Acid, Base and Salts

TOP 25 QUESTIONS
-by Prashant Bhaiya

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1.When sodium bicarbonate reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid, the gas
evolved is
a) Hydrogen; it gives pop sound with burning. matchstick.
b) Hydrogen; it turns lime water milky.
c) Carbon dioxide; it turns lime water milky.
d) Carbon dioxide; it blows off a burning match stick with a pop sound

2. Acid present in tomato is:

a) Methanoic acid
b) Acetic acid
c) Lactic acid
d) Oxalic acid

3. Which of the following options in the given table are correct?

a) (i) and (ii)

b) (i) and (iv)
c) (ii) and (iii)
d) (iii) and (iv)
4. Sodium hydroxide is termed as alkali while ferric hydroxide is not
because:
a) Sodium hydroxide is a strong base, while ferric hydroxide is a weak base.
b) Sodium hydroxide is a base which is soluble in water while ferric
hydroxide is also a base but it is not soluble in water.
c) Sodium hydroxide is a strong base while ferric hydroxide is a strong acid.
d) Sodium hydroxide and ferric hydroxide both are strong base but the
solubility of sodium hydroxide in water is comparatively higher than that of
ferric hydroxide.

5. Consider the following compounds

I. HCI II. C2H5OH
III. C6H1206 IV. H2SO4
Which of these compounds do not conduct electricity in solution?
a) I and II
b) II and III
c) III and IV
d) I and IV

6. The name of the salt used to remove permanent hardness of water is

a) Sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3)
b) Sodium chloride (NaCl)
c) Sodium carbonate decahydrate (Na2CO3.10H2O)
d) Calcium sulphate hemihydrate (CaSO4. 1/2H2O)

7. Which of the following salts do not have the water of crystallisation?

(i) Bleaching Powder (ii) Plaster of Paris
(ii) Washing soda (iv) Baking soda
a) (ii) and (iv)
b) (i) and (iii)
c) (ii) and (iii)
d) (i) and (iv)

8. Assertion (A): Sodium hydrogen carbonate is used as an ingredient in

antacids.
Reason (R): NaHCO3 is a mild non-corrosive basic salt.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

9. An aqueous solution of a salt shows an orange red colour when a drop

of universal indicator is added to it. This salt is made up of
a) a strong acid and a strong base
b) a weak acid and a weak base
c) a strong acid and a weak base
d) a weak acid and a strong base

10. Given below is a reaction showing Chlor-alkali process

2NaCl(aq) + 2H2O(l) -> 2NaOH(aq) + Cl2(g) + H2(g)
(A) (B) (C)
The products A, B and C are produced respectively
a) at the anode, at the cathode, near the cathode
b) near the cathode, at the anode, at the cathode
c) at the cathode, near the cathode, at the anode
d) at the anode, near the cathode, at the cathode.

SHORT AND LONG QUESTIONS

11. Which bases are called alkalies? Give an example of alkalies.

12. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between sodium
carbonate and hydrochloric acid indicating the physical state of the
reactants and the products.

13. What happens when chlorine is passed over slaked lime at 313K? Write
chemical equation of the reaction involved and state two uses of the
product obtained.

14. Curd is not kept in copper and brass utensils. Why?

15. Name the natural source of each of the following acid

(i) Citric acid (ii)Oxalic acid (iii)Lactic acid (iv)Tartaric acid
16. A student detected the pH of four unknown solution A, B, C and D as
follows 11, 5, 7 and 2. Predict the nature of the solution.

17. State reason for the following statements:

(i) Tap water conducts electricity whereas distilled water does not.
(ii) Dry hydrogen chloride gas does not turn blue litmus red whereas dilute
hydrochloric acid does.
(iii) During summer season, a milk man usually adds a very small amount
of baking soda to fresh milk.
(iv) For a dilution of acid, acid is added into water and not water into acid.
(v) Ammonia is a base but does not contain hydroxyl group.

18. (a) Identify the acid and the base whose combination forms the
common salt that you use in your food. Write its formula and chemical
name of this salt. Name the source from where it is obtained.
(b) What is rock salt? Mention its colour and the reason due to which it has
this colour.
(c) What happens when electricity is passed through brine? Write the
chemical equation for it.

19. What are strong and weak acids? In the following list of acids, separate
strong acids from weak acids. Hydrochloric acid, citric acid, acetic acid,
nitric acid, formic acid, sulphuric acid.

20. State in brief the preparation of washing soda from baking soda. Write
balanced chemical equation of the reaction involved.

21. What is baking soda chemically called? Give reaction involved in its
preparation. Write one of its uses.

22. What is meant by ‘water of crystallisation’ of a substance ? Describe an

activity to show that blue copper sulphate crystals contain water of
crystallisation.

23. Name the products formed in each case when

(a) hydrochloric acid reacts with caustic soda.
(b) granulated zinc reacts with caustic soda.
(c) carbon dioxide is passed into lime water.

24. a) A metal compound ‘X’ reacts with dil. H2SO4 to produce

effervescence, The gas evolved extinguishes a burning candle. If one of
the compound formed is calcium sulphate, then what is ‘X’ and the gas
evolved? Also, write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction
which occurred.
(b) (i) Name one antacid. How does it help to relieve indigestion in
stomach?
(ii) A farmer treats the soil with quicklime or calcium carbonate. What is
the nature of soil? Why does the farmer treat the soil with quicklime?

25. (a) Write the name given to bases that are highly soluble in water. Give
an example.
(b) How is tooth decay related to pH? How can it be prevented?
(c) Why does bee sting cause pain and irritation? Rubbing of baking soda
on the sting area gives relief. How?
 SOLUTIONS:
1. (c) When sodium bicarbonate reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid,
carbon dioxide gas is liberated. The reaction that occurs is shown below:
NaHCO3+HCI -> NaCl + H2O+CO2↑
Carbon dioxide when passed into lime water gives a milky solution. This is
due to the formation of an insoluble suspension of calcium carbonate:
Ca(OH)2(aq) + CO2(g) -> CaCO3(s)+H2O(l)

2. (d): Oxalic acid is present in tomato.

3. (c) Orange is a natural source of citric acid while tamarind contains

tartaric acid.

4. (b) Sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, etc. are

soluble in water, therefore they are termed as alkalies while bases like
copper hydroxide, ferric hydroxide, aluminium hydroxide, etc. do not
dissolve in water, therefore they are not termed as alkalies.

5. (b): HCI and H2SO4 are strong acid, give H+ ions in aqueous solution and
conduct electricity. C2H5OH and C6H12O6 do not produce ions in aqueous
solution and hence do not conduct electricity.

6. (c) Na2CO3.10H2O is used to remove permanent hardness of water.

Washing soda (Na2CO3.10H2O) reacts with soluble calcium and magnesium
chlorides and sulphates in hard water to form insoluble carbonates, that
can be removed by filtration and then water becomes soft.

7. (d): Bleaching powder: CaOCl2

Plaster of Paris : CaSO4.1/2H2O
Washing soda : Na2CO3.10H2O
Baking soda : NaHCO3

8. (a): Sodium hydrogen carbonate is used as an antacid to neutralise the

acidity in the stomach because it is mild non-corrosive basic salt.
9. (c): An orange red colour of universal indicator shows that the solution
tested is acidic in nature that is, salt is composed of a strong acid and a
weak base.

10. (b): When electricity is passed through an aqueous solution of sodium

chloride (called brine), it decomposes to form sodium hydroxide and this
process is called chlor- alkali process.

11. Soluble bases are called alkalies, e.g. sodium hydroxide (NaOH).

12.

13. Bleaching powder is formed.

313K
Ca(OH)2 + Cl2 ------> CaOCl2 + H2O

(i) It is used as bleaching agent in paper and textile industries.

(ii)It is used as disinfectant in purification of drinking water.

14. Curd and sour substances contain acids which react with brass and
copper vessels to form poisonous salts which are harmful for our health.

15. (i) Lemon and orange.

(ii)Tomatoes and Guava.
(iii)Sour milk (curd).
(iv)Tamarind.

16. A is basic ‘B’ is acidic ‘C’ is natural and ‘D’ is strongly acidic.

17. (i) Tap water contains ions which conduct electricity, distilled water
does not contain ions.
(ii)Dry HCl does not form ions but HCl gives H+ and Cl–.
(iii) Baking soda does not allow milk to change to lactic acid
which makes milk sour.
(iv) Adding water to acid is highly exothermic. Therefore water is added to
acid very slowly with cooling.
(v) Ammonia dissolves in water and forms H– Therefore, it is basic in
nature.

18. (a) HCl is acid and NaOH is base whose combination forms the common
salt. Its formula is NaCl (Sodium chloride). It is obtained from sea water.
(b) Rock salt is the common name for the mineral “halite”. Its chemical
formula is NaCl. It may be white or light blue or yellow depending upon
impurities present in it.

(c) electrolysis
2NaCl + 2H2O ------------------> 2NaOH + H2 + Cl2

19. Strong acids are those acids which are completely ionised in aqueous
solution. Weak acids are those which do not ionise completely in aqueous
solution. Strong acid: HCl, HNO3, H2SO4 Weak acid: Citric acid, acetic acid,
formic acid.

20. Sodium hydrogencarbonate (baking soda) on heating gives sodium

carbonate which on recrystallisation gives washing soda.
heat
2NaHCO3 -------------> Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O
Baking soda on heating gives sodium carbonate which on crystallisation
from aqueous solution gives washing soda, e.g.
Na2CO3 + 10H2O → Na2CO3 . 10H2O

21. Sodium hydrogen carbonate.

NH3 + CO2 + H2O + NaCl ------> NaHCO3 + NH4Cl

or
NaCO3 + CO2 + H2O -------> 2NaHCO3
It is used as an antacid.

22. The water molecules associated with a crystalline substance is called

‘water of crystallisation’.
To show crystalline salts contain water of crystallisation.

Materials Required: CuS04.5H20 (Blue vitriol), boiling tube, burner, cork,

delivery tube, test tube, clamp stand.

Procedure:
1. Take 2g of CuS04.5H20 in a boiling tube fitted in a clamp stand.
2. Observe its colour. Fit it with cork and delivery tube bent at two right
angles which dips into a test tube.
3. Heat crystals in boiling tube. ‘
4. Observe vapours being condensed in test tube.
5. Cool the crystals and add few drops of water into it.

Observation: Water vapours get condensed in a test tube and colour of

blue crystals changes into white. On adding water to anhydrous copper
sulphate, it changes into blue again.

Chemical Reaction:
heat
CuSO4.5H2O -----------> CuSO4 + 5H2O
blue vitriol white

Conclusion: Crystalline substances have water of crystallisation which are

lost on heating.
23. (a) Sodium chloride and water are formed.

NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) ---------> NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)

sodium hydrochloric sodium water
hydroxide acid chloride

(b) Sodium zincate and H2 are formed

Zn(s) + 2NaOH(aq) --------------> Na2ZnO2(aq) + H2(g)

Zinc sodium sodium hydrogen
hydroxide zincate gas

(c) Calcium carbonate and water are formed.

Ca(OH)2(aq) + CO2(g) --------------> CaCO3(s) + H2O(l)

lime water carbon calcium water
dioxide carbonate
(white ppt.)

24. (a) ‘X’ is CaCO3 (calcium carbonate). The gas evolved is CO2.

CaCO3 + H2SO4(dil.) ---------> CaSO4 + H2O + CO2

calcium
sulphate

(b) (i) NaHCO3 is antacid. It neutralizes excess of acid formed in the

stomach.
(ii) The soil is acidic in nature. The farmer wants to make it neutral by
adding quicklime which is good for crops.

25. Answer.(a) Alkali, e.g. NaOH (Sodium hydroxide).

(b) Lower the pH, more will be tooth decay. Acid reacts with Ca3(PO4)2 and
cause tooth decay. It can be prevented by brushing teeth after every meal.
(c) It is due to formic acid. Sodium hydrogencarbonate (Baking soda)
neutralises formic acid giving relief.