a child in a two-language home. This decision
is one of those all-important choices which will affect not only the parents’ lives but also the life of the
child. Raising a child bilingually has a two-fold effect. Firstly, of course, the child learns the two
languages of the parents. Secondly, the parents’ decision will influence factors which will have a far-
reaching effect on the child’s life. Some of these factors include: style and place of education; diameter of
social circle; employment potential and preference; and, most importantly, the way in which the child
views himself and his global environment.
One of the more advantageous by-products of being a member of a bilingual family is the
inherent awareness of two different cultures. This bicultural child inherits a wealth of knowledge brought
about by an exposure to: historical backgrounds; traditional songs and folklore; rituals of marriage;
 models of social interaction; and therefore, two varying interpretations of the world. The monolingual
child seems to be at a disadvantage in comparison to the bilingual child, who has a set of languages and
an accompanying set of abstract cultural ideas. Practically speaking, when a child comes from a two-
language family, he must be taught both languages in order to communicate with the extended family
members. When, for example, the grandparents speak a language which differs from that of the child’s
locale, a monolingual child would be deprived of the interaction which occurs between grandparents and
grandchildren. On the other hand, a bilingual child will not only be able to speak to grandparents, but will
also comprehend where these people have ‘come from’. There will be a shared cultural empathy within
the family. Because all family members can communicate, on both a verbal and cultural level, no one will
feel excluded and the child will develop a sense of rootedness.
On a more abstract level, it has been said that a bilingual child thinks differently from a
monolingual child. Current research in linguistics indicates that there may be a strong correlation between
bilingualism and cognitive skills. This new research concerns itself with the fact that a bilingual child has
two lexical structures for any given physical or abstract entity. This leads logically to the assumption that
the child also has two associations for many words, as a word can mean different things in different
languages. For example, the word ‘fire’ in many western hemisphere languages connotes warmth and
relaxation. In the Inuit language however, where fire is a necessity of life, it may connote heat and
survival. For the bilingual child, then, vocabulary items and the abstract idea behind them are both dual in
nature and more elastic. Researchers maintain that this elasticity of ideas may allow the child to think
more flexibly and, therefore, more creatively.
51. In the author’s view, the world is becoming a _____.
A. more culturally diverse place B. place where only privileged children will prosper
C. less complex place to live in D. much more integrated place
52. According to the first paragraph, which of the following was true of immigrants?
A. Children were reluctant to use their mother tongue.
B. The mother tongue was considered less important.
C. Parents encouraged children to use their mother tongue.
D. Most parents made it a priority for children to grow up bilingual.
53. The phrase privy to in paragraph 1 mostly means _____.
A. acquainted with B. advised of C. apprised of D. in the know about
54. The phrase attributed to in paragraph 1 mostly means _____.
A. ascribed to B. associated with C. connected with D. held responsible for
55. According to the writer, second or foreign language learning is something _____.
A. people are still apathetic towards B. mainly associated with private sector education
C. that few people take seriously D. about which general attitudes have evolved considerably
56. According to the article, the decision to raise bilingual children is difficult because _____.
A. it may limit the child’s choice of friends
B. though simple for parents, it can impact negatively on children
C. it may cause children to lose their sense of identity
D. it needs to be considered from many different angles
57. With regard to the ‘extended family’ in immigrant situations, the writer feels it is important that ____.
A. adults try to understand the child’s difficult cultural situation
B. children are not pressured to speak their parents’ native language
C. adults recognize the child’s need to identify more with local culture
D. children can relate to all aspects of their parents’ native culture
58. The word by-products in paragraph 4 mostly means _____.
A. entailments B. knock-on effects C. side effects D. spin-offs
59. The word connotes in paragraph 5 mostly means _____.
A underpins B implies C signifies D smacks of
60. According to current research, the benefit of learning two languages is that _____.
A. different types of knowledge can be accessed in different languages
B. bilinguals become more aware the origin of words in languages
C. it helps to develop different capabilities of the mind
D. bilinguals develop a greater sense of the value of culture
KEY:
51. A 52. B 53. D 5A. A 55. D 56. D 57. D 58. D 59. B 60. C
VI. GUIDED CLOZE TEST
Read the texts below and decide which answer best fits each space..
GUIDED CLOZE 1:
Why will some people pay good money to be scared out of their (61)_____? As someone who has
seen just one horror film in their life, this never ceases to (62)_____ me. You can keep your horror; to be
(63)_____, I would rather have surgery without anaesthetic. But according to psychologists, the fear we
(64)_____ is safe: we know that when the film ends, we’ll be (65)_____.
Horror films make our hearts (66)_____, and that’s part of what (67)_____ to us: if our lives are
uneventful, we seek excitement – in fact, it’s good for our nervous system.
A study carried out in 1995 showed that the higher people (68)_____ on a scale that measures
sensation-seeking, the more likely they are to be fans of horror films. People in their teens and twenties
tend to seek out (69)_____ experiences, and this makes them the biggest audience for horror films. That
usually (70)_____ with age: maybe we start to realize that real life is scary enough.
61. A. senses B. emotions C. wits D. guts
62. A. daze B. baffle C. elude D. defy
63. A. direct B. clear C. distinct D. honest
64. A. crave B. wish C. yearn D. long
65. A. unharmed B. innocuous C. blameless D. pristine
66. A. shake B. batter C. pound D. knock
67. A. attracts B. engages C. entices D. appeals
68. A. score B. mark C. grade D. point
69. A. severe B. intense C. burning D. fierce
70. A. fades B. dissolves C. disintegrates D. pales
KEY:
61. C 62. B 63. D 64. A 65. A 66. C 67. D 68. A 69. B 70. A

GUIDED CLOZE 2:
AUTISM DAY
World Autism Awareness Day is (71)_____ on April 2nd and aims to promote understanding of
all issues related to people (72)_____ as being on the spectrum of autism disorders. Like many
neurological disorders, ASDs can result in many (73)_____ that can lead to discrimination.
There are many within the autism community who dispute that the condition is a disorder at all
and instead put forward the view that autism is simply a normal neurological variation and part of the
neurodiversity of the human race and, as such, should not be pathologised.
This take (74)_____ ASDs has lead to a certain amount of (75)_____ between the scientists
researching autism conditions and the organizations raising awareness of the conditions. A number of
(76)_____ groups fear that researchers would like to find a cure for autism, which they maintain would
rob them of the (77)_____ of their individuality, while researchers claim to only want a better
understanding of the condition and to be able to offer help with some of the effects of autism such as
(78)_____ social anxiety. Those involved in research into ASDs (79)_____ that autism should not simply
be eradicated but, (80)_____, that it needs to be better understood.
71. A. noticed B. regarded C. watched D. observed
72. A. tabulated B. classified C. graded D. pigeonholed
73. A. hallucinations B. impressions C. misconceptions D. delusions
74. A. toward B. on C. into D. against
75. A. scraping B. abrasion C. chafing D. friction
76. A. support B. backing C. loyalty D. assistance
77. A. extract B. concentrate C. essence D. nectar
78. A. maiming B. limping C. hobbling D. crippling
79. A. scorn B. concur C. consent D. permit
80. A. nonetheless B. albeit C. notwithstanding D. however
KEY:
71. D 72. D 73. D 74. B 75. D 76. A 77. C 78. D 79. B 80. A

B. WRITTEN TEST: (70 PTS)

I. OPEN CLOZE TEST
Fill in each blank in the following passages with ONE suitable word.
OPEN CLOZE 1:
Mammals have brains so they can feel pain and fear and can react in disgust. If a wildebeest did
not feel pain, it would continue grazing as lions slowly devoured it. If an antelope did not sense fear, it
would not (1)__________ into a sprint at the first hint of cheetah. If a canine were not disgusted, it
would not vomit; it would not be, as the (2)__________ goes, sick as a dog.
Pain, fear and disgust are (3)__________ of a mammal’s survival machinery developed over tens
of millions of years of (4)__________. Homo sapiens have, however, only been around for about
200,000 years so all three emotional states (5)__________ something to mammal origins. If football
hooligans can feel those emotions, then (6)__________ too do deer, foxes and dogs. The argument is
about how “aware” or “conscious” non-human mammals might be during these emotional events. When
an animal knows it is being chased and starts to run, is it obeying some instinct (7)__________ from
ancestors that knew when to flee a danger zone or does it actually “know” to be afraid?
That might be the wrong question. A human startled by a strange shape in a darkened corridor
experiences a pounding heart, lungs (8)__________ for air and a body in recoil. This is the well-known
flight or fight reaction. A human appreciates the full force of fear and has already started to counter the
danger a fraction of a second before the brain has time to absorb and order the information presented by
the menacing figure. This is because mental calculations are too slow to cope with surprise attack. Pain
(9)__________ logic. Touch something hot and you withdraw your hand even before you have time to
think about doing so. Once again, the wisdom is (10)__________ the event.
KEY:
1. break 2. saying 3. part 4. evolution 5. owe
6. so 7. inherited 8. gasping 9. precedes 10. after

OPEN CLOZE 2:
The word 'graffiti' derives from the Greek word graphein, (11)_____ to write. This evolved
(12)_____ the Latin word graffito. Graffiti is the plural form of graffito. Simply (13)_____, graffiti is a
drawing, scribbling or writing on a flat (14)_____. Today, we equate graffiti with the ‘New York’ or ‘Hip
Hop’ style which emerged from New York City in the 1970s. Hip Hop was (15)_____ an inner-city
concept. It evolved from the rap music made in Brooklyn and Harlem in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
Donald Clarke, a music historian, has written that rap music was a reaction to the disco music of the
period. Disco was centered in the rich, elitist clubs of Manhattan and rap emerged on street corners as an
(16)_____. Using lyrical rhythms and 'beat boxing' the music was a way to express feelings about inner-
city life. Hip hop emerged (17)_____ turntables began to be used to form part of the rhythm by
'scratching' (the sound created by running the stylus over the grooves of an LP). As Hip Hop music
emerged so (18)_____ a new outlet for artistic visibility. Keith Haring began using posters to place his
uniquely (19)_____ figures and characters in public places. Soon he began to draw directly on subway
walls and transit posters. The (20)_____ of his drawings eventually led to their being shown in galleries
and published in books and his art became ‘legitimate’.
KEY:
11. meaning 12. into 13. put / speaking 14. surface 15. originally
16. alternative 17. as 18. did 19. drawn 20. uniqueness

II. WORD FORMATION

Complete the following sentences with the correct forms of the words given in parentheses.
1. "Was it a good read?" "Oh, totally __________ - I finished it in two days." (PUT)
2. Politicians are seen as corrupt and __________. (SERVE)
3. I’m trying to reduce my __________ by cycling more and driving less. (FOOT)
4. I lingered in San Francisco, __________ myself after the hardships of the cruise, spending money,
regretting it, continually promising departure for the morrow. (DAMAGE)
5. Business consultancy, financial services, and other __________ services are growing in importance
too. (KNOW)
6. Beck has the __________ task of trying to rebuild the business. (ENVY)
7. Time had done its work ridiculously, __________, yet effectively at last. (OPPORTUNITY)
 8. The news that Vietnam’s sacred turtle had died prompted a(n) __________ of sadness across the
deeply superstitious and Confucian country. (POUR)
9. He carefully recorded the __________ of his social life in his diary. (MINUTE)
10. Anyone attempting to invade the country will have to reckon with the __________ force. (PEACE)

KEY:
1. unputdownable 2. self-serving 3. eco-footprint 4. indemnifying 5. knowledge-intensive
6. unenviable 7. inopportunely 8. outpouring 9. minutiae 10. peacekeeping

Complete the passage with appropriate forms from the words given in the box.
pace stream earth cosmetics ally
ear part shadow process convention
Organic farmers pride themselves on fostering (11)__________ sustainable agriculture, but it remains
to be seen if the organic food industry's rapid growth is equally sustainable.
One challenge facing the industry is to bring the price of organic products more in line with those of
(12)__________ food products. The price of organic ingredients is improving over time, but demand still
(13)__________ supply in many cases. However, supply issues are (14)__________ by the fact that the
organic foods segment continues to grow faster than the food industry as a whole, fundamentally due to the
natural (15)__________ between organic crops and (16)__________ foods. For one thing, organic fruit and
vegetables (17)__________ for processing do not have to be as (18)__________ perfect as their fresh
(19)__________. In addition, freezing or tinning organic products reduces many of the shelf-life problems
associated with fresh produce. It was only a question of time before (20)__________ food companies woke
up to these synergies.
KEY:
11. earth-friendly 12. conventional 13. outpaces 14. overshadowed 15. alliance
16. processed 17. earmarked 18. cosmetically 19. counterparts 20. mainstream

III. MISTAKE CORRECTION

Identify TEN mistakes in the following passage and correct them.

The market for tourism in remote areas is booming as never before. Countries all across the world are
active promoting their 'wilderness' regions - such as mountains, Arctic lands, deserts, small islands and
wetlands - to highly spending tourists. The attraction of these areas is obvious: by defining, wilderness
tourism requires little or no initial investment. But that does not mean that there is no cost. Like the 1992
UN Conference on Environment and Development recognized, these regions are fragile (i.e. highly
vulnerable of abnormal pressures) not just in terms of the culture of their inhabitation. The three most
significant types of fragile environment in these respects are deserts, mountains and Arctic areas. An
important character is their marked seasonality. Consequently, most human acts, including tourism, are
limited to clearly defined parts of the year.
Tourists are drawn to these regions by their natural beauty and the unique culture of its people. And poor
governments in these areas have welcomed the 'adventure tourists', grateful for the currency they bring.
For several years, tourism is the prime source of foreign exchange in Nepal and Bhutan. Tourism is also a
key element in the economics of Arctic zones such as Lapland and Alaska and in desert areas such as
Ayres Rocks in Australia and Arizona's Monument Valley.
Your answers:
Line Mistakes Correction
0 1 that which
1
2
3
 4
5
6
7
8
9
10

IV. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION

Rewrite the sentences with the given words or beginning in such a way that their meanings remain
unchanged. You MUST NOT change the given words in any way.
1. She tried to explain how to operate the photocopier to me and ended up being perplexed. (KNOTS)
 She _______________________________________________________________________ operated.
2. Customs officials are stopping more travelers than usual this week. (SEARCHED)
 An increased ______________________________________________________________________.
3. Can you please stop causing trouble? (STOPPED)
 I ___________________________________________________________________________ waves.
4. I was quite shocked that when they broke the news, she stayed perfectly calm and controlled. (HAIR)
 It came ___________________________________________________________________________.
5. That he decided to retire early marked the end of his distinguished career. (CURTAIN)
 His ______________________________________________________________________________.
6. We discovered in the end that they had deliberately left some important facts. (TRANSPIRED)
 In the _________________________________________________________________ with the truth.
7. The chances are that by the end of the year the economy will have recovered. (INDICATION)
There is ___________________________________________________________________ feet again.
8. Central Gallery is nowhere near as good since there was a change of ownership last autumn.
(DOWNHILL)
 Central Gallery has really ______________________________________________ hands last autumn.
9. You have the right to complain about it in writing. (LODGE)
 You are at _________________________________________________________________________.
10. Prompt action from the police helped to reduce the number of people killed and injured in the
fighting. (SUFFERED)
 Were it ___________________________________________________________________ casualties.
KEY:
1. She tied herself (up) in knots when she tried / trying to explain to me how the photocopier was
operated.
2. An increased number of travelers are being searched by customs officials this week.
3. I’d / would rather/sooner (that) you stopped making waves.
4. It came as a great/big shock to me that when the broke the news, she didn’t turn a hair.
5. His decision to retire early brought the curtain down / down the curtain on his distinguished
career.
6. In the end it transpired that they had been economical with the truth.
7. There is every indication (to suggest) that by the end of this year the economy will be (back) on its
feet again.
8. Central Gallery has really gone downhill since it changed hands last autumn.
9. You are at liberty to lodge a written complaint about it.
10. Were it not to have been for prompt action from the police, the fighting would have suffered
heavy casualties.