Design Calculation of Superstructure

EMPLOYER
Design calculation of Super structure of Elevated Road
EPC Contractor
Proof Checker
IIT KHARAGPUR
PMS
JULY 2023
CONTENTS OF SUPER STRUCTURE DESIGN CALCULTION
1) DESIGN DATA
2) SECTIONAL PROPERTY CALCULATION OF GIRDER
3) LOAD CALCULATION OF GIRDER.
4) DESIGN CALCULATION OF OUTER GIRDER
5) DESIGN CALCULATION OF INNER GIRDER.
6) DESIGN CALCULATION OF CROSS GIRDER.
7) DESIGN CALCULATION OF DECK SLAB.
8) STABILITY CHECK OF GIRDER.

DESIGN CALCULATION OF 30M SPAN PSC-I GIRDER
1.0 Detailed design of 30 c/c span
1.1 Basis
Basic design criteria have been prepared with a view to satisfy all the relevant technical requirements specified in
the contract.
1.2 Structure Description

The Bridge consists of three span simply supported PSC superstructure of span 30.0m c/c over RCC Pier &
abutments..
1.3 Material :
a) Grades of concrete are as follows:
i) Foundation :M35
ii) Substructure :M40
iii) Superstructure :M50
iv) Pedestal, crash barrier :M40
b) Grade of Reinforcement :Fe-500
c) Prestressing steel :12.7mm dia low relaxation strand of
UTS 1862 Mpa confirming to IS:14268
1.4 LOADS :
a) Unit Weight of Materials :
i) Unit weight of PSC super structure = 25.0 KN/m3
ii) Unit weight of RCC substructure & foundation = 25.0 KN/m3
iii) Unit weight of Structural steel = 78.5 KN/m3
iv) Unit weight of Wearing course = 22.0 KN/m3
v) Unit weight of Earth = 20.0 KN/m3
b) Dead Load (DL) :
Self weight of PSC I-girder and RCC deck have been considered for design of superstructure. In addition of self
weight of superstructure, self weight of substructure & foundation have also been considered in design of
substructure & foundation respectively.
c)Super Imposed Dead Load (SIDL) :

Weight of wearing course, crash barriers have been calculated.
d) Live Load (LL) :

As per IRC : 6 :2017, Live loads on two lane carriageway superstructure are as follows:
i)Two lane class-A
e) Impact (IL)
Impact factor of live load has been calculated as per IRC: 6-2017
Impact Factor for class-A = 4.5/(6+L)
f) Braking Force (BF)

Braking has been calculated as per IRC: 6-2017
Braking force = 0.20 x First vehicle + 0.1 x Succeeding Vehicles for Two lane Carriageway
+ 0.05 x Vehicles on each excess lane Carriageway
g) Centrifugal Force (CF)

The centrifugal forces shall be determined from the following equation:
C = WV2/(127R) C = Centrifugal force acting normal to the traffic.
W= Live Load V = Design Speed (km/hr) R = Radius of Curvature (meters)
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i) Force due to Support Settlement (SS)
For simply support span, forces due to differential settlement of supports need not be considered.
j) Temperature Load (TL)

For simply support span, force due to temperature rise & fall need not be considered.
k) Temperature Gradient (TG)

Stress due to temperature gradient along depth of superstructure shall be calculated as per IRC: 6-2017.
l) Creep & Shrinkage (CS)

Strain due to creep & shrinkage shall be taken as per IRC: 112-2011.
m) Seismic Load (EQ)

Earthquake Loads has been calculated as per IS:1893 and IRC: 6-2017. Project is located in earthquake
zone IV. Horizontal seismic forces has been computed as per clause no. 219.2 of IRC : 6-2017 for zone IV .
z = zone factor = For Zone IV = 0.24 I = Importance factor = 1.20
R = Response Reduction factor = 2.50 Sa/g = = 2.50
n) Wind Load (WL)

Wind Loads shall be calculated as per clause 209 of IRC: 6-2017.
o) Earth Pressure (EP) :

Value of φ for backfill = 30 deg
Value of δ of backfill = 20 deg
Active earth pressure Co-efficient shall be calculated as per Coulomb’s formula.
p) Water current force (Fwc)

Water current force is calculated as per clause no. 210 of IRC:6-2017 based on design hydrology for
the particular bridge.
q) Buoyancy (Gb)
Buoyancy is calculated as per clause no. 213 of IRC:6-2017 for water at HFL.
At HFL condition, earth pressure shall be reduced due to submerged unit wt of earth, dead load
of sub-structure & foundation.
r) Load Combination (LC)

As per Annex B of IRC:6-2017, the following load combination shall be considered for design
Load Combination - Ultimate limit state
1) Dead load +SIDL+Live load
2) Dead load +SIDL+ wind load (unloaded structure)
3) Dead load +SIDL+Live load(lead) + wind load (accompany) (loaded structure)
4) Dead load +SIDL+Live load(accompany) + wind load(lead) (loaded structure)
5) Dead load +SIDL+construction Live load(leading) + wind load(accompany)
Load Case DL SIDL Live load Wind load
1 1.35 1.75 1.5
2 (a) 1.35 1.75 1.5
2 (b) 1 1 1.5
3 (a) 1.35 1.75 1.5 0.9
3 (b) 1 1 1.5 0.9
4 (a) 1.35 1.75 1.15 1.5
4 (b) 1 1 1.15 1.5
5 (a) 1.35 1.75 1.35 0.9
5 (b) 1 1 1.35 0.9
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Load Combination for Rare Combination (SL1)
1) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress
2) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+ wind load(lead) (unloaded structure)
3) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+Live load(lead)+wind load (accompany)
4) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+Live load(accompany)+wind load (lead)
5) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+Live load(lead)+Temperature(accompany)
6) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+Live load(accompany)+Temperature(lead)
Load Case DL SIDL Prestress Live load Wind load Temperature
1(a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9
1(b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9
2 (a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9 1
2 (b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9 1
3 (a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9 1 0.6
3 (b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9 1 0.6
4 (a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9 0.75 1
4 (b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9 0.75 1
5 (a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9 1 0.6
5 (b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9 1 0.6
6 (a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9 0.75 1
6 (b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9 0.75 1
Load Combination for frequent Combination (SL2) - for prestressing member

1(a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9

1(b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9
2 (a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9 0.6
2 (b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9 0.6
3 (a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9 0.75 0.5
3 (b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9 0.75 0.5
4 (a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9 0.2 0.6
4 (b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9 0.2 0.6
5 (a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9 0.75 0.5
5 (b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9 0.75 0.5
6 (a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9 0.2 0.6
6 (b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9 0.2 0.6
Load Combination for Quasi-permanent (SL3) - for RCC structure

1) Dead load +SIDL
2) Dead load +SIDL+Temperature(lead)
Temperatur
e
1 1 1.2
2 (a) 1 1.2 0.5
2 (b) 1 1 0.5
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1.5 Arrangement
PSC superstructure of span 30.0m c/c over RCC pier on pile foundation have been proposed.
For two lane bridge with footpath, total width of carriageway is 7.5 and total width of deck slab
(incl. two nos. crash barrier ) is 9.7m. 4nos. PSC girders are placed on Elastomeric bearing.
1.6 Analysis
Dead load analyses, prestressing forces & loss and stress calculation have been done by excel spreadsheet
prepared in-house. SIDL, Live load have been done by STAAD PRO. Calculation of deflection has been done
by Conjugate Beam Theory & STAAD PRO. Forces & moment and design of abutment & its foundations have
been done by excel spreadsheet.
1.7 Construction Methodology
Substructure
RCC cast-in-situ abutment & abutment cap shall be cast over Pile foundation. The pedestal & dirt wall shall
be cast over abutment cap. Bearing shall be placed over pedestal before erection of PSC girder.
Superstructure
After 5 days casting of Precast Girder, first stage cables shall be stressed as per given force & elongation.
Second stage Cables shall be stressed after 28 days of casting of precast girder. After that all Precast
Girders shall be erected at bearing locations and Deck slab & X-Girder shall be cast erecting necessary
shuttering from precast girder at 60 days. After 30 days casting of Deck Slab i.e. after 90 days casting
of Precast Girder, SIDL shall be laid after removing of all shuttering material.
1.8 Reference codes & books

1) IRC: 5-2015
2) IRC: 6-2017
3) IRC: 22-2015
4) IRC: 78-2014
5) IRC: 112-2020
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1.0 Design Data for Simply Supported Prestressed I-Girder of span 30m -Straight span
1.1 Geometric details
C/C distance of piers = 30.00 m Effective girder span = 28.50 m
Deck slab overhang over pier = 0.75 m Girder overhang at either end = 0.50 m
Note - Overhangs are measured from the centreline of bearing. Angle for span, θ = 0.00 radian
Radius of curvature R 1E+15 m Design velocity of vehicle = 60 kmph
1.2 Cross-sectional details

Width of carriage way = 7.50 m Width of crash barrier = 0.50 m
Width of footpath = 1.50 m Nos. of footpath =1 Nos.
Width of railing = 0.50 m Average Deck Width 9.700 m
Depth of Precast Girder = 2.000 m Thickness of deck slab = 0.225 m
Overall depth of girder = 2.225 m Thickness of wearing coat 0.065 m
Number of PSC longitudinal girder =4 Nos. Spacing of longitudinal girder = 3.50 m
Number of cross girder =4 Nos. Avg Cant. span of deck slab -= 0.400 m
Max Cant. span of deck slab = 1.350 m Min Cant. span of deck slab = 1.350 m
Length of girder, LG1 = 29.500 m Length of girder, LG2 = 29.500 m
1.3 Cross sectional details of girders

Top width of precast girder = 1.00 m Width of web of PSC girder(support) = 0.75 m
Thickness of End cross girder = 0.45 m Width of web of PSC girder(san) = 0.30 m
Thickness of Inner cross girder = 0.30 m
1.4 Material details

1.4.1 Concrete details [ IRC:112-2011 ]
Grade of concrete = M50 Mean concrete strength fcm = 60.00 MPa
Modulus of elasticity Ecm = 35220 MPa Mean tensile strength fctm = 3.52 MPa
Lower fractile tensile fctm = 2.46 MPa Upper fractile tensile fctm95 = 4.57 MPa
Material safety factor γm = 1.50 Design concrete strength fcd = 22.33 MPa
Unit weight of concrete = 25.00 kN/m3 Coeff of thermal expansion = 12 E-06 /0C
Permissible Compressive stress at rare combination of loads = 24.00 MPa
Permissible Compressive stress at frequent combination of loads = 18.00 MPa
Permissible tensile stress = 1.64 MPa Modular ratio m = E p /E c
1.4.2 Reinforcing details [ IRC:112-2011 ]

Grade of reinforcement Fe 500 Modulus of elasticity = 200000 MPa
Material safety factor gs = 1.15 Design yield strength fyd = 434.78 MPa
Design yield strain eyd = 0.0022 Permissible working stress = 240.00 MPa
Density of Steel = 78.50 kN/m3
1.4.3 Prestressing strand details [ IRC:112-2011 & IS:14268-1995 ]

Type of prestressing strand Low Relaxation Ultimate tensile strength fpk = 1860.00 MPa
Modulus of elasticity = 195.00 Gpa 0.1% proof stress (0.87 UTS) = 1617.39 MPa
Design yield strength fpd = 1406.43 MPa Design yield strain epd = 0.0072
Applied jack pressure = 1455.65 MPa Expected slip at girder end = 6.00 mm
Type of sheathing material Corrugated HDPE Area of single strand of 12.7mm = 98.80 mm2
Coefficient of friction (m) = 0.17 per radian Wobble coefficient (k) = 0.0020 per metre
Typical cable identification 19T/13 Duct dia including sheathing = 90.00 mm
Width of anchorage plate = 245.00 mm Depth of anchorage plate = 245.00 mm
Minimum clear cover = 75.00 mm Clear distance between cables = 90.00 mm
Effective cover for cables = 120.00 mm Effective cover for anchorage = 210.00 mm
Eff dist between cables = 180.00 mm Eff dist between anchorages = 290.00 mm
Cross Sectional area of Tendon ( area of each stand = 98.80mm2) = 1877 mm2
Braking load (Breaking load each strand = 183.7 kN) = 3490 kN
Applied Force (90% of 0.1% proof load = =0.9*0.87*183.7) = 2733 kN
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1.4.4 Bearing
Type of bearing Elastomeric Seismic Zone Zone IV
Seismic Horizontal Coefficient = 0.120 Seismic vertical Coefficient = 0.080
1.5 Sequence of construction

Casting of Precast girders = 0 days
Prestressing First stage = 5 days
Second stage = 28 days
Erection of girder = 50 days
Casting of deck slab = 60 days
Removal of Shuttering, Laying of wearing course and crash barrier = 90 days
After 14 days casting of Precast Girder, first stage Cables shall be stressed as per given force & elongation.
of Precast Girder, all shuttering material shall be removed and SIDL shall be laid.
9.700
0.50 7.500 0.50
65 thk w/c
0.225 1.000
0.15
0.10
2.000 LG1 LG2 1.350 LG3
0.15
0.75 0.25
1.350 3.500 3.500 1.350
Section X-X
Center of Symmetry
0.225
0.15
0.10 0.30
2.00 2.00
0.45 2.000 1.750
0.15
0.25
0.75 28.50
30.00
0.500
Section Y-Y
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X
-0.4
Y Y
Longitudinal girder
3.5
9.700
3.5
3.5
Cross Girder
-0.4
X
0.750 28.50
30.00
Plan
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2.0 Sectional properties of Girder Inner Gider
2.1 Sectional properties of Precast Longitudinal Girder : At Mid Span
(Precast Girder only)
1.000
0.15 1 1
0.1 2 2
0.35
D= 2.000 3
0.15 4 4
0.25 5 5
0.225 0.3
0.75
Flexural Stiffness about major axis:

CG from 2 2
Id. No. bi di N A A x d'i A x ( d'i ) I CG(i) ICG(i)+A(d'i)
Bottom (d'i)
2 3 4 4 4
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m ) (m) (m ) (m ) (m ) (m )
1 0.350 0.150 2 0.1050 1.925 0.20213 0.38909 0.000197 0.38929
2 0.350 0.100 2 0.0350 1.817 0.06358 0.11551 0.000019 0.11553
3 0.300 2.000 1 0.6000 1.000 0.60000 0.60000 0.200000 0.80000
4 0.225 0.150 2 0.0338 0.300 0.01013 0.00304 0.000042 0.00308
5 0.225 0.250 2 0.1125 0.125 0.01406 0.00176 0.000586 0.00234
Total A = 0.8863 Total Axd'i = 0.88990 Total ICG(i)+ A ( d'i )2 = 1.31024
Total A = 0.886 m2
Total CG from bottom CG = =A/Axd'i = 1.004 m
Total Moment of Inertia about CG =ICG(i) + A ( d'i )2 -Ax CG^2 = 0.417 m4
Z Top =I/(D-CG) = 0.418 m3
ZBottom =I/CG = 0.415 m3
Perimeter in contact with air u = = 6.519 m
2.2 Sectional properties of Precast Longitudinal Girder : At Support

1.000
0.15 1 1
0.036 2 2
0.125
D= 2.000 3
0.75

CG from
Id. No. bi di N A A x d'i A x ( d'i )2 I CG(i) ICG(i)+A(d'i)2
Bottom (d'i)
2 3 4 4
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m ) (m) (m ) (m ) (m ) (m4)
1 0.1250 0.150 2 0.0375 1.925 0.07219 0.13896 0.000070 0.13903
2 0.1250 0.036 2 0.0045 1.838 0.00821 0.01508 0.000000 0.01508
3 0.750 2.000 1 1.5000 1.000 1.50000 1.50000 0.500000 2.00000
Total A = 1.542 m2
Z Top =I/(D-CG) = 0.548 m3
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Calculation of Sectional properties of main girder & cross girder for STAAD Analysis
2.3.
2.3 Sectional properties of Composite Precast Girder & Deck Slab : At Mid Span
As per cl. No. 7.6.1.2 of IRC 112-2011, the width of compression flange of beams with solid webs
beff = ∑ beff,i +bw for T-Beam beff,i = 0.2bi+0.1l0
bw = Width of web = 0.3 m lo = effetive span = 28.50 m
bi = Spacing of girder = 3.5 m
be = 3.500 m for T-Beam 3.500 m for L-Beam
3.500
1
Y
1 0.225
0.15 2 2
0.1 3 3
0.35
D= 2.000 Z 4 Z
0.15 5 5
0.25 6 6
0.225 0.3
0.75
Y
Flexural Stiffness about major axis X-X:
CG from
Id. No. bi di N A A x d'i A x ( d'i )2 I xx(i) Ixx(i)+A(d'i)2
Bottom (d'i)
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m2) (m) (m3) (m4) (m4) (m4)
1 3.500 0.225 1 0.7875 2.113 1.66359 3.51434 0.003322 3.51766
2 0.350 0.150 2 0.1050 1.925 0.20213 0.38909 0.000197 0.38929
3 0.350 0.100 2 0.0350 1.817 0.06358 0.11551 0.000019 0.11553
4 0.300 2.000 1 0.6000 1.000 0.60000 0.60000 0.200000 0.80000
5 0.225 0.150 2 0.0338 0.300 0.01013 0.00304 0.000042 0.00308
6 0.225 0.250 2 0.1125 0.125 0.01406 0.00176 0.000586 0.00234
Total A = 1.674 m2
3
Z Top of slab =I/(D+d-CG) = 1.333 m
3
Z bot of slab = 1.965 m
Zbottom of beam =I/CG = 0.611 m3
Flexural Stiffness about major axis Y-Y:
CG from
Centre (d'i)
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m2) (m) (m3) (m4) (m4) (m4)
1 0.225 3.500 1 0.7875 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.803906 0.80391
2 0.150 0.350 2 0.1050 0.325 0.00000 0.01109 0.001072 0.01216
3 0.100 0.350 2 0.0350 0.267 0.00000 0.00249 0.000238 0.00273
4 2.000 0.300 1 0.6000 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.004500 0.00450
5 0.150 0.225 2 0.0338 0.225 0.00000 0.00171 0.000095 0.00180
6 0.250 0.225 2 0.1125 0.263 0.00000 0.00775 0.000475 0.00823
Total Area = 1.6738 Total Axd'i = 0.00000 Total I = 0.83333
Total Moment of Inertia about CG = 0.833 m4
Torsional Stiffness : 3.500
Id. No. d b d/b k J0 = kb3d 1 0.225
(m) (m) (m4) 0.8600 2 0.250
1 3.5000 0.2250 15.556 0.333 0.01328
2 0.8600 0.2500 3.440 0.271 0.00364
3 1.350
3 1.3500 0.3000 4.500 0.289 0.01053 0.3
4 0.6656 0.4000 1.664 0.224 0.00954
Total torsional stiffness 0.03699 4 0.400
0.6656
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2.4.
2.4 Sectional properties of Composite Precast Girder & Deck Slab : At Support
3.500
1
Y
1 0.225
0.15 2 2
0.036 3 3
0.125
D= 2.000 X 4 X
0.75
Y
CG from 2 2
Bottom (d'i)
2 3 4 4 4
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m ) (m) (m ) (m ) (m ) (m )
1 3.5000 0.225 1 0.7875 2.1125 1.66359 3.51434 0.003322 3.51766
2 0.1250 0.150 2 0.0375 1.925 0.07219 0.13896 0.000070 0.13903
3 0.1250 0.036 2 0.0045 1.838 0.00821 0.01508 0.000000 0.01508
4 0.750 2.000 1 1.5000 1.000 1.50000 1.50000 0.500000 2.00000
Total A = 2.329 m2
Z Top of slab =I/(D+d-CG) = 1.387 m3
Z Top of girder 1.900 m3
Zbottom of girder =I/CG = 0.829 m3
CG from
Centre (d'i)
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m2) (m) (m3) (m4) (m4) (m4)
1 0.225 3.500 1 0.7875 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.803906 0.80391
2 0.150 0.125 2 0.0375 0.438 0.00000 0.00718 0.000049 0.00723
3 0.036 0.125 2 0.0045 0.792 0.00000 0.00280 0.000004 0.00280
4 2.000 0.750 1 1.5000 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.070313 0.07031
Id. No. d b d/b k J0 = kb3d 1 0.225
(m) (m) (m4) 0.9760 2 0.186
1 3.5000 0.2250 15.556 0.333 0.01328
2 0.9760 0.1857 5.255 0.294 0.00184 3
1.814
3 1.8143 0.7500 2.419 0.253 0.19330 0.75
Total torsional stiffness 0.20841
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2.5.
2.5 Sectional properties of Composite Precast Girder & Deck Slab : At flared Portion
3.500
1
Y
1 0.225
0.15 2 2
0.068 3 3
0.2375
D= 2.000 X 4 X
0.075 5 5
0.25 6 6
0.1125 0.525
0.75
Y
CG from
Bottom (d'i)
2 3 4 4 4
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m ) (m) (m ) (m ) (m ) (m )
1 3.500 0.225 1 0.7875 2.113 1.66359 3.51434 0.003322 3.51766
2 0.238 0.150 2 0.0713 1.925 0.13716 0.26403 0.000134 0.26416
3 0.238 0.068 2 0.0161 1.827 0.02945 0.05382 0.000004 0.05382
4 0.525 2.000 1 1.0500 1.000 1.05000 1.05000 0.350000 1.40000
5 0.113 0.075 2 0.0084 0.275 0.00232 0.00064 0.000003 0.00064
6 0.113 0.250 2 0.0563 0.125 0.00703 0.00088 0.000293 0.00117
Total CG from bottom = 1.4524 m
CG from
Centre (d'i)
2 3 4 4 4
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m ) (m) (m ) (m ) (m ) (m )
1 0.225 3.500 1 0.7875 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.803906 0.80391
2 0.150 0.238 2 0.0713 0.381 0.00000 0.01036 0.000335 0.01069
3 0.068 0.238 2 0.0161 0.342 0.00000 0.00188 0.000051 0.00193
4 2.000 0.525 1 1.0500 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.024117 0.02412
5 0.075 0.113 2 0.0084 0.300 0.00000 0.00076 0.000006 0.00077
6 0.250 0.113 2 0.0563 0.319 0.00000 0.00572 0.000059 0.00577
Id. No. d b d/b k J0 = kb3d 1 0.225
(m) (m) 4
(m ) 0.9260 2 0.218
1 3.5000 0.2250 15.556 0.333 0.01328
2 0.9260 0.2179 4.251 0.284 0.00271
3 1.457
3 1.4571 0.5250 2.776 0.259 0.05460 0.525
4 0.7240 0.3250 2.228 0.244 0.00607
0.7240
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2.6.
2.6 Sectional Properties of intermeaiate Cross Girder Member
1.781
1 0.225
2 1.750
0.30

CG from 2 2
Bottom (d'i)
2 3 4 4 4
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m ) (m) (m ) (m ) (m ) (m )
1 1.7813 0.225 1 0.4008 1.863 0.74646 1.39027 0.001691 1.39196
2 0.3000 1.750 1 0.5250 0.875 0.45938 0.40195 0.133984 0.53594
4
Total Moment of Inertia about CG = 0.3573 m
CG from 2 2
Centre (d'i)
2 3 4 4 4
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m ) (m) (m ) (m ) (m ) (m )
1 0.225 1.781 1 0.4008 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.105968 0.10597
2 1.750 0.300 1 0.5250 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.003938 0.00394
Torsional Stiffness :
Id. No. d b d/b k J0 = kb3d
(m) (m) (m4)
1 1.7813 0.2250 7.917 0.333 0.00676
2 1.7500 0.3000 5.833 0.295 0.01392
2.7.
2.7 Sectional properties of End Cross girder Member
1.266
1 0.225
2 1.750
0.45

CG from
Bottom (d'i)
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m2) (m) (m3) (m4) (m4) (m4)
1 1.2656 0.225 1 0.2848 1.863 0.53038 0.98783 0.001201 0.98903
2 0.4500 1.750 1 0.7875 0.875 0.68906 0.60293 0.200977 0.80391
CG from 2 2
Centre (d'i)
2 3 4 4 4
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m ) (m) (m ) (m ) (m ) (m )
1 0.225 1.266 1 0.2848 0.233 0.06630 0.01543 0.038012 0.05345
2 1.750 0.450 1 0.7875 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.013289 0.01329
(m) (m) (m4)
1 1.2656 0.2250 5.625 0.294 0.00423
2 1.7500 0.4500 3.889 0.279 0.04449
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2.8.Summary of sectional properties of Girders
Composite Inner Precast Girder & Deck Slab Longitudinal girder End Cross Central
Desription Unit At span At support At Flared Girder Cross Girder
2
Cross-sectional area m 1.6738 2.3295 1.9896 1.0723 0.9258
I about major axis X-X m4 0.9323 1.1542 1.0408 0.4061 0.3573
4
I about major axis Y-Y m 0.8333 0.8842 0.8472 0.0626 0.1099
4
Torsional stiffness m 0.0370 0.2084 0.0767 0.0487 0.0207
3 3 2 2
Torsional Moment of Inertia J0 = 3xb xd /{10x(b +d )}
2
(if b>5d<10d) 3/{10x(1+(b/d) )}
Where, k = b = Shoter Side d = Longer Side
J0 = kb3d
According to Timoshenko and Goodier"s Table k=
d/b k d/b k
1.00 0.141 3.00 0.263
1.20 0.166 4.00 0.281
1.50 0.196 5.00 0.291
2.00 0.229 10.00 0.312
2.25 0.240 >10.00 0.333
2.50 0.249
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2.0 Sectional properties of Girder Outer Girder
1.000
0.15 1 1
0.1 2 2
0.35
D= 2.000 3
0.15 4 4
0.25 5 5
0.225 0.3
0.75

CG from 2 2
Bottom (d'i)
2 3 4 4 4
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m ) (m) (m ) (m ) (m ) (m )
1 0.350 0.150 2 0.1050 1.925 0.20213 0.38909 0.000197 0.38929
2 0.350 0.100 2 0.0350 1.817 0.06358 0.11551 0.000019 0.11553
3 0.300 2.000 1 0.6000 1.000 0.60000 0.60000 0.200000 0.80000
4 0.225 0.150 2 0.0338 0.300 0.01013 0.00304 0.000042 0.00308
5 0.225 0.250 2 0.1125 0.125 0.01406 0.00176 0.000586 0.00234
Total A = 0.886 m2
Z Top =I/(D-CG) = 0.418 m3

1.000
0.15 1 1
0.036 2 2
0.125
D= 2.000 3
0.75

CG from
Bottom (d'i)
2 3 4 4
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m ) (m) (m ) (m ) (m ) (m4)
1 0.1250 0.150 2 0.0375 1.925 0.07219 0.13896 0.000070 0.13903
2 0.1250 0.036 2 0.0045 1.838 0.00821 0.01508 0.000000 0.01508
3 0.750 2.000 1 1.5000 1.000 1.50000 1.50000 0.500000 2.00000
Total A = 1.542 m2
Z Top =I/(D-CG) = 0.548 m3
14 of 64
2.3.
3.100
1
Y
1 0.225
0.15 2 2
0.1 3 3
0.35
D= 2.000 Z 4 Z
0.15 5 5
0.25 6 6
0.225 0.3
0.75
Y
CG from
Bottom (d'i)
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m2) (m) (m3) (m4) (m4) (m4)
1 3.100 0.225 1 0.6975 2.113 1.47347 3.11270 0.002943 3.11565
2 0.350 0.150 2 0.1050 1.925 0.20213 0.38909 0.000197 0.38929
3 0.350 0.100 2 0.0350 1.817 0.06358 0.11551 0.000019 0.11553
4 0.300 2.000 1 0.6000 1.000 0.60000 0.60000 0.200000 0.80000
5 0.225 0.150 2 0.0338 0.300 0.01013 0.00304 0.000042 0.00308
6 0.225 0.250 2 0.1125 0.125 0.01406 0.00176 0.000586 0.00234
Total A = 1.584 m2
3
3
CG from
Centre (d'i)
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m2) (m) (m3) (m4) (m4) (m4)
1 0.225 3.100 1 0.6975 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.558581 0.55858
2 0.150 0.350 2 0.1050 0.325 0.00000 0.01109 0.001072 0.01216
3 0.100 0.350 2 0.0350 0.267 0.00000 0.00249 0.000238 0.00273
4 2.000 0.300 1 0.6000 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.004500 0.00450
5 0.150 0.225 2 0.0338 0.225 0.00000 0.00171 0.000095 0.00180
6 0.250 0.225 2 0.1125 0.263 0.00000 0.00775 0.000475 0.00823
Id. No. d b d/b k J0 = kb3d 1 0.225
(m) (m) (m4) 0.8600 2 0.250
1 3.1000 0.2250 13.778 0.333 0.01176
2 0.8600 0.2500 3.440 0.271 0.00364
3 1.350
3 1.3500 0.3000 4.500 0.289 0.01053 0.3
4 0.6656 0.4000 1.664 0.224 0.00954
0.6656
15 of 64
2.4.
3.100
1
Y
1 0.225
0.15 2 2
0.036 3 3
0.125
D= 2.000 X 4 X
0.75
Y
CG from 2 2
Bottom (d'i)
2 3 4 4 4
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m ) (m) (m ) (m ) (m ) (m )
1 3.1000 0.225 1 0.6975 2.1125 1.47347 3.11270 0.002943 3.11565
2 0.1250 0.150 2 0.0375 1.925 0.07219 0.13896 0.000070 0.13903
3 0.1250 0.036 2 0.0045 1.838 0.00821 0.01508 0.000000 0.01508
4 0.750 2.000 1 1.5000 1.000 1.50000 1.50000 0.500000 2.00000
Total A = 2.239 m2
CG from
Centre (d'i)
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m2) (m) (m3) (m4) (m4) (m4)
1 0.225 3.100 1 0.6975 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.558581 0.55858
2 0.150 0.125 2 0.0375 0.438 0.00000 0.00718 0.000049 0.00723
3 0.036 0.125 2 0.0045 0.792 0.00000 0.00280 0.000004 0.00280
4 2.000 0.750 1 1.5000 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.070313 0.07031
Id. No. d b d/b k J0 = kb3d 1 0.225
(m) (m) (m4) 0.9760 2 0.186
1 3.1000 0.2250 13.778 0.333 0.01176
2 0.9760 0.1857 5.255 0.294 0.00184 3
1.814
3 1.8143 0.7500 2.419 0.253 0.19330 0.75
16 of 64
2.5.
3.100
1
Y
1 0.225
0.15 2 2
0.068 3 3
0.2375
D= 2.000 X 4 X
0.075 5 5
0.25 6 6
0.1125 0.525
0.75
Y
CG from
Bottom (d'i)
2 3 4 4 4
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m ) (m) (m ) (m ) (m ) (m )
1 3.100 0.225 1 0.6975 2.113 1.47347 3.11270 0.002943 3.11565
2 0.238 0.150 2 0.0713 1.925 0.13716 0.26403 0.000134 0.26416
3 0.238 0.068 2 0.0161 1.827 0.02945 0.05382 0.000004 0.05382
4 0.525 2.000 1 1.0500 1.000 1.05000 1.05000 0.350000 1.40000
5 0.113 0.075 2 0.0084 0.275 0.00232 0.00064 0.000003 0.00064
6 0.113 0.250 2 0.0563 0.125 0.00703 0.00088 0.000293 0.00117
CG from
Centre (d'i)
2 3 4 4 4
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m ) (m) (m ) (m ) (m ) (m )
1 0.225 3.100 1 0.6975 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.558581 0.55858
2 0.150 0.238 2 0.0713 0.381 0.00000 0.01036 0.000335 0.01069
3 0.068 0.238 2 0.0161 0.342 0.00000 0.00188 0.000051 0.00193
4 2.000 0.525 1 1.0500 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.024117 0.02412
5 0.075 0.113 2 0.0084 0.300 0.00000 0.00076 0.000006 0.00077
6 0.250 0.113 2 0.0563 0.319 0.00000 0.00572 0.000059 0.00577
Id. No. d b d/b k J0 = kb3d 1 0.225
(m) (m) 4
(m ) 0.9260 2 0.218
1 3.1000 0.2250 13.778 0.333 0.01176
2 0.9260 0.2179 4.251 0.284 0.00271
3 1.457
3 1.4571 0.5250 2.776 0.259 0.05460 0.525
4 0.7240 0.3250 2.228 0.244 0.00607
0.7240
17 of 64
2.6.
1.781
1 0.225
2 1.750
0.30

CG from 2 2
Bottom (d'i)
2 3 4 4 4
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m ) (m) (m ) (m ) (m ) (m )
1 1.7813 0.225 1 0.4008 1.863 0.74646 1.39027 0.001691 1.39196
2 0.3000 1.750 1 0.5250 0.875 0.45938 0.40195 0.133984 0.53594
4
CG from 2 2
Centre (d'i)
2 3 4 4 4
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m ) (m) (m ) (m ) (m ) (m )
1 0.225 1.781 1 0.4008 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.105968 0.10597
2 1.750 0.300 1 0.5250 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.003938 0.00394
(m) (m) (m4)
1 1.7813 0.2250 7.917 0.333 0.00676
2 1.7500 0.3000 5.833 0.295 0.01392
2.7.
1.266
1 0.225
2 1.750
0.45

CG from
Bottom (d'i)
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m2) (m) (m3) (m4) (m4) (m4)
1 1.2656 0.225 1 0.2848 1.863 0.53038 0.98783 0.001201 0.98903
2 0.4500 1.750 1 0.7875 0.875 0.68906 0.60293 0.200977 0.80391
CG from 2 2
Centre (d'i)
2 3 4 4 4
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m ) (m) (m ) (m ) (m ) (m )
1 0.225 1.266 1 0.2848 0.233 0.06630 0.01543 0.038012 0.05345
2 1.750 0.450 1 0.7875 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.013289 0.01329
(m) (m) (m4)
1 1.2656 0.2250 5.625 0.294 0.00423
2 1.7500 0.4500 3.889 0.279 0.04449
18 of 64
2
4
4
3 3 2 2
2
(if b>5d<10d) 3/{10x(1+(b/d) )}
J0 = kb3d
d/b k d/b k
1.00 0.141 3.00 0.263
1.20 0.166 4.00 0.281
1.50 0.196 5.00 0.291
2.00 0.229 10.00 0.312
2.25 0.240 >10.00 0.333
2.50 0.249
19 of 64
3.0 Load Calculation other than dead load
3.1 SIDL - Crash Barrier - per m 150 50 200
Unit weight of concrete = 25.00 kN/m3 50
Load Weight Lever Moment g mm
Sl No Area(m2) 200
Calculation (KN) arm(m) (KN-m)
a 0.45x0.165 0.074 1.856 0.225 0.418
b 1/2x(0.5+0.25)x0.05 0.019 0.469 0.033 0.016 500 f
c (0.5+0.25)x0.2 0.150 3.750 0.150 0.563 c
d 0.25x0.05 0.013 0.313 0.275 0.086 d
e 1/2x0.25x0.15 0.019 0.469 0.350 0.164 250 b
f 1/2x0.5x0.05 0.013 0.313 0.267 0.083 e 450
g 0.100 0.150 0.015 mm
Total 0.287 7.269 1.344 165 a
Total load of crash barrier = 7.269 kN/m
Say, = 7.5 kN/m 450
Lever arm = 0.185 m from outer face 0.235 m
Distance from outer girder LG1 = (1.350+1.350)/2 -0.185-0.05 = 1.115 m 8.3631234
Distance from outer girder LG4 = (1.350+1.350)/2 -0.5-0.0-0.185-0.05 = 0.615 m 4.6131234
Weight of wearing course- per m

Unit weight of wearing course = 22 kN/m3
Thickness of wearing course including overlay = 0.1 m
Width Lever arm
Outer girder LG1 = 2.600 m =2.600x0.1x22 = 5.720 kN/m 0.450 m
Inner girder LG2 = 3.5 m = 7.700 kN/m 0 m
Outer girder LG4 = 2.600 m = 5.720 kN/m 0.45 m
B. Construction Stage Live Load with shuttering:
Live load during construction = 1.5 KN/m2
Construction Live load on External Girder = 3.1*1.5 = 4.650 KN/m
Construction Live load on Internal Girder = 3.5*1.5 = 5.25 KN/m
Shuttering Load on each girder = 2 KN/m
Total load on External Girder = 6.650 KN/m
Total load on Internal Girder = 7.25 KN/m
20 of 64
3.2 Wind Loads on Structure
Wind Load as per Clause 209 of IRC:6-2017
As per clause 209.3.7 the bridges shall not be considered to be carrying any live load
when the wind speed at deck level exceeds 36m/s.
Vb = design wind speed at any height = 47 m/s
Tranverse wind Force FT = PZxA1xGxCD
Longitudinal wind Force FL = 25% of FT
Vertical wind Force FV = PZxA3xGxCL
Span (c/c of exp gap) = 30.0 m
Overall width = 9.7 m
Depth of superstructure = 2.23 m
where, Pz = The design wind pressure at the location of the bridge.
A1 = Solid area as seen in elevation. =30x(2.225+0.065+1.05) = 100.20 sqm
A3 = Plan area of the Superstructure =30x9.7 = 291.00 sqm
Type of Superstructure : Two beam/Box girder
b/d ratio for the Superstructure : =3.5/2.225 = 1.6
CD = Drag coefficient for the Superstructure = 2.25
(For slab bridge, CD =1.1, For Single beam/Box girder, CD =1.5 for b/d<=2.0, CD =1.3 for b/d>=6.0 and inbetween interpolated CD to be
considered)
G = Gust Factor (If Span<=150, G=2, Otherwise Wind tunnel testing required) = 2.0
CL = Lift coefficient = 0.75
3.2.1 Wind load on Unloaded structure

a) Wind load on Superstructure
Bridge situated in : = Plain Terrain
Wind Speed & design wind pressure for Basic wind speed of 33Wind
m/s speed & design wind pr. for Basic wind speed of 47m/s
H Plain Terrain Terrain with Obstructions H Plain Terrain Terrain with Obstructions
(m) Vz (m/s) Pz (N/m2) Vz (m/s) Pz (N/m2)
Vz (m/s) Pz (N/m2) Vz (m/s)
(m) Pz (N/m2)
10 27.8 463.7 17.8 190.5 < 10 39.6 940.6 25.4 386.4
15 29.2 512.5 19.6 230.5 15 41.6 1039.6 27.9 467.6
20 30.3 550.6 21 265.3 20 43.2 1116.9 29.9 538.2
30 31.4 590.2 22.8 312.2 30 44.7 1197.2 32.5 633.3
50 33.1 659.2 24.9 370.4 50 47.1 1337.2 35.5 751.3
60 33.6 676.3 25.6 392.9 60 47.9 1371.9 36.5 797.0
70 34.0 693.6 26.2 412.8 70 48.4 1406.9 37.3 837.4
80 34.4 711.2 26.9 433.3 80 49.0 1442.6 38.3 878.9
90 34.9 729.0 27.5 454.2 90 49.7 1478.8 39.2 921.3
100 35.3 747.0 28.2 475.6 100 50.3 1515.3 40.2 964.7
Average Height of superstructure = 15 m
2
Lower bound Height = 15 m Pz = = 1039.6 N/m
2
Upper Bound Height = 15 m Pz = = 1039.6 N/m
2
Pz = The design wind pressure at the bridge location for h= 15.000 m 1039.6 N/m
A1 = Solid area as seen in elevation. = 100.2 sqm
A3 = Plan area of the Superstructure = 291.0 sqm
Summary of wind Force on superstructure
Tranverse wind Force FT = 703.1 kN Longitudinal wind Force FL = 175.8 kN
Vertical wind Force FV = 453.8 kN udl = 1.559 kN/m2
UDL on girder Outer udl = 4.83 kN/m
Inner udl = 5.46 kN/m
Tranverse wind Force FT = udl = 7.02 kN/m2
udl = 22.98 kN/m
21 of 64
3.2.2 Wind load on loaded structure
(m) Vz (m/s) Pz (N/m2) Vz (m/s) Pz (N/m2) Vz (m/s) Pz (N/m2) Vz (m/s)
(m) Pz (N/m2)
10 27.8 463.7 17.8 190.5 < 10 30.33 551.84 19.42 226.71
15 29.2 512.5 19.6 230.5 15 31.85 609.92 21.38 274.31
20 30.3 550.6 21 265.3 20 33.05 655.26 22.91 315.73
30 31.4 590.2 22.8 312.2 30 34.25 702.39 24.87 371.54
50 33.1 659.2 24.9 370.4 50 36.11 784.50 27.16 440.81
60 33.6 676.3 25.6 392.9 60 36.65 804.85 27.93 467.58
70 34.0 693.6 26.2 412.8 70 37.09 825.44 28.58 491.27
80 34.4 711.2 26.9 433.3 80 37.53 846.39 29.35 515.66
90 34.9 729 27.5 454.2 90 38.07 867.57 30.00 540.54
100 35.3 747 28.2 475.6 100 38.51 888.99 30.76 566.00
2
2
Pz = The design wind pressure at the bridge location for h= 15.000 m 609.9 N/m2
Outer udl = 3.20 kN/m
udl = 13.48 kN/m
22 of 64
3.3 Footpath Live Load- per m
As per Cl. No. 206.3(b) of IRC:6-2017, 7.5m> L (Span length)<30m
/ / 2
Where, P= P - (40L-300)/9 P= 500 Kg/m L= 28.50 m
2
W= 1.5 m P= 406.7 Kg/m
U.D.L. due to footpath live load at each side = 406.7x1.5/100 = 6.10 kN/m
Distance from outer girder LG4 = (1.350+1.350)/2 -0.5-0.0/2 = 0.175 m
3.5 Live Load

iii) Two Lane Class-A Loading
27 27 114 114 68 68 68 68
1.1 3.2 1.2 4.3 3.0 3.0 3.0
18.80
Live Load Position
23 of 64
9.70
0.50 7.50 0.5
0.4
1.8 1.7 1.8
2.70 4.100 7.600

6.20
Live Load Position along Tranverse Direction
As per Cl. No. 211.3 b(i) of IRC:6-2000, For L = 28.50 m = 13.04 %
Congestion Factor = 1
One wheel load including impact for 2.7 t = 15.26 kN
3.6 Temperature stress
a) Temperature Rise
3500
17.3
150 A h1 =0.3h<0.15m = 150mm
75 B 4
175 C 1000 2.8 h2 =0.3h>0.1m = 250mm
-25 D <0.25m
100 E 650
F
1350 300 h= 2225 mm
150 G 525
100 H
150 I h3 =0.3h<0.15m = 150mm
2.1
750
Equivalent Beam Section Temperature Rise
Calculation of temperature stress due to Temperature Rise
Table I : Temperature Rise
y (m) from
Zone b (m) d (m) A (m2) Ay (m3) Ay2 (m4) t (0C) At(m2 0C) Aty (m3 0C)
top
A 3.5 0.15 0.5250 0.0750 0.0394 0.0030 -10.650 -5.5913 -0.4193
B 3.5 0.075 0.2625 0.1875 0.0492 0.0092 -3.400 -0.8925 -0.1673
C 1 0.175 0.1750 0.3125 0.0547 0.0171 1.400 0.2450 0.0766
D 1 -0.025 -0.0250 0.3875 -0.0097 -0.0038 0.000 0.0000 0.0000
E 0.65 0.1 0.0650 0.4250 0.0276 0.0117 0.000 0.0000 0.0000
F 0.3 1.35 0.4050 1.1500 0.4658 0.5356 0.000 0.0000 0.0000
G 0.525 0.15 0.0788 1.9000 0.1496 0.2843 0.000 0.0000 0.0000
H 0.75 0.1 0.0750 2.0250 0.1519 0.3075 0.000 0.0000 0.0000
I 0.75 0.15 0.1125 2.1500 0.2419 0.5200 -1.050 -0.1181 -0.2540
1.6738 1.1703 1.6847 -6.3569 -0.7641
E= Elastic Modulus of Concrete at service Condition = 3.5E+04 N/mm2
α = Coefficient of thermal coefficient of concrete = 1.2E-05 /0C
ε0 = Eigenstress
θ = Strain Gradient
The Two equations are as follows ε0xΣA - θxΣAy = αxΣAt
ε0xΣAy - θxΣAy2 = αxΣAyt
Solving ε0 = αx{ΣAy xΣAt-ΣAyxΣAty}/{ΣAxΣAy -Σ(Ay)2}
2 2
-= 8.1E-05
θ = αx{ΣAyxΣAt-ΣAxΣAty}/{ΣAxΣAy2-Σ(Ay)2} -= 5.1E-05
fci = E x{ε0 - yθ - αt}
Table II : Calculation of Eigenstress due to Temperature Rise
y from top
Position t (0C) yxθ αxt fci (N/mm2)
(m)
Top of Deck slab 0.000 -17.30 0.00 -2.08E-04 4.45
Top of Pre-girder 0.225 -2.80 -1.15E-05 -3.36E-05 -1.27
Soffit of girder 2.225 -2.10 -1.13E-04 -2.52E-05 2.02
24 of 64
b) Temperature Fall
3500
10.6
225 A h1 =0.2h<0.25m = 250mm
25 B 1.69
125 C 1250 0.7 h2 =0.25h<0.25m = 250mm
125 D 775 0.350
-25 E
F
1250 300 h= 2225 mm
100 G 0.32 h3 =0.25h<0.25m = 250mm

150 H 525 0.8
250 I h4 =0.2h<0.25m = 250mm
6.6
750
Equivalent Beam Section Temperature Fall
Calculation of temperature stress due to Temperature Fall
Table III : Temperature fall
y (m) from
top
A 3.5 0.225 0.7875 0.1125 0.0886 0.0100 6.1450 4.8392 0.5444
B 3.5 0.025 0.0875 0.2375 0.0208 0.0049 1.1950 0.1046 0.0248
C 1.25 0.125 0.1563 0.3125 0.0488 0.0153 0.5250 0.0820 0.0256
D 0.775 0.125 0.0969 0.4375 0.0424 0.0185 0.1750 0.0170 0.0074
E 0.775 -0.025 -0.0194 0.4875 -0.0094 -0.0046 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
F 0.3 1.25 0.3750 1.1000 0.4125 0.4538 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
G 0.3 0.1 0.0300 1.7750 0.0533 0.0945 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
H 0.525 0.15 0.0788 1.9000 0.1496 0.2843 0.4000 0.0315 0.0599
I 0.75 0.25 0.1875 2.1000 0.3938 0.8269 3.7000 0.6938 1.4569
Σ 1.7800 1.2003 1.7035 5.7680 2.1190
E= = 3.5E+04 N/mm2
α= = 1.2E-05 /0C
Solving ε0 = αx{ΣAy2xΣAt-ΣAyxΣAty}/{ΣAxΣAy2-Σ(Ay)2} = 5.5E-05
θ0 = αx{ΣAyxΣAt-ΣAxΣAty}/{ΣAxΣAy2-Σ(Ay)2} = 2.4E-05
Table IV : Calculation of Eigenstress due to Temperature fall
y from top
(m)
Top of Deck slab 0.000 10.60 0.00 1.27E-04 -2.55
Top of Pre-girder 0.225 1.69 5.35E-06 2.03E-05 1.03
Soffit of girder 2.225 6.60 5.29E-05 7.92E-05 -2.72
Hence sufficient amount Longitudinal reiforcement needs to provide in top Slab as per cl. 218.5 to control
the thermal cracking.
25 of 64
4.0 Calculation of Stresses for Girder LG1 (Outer) = 29.50 m
4.1. Load calculation
4.1.1 Dead Load Moment & Shear for Precast girder only
Unit weight of concrete = 25.00 kN/m3
2
Cross-sectional area at span = 0.886 m
2
Cross-sectional area at support = 1.542 m
Unit Weight at span = 22.16 kN/m
Unit Weight at support = 38.55 kN/m
Thickness of intermediate Cross Girder = 0.30 m
Thickness of end Cross Girder = 0.45 m
1.000 2.500 1.000
0.35 0.15
0.1 0.036
2 1.600 1.350
0.15
0.25
0.225 0.225
0.75 2.750 0.75
Part of intermediate cross girder {1x(2-0.25)-(0.89-0.75x0.25)}x0.3x25 = 7.88 kN
Part of End cross girder {1x(2-0.25)-(1.54-0.75x0.25)}x0.45x25 = 4.45 kN
= 4.45 kN
= 7.88 kN = 7.88 kN
38.55 38.55
22.16
0.500 2.00 2.00 20.50 2.00 2.00 0.500
0.500 28.500 0.500

9.5 29.500
Support Reaction = 396.51 kN
Table : Maximum BM & SF at critical sections
Section At support Near L/8 Near L/4 Near 3L/8 At L/2
Dist. for prop. Section(m) 0.000 3.563 7.125 10.688 14.250
Bending Moment (kNm) -4.8 1083.9 1815.0 2255.5 2396.1
Shear Force (kN) 372.8 235.0 165.7 40.4 0.0
4.1.2 Construction load and weight of shuttering & proping.
2
Assume, Construction Live load = 0.500 kN/m
Assume, UDL for weight of shuttering = 5.000 kN/m
Effective width of deck slab for end girder = 3.100 m
Weight of shuttering & Conc. Live load = 6.550 kN/m
6.550
0.500 28.50 0.500

Table : Maximum BM & SF at critical sections of outer girders
Distance 0.000 3.563 7.125 10.688 14.250
Shear 93.3 70.0 46.7 23.3 0.0
26 of 64
4.1.3 Dead Load Moment & Shear for Deck slab & X-girder
3
Unit weight of concrete = 25.000 kN/m
Thickness of deck slab = 0.225 m2
Thickness of deck slab at expansion joint = 0.400 m
Average width of deck slab at support = 3.100 m
Wt. of End X-girder (2.5/2x(2-0.25))x0.45x25 = 24.609 kN
Wt of Inner X-girder (2.5/2x(2-0.25))x0.3x25 = 16.406 kN
= 24.609 = 16.406 = 24.609
0.525
17.438 13.56 kN/m
0.750 28.50 0.750


Distance 0.000 3.563 7.125 10.688 14.250
Shear 256.7 194.6 132.4 70.3 8.2
4.1.4 Summary of Bending Moment & Shear Force for outer girder
a) Bending Moment (kNm) 3.69 7.38 11.06 14.75
Description At support Near L/8 Near L/4 Near 3L/8 At L/2
Distance 0.000 3.563 7.125 10.688 14.250
1 SEISMIC X DIR 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2 SEISMIC Y DIR 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
3 SEISMIC Z DIR 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Precast girder only -4.8 1083.9 1815.0 2255.5 2396.1
Construction load -0.8 290.1 498.0 622.6 664.2
Deck slab & X-girder -8.4 795.4 1377.9 1739.1 1879.0
Crash Baarrier -11.4 608.9 982.3 1084.5 1114.5
Total wt of deck slab = -24.6 2488.2 4175.2 5079.2 5389.6
SIDL from staad output 84.1 306.6 520.3 617.5 -661.3
Removal of shutter -91.5 -332.5 -561.3 -663.4 -707.4
Footpath live load 5.7 -241.3 -402.0 -451.1 -488.61
Live load 409.4 1508.1 2629.3 3064.6 3149.3
Total Live Load 409.4 1508.1 2629.3 3064.6 3149.3
Wind load (unloaded structure) 1.3 244.2 412.7 488.0 519.98
Wind load (loaded structure) 0.8 143.5 242.4 286.6 306.0
Construction load (1.5kN/m2) -0.2 68.7 117.8 147.3 157.2
Total 409.4 1508.1 2629.3 3064.6 3149.3
b) Shear force (kN) For SIDL & Live load - Refer STAAD Output
Desription At support Near L/8 Near L/4 Near 3L/8 At L/2
1 SEISMIC X DIR 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2 SEISMIC Y DIR 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3 SEISMIC Z DIR 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Precast girder only 372.8 235.0 165.7 40.4 0.0
Deck slab & X-girder 256.7 194.6 132.4 70.3 8.2
Crash Baarrier 189.1 137.5 -70.6 35.0 -24.7
Total DL 818.6 567.0 227.6 145.7 -16.5
SIDL from staad output 89.7 72.2 47.9 29.7 5.8
Footpath live load -69.2 -52.2 -30.9 20.8 -1.0 14.2875
Live load incl. snow load 424.6 377.1 289.9 224.7 160.4
Total Live Load incl.snow load 424.6 377.1 289.9 224.7 160.4
Construction load 22.1 16.6 11.0 5.5 0.0
Total 2621.0 1999.4 1107.2 823.0 298.0
27 of 64
4.1.5 Load Combination - Ultimate limit state
Transverse Vertical
Load Case DL SIDL Live load Wind load Long. Seismic
Seismic Seismic
1 1.35 1.75 1.5
2 (a) 1.35 1.75 1.5
2 (b) 1 1 1.5
3 (a) 1.35 1.75 1.5 0.9
3 (b) 1 1 1.5 0.9
4 (a) 1.35 1.75 1.15 1.5
4 (b) 1 1 1.15 1.5
5 (a) 1.35 1.75 1.35 0.9
5 (b) 1 1 1.35 0.9
7 (a) 1.35 1.75 0.2 1.5 0.45 0.45
7 (b) 1.35 1.75 0.2 0.45 1.5 0.45
7 (c) 1.35 1.75 0.2 0.45 0.45 1.5
7 (d) 1 1 0.2 1.5 0.45 0.45
7 (e) 1 1 0.2 0.45 1.5 0.45
7 (f) 1 1 0.2 0.45 0.45 1.5
a) Moment At support Near L/8 Near L/4 Near 3L/8 At L/2

1 728.1 6157.9 10491.0 12534.4 10842.6
2 (a) 115.2 4110.8 6910.7 8367.4 6577.7
2 (b) 60.7 3010.0 5059.1 6126.6 5187.3
3 (a) 728.8 6287.0 10709.1 12792.4 11118.0
3 (b) 674.3 5186.1 8857.6 10551.6 9727.6
4 (a) 586.0 5845.2 9934.3 11891.8 10199.3
4 (b) 531.5 4744.4 8082.7 9650.9 8808.9
5 (a) 667.4 6060.8 10314.7 12332.7 10645.6
5 (b) 612.9 4959.9 8463.2 10091.9 9255.2
7 (a) 195.9 4197.3 7072.9 8550.4 6748.5
7 (b) 195.9 4197.3 7072.9 8550.4 6748.5
7 (c) 195.9 4197.3 7072.9 8550.4 6748.5
7 (d) 141.4 3096.5 5221.4 6309.6 5358.2
7 (e) 141.4 3096.5 5221.4 6309.6 5358.2
7 (f) 141.4 3096.5 5221.4 6309.6 5358.2
Maximum 60.7 6287.0 10709.1 12792.4 11118.0
b) Shear At support Near L/8 Near L/4 Near 3L/8 At L/2

1 1898.9 1457.5 825.9 585.6 228.4
2 (a) 1325.4 942.4 424.3 268.9 -9.2
2 (b) 971.7 689.8 308.7 195.6 -7.7
3 (a) 1936.9 1487.9 845.9 597.8 230.2
3 (b) 1583.1 1235.3 730.3 524.5 231.7
4 (a) 1813.7 1376.1 757.7 527.2 175.3
4 (b) 1459.9 1123.5 642.1 454.0 176.7
5 (a) 1873.2 1431.3 802.4 564.1 206.2
5 (b) 1519.5 1178.7 686.8 490.8 207.6
7 (a) 1347.0 967.2 449.0 293.6 19.9
7 (b) 1347.0 967.2 449.0 293.6 19.9
7 (c) 1347.0 967.2 449.0 293.6 19.9
7 (d) 993.2 714.6 333.4 220.3 21.3
7 (e) 993.2 714.6 333.4 220.3 21.3
7 (f) 993.2 714.6 333.4 220.3 21.3
Maximum 1936.9 1487.9 845.9 597.8 231.7
28 of 64
4.1.6 Load Combination for Rare Combination (SL1)
1(a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9
1(b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9
2 (a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9 1
2 (b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9 1
3 (a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9 1 0.6
3 (b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9 1 0.6
4 (a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9 0.75 1
4 (b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9 0.75 1
5 (a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9 1 0.6
5 (b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9 1 0.6
6 (a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9 0.75 1
6 (b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9 0.75 1
4.2 Cable Details

Maximum midspan Moment for outer girder =
Precast Girder Only = 2396.13 kN-m
Deck Slab & Cross Girder = 1878.97 kN-m
SIDL = -661.31 kN-m
Wind load = 183.59 kN-m
Live Load = 3149.26 kN-m
Total Moment = 6946.6 kN-m
Sectional Properties Inner Composite Girder at Midspan :-
Area - A = 1.584 m2
Moment of Inertia - I = 0.899 m4
CG from bottom = 1.492 m
Z Bottom = 0.603 m3
Assume Nos. of Cable = N
Ultimate Force of each 19T13 strands P = 3490 kN
Applied Force = 2733 kN
CG From bottom = 0.152 m
"e" from CG of Girder = 1.340 m
Assum overall Loss = 30 %
Stress at bottom of Girder = NP/A+NP*e/ZBottom-M/Zbottom = 0
N = (M/ZBottom)/(P/A+P*e/ZBottom) = 2.11
Say, No of Cables Provided = 3.53
29 of 64
4.2.1 Calculation of Friction & Slip loss
0.525
X X X 4 0.375
2
3 0.375
4 0.180 2 0.375
1 3 2 0.180 1 0.350
0.125
0.195 0.360 0.195
0.75 0.75
Section at Midspan Section at Support
0.50 14.250
Y
4.50
1 2 X 0.18
0.18
0.15 14.750
Cable profile in Plan

0.15
0.525
0.375
4
0.375 3
2
0.375 0.180
1 0.180
0.35 0.125
0.50 4.850 4.50 3.50 1.250
.
Cable profile in Elevation
Vertical bending of Cable 1 =Tan-1{(0.35-0.125)/(0.5+4.85-0.15)} = 2.478 o
Vertical bending of Cable 2 =Tan-1{(0.35+0.375-0.125-0.18)/(0.5+4.85+4.5-0.15)} = 3.540 o
Vertical bending of Cable 3 =Tan-1{(0.35+0.375+0.375-0.125-0.18-0.18)/(0.5+4.85+4.5+3.5-0.15)}= 4.224 o
Vertical bending of Cable 4 =Tan-1{(0.35+0.375+0.375+0.375-0.125-0.18-0.18)/(0.5+4.850+4.5+3.5-0.15)}= 5.065 o
Radius for 1 to 3 = 20 m
Horizontal bending of Cable 1 2.944 o
Position of Cable
Cable Anchorage Location of vertical Bending
No. X Y Z X Y Z
1 0.000 0.000 0.350 5.200 0.000 0.125
2 0.000 0.000 0.725 9.700 -0.180 0.125
3 0.000 0.000 1.10 13.200 0.000 0.125
4 0.000 0.000 1.475 13.200 0.000 0.305
5 0.000 0.000 2.00 13.200 0.000 0.485
Cableof Horizontal Bending

Start End of Horizontal Bending Midspan
No. X Y Z X Y Z X Y Z
1 5.200 0.000 0.125 9.700 0.180 0.125 14.600 0.180 0.125
2 5.200 0.000 0.403 9.700 -0.180 0.125 14.600 -0.180 0.125
3 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 14.600 0.000 0.125
4 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 14.600 0.000 0.305
5 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 14.600 0.000 0.485
30 of 64
C.G. of Cables from Bottom of girder at different Locations
Position Support L/8 L/4 3L/8 L/2
Cable No 0.350 3.913 7.475 11.038 14.600 Distance from
Cable 1 0.335 0.181 0.125 0.125 0.125 Anchorage End
Cable 2 0.703 0.483 0.263 0.125 0.125
Cable 3 1.074 0.811 0.548 0.125 0.125
Cable 4 1.444 1.128 0.812 0.497 0.305
Cable 5 1.960 1.551 1.142 0.733 0.485
Friction & Slip Loss

Type of Tendon = 19T/13
2
Modulous of Elasticity (E) = 195 Gpa = 1.95E+08 kN/m
Refer figure 6.3, clause no.7.9.2, table no. 18.4 of IRC 112-2011
Cross Sectional Area(A) = 1877 mm2
Ultimate Force of each 19T13 strands (Breaking load each strand =183.7 kN) = 3490.30 kN
Applied Force -P(je) = (90% of 0.1% proof load = =0.9*0.87*183.7) = 2733 kN
Cofficient of Friction (µ) = 0.17 per radian
Wobble factor (k) = 0.002 per meter
Slip (∆L) = 6 mm.
P(je)=P(x)e (µφ+kl) or P(x)=P(je)/e (µφ+kl)
Cable 1 19 T13
Deflection Force after Force after
Length (l) in
Node Link
meter
Angle (φ) Radian e (µφ+kl) friction loss slip loss
Degree (kN) (kN)
1 2732.90 2465.49
1-2 5.205 0.00 0.000 1.0105
2 2704.60 2493.79
2-3 4.504 3.848 0.067 1.0206
3 2649.93 2548.47
3-4 4.900 2.944 0.051 1.0187
4 2601.26 2601.26
31 of 64
5.205 4.504 4.900
2732.90 2704.60 2649.93
1 2 3 2601.26
= 4
= 2548.47 2599.20
4.900
2465.49 2493.79
Force Diagram before & after Slip Loss
Assume Force of zero slip = 2599.196 kN
Point of Zero Slip from node 3 = 4.900 m
Area of Shaded Portion = ExAx∆L = 2196.324 kN-m
Area of Shaded Portion = 2196.324 kN-m
Diferance of these two forces = 2196.32-2196.32 = 0.000 kN-m
Hence O.K.
Length of Cable = 29.217 m
Extension of cable at each side = 112.74 mm
Cable 2 19 T13
Length (l) in
Node Link
meter
Angle (φ) e (µφ+kl) friction loss slip loss
Degree (kN) (kN)
1 2732.90 2460.50
1-2 5.210 0.00 0.000 1.0105
2 2704.58 2488.83
2-3 4.512 4.604 0.080 1.0229
3 2643.92 2549.49
3-4 4.900 2.944 0.051 1.0187
4 2595.36 2595.36
5.210 4.512 4.900
2732.90 2704.58
1 2 2643.92 2595.36
= 3
= 2596.70 4
2488.83 2549.49
2460.50 4.765
Hence O.K.
Extension of cable = 112.73 mm
32 of 64
Cable 3 19 T13
Length (l) in
Node Link
meter
Degree (kN) (kN)
1 2732.90 2499.84
1-2 13.236 0.00 0.000 1.0268
2 2661.51 2571.23
2-3 1.250 4.224 0.074 1.0151
3 2621.79 2621.79
13.236 1.250
2732.90 2661.51
1 2 2621.79
= 3
= 2616.37
2571.23 1.250
2499.84
Hence O.K.
Length of Cable = (13.236+1.25)x2 = 28.972 m
Cable 4 10 T13
Length (l) in
Node Link
meter
Degree (kN) (kN)
1 1438.37 1315.70
1-2 13.252 0.00 0.000 1.0269
2 1400.75 1353.32
2-3 1.250 5.065 0.088 1.0177
3 1376.41 1376.41
13.252 1.250
1438.37 1400.75
1 2 1376.41
= 3
= 1377.03
1353.32 1.218
1315.70
Hence O.K.
33 of 64
4.2.2 Summary of Cable Forces after Friction & Slip at different Points
Cable No 0.350 3.913 7.475 11.038 14.600
Cable 1 2467.39 2486.76 2521.35 2562.79 2601.26
Vert. angle 2.478 2.478 2.478 0.000 0.000
Hor. angle 0.000 0.000 2.944 0.000 0.000
C.G. 0.335 0.181 0.125 0.125 0.125
Cable 2 2462.41 2481.78 2519.28 2561.81 2595.36
Vert. angle 3.540 3.540 3.540 0.000 0.000
Hor. angle 0.000 0.000 2.944 2.944 0.000
C. G. 0.703 0.483 0.263 0.125 0.125
Cable 3 2501.72 2520.94 2540.16 2559.37 2621.79
Vert. angle 4.224 4.224 4.224 4.224 0.000
Hor. angle 0.000 0.000 0.180 0.180 0.000
C. G. 1.074 0.811 0.548 0.125 0.125
Total cable
forces 7417.72 7475.57 7560.07 7673.62 7818.42
Normal at
CG of Cable 0.706 0.493 0.313 0.125 0.125
Total cable
forces Per. 442.97 446.42 451.29 188.53 0.00
Cable 4 1316.69 1326.81 1336.92 1347.03 1376.41
Vert. angle 5.065 5.065 5.065 5.065 0.000
Hor. angle 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
C. G. 1.444 1.128 0.812 0.497 0.305
Total cable
forces 2nd 1311.55 1321.62 1331.70 1341.77 1376.41
stage
CG of Cable 1.444 1.128 0.812 0.497 0.305
Total cable
forces Per.
116.25 117.14 118.04 118.93 0.00
Overall
CG of 0.817 0.588 0.387 0.180 0.152
% loss 9.2 % 8.5 % 7.5 % 6.3 % 4.6 %
34 of 64
4.2.3 Length of Cables and Extension at each End
Cable No Total Length
Extension at each End
(m) (mm)
Cable 1 29.217 112.74
Cable 2 29.244 112.73
Cable 3 28.972 112.55
Cable 4 29.004 112.65
4.3 Stress Calculation of girder
Second stage Cables shall be stressed after 28 days of casting of precast girder. After that all Precast Girders
shall be erected at bearing locations and Deck slab & X-Girder shall be cast erecting necessary shuttering from
precast girder at 60 days. After 30 days casting of Deck Slab i.e. after 90 days casting of Precast Girder,
all shuttering material shall be removed and SIDL shall be laid. In such case Precast Longitudinal Girder shall be
checked for DL of Precast Girder, wt of Deck slab, wt of X-girder at 60 days. But composite girder
(precast girder+RCC deck) shall be checked for SIDL & Live load cases.
4.3.1 Loss calculation
4.3.1.1 Loss due to Elastic Shortening
Refer clause no.6.4.2.2, Annexure A-2 of IRC 112-2011 Average loss in Cable Stress = 1/2 m f c
f cm (t) = βcc(t)f cm βcc(t) = exp{S[1-(28/(t/t1)0^0.5]}
f ck = Grade of concrete = M 50
f cm (t) = mean concrete compressive strength at age 't' days
f cm = mean concrete compressive strength at age '28' days = 60 Mpa
t = Age of concrete in days = 14 days
t1 = 1 day S = 0.25
βcc(t) = 0.90 f cm (t) = 54.10 Mpa
f ck (t) = 44.10 Mpa
corresponding Ecm = 22x(f cm/12.5)^0.3 = 34.14 Gpa
Ep = 195.00 Gpa m =Modular Ratio = Ec/Ecj = 5.71
To calculate average stress fc at CG of Cables due to Prestress and
Depth of Girder = 2.000 m Assume, Elastic Shortening = 72.93 kN/Cable
2.67 %
2
Area of each Cable = 1877.20 mm Number of cables (cable 1 to 3) = 3.00 Nos
Sectional Properties of Precast Girder at Midspan = Sectional Properties of Precast Girder at Support =
2 2
Area = 0.886 m Area = 1.542 m
4 4
I= 0.417 m I= 0.534 m
CG = 1.004 m CG = 1.025 m
Sustained Stress of precast girder only at 14 days :-
SectionCable Force (kN) Cable CG Stress Dead Load Dead Load Total Stress at
After fr. & After fr., slip

slip loss & ES loss
T 0.47 -0.01 0.47
End 7417.72 7198.94 0.706 -4.82 6.05
B 9.08 0.01 9.09
T -0.68 2.59 1.91
L/8 7475.57 7256.79 0.493 1083.95 11.41
B 17.13 -2.61 14.52
T -3.85 4.34 0.49
L/4 7560.07 7341.29 0.313 1815.02 13.70
B 20.52 -4.37 16.14
T -7.25 5.39 -1.86
3L/8 7673.62 7454.84 0.125 2255.54 17.48
B 24.20 -5.44 18.77
T -7.39 5.73 -1.67
L/2 7818.42 7599.64 0.125 2396.13 17.62
B 24.67 -5.77 18.90
35 of 64
Average stress fc = (6.05+2x(11.41+13.7+17.48)+17.62)/8 = 13.60 Mpa
Average Loss of cable stress = 1/2 m fc = 38.85 Mpa
Loss of each cable due to Elastic shortening = 1/2 m fc As = 72.93 kN
-7.39 Mpa 5.73 Mpa -1.67 Mpa
> -2.26
Mpa
X X
+ = < 25.97
Mpa
Hence O.K.
24.67 Mpa -5.77 Mpa 18.90 Mpa

Precast 1st stage Stress due to Stress at 7
Girder stressing after DL of Girder days
Stress Diagram at Midspan of Precast Girder at 14 days of Casting of Girder
Permissible Compressive stress 0.48xfcm(t) = 25.97 MPa
Permissible tensile stress 0.7xftmj = 2.26 MPa
4.3.1.2 Loss due to Relaxation of Steel (clause no. 6.3.6 of IRC 112-2011)
Total Relaxation Loss at service condition = 3 x (1000 hr. value)
Initial force after Friction, slip & ES loss (7199+2x(7257+7341+7455)+7600)/8 = 7363.06 kN
Percentage of Initial force = 0.703 UTS
Relaxation Loss at 1000hr. for low relaxation steel = 2.56 % of initial force
Relaxation Loss at 1000hr. for low relaxation steel 7363.06/3x2.56/100 = 62.93 kN/Cable
Immediate Loss i.e 1 hr. of stressing as per Table 6.2 of IRC 112-2011, = 37 % of Total Loss
5 - 28 days Loss 14 days 336 = 42.00 % of Total Loss
60 - 90 days Loss 30 days = 0.00 % of Total Loss
90 - α days Loss = 200.0 % of Total Loss
i.e. 3 x (1000 hr. value)
Immediate Loss i.e 1 hr. of stressing = 23.28 kN/Cable
5 - 28 days Loss = 26.43 kN/Cable
90-α days Loss = 125.85 kN/Cable
Total = 188.78 kN/Cable
188.777 6.91 %
4.3.1.3 Computation of shrinkage strain (clause no. 6.4.2.6, IRC:112 - 2011)

Total shrinkage strain, εcs = εcd + εc a
Where, εcd is drying shrinkage strain and εca is autogenous shrinkage strain
Maximum Autogenous shrinkage strain εca = 0.00008 (refer table 6.6 of IRC:112 - 2011)
The development of autogenous shrinkage with time εc a(t) = βas(t) x εc a
Where, βas(t) = 1-esp{-0.2sqrt(t)} where t is in days.
The development of dying shrinkage strain in time εcd(t) = βds(t,ts) * kh x εcd
Where, βds(t,ts) = (t-ts)/[(t-ts)+0.04sqrt(ho^3) End of curing of concrete t s = 14.00 day
kh is a coefficient depending on notional size ho
Precast Girder only
C/S area of girder at span A c = 0.886 m2 Perimeter in contact with air u = 6.519 m
Nominal size of precast member h 0=2Ac/u
= 271.90 mm
Composite Girder
C/S area of comp. girder at span A c
= 1.674 m2 Perimeter in contact with air u = 11.969 m
Nominal size of member h0=2Ac/u = 279.68 mm
The drying shrinkage strain ε cd,0 =0.85*((220+110*αds1)*EXP(-αds2*fcm/fcm,o))*βRH/10^6 = 0.0003
Coefficient αds1 (normal cement) = 4.0 Coefficient α ds2 (normal cement) = 0.12
The coefficient β RH = 1.55 x [1-RH/Rho]^3 = 1.02 fcmo = 12.50
Relative humidity of enviroment RH = 70.0 % RHo = 100 %
36 of 64
These are expected mean values, with a coefficient of variation of about 30 percent.
Loss of Prestress due to creep, shrinkage and relaxation as per Euro code
∆Pc+s+r = AP + ∆σPc+s+r = Ap * (εcs*EP+0.8*∆Pr+EP/Ecm*φ(t,to)*σcQP)
1+EP/Ecm*AP/Ac*(1+Ac/Ic*Zcp^2)*(1+0.8*φ(t,to))
Development of shrinkage of concrete
Autogenous Nominal size of Drying
Shrinkage Loss due to
Days shrinkage member h0 shrinkage kh
strain shrinkage
factor β as(t) (mm) factor β as(t)
14 0.000 0 0.000 0.000 0.000000 0.00
28 0.653 272 0.072 0.778 0.000072 25.37
60 0.788 280 0.204 0.770 0.000125 18.28
90 0.850 280 0.298 0.770 0.000159 12.16
36500 1.000 280 0.995 0.770 0.000395 82.44
Total 138.245 5.06 %
4.3.1.4 Computation of creep coefficients (clause no. 6.4.2.7, IRC:112 - 2011)

The creep coefficient φ(t,to) = φo x βc(t,to) as per A2-14of IRC:112 - 2011
Where, φo = φRH x β(fcm) x β(to)
φRH = 1+(1-RH/100)/{0.1*(ho)^1/3} for fcm <= 45MPa
φRH = [1+(1-RH/100)/{0.1*(ho)^1/3} x α1] x α2 for fcm > 45MPa
The coefficient α 1 =(43.75/fcm)^0.7 = 0.80
The coefficient β(fcm) = 18.78/sqrt(fcm) = 2.42
The coefficient β (t0) = 1/(0.1+to^0.2) = 0.56
Where, age of concrete at first loading t 0 = 14 day
βc(t,to) =[(t-to)/(βH +t-to)]^0.3
βH = = 1.5 x [1+(0.012RH)^18] x ho + 250 <= 1500 for fcm <= 35MPa
= 1.5 x [1+(0.012RH)^18] x ho + 250α3 <= 1500α3 for fcm <= 35MPa
For temperature greater than 40oC theby 10% in absence of accurate data coefficient may be increased by 10%
in absence of accurate data. This is valid for concrete using normal cement.
Development of creep
Loss due to
Creep
Days h0 (mm) φRH φo βH β c(t,to) creep of
coeff. φo concrete
14 0 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.00
28 272 1.29 1.738 639.02 0.316 0.604 84.20
60 280 1.28 1.734 651.19 0.442 0.844 35.55
90 280 1.28 1.734 651.19 0.508 0.969 13.68
36500 280 1.28 1.734 651.19 0.995 1.897 100.87
Total 234.30 8.57 %
37 of 64
4.3.2 Sustained Stress of precast girder at 28 days after stressing of cable
Losses:- Shrinkage = 25.37 kN/Cable
Relaxation = 49.71 kN/Cable
Creep = 84.20 kN/Cable
Total Loss for 3 Cables = 477.84 kN
f ck for 28 days strength = M 50 Modulus of elasticity E 35220 MPa
m =Modular Ratio = Ecm/Ecj = 5.54
Stressing of cable no. 4
Elastic Shortening = 9.35 kN/Cable Nomber of cables 0.526 Nos
Relaxation = 23.28 kN/Cable Depth of Girder 2m
2 2
Area = 0.886 m Area = 1.542 m
4 4
I= 0.417 m I= 0.534 m
CG = 1.004 m CG = 1.025 m
Stress at loss bet. 5 Cable CG Stress dueCable Force (kN) Cable CG Stress Total Stress at
Section
slip loss & ES loss
T 0.47 -0.03 1.83 2.26
End -505.90 0.706 1311.55 1294.38 1.444 6.14
B 9.09 -0.64 -0.20 8.25
T 1.91 0.05 1.86 3.82
L/8 -505.90 0.493 1321.62 1304.45 1.128 11.80
B 14.52 -1.19 1.08 14.40
T 0.49 0.27 0.88 1.63
L/4 -505.90 0.313 1331.70 1314.52 0.812 14.45
B 16.14 -1.41 2.09 16.82
T -1.86 0.49 -0.11 -1.48
3L/8 -505.90 0.125 1341.77 1324.60 0.497 18.88
B 18.77 -1.64 3.11 20.24
T -1.67 0.49 -0.74 -1.91
L/2 -505.90 0.125 1376.41 1359.24 0.305 19.64
B 18.90 -1.64 3.82 21.08
Average stress σs at CG of cables for 28 days = (6.14+2x(11.8+14.45+18.88)+19.64)/8 = 14.50 Mpa
Loss of cable stress = m (fc-fc') = 4.98 Mpa
Loss of each cable due to Elastic shortening = m fc As = 9.35 kN
-1.67 Mpa 0.49 Mpa -0.74 Mpa -1.48 Mpa

> -2.46
Mpa
+ + =
< 25.00
Mpa
18.90 Mpa -1.64 Mpa 3.82 Mpa 21.08 Mpa Hence O.K.
Stress at 5 loss between to stressing Stress at 28
Permissible Compressive stress 0.5xfcm = 25.00 MPa

38 of 64
4.3.3. Sustained Stress of precast girder at 60 days after Casting of Deck with X-Girder
Losses for first 3 cables:- Losses for last 1.474 cable:-
Shrinkage = 18.28 kN/Cable Shrinkage = 18.28 kN/Cable
Relaxation = 13.21 kN/Cable Relaxation = 39.64 kN/Cable
Creep = 35.55 kN/Cable Creep = 35.55 kN/Cable
Total = 67.04 kN/Cable Total = 93.47 kN/Cable
actual time dependent losses = 67.04 kN/Cable actual time dependent losses = 93.47 kN/Cable
Total Loss of 4 Cables = 250.31 kN Actual Loss of third Cables = 49.19 kN
Depth of Precast Girder = 2.000 m
2 2
Area = 0.886 m Area = 1.542 m
4 4
I= 0.417 m I= 0.534 m
CG = 1.004 m CG = 1.025 m
Stress at loss bet. Cable CG Stress due Moment Stress Total Stress at
Section 28 days 28 - 60 from soffit to loss Total Stress due to slab due to slab Stress cable CG
(kN/m2) days (kN) (m) (Mpa) (kN/m )
2
(kN-m) (Mpa) (Mpa) (Mpa)
Top of girder 2.26 -0.07 2.19 -0.02 2.18
End -250.31 0.817 -9.19 5.62
Bottom 8.25 -0.26 7.99 0.02 8.00
Top of girder 3.82 -0.03 3.78 2.59 6.38
L/8 -250.31 0.588 1085.55 9.82
Bottom 14.40 -0.53 13.87 -2.62 11.26
Top of girder 1.63 0.09 1.72 4.48 6.20
L/4 -250.31 0.387 1875.86 10.59
Bottom 16.82 -0.65 16.17 -4.52 11.65
Top of girder -1.48 0.21 -1.27 5.64 4.38
3L/8 -250.31 0.180 2361.74 12.92
Bottom 20.24 -0.78 19.46 -5.69 13.77
Top of girder -1.91 0.23 -1.68 6.08 4.39
L/2 -250.31 0.152 2543.18 13.41
Bottom 21.08 -0.80 20.29 -6.13 14.16
-1.91 Mpa 0.23 Mpa 6.08 Mpa 4.39 Mpa
> -2.46
Mpa
+ + =
< 25.00
Mpa
21.08 Mpa -0.80 Mpa -6.13 Mpa 14.16 Mpa Hence O.K.
Stress at loss between to DL of Slab Stress at 60
39 of 64
4.3.4 Sustained stress of composite girder at 90 days
After 30 days casting of Deck Slab i.e.after 90 days casting of Precast Girder, Shuttering to be removed and
Apply of SIDL shall be done.
fck for precast girder at 90 days of Concrete I.e. 100% of fc = 50 Mpa
Ecj = 35.2 Gpa Es = 195 Gpa
m =Modular Ratio = Ec/Ecj = 5.54
2
Area of each Cable = 1877.20 mm
Depth of Composite Girder = 2.225 m
Thickness of deck slab = 225 mm
Sectional Properties of Composite Girder at Midspan = Sectional Properties of Composite Girder at Support =
2 2
Area = 1.584 m Area = 2.239 m
4 4
I= 0.899 m I= 1.105 m
CG = 1.492 m CG = 1.364 m
Total Loss = 91.12 kN/Cable
actual time dependent losses = 91.12 kN
Total Stress
Stress due Loss of CG of Cables Stress due Moment due due to Total Stress at
Section Cables to loss SIDL Stress cable CG
at 60 days from soffit to SIDL
(Mpa) (kN) (m) (Mpa) (kN-m) (Mpa) (Mpa) (Mpa)
Top of slab 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -0.01
Top of girder 2.18 -0.01 -7.43 0.00 2.16
End -91.12 0.817 5.56
Bottom 8.00 -0.10 0.01 7.91
Top of slab 0.00 0.01 -0.02 -0.01
Top of girder 6.38 -0.01 -25.87 -0.01 6.35
L/8 -91.12 0.588 9.71
Bottom 11.26 -0.19 0.04 11.10
Top of slab 0.00 0.02 -0.03 -0.01
Top of girder 6.20 0.00 -41.02 -0.02 6.18
L/4 -91.12 0.387 10.46
Bottom 11.65 -0.22 0.07 11.49
Top of slab 0.00 0.04 -0.04 0.00
Top of girder 4.38 0.01 -45.87 -0.03 4.36
3L/8 -91.12 0.180 12.76
Bottom 13.77 -0.26 0.08 13.59
Top of slab 0.00 0.04 -1.12 -1.07
Top of girder 4.39 0.01 -1368.69 -0.77 3.63
L/2 -91.12 0.152 15.22
Bottom 14.16 -0.26 2.27 16.17
Average stress at 90 days = (5.56+2x(9.71+10.46+12.76)+15.22)/8 = 10.83 Mpa
0.00 Mpa 0.04 -1.12 Mpa -1.07 Mpa
4.39 0.01 Mpa -0.77 3.63 Mpa
Mpa Mpa
+ + =
14.16 -0.26 Mpa 2.27 Mpa 16.17 Mpa

Loss of
Resultant Cables Resultant
Stress at between 60 Stress due to SIDL Stress at 90
60 days to 90 days days
Stress Diagram at Midspan of Composite Girder at 90 days
40 of 64
4.3.5 Sustained Stress of composite girder at α days :-
Total Stress
Total Stress Loss bet. CG of Cables Stress due at α days Stress at
Section at 90 days 90 days-α from soffit to loss without live cable CG
(Mpa) days (kN) (m) (Mpa) load (Mpa) (Mpa)
Top of slab -0.01 -0.02 -0.03
Top of girder 2.16 -0.14 2.02
End -1090.17 0.817 4.78
Bottom 7.91 -1.22 6.69
Top of slab -0.01 0.11 0.10
Top of girder 6.35 -0.13 6.22
L/8 -1090.17 0.588 8.03
Bottom 11.10 -2.32 8.78
Top of slab -0.01 0.29 0.28
Top of girder 6.18 -0.01 6.17
L/4 -1090.17 0.387 8.29
Bottom 11.49 -2.69 8.80
Top of slab 0.00 0.48 0.48
Top of girder 4.36 0.12 4.48
3L/8 -1090.17 0.180 9.98
Bottom 13.59 -3.06 10.53
Top of slab -1.07 0.50 -0.57
Top of girder 3.63 0.14 3.77
L/2 -1090.17 0.152 12.35
Bottom 16.17 -3.11 13.05
Average stress at α days = (4.78+2x(8.03+8.29+9.98)+12.35)/8 = 8.72 Mpa
-1.07 Mpa 0.50 -0.57 Mpa
3.63 Mpa 0.14 Mpa 3.77 Mpa < 18 Mpa
Mpa Hence O.K.
+ =
16.17 Mpa -3.11 Mpa 13.05 Mpa > -1.64 Mpa

Hence O.K.
Resultant Loss of Resultant
Stress at Cables inbet. Stress at α
90 days 90 to α days days
Stress Diagram at Midspan of Composite Girder with SIDL without Live Load at α days
41 of 64
4.3.6 Stress of composite girder due to live load
Total Live Total Stress
Total Stress Load Moment Stress due Stress due to at α days
Section
without live incl snow 0.6 x Wind to Live Load wind Load with live load
load (Mpa) load(kN-m) load (kN-m) (Mpa) (Mpa) (Mpa)
Top of slab -0.03 0.32 0.00 0.29
Top of girder 2.02 409.40 0.46 0.24 0.00 2.25
End
Bottom 6.69 -0.51 0.00 6.18
Top of slab 0.10 1.23 0.07 1.40
Top of girder 6.22 1508.14 86.07 0.85 0.05 7.12
L/8
Bottom 8.78 -2.50 -0.14 6.13
Top of slab 0.28 2.14 0.12 2.55
Top of girder 6.17 2629.25 145.43 1.48 0.08 7.74
L/4
Bottom 8.80 -4.36 -0.24 4.20
Top of slab 0.48 2.50 0.14 3.12
Top of girder 4.48 3064.62 171.98 1.73 0.10 6.31
3L/8
Bottom 10.53 -5.09 -0.29 5.16
Top of slab -0.57 2.57 0.15 2.15
Top of girder 3.77 3149.26 183.59 1.78 0.10 5.65
L/2
Bottom 13.05 -5.23 -0.30 7.52
-0.57 Mpa 2.57 Mpa 2.15 Mpa

3.77 Mpa 1.78 5.65 Mpa < 18.00 Mpa
Mpa Hence O.K.
+ =
13.05 Mpa -5.23 Mpa 7.52 Mpa > -1.64 Mpa

Resultant Resultant
Stress at Stress due to
Stress at α
Live Load Hence O.K.
α days days
Stress Diagram at Midspan of Composite Girder with SIDL & Live Load at α days
Permissible compressive stress in concrete at service = 0.36 x fck = 18.00 Mpa > 5.7 Mpa
Permissible Tensile stress in concrete at service = -1.64 Mpa < 0.3 Mpa Hence O.K.
4.3.7 Summary of Stresses for Precast girder only

Sectional Properties of Precast Girder
Precast Girder Midspan Support Composite Girder Midspan Support
Area = 0.886 1.542 m2 Area = 1.584 2.239 m
2
I= 0.417 0.534 m4 I= 0.899 1.105 m4

CG = 1.004 1.025 m CG = 1.492 1.364 m
Z Top of slab = 1.227 1.283 m3
Z Top = 0.418 0.548 m 3 Z Top = 1.771 1.737 m
3
Zbottom = 0.415 0.521 m3 Zbottom = 0.603 0.811 m3
42 of 64
Section
DL of girder+ deck slab Prestressing force & Loss SIDL
Loss of
Moment Stress Prestress CG of cables Loss of pre. Stress Moment Stress
comp. girder
(kN-m) (Mpa) (kN) (m) Girder (kN) (Mpa) (kN-m) (Mpa)
(kN)
Top of slab -0.03 0.07
Top of girder -0.04 1.95 0.05
End -24.56 8729.27 0.817 -741.85 -1480.80 84.10
Bottom 0.05 6.71 -0.10
Top of slab 0.16 0.25
Top of girder 5.95 0.90 0.17
L/8 2488.23 8797.19 0.588 -741.85 -1480.80 306.60
Bottom -6.00 14.00 -0.51
Top of girder 9.98 -2.83 0.29
L/4 4175.23 8891.77 0.387 -741.85 -1480.80 520.30
Bottom -10.06 17.66 -0.86
Top of girder 12.14 -6.79 0.35
3L/8 5079.17 9015.39 0.180 -741.85 -1480.80 617.50
Bottom -12.24 21.60 -1.02
Top of slab 0.68 -0.54
Top of girder 12.88 -7.49 -0.37
L/2 5389.62 9194.83 0.152 -741.85 -1480.80 -661.31
Bottom -12.99 22.67 1.10
Section Live load Wind load - loaded structure Temp (+ve) Temp (-ve)
Moment Stress Moment (kN- Stress Stress Stress
(kN-m) (Mpa) m) (Mpa) (Mpa) (Mpa)
Top of slab 0.32 0.00 4.45 -2.55
Top of girder 0.24 0.00 -1.27 1.03
End 409.40 0.46
Bottom -0.51 0.00 2.02 -2.72
Top of slab 1.23 0.07 4.45 -2.55
Top of girder 0.85 0.05 -1.27 1.03
L/8 1508.14 86.07
Bottom -2.50 -0.14 2.02 -2.72
Top of slab 2.14 0.12 4.45 -2.55
Top of girder 1.48 0.08 -1.27 1.03
L/4 2629.25 145.43
Bottom -4.36 -0.24 2.02 -2.72
Top of slab 2.50 0.14 4.45 -2.55
Top of girder 1.73 0.10 -1.27 1.03
3L/8 3064.62 171.98
Bottom -5.09 -0.29 2.02 -2.72
Top of slab 2.57 0.15 4.45 -2.55
Top of girder 1.78 0.10 -1.27 1.03
L/2 3149.26 183.59
Bottom -5.23 -0.30 2.02 -2.72
43 of 64
a) Load combination
Load
1 (a) 1 (b) 2 (a) 2 (b) 3 (a) 3 (b) 4 (a) 4 (b) 5 (a)
Case
DL 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
SIDL 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2
Prestress 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
Live load 1 1 0.75 0.75 1
Wind load
0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 1 1
Temp
(+ve) 0.6
Temp (-
ve)
Load
5 (b) 5 (c) 5 (d) 6 (a) 6 (b) 6 (c) 6 (d)
Case
DL 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
SIDL 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1
Prestress 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
Live load 1 1 1 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75
Wind load
Temp
(+ve) 0.6 1 1
Temp (-
ve) 0.6 0.6 1 1
Load
7 (a) 7 (b) 8 (a) 8 (b) 9 (a) 9 (b) 10 (a) 10 (b) 11 (a)
Case
DL 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
SIDL 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2
Prestress 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
Live load 1 1 0.75 0.75 1
Wind load
0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 1 1
Temp
(+ve) 0.6
Temp (-
ve)
Load
11 (b) 11 (c) 11 (d) 12 (a) 12 (b) 12 (c) 12 (d)
Case
DL 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
SIDL 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1
Prestress 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
Live load 1 1 1 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75
Wind load
Temp
(+ve) 0.6 1 1
Temp (-
ve) 0.6 0.6 1 1
44 of 64
b) Stresses of girder at different load casees
Section 1 (a) 1 (b) 2 (a) 2 (b) 3 (a) 3 (b) 4 (a) 4 (b) 5 (a)
Top of slab 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.37 0.36 0.29 0.28 3.04
Top of girder 1.77 1.76 1.77 1.76 2.00 1.99 1.94 1.93 1.24
End
Bottom 5.96 5.98 5.96 5.98 5.46 5.48 5.58 5.60 6.67
Top of slab 0.44 0.39 0.48 0.43 1.71 1.66 1.43 1.38 4.34
Top of girder 6.97 6.93 7.00 6.96 7.85 7.82 7.66 7.62 7.06
L/8
Bottom 6.00 6.10 5.91 6.01 3.41 3.51 3.98 4.08 4.71
Top of slab 0.87 0.78 0.94 0.85 3.08 3.00 2.59 2.51 5.68
Top of girder 7.79 7.73 7.84 7.78 9.32 9.26 8.98 8.92 8.51
L/4
Bottom 4.79 4.97 4.65 4.82 0.29 0.46 1.28 1.45 1.64
Top of slab 1.19 1.09 1.27 1.17 3.77 3.67 3.20 3.10 6.36
Top of girder 6.45 6.38 6.50 6.43 8.23 8.16 7.84 7.77 7.41
3L/8
Bottom 5.97 6.18 5.80 6.00 0.71 0.92 1.87 2.08 2.10
Top of slab -0.03 0.08 0.06 0.17 2.62 2.73 2.04 2.15 5.20
Top of girder 5.69 5.76 5.75 5.83 7.53 7.61 7.13 7.20 6.70
L/2
Bottom 8.73 8.51 8.55 8.33 3.32 3.10 4.51 4.29 4.72
Section 5 (b) 5 (c ) 5 (d) 6 (a) 6 (b) 6 (c) 6 (c) Max comp. Max Tension
Top of slab 3.03 -1.16 -1.17 4.74 4.73 -2.26 -2.27 4.74 -2.27
Top of girder 1.23 2.62 2.61 0.67 0.66 2.97 2.96 2.97 0.66
End
Bottom 6.69 3.83 3.85 7.61 7.63 2.87 2.89 7.63 2.87
Top of slab 4.29 0.14 0.09 5.81 5.76 -1.18 -1.23 5.81 -1.23
Top of girder 7.02 8.44 8.40 6.33 6.30 8.64 8.60 8.64 6.30
L/8
Bottom 4.81 1.86 1.97 6.14 6.24 1.40 1.50 6.24 1.40
Top of slab 5.60 1.48 1.40 6.93 6.84 -0.07 -0.16 6.93 -0.16
Top of girder 8.45 9.89 9.83 7.63 7.57 9.93 9.87 9.93 7.57
L/4
Bottom 1.82 -1.20 -1.03 3.54 3.72 -1.20 -1.02 4.97 -1.20
Top of slab 6.25 2.16 2.06 7.51 7.41 0.51 0.41 7.51 0.41
Top of girder 7.34 8.79 8.73 6.47 6.40 8.77 8.71 8.79 6.38
3L/8
Bottom 2.30 -0.75 -0.54 4.18 4.38 -0.56 -0.36 6.18 -0.75
Top of slab 5.31 1.01 1.11 6.34 6.45 -0.65 -0.55 6.45 -0.65
Top of girder 6.78 8.09 8.16 5.75 5.83 8.05 8.13 8.16 5.69
L/2
Bottom 4.50 1.87 1.65 6.83 6.61 2.09 1.87 8.73 1.65
Top of slab 0.05 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.36 0.35 0.29 0.27 3.04
Top of girder 2.16 2.15 2.16 2.15 2.39 2.38 2.33 2.32 1.63
End
Bottom 7.31 7.33 7.31 7.33 6.80 6.82 6.93 6.95 8.01
Top of slab 0.47 0.42 0.51 0.46 1.74 1.69 1.46 1.41 4.37
Top of girder 7.15 7.12 7.18 7.14 8.03 8.00 7.84 7.80 7.24
L/8
Bottom 8.80 8.90 8.71 8.81 6.21 6.31 6.78 6.88 7.51
Top of slab 0.95 0.86 1.02 0.93 3.16 3.08 2.67 2.59 5.76
Top of girder 7.22 7.16 7.27 7.21 8.76 8.70 8.42 8.36 7.94
L/4
Bottom 8.32 8.50 8.18 8.35 3.82 3.99 4.81 4.98 5.17
Top of slab 1.32 1.22 1.40 1.30 3.90 3.80 3.33 3.23 6.48
Top of girder 5.09 5.02 5.15 5.08 6.88 6.81 6.48 6.41 6.05
3L/8
Bottom 10.29 10.50 10.12 10.32 5.03 5.24 6.19 6.40 6.42
45 of 64
Top of slab 0.10 0.21 0.19 0.30 2.76 2.87 2.18 2.29 5.34
Top of girder 4.19 4.27 4.25 4.33 6.03 6.11 5.63 5.70 5.21
L/2
Bottom 13.26 13.04 13.08 12.86 7.85 7.63 9.04 8.82 9.25
Section 11 (b) 11 (c) 11 (d) 12 (a) 12 (b) 12 (c) 12 (d) Max comp. Max Tension
Top of slab 3.02 -1.16 -1.18 4.74 4.72 -2.26 -2.27 4.74 -2.27
Top of girder 1.62 3.01 3.00 1.06 1.05 3.36 3.35 3.36 1.05
End
Bottom 8.03 5.17 5.19 8.95 8.97 4.21 4.23 8.97 4.21
Top of slab 4.32 0.17 0.12 5.84 5.79 -1.15 -1.20 5.84 -1.20
Top of girder 7.20 8.62 8.59 6.52 6.48 8.82 8.79 8.82 6.48
L/8
Bottom 7.61 4.66 4.77 8.94 9.04 4.20 4.31 9.04 4.20
Top of slab 5.68 1.56 1.48 7.00 6.92 0.01 -0.08 7.00 -0.08
Top of girder 7.88 9.33 9.27 7.06 7.00 9.37 9.31 9.37 7.00
L/4
Bottom 5.35 2.33 2.50 7.07 7.25 2.33 2.51 8.50 2.33
Top of slab 6.38 2.29 2.19 7.64 7.54 0.64 0.54 7.64 0.54
Top of girder 5.98 7.44 7.37 5.11 5.04 7.42 7.35 7.44 5.02
3L/8
Bottom 6.62 3.57 3.78 8.50 8.70 3.76 3.96 10.50 3.57
Top of slab 5.45 1.14 1.25 6.48 6.59 -0.52 -0.41 6.59 -0.52
Top of girder 5.28 6.59 6.66 4.25 4.33 6.56 6.63 6.66 4.19
L/2
Bottom 9.03 6.41 6.19 11.37 11.15 6.63 6.41 13.26 6.19
Permissible Tensile stress in concrete at service = -2.46 Mpa < -1.20 Mpa Hence O.K.
Stress with/without Live load at top of deck slab near support section only exceeds the permissible tensile stress i.e. 2.29Mpa.
Necessary reinforcement shall be provided to resist the tensile stress of deck slab.
Maximum tensile force = -691.81 kN Permissible working stress = 240.00 MPa
2
Area of reinforcement required = 2506.5 mm2 Ast provided= 5589.42 mm
Hence Provide 12 T @ 120 c/c +10 T @ 120 c/c at top
46 of 64
4.3.9 Load Combination for frequent Combination (SL2) - for prestressing member
a) Load combination
Load
1 (a) 1 (b) 2 (a) 2 (b) 3 (a) 3 (b) 4 (a) 4 (b) 5 (a)
Case
DL 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
SIDL 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2
Prestress 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
Live load 0.75 0.75 0.2 0.2 0.75
Wind load
0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6
Temp
(+ve) 0.5
Temp (-
ve)
Load
5 (b) 5 (c) 5 (d) 6 (a) 6 (b) 6 (c) 6 (d)
Case
DL 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
SIDL 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1
Prestress 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
Live load 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
Wind load
Temp
(+ve) 0.5 0.6 0.6
Temp (-
ve) 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6
Load
7 (a) 7 (b) 8 (a) 8 (b) 9 (a) 9 (b) 10 (a) 10 (b) 11 (a)
Case
DL 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
SIDL 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2
Prestress 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
Live load 0.75 0.75 0.2 0.2 0.75
Wind load
0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6
Temp
(+ve) 0.5
Temp (-
ve)
Load
11 (b) 11 (c) 11 (d) 12 (a) 12 (b) 12 (c) 12 (d)
Case
DL 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
SIDL 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1
Prestress 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
Live load 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
Wind load
Temp
(+ve) 0.5 0.6 0.6
Temp (-
ve) 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6
47 of 64
Top of slab 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.29 0.28 0.12 0.10 2.52
Top of girder 1.77 1.76 1.77 1.76 1.94 1.93 1.81 1.80 1.31
End
Bottom 5.96 5.98 5.96 5.98 5.58 5.60 5.86 5.88 6.60
Top of slab 0.44 0.39 0.48 0.43 1.40 1.35 0.73 0.68 3.59
Top of girder 6.97 6.93 7.00 6.96 7.63 7.60 7.17 7.13 6.97
L/8
Bottom 6.00 6.10 5.91 6.01 4.05 4.15 5.41 5.51 5.13
Top of slab 0.87 0.78 0.94 0.85 2.53 2.45 1.37 1.28 4.70
Top of girder 7.79 7.73 7.84 7.78 8.94 8.88 8.13 8.07 8.26
L/4
Bottom 4.79 4.97 4.65 4.82 1.40 1.57 3.78 3.95 2.53
Top of slab 1.19 1.09 1.27 1.17 3.13 3.03 1.77 1.67 5.29
Top of girder 6.45 6.38 6.50 6.43 7.79 7.72 6.85 6.78 7.11
3L/8
Bottom 5.97 6.18 5.80 6.00 2.01 2.22 4.78 4.99 3.17
Top of slab -0.03 0.08 0.06 0.17 1.97 2.07 0.57 0.68 4.12
Top of girder 5.69 5.76 5.75 5.83 7.08 7.15 6.11 6.18 6.39
L/2
Bottom 8.73 8.51 8.55 8.33 4.66 4.44 7.50 7.28 5.82
Top of slab 2.50 -0.98 -1.00 2.79 2.77 -1.41 -1.43 2.79 -1.43
Top of girder 1.30 2.46 2.45 1.05 1.04 2.43 2.42 2.46 1.04
End
Bottom 6.62 4.23 4.25 7.08 7.10 4.23 4.25 7.10 4.23
Top of slab 3.54 0.09 0.04 3.36 3.31 -0.84 -0.89 3.59 -0.89
Top of girder 6.94 8.12 8.09 6.38 6.34 7.76 7.72 8.12 6.34
L/8
Bottom 5.23 2.76 2.86 6.71 6.81 3.87 3.97 6.81 2.76
Top of slab 4.61 1.20 1.12 3.97 3.88 -0.23 -0.32 4.70 -0.32
Top of girder 8.21 9.42 9.36 7.32 7.26 8.70 8.64 9.42 7.26
L/4
Bottom 2.70 0.16 0.33 5.13 5.31 2.29 2.46 5.31 0.16
Top of slab 5.19 1.79 1.69 4.36 4.26 0.16 0.06 5.29 0.06
Top of girder 7.04 8.26 8.19 6.03 5.96 7.41 7.34 8.26 5.96
3L/8
Bottom 3.37 0.80 1.00 6.17 6.37 3.32 3.53 6.37 0.80
Top of slab 4.23 0.62 0.73 3.15 3.26 -1.05 -0.94 4.23 -1.05
Top of girder 6.46 7.54 7.61 5.28 5.36 6.66 6.74 7.61 5.28
L/2
Bottom 5.60 3.45 3.23 8.90 8.68 6.05 5.83 8.90 3.23
Top of slab 0.05 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.29 0.27 0.11 0.10 2.51
Top of girder 2.16 2.15 2.16 2.15 2.33 2.32 2.20 2.19 1.70
End
Bottom 7.31 7.33 7.31 7.33 6.93 6.95 7.20 7.22 7.94
Top of slab 0.47 0.42 0.51 0.46 1.43 1.38 0.76 0.71 3.62
Top of girder 7.15 7.12 7.18 7.14 7.81 7.78 7.35 7.31 7.15
L/8
Bottom 8.80 8.90 8.71 8.81 6.85 6.95 8.21 8.31 7.93
Top of slab 0.95 0.86 1.02 0.93 2.61 2.53 1.45 1.36 4.78
Top of girder 7.22 7.16 7.27 7.21 8.38 8.32 7.57 7.51 7.70
L/4
Bottom 8.32 8.50 8.18 8.35 4.93 5.10 7.31 7.48 6.06
Top of slab 1.32 1.22 1.40 1.30 3.26 3.16 1.90 1.80 5.42
Top of girder 5.09 5.02 5.15 5.08 6.43 6.36 5.49 5.42 5.75
3L/8
Bottom 10.29 10.50 10.12 10.32 6.33 6.54 9.10 9.31 7.49
Top of slab 0.10 0.21 0.19 0.30 2.10 2.21 0.71 0.81 4.25
Top of girder 4.19 4.27 4.25 4.33 5.58 5.65 4.61 4.68 4.89
L/2
Bottom 13.26 13.04 13.08 12.86 9.19 8.97 12.04 11.82 10.35
48 of 64
Top of slab 2.50 -0.99 -1.00 2.78 2.77 -1.42 -1.43 2.78 -1.43
Top of girder 1.69 2.85 2.84 1.44 1.43 2.82 2.81 2.85 1.43
End
Bottom 7.96 5.57 5.59 8.42 8.44 5.57 5.59 8.44 5.57
Top of slab 3.57 0.12 0.07 3.39 3.34 -0.81 -0.86 3.62 -0.86
Top of girder 7.12 8.30 8.27 6.56 6.52 7.94 7.90 8.30 6.52
L/8
Bottom 8.03 5.56 5.66 9.51 9.61 6.67 6.77 9.61 5.56
Top of slab 4.69 1.28 1.20 4.05 3.96 -0.15 -0.24 4.78 -0.24
Top of girder 7.64 8.85 8.79 6.75 6.70 8.14 8.08 8.85 6.70
L/4
Bottom 6.24 3.69 3.87 8.67 8.84 5.82 5.99 8.84 3.69
Top of slab 5.31 1.92 1.82 4.49 4.39 0.29 0.19 5.42 0.19
Top of girder 5.68 6.90 6.83 4.67 4.60 6.05 5.98 6.90 4.60
3L/8
Bottom 7.69 5.12 5.32 10.49 10.69 7.64 7.85 10.69 5.12
Top of slab 4.36 0.76 0.86 3.29 3.40 -0.91 -0.80 4.36 -0.91
Top of girder 4.96 6.04 6.12 3.78 3.86 5.17 5.24 6.12 3.78
L/2
Bottom 10.13 7.98 7.77 13.43 13.21 10.59 10.37 13.43 7.77
Permissible Tensile stress in concrete at service = 0.00 Mpa < 0.16 Mpa Hence O.K.
4.4 Check for ultimate strength of girder in Flexure :-

Grade of concrete = M50 Modulus of elasticity of concrete E = 35220 MPa
Design yield strength fpd = 22.33 MPa Modulus of elasticity of steel = 195.00 Gpa
3100 0.00350 22.33
225 9310 kN
166.85
NA NA
2225 300
152 250 0.0400 9310 kN

Strain Diagram Stress Diagram
750
Top width of girder = 3100 mm Thickness of compression flange = 225 mm
Width of web = 300 mm Distance of prestress CG from bottom = 152 mm
Depth of girder = 2225 mm
Balanced neutral axis depth = 1387 mm Actual neutral axis depth 166.85 mm
Total strain at the prestress CG = 0.03999 The Section is under reinforced
Total ultimate compressive force = 9310 kN Total ultimate tensile force = 9310 kN
Compressive force CG 69.41 mm Moment of resistance = 18654 kNm
> 11118 kNm Hence O.K.
At support Near L/8 Near L/4 Near 3L/8 At L/2
Ultimate moment 61 6287 10709 12792 11118
Horizontal prestress after all losses (kN) 6486 6554 6648 6772 6952
Pre-strain in the cables after all losses 0.00502 0.00508 0.00515 0.00525 0.00539
Distance of prestress CG from bottom (mm) 817 588 387 180 152
Total width of web (mm) 750 300 300 300 300
Assumed neutral axis from top (mm) 167 167 167 167 167
Total strain at the prestress CG 0.0311 0.0359 0.0402 0.0446 0.0454
Average prestress at failure (MPa) 1406 1406 1406 1406 1406
Total compressive force by concrete (kN) 9310 9310 9310 9310 9310
Total tensile force by prestressing steel (kN) 9310 9310 9310 9310 9310
Difference in forces 0 0 0 0 0
Moment of resistance (kNm) 12460 14585 16455 18383 18648
Effective lever arm between forces (m) 1.338 1.567 1.767 1.975 2.003
Factor of Safety associated with failure 205.28 2.32 1.54 1.44 1.68
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4.5 Design of Shear
Total loss after friction & Slip Loss
Description 1st stage stressing % Loss 2nd stage stressing % Loss
At 5 days
Elastic shortening 72.93 kN 2.7 %
Relaxation 23.28 kN 0.9 %
At 28 days
Elastic shortening 9.35 kN 0.3 % 9.35 kN 0.3 %
Shrinkage 25.37 kN 0.9 %
Relaxation 49.71 kN 1.8 % 23.28 kN 0.9 %
Creep 84.20 kN 3.1 %
At 60 days
Shrinkage 18.28 kN 0.7 % 18.28 kN 0.7 %
Relaxation 13.21 kN 0.5 % 39.64 kN 1.5 %
Creep 35.55 kN 1.3 % 35.55 kN 1.3 %
At 90 days
Shrinkage 12.16 kN 0.4 % 12.16 kN 0.4 %
Relaxation 0.00 kN 0.0 % 0.00 kN 0.0 %
Creep 13.68 kN 0.5 % 13.68 kN 0.5 %
At α days
Shrinkage 82.44 kN 3.0 % 82.44 kN 3.0 %
Relaxation 125.85 kN 4.6 % 125.85 kN 4.6 %
Creep 100.86 kN 3.7 % 100.86 kN 3.7 %
Total 666.87 kN/cable 24.4 % 461.09 kN 16.9 %
Total loss 2243.30 kN
Vertical Component of Cable Force (kN)

Cable No 0.350 3.913 7.475 11.038 14.600
Cable 1 2467.39 2486.76 2521.35 2562.79 2601.26
Vert. angle 2.48 2.48 2.48 0.00 0.00
Cable 2 2462.41 2481.78 2519.28 2561.81 2595.36
Vert. angle 3.54 3.54 3.54 0.00 0.00
Cable 3 1316.69 1326.81 1336.92 1347.03 1376.41
Vert. angle 5.07 5.07 5.07 5.07 0.00
Total Ver.
Comp. of
cable 1 to 246.06 248.99 253.69 60.05 0.00
3
Ultimate Shear at Sections :-

Ultimate Shear 1937 1488 846 598 232
Moment 61 6287 10709 12792 11118
4.5.1 Section not requiring design shear reinforcement

i) Shear Capacity of Cracked Section as per clause 10.3.2(2) of IRC 112-2010
VRD.C = [0.12*K(80*ρ1*fck)^0.33+0.15σcp]*bw*d Subject to VRD.C MIN = {vmin + 0.15σCP)*bw*d
Where, K = 1+sqrt(200/d) <= 2 Where, d is in millimeters
ρ1 = Asl/(bw*d) <= 0.02 fck = 50 Mpa
σcp = NEd/Ac <= 0.2xfcd Where, NEd = axial compression, Ac = Area of section
vmin = 0.031*K^1.5*fck^0.5 fcd = αcc*fck/γm where, αcc =0.67 and γm = 1.5
Description Support L/8 L/4 3L/8 L/2
Prestress Force after all losses (kN) 6486.0 6553.9 6648.5 6772.1 6951.5
Effective width of the web in mm 750 300 300 300 300
Effective Depth of precast Section (d) in mm 1183 1412 1613 1820 1848
Effective Depth of composite Section (d) in mm 1408 1637 1838 2045 2073
K 1.377 1.350 1.330 1.313 1.311
Stress due to Prestress (σcp) (Mpa) 4.467 4.467 4.467 4.467 4.467
Shear Resistance minimum (VRd,cmin) (kN) 1081.8 497.7 554.7 613.2 621.2
Reinforcement ratio considering Tendons, ρ1 0.006 0.013 0.012 0.011 0.011
Shear resistance ( VRd,c) (kN) 1213.1 625.4 685.0 745.7 754.0
Design Shear resistance ( VRd,c) (kN) 1081.8 497.7 554.7 613.2 621.2
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ii) Shear Capacity of Uncracked Section as per clause 10.3.2(2) of IRC 112-2010
The shear resistance of the beam section uncracked in flexure is given below:-
VRd,c = ( I * bwc )/ S x √ (fctd2 + k1 σcp fctd)
Where, I = Moment of inertia bwc= Width of beam after deduction due to duct
S = First moment of area between cetroidal axis and extreme compression fibre about the centrodial axis.
fctd = design tensile strength of concrete = fctk/γm = 1.64 Mpa
Prestress
6486.0 6553.9 6648.5 6772.1 6951.5
Force
Effective
750 300 300 300 300
width of
Effective
1408 1637 1838 2045 2073
Depthdue
Stress of
4.467 4.467 4.467 4.467 4.467
to
Design
1.64 1.64 1.64 1.64 1.64
tensile
First
2.97E+09 2.07E+09 2.07E+09 2.07E+09 2.07E+09
moment
Transmiss
1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
ion length
Moment
1.2E+12 9.3E+11 9.3E+11 9.3E+11 9.3E+11
of Inertia
Design
922.4 427.3 427.3 427.3 427.3
Shear
iii) Summary of the Shear resistance of the Beam when shear reinforcement isn't required :
The maximum shear capacity of the Beam as cl.10.3.2 (5) of IRC 112-2010
VEd ≤ 0.50 bw d ν fcd where, ν = 0.60 [ 1 - fck/310]
Distance from bearing in m 0.00 3.56 7.13 10.69 14.25
Distance modification factor β for Precast Beam 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Distance modification factor β for Composite 0.25 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Effective Shear for Precast Beam 1936.9 1487.9 845.9 597.8 231.7
Effective Shear for Composite Section (kN) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Effective Shear due to prestressing force (kN) 246.1 249.0 253.7 60.1 0.0
Total Shear force for the Beam (kN) 1690.9 1238.9 592.2 537.7 231.7
Precast member Area (m2) 1.54 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89
Zb (m3) 0.52 0.41 0.41 0.41 0.41
Composite member Area (m2) 2.24 1.58 1.58 1.58 1.58
Zb (m3) 0.81 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60
Stress due to prestress at tensile fibre σ bpt (MPa) 2.3031 1.1795 -2.9690 -7.3626 -8.1301
Section at Maximum Bending Moment Uncracked Uncracked Cracked Cracked Cracked
Shear capacity of Beam Section (kN) 922.43 427.34 554.68 613.21 621.23
Maximum shear capacity of the Section (kN) 5936 2759 3098 3447 3495
Not Not
Whether shear reinforcement required or not Required Required Required
Required Required
iv) Calculation of Shear Resistance when Shear Reinforcement is Required ::

The design for the Vertical stirrups for resisting shear is calculated in the table below as per Cl. No. 10.3.3.2 of IRC:112-2011.
The shear resistance with vertical stirrups is given by,
VRd,s = Asw / s. z. fywd cot θ by Crushing of Compression strut
VRd,max = acw bw z v1 fcd / (cot θ + tan θ) by yielding of the Vertical reinforcement
Grade of reinforcement = Fe 500 Grade of concrete = M50
Design Tensile stress in stirrups (fywd= 0.8fyk/γm) = 347.8 Mpa Concrete Strength (fcd) : = 22.3 Mpa
Minimum Shear reinf. ratio = 0.072sqrt(fck)/fyk = 0.00102 Coeff accounting stress in compression chord ν1
Design of Vertical Transverse reinforcement (α = 90o) = 0.60
51 of 64
Shear demand of Beam (kN) 1690.9 1238.9 592.2 537.7 231.7
Lever arm taken from flexural analysis z (m) 1.34 1.57 1.77 1.97 2.00
Angle of compression strut θ (degrees) -1.24E+127 22.38 28.79 21.17 21.17 21.17
Dia of shear reinforcement provided (mm) 12+16 16 12 12 12
Number of legs provided 2 2 2 2 2
Spacing of stirrups provided (mm) 125 125 125 125 125
Minimum area of Shear reinf. reqd Asw/s (mm2/mm) 0.76 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31
Area of shear reinf provided Asw/s (mm2/mm) 5.027 3.217 1.810 1.810 1.810
Check O.K. O.K. O.K. O.K. O.K.
Shear
5683 3190 2872 3208 3255
resistance
Coeff
1.200 1.200 1.200 1.200 1.200
accountin
Shear
5683 3190 2872 3208 3255
capacity
Differenc
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
e in shear
Shear capacity of the Section (kN) 5682.76 3189.84 2871.88 3208.35 3254.53
Increase in longitudinal tensile force ∆Ftd (kN) 2053.17 1127.17 764.38 694.05 299.03
Total longitudinal tensile force (kN) 2098.53 5140.24 6823.35 7172.65 5849.74
Permissible longitudinal tensile force (kN) 9309.99 9309.99 9309.99 9309.99 9309.99
Check Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.
4.6. Anchor Block

Check Bearing pressure As per Euro code EC2, Anex-J
According to Manufacture's Catalog
Size of anchor flange = 245 mm Dia of Hole = 90 mm
2
fcj = Cube strength = 44.10 N/mm
2
fcj = Cylender strength 35.28 N/mm
2
A2 = 750*375 = 134263.3 mm
Now, Maximum Cable Force after immediate Losses = 2426.91 T
As per Manufacture's recommendation = 40% of above force to be taken by End Bearing
= 60% of above force to be taken by Anchorage
Cone and Concrete by friction
2 2
Bearing stress = N/A1 18.08 N/mm < 21.17 N/mm Hence O.K.
Busting reinforcement in end block

2Yo = 245 mm 2Ypo = 245 mm
Ypo/Yo = 1.00 As per Table 13.1 of IRC 112-2011 Fbst/Pk = 0.120
Fbst = 0.12x1.3x2426.91 = 378.60 kN
2
Area of Steel Required = Fbst/(0.87xfy) = 1000.89 mm
2
Hence Provide 16T- 2L -4Nos along Web and Normal to Web Ast = 1608.50 mm
Ast 0.15 P max/fyd γp

2
fyd 435 N/mm
γp 1.2
2
Ast 1004.239 mm
For Avoid checking crack width we have considered fyd=250 N/mm2
2
Ast 1747.376 mm
Use 16 φ spiral with 280 mm inner dia and 60 mm spacing
2
Ast 3216.991 mm
Spalling Reinforcement 0.03x P max /fyd x γp

2
349.475 mm
2
Provide 2 no 16 dia bar each side 402.1 mm
Hence allowable stress behind anchorage has been suitbly increased by providing hoop reinforcement
CEB-FIP model code has been used to calculate the increase in permissible bearing stress.
52 of 64
Increase in force ∆ F = 1.3*u/s*As*fyd-(Ac1-Ac2)*fcd*(1-(8*Msdu)/(u/pi *Nsdu))
Where,
u = Perimeter of hoop u= 0.929911 m
s = Hoop spacing s= 0.06 m
2
As = Cross sectional area of hoop reinforcement. As = 0.000201 cm
2
fyd = Design strength of hoop fyd = 43500 t/m
2
Ac1= A2 Ac1 = 0.0841 m
2
Ac2 = Area of conc rete within hoop reinforcement. Ac2 = 0.061575 m
2
fcd = fcj/1.5 fcd = 2939.845 t/m
Msdu = Max moment in hoop reinforced zone. Msdu = 0 t-m
D F = 1.3*u/s*As*fyd-(Ac1-Ac2)*fcd*(1-(8*Msdu)/(u/pi *Nsdu)) = 109.9997 t
2
Increase in permissible stresses ∆ F/A1 = 18.33 N/m
2
> 3.09 N/m
Hence OK
4.7. Interface Shear Design for Composite section

The shear stress that arises between the interfaces of concrete placed at different times is reffered to as interface
shear. The interface shear is resisted by friction at the interface and by reinforcement placed across the shear plane.
The interface shear stress, Vedi <= the resisting capacity at the section, VRdi
Vedi = β Ved/zbi
Where, β = The ratio of longitudinal force in the new concrete and total longitudinal force
Ved = The tranverse shear force
z= Lever arm
bi = the width of interface
VRdi = µσn + ρfyd[µsinα+cosα] <=0.5vfcd fck = M50
µ= friction for rough surface = 0.7 fyd = 500 Mpa
σn = the minimum co existing normal stress < 0.6fcd = 0.00 Mpa
ρ= As/Aj where As is the area of reinforcement, Aj is the interface area of the joint
ν1 = Coeff accounting stress in compression chord = 0.60
α= the angle of the reinforcement to the interface = 90.00 degree
fcd = αcc*fck/γm where, αcc =0.67 and γm = 1.5 = 22.33 Mpa

Shear demand of Beam,VEd (kN) 1690.86 1238.88 592.19 537.70 231.67
Ratio of Longitudinal forces (β) 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99
Interface Width bi ( mm) 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
Design value of Shear Stress vEdi ( MPa) 1.25 0.78 0.33 0.27 0.11
Roughness Co-efficient, µ 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70
Stress caused by minimum external normal force 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dia of shear reinforcement provided (mm) 10 10 10 10 10
Minimum reinf.=0.15% of area of interface 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500
Area of Reinforcement at interface, As (mm2/m) 2513.27 2513.27 2513.27 2513.27 2513.27
Area of the joint, Ai (mm2) 225000 225000 225000 225000 225000
Strength reduction factor (ν) 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60
Design shear resistance at the Interface (vRdi) 3.91 3.91 3.91 3.91 3.91
Status with respect to the Interface Shear Ok Ok Ok Ok Ok
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4.8. Untensioned Reinforcement of Precast Girder
Vertical reiforcement = 0.18 % of web
=0.18%x300x2000 = 1080 mm2 per meter
Hence provide 2L-12T @ 150 c/c Ast provide= 1506.7 mm2 per meter
Longitudinal reinforcement = 0.15 % of web
Total Area of Precast Girder at midspan = 0.88625 m2
=0.15%x0.89x1000000 = 1329.375 mm2 per meter
Hence provide 7-16T at Bottomt top & 8-12T at Top Ast provide= 1909 mm2 per meter
Side Face Reinforcement
Side Face Reinforcement = 0.1 % of web Area
2
Area of steel required = 600 mm
2
Minimum Reinf. at earth face (0.12%) = 720 mm
Hence Provide 10 Nos. 12 φ on Each Face
2 2
Ast provided = 2261.9 mm /m > 720 mm /m
Hence O.K.
4.9 Calculation for Deflection of Longitudinal girders
(i) Precast Girder - Prestress of cables 1, 2, 3 + wt of precast Girder at 5 days
Young Modulus = 3.41E+07 kN/m2
Section At support Near L/8 At L/4 At 3L/8 At L/2
Distance 0.000 3.563 7.125 10.688 14.250
CG of Precast girder from bottom , m 1.025 1.004 1.004 1.004 1.004
Moment 0.534 0.417 0.417 0.417 0.417
CG of cables 1 to 3 from bot.(m) 0.706 0.493 0.313 0.125 0.125
Moment -2298.73 -3710.17 -5076.74 -6553.24 -6680.95
Moment -4.82 1083.95 1815.02 2255.54 2396.13
Total
moment -2303.5 -2626.2 -3261.7 -4297.7 -4284.8
M/EI -0.00013 -0.00018 -0.00023 -0.00030 -0.00030
3.56 3.563 3.563 3.563

A B C D E
-0.00018 2 -0.00030
-0.000126 4 3 -0.000229 -0.000301
1
M/EI Diagram for Ist Stage Prestress after losses at 5 days
At Midspan
Average Moment of
Section Marked Distance CG from A M/EI
M/EI M/EI about
A -0.00013
B 4 3.563 1.781 -0.00018 -0.00016 -0.000986
C 3 3.563 5.344 -0.00023 -0.00021 -0.003939
D 2 3.563 8.906 -0.00030 -0.00027 -0.008429
E 1 3.563 12.469 -0.00030 -0.00030 -0.013398
Total -0.026754
So, Midspan deflection due to Prestress + wt of precast Girder = = -27 mm
= - L/ 1065
(ii) Precast Girder - Prestress of cables 4,5 + loss of Cables 1 to 3 at 28 days

Young Modulus = 3.52E+07 Mpa
Distance 0.000 3.563 7.125 10.688 14.250
CG of 1.444 1.128 0.812 0.497 0.305
Moment 542.41 161.88 -251.96 -672.15 -950.26
Moment 161.54 258.65 349.84 444.71 444.74
Total 704.0 420.5 97.9 -227.4 -505.5
M/EI 0.000037 0.000029 0.000007 -0.000015 -0.000034
54 of 64
3.6 3.563 3.563 3.563
A B C D E
2
0.0000287 -0.0000155
0.0000374 4 3 0.000007 -0.0000344
1
At Midspan
Average Moment of
M/EI M/EI about
A 0.0000374
B 4 3.563 1.781 0.0000287 0.0000330 0.0002096
C 3 3.563 5.344 0.000007 0.0000177 0.0003362
D 2 3.563 8.906 -0.000015 -0.0000044 -0.00014
E 1 3.563 12.469 -0.000034 -0.0000250 -0.001109
Total -0.000703
So, Midspan deflection due to Prestress +loss = = -0.703 mm
So, Total Midspan deflection at 28 days = = -27.457 mm = - L/ 1038
(iii) Precast Girder - Prestress + wt of precast Girder +wt of deck slab at 60 days
Distance 0.000 3.563 7.125 10.688 14.250
CG of 0.817 0.588 0.387 0.180 0.152
Loss 250.313 250.313 250.313 250.313 250.313
Moment 52.159 104.084 154.360 206.195 213.309
Moment -8.375 795.421 1377.910 1739.093 1878.970
Total 43.784 899.505 1532.270 1945.288 2092.279
M/EI 0.0000023 0.0000613 0.0001044 0.0001326 0.00014
3.6 3.563 3.563 3.563
A B C D E
0.000002 0.0000613 0.0001326
4 0.0001044 0.0001426
3 1
2
At Midspan
Average Moment of
Section Marked Distance CG from A M/EI Rotation
M/EI M/EI about
A 0.0000023
B 4 3.563 1.781 0.0000613 0.0000318 0.0002019 0.00132
C 3 3.563 5.344 0.0001044 0.0000828 0.0015772
D 2 3.563 8.906 0.0001326 0.0001185 0.0037592
E 1 3.563 12.469 0.0001426 0.0001376 0.0061104
Total 0.0116486
So, Midspan deflection due to Prestress losses + DL = = 11.649 mm
Total Deflection at 60 days =-27.457+11.649 = -15.808 mm
55 of 64
(iv) Composite Girder - long term losses + SIDL+ Live load
Distance 0.000 3.563 7.125 10.688 14.250
CG of Composite girder from bottom , m 1.393 1.526 1.526 1.526 1.526
CG of cables from bot.(m) 0.817 0.588 0.387 0.180 0.152
Moment 1.154 0.932 0.932 0.932 0.932
Loss 1181.291 1181.291 1181.291 1181.291 1181.29
Moment 680.475 1107.239 1344.504 1589.126 1622.7
Total 680.475 1107.239 1344.504 1589.126 1622.7
M/EI 0.0000167 0.0000337 0.0000409 0.0000484 0.00005
3.563 3.563 3.563 3.563
A B C D E
0.00002 0.0000337 0.0000484
4 0.0000409 0.0000494
3 1
2
M/EI Diagram for Ist Stage Prestress after losses at α days
At Midspan
Average Moment of
M/EI M/EI about
A 0.0000167
B 4 3.563 1.781 0.0000337 0.0000252 0.0001601 0.00056
C 3 3.563 5.344 0.0000409 0.0000373 0.0007107
D 2 3.563 8.906 0.0000484 0.0000447 0.0014174
E 1 3.563 12.469 0.0000494 0.0000489 0.0021725
Total 0.0044607
So, Midspan deflection due to Prestress losses = = 4.461 mm
So, Midspan deflection due SIDL = = 3.236 mm 0.000349
So, Midspan deflection due Wind load = = 3.162 mm 0.000112
So, Midspan deflection due Live load = = 11.800 mm 0.001182
Total Deflection at mid span 1xDL+1.2xSIDL+1xLL+0.6xWL = 7.498 mm L/ 3801
56 of 64
8.0 Cross girder
8.1 End Cross girder
8.1.1 Bearing Replacement condition.
DL of Girder DL of slab Total DL
Location (kN) (kN) (kN)
SIDL (kN)
Outer Girder 935.56 935.56 93.99

Inner Girder 866.63 866.63 99.72
Outer Girder 815.31 815.31 93.99

Girder location
3.50 3.50
Jack location
0.90 3.50 3.50 0.90
1.70
Position of Jack Location on End Cross Girder
Max: 687.750 kNm Max: 687.750 kNm
Max: 155.921 kNm Max: 155.921 kNm
Max: 0 kNm
Max: -273.622 kNm Max: -273.622 kNm
Bearing Replacement condition - Dead load moment

Staad Results
1 1 DL 1 0 -936 0 0 0 0.00
2 0 936 0 0 0 -561.6
2 SIDL 1 0 -94 0 0 0 0
2 0 94 0 0 0 -56.4
2 1 DL 2 0 306.873 0 0 0 561.6
7 0 -306.873 0 0 0 -162.665
2 SIDL 2 0 30.104 0 0 0 56.4
7 0 -30.104 0 0 0 -17.265
3 1 DL 3 0 -425.146 0 0 0 -102.448
4 0 425.146 0 0 0 -152.64
2 SIDL 3 0 -49.5 0 0 0 -12.435
4 0 49.5 0 0 0 -17.265
Support Span
Support Span Shear
Cross Girder moment (kN- moment (kN-
Shear (kN) (kN)
m) m)
DL -561.60 -936.00 -152.64 -425.15
SIDL -56.40 -94.00 -17.27 49.50
57 of 64
8.1.3 Service condition.
Width of beam = 450 mm Depth of beam = 1975 mm
Span = 3.5 m Self wt of girder 0.45x1.975x25= 22.2 kN/m
Support moment 27.22 kN-m Span moment = 17.01 kN-m
Support shear 38.88 kN Span shear = 0 kN
Load combination
Support Span
Support Span Shear Side moment Side shear
Shear (kN) (kN) (kN-m) (kN)
m) m)
DL 76.22 53.88 45.01 0.00
SIDL 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Live load 93 67 48 59 0.022719 0.2624
Seismic 0.06 0.07
8.2 Intermediate Cross girder

Span = 3.5 m Self wt of girder 0.3x1.975x25= 14.8 kN/m
Load combination
Support Span
Support Span Shear
Shear (kN) (kN)
m) m)
DL 345.15 102.92 327.34 0.00
SIDL 4.00 4.00 66.00 69.38
Live load 218 293 218 108
Wind load is not considered as wind load effect is very negligble.
8.3 Summary of Bending Moment & Shear Force of Cross girders

End Cross girder Intermediate Cross girder
Location Support Span Support Span
Moment Shear Moment Shear Moment Shear Moment Shear
Bearing
DL 561.60 -936.00 152.64 -425.15
Replacement
SIDL 56.40 -94.00 17.27 49.50
DL 76.22 53.88 45.01 0.00 345.15 102.92 327.34 0.00
Service
condition
SIDL 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 4.00 4.00 66.00 69.38
Live Load 93.00 67.00 48.00 59.00 218.00 293.00 218.00 108.00
Maximum of bearing replacement & service condition is considered for design of end cross girder
8.3.1 Ultimate limit State
Load Combination - 1) Dead load +SIDL
Load Case DL SIDL LL
Bearing
Replacement
1 1.35 1.75
2(a) 1.35 1.75
Service
condition
2(b) 1.35 1.75 1.5
2 (c) 1 1 1.5
End Cross girder Side end girder
Moment Shear Moment Shear Side moment Side shear
Load Case (kN-m) (kN)
(kN-m) (kN) (kN-m) (kN)
Bearing
Replacement
1 856.86 -1428.10 236.28 -487.32
2(a) 104.64 74.49 62.52 1.75
Service
condition
2(b) 244.14 174.99 134.52 90.25 0.03 0.3936
2 (c) 216.72 155.38 118.01 89.50 0.08 0.0975
Total 856.86 174.99 236.28 90.25 0.08 0.39
58 of 64
Inner Cross girder
Moment Shear Moment Shear
Load Case
Bearing
Replacement
1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2(a) 472.95 145.94 557.41 121.42
Service
condition
2(b) 799.95 585.44 884.41 283.42
2 (c) 676.15 546.42 720.34 231.38
Total 799.95 585.44 884.41 283.42
8.3.2 Servicibility limit State for Rare Combination (SL1)

Bearing
Replacement
1 1 1.2
2(a) 1 1.2
Service
condition
2(b) 1 1.2 1
2 (c) 1 1 1
End Cross girder Side end girder

Moment Shear Moment Shear Side moment Side shear
Load Case (kN-m) (kN)
Bearing
Replacement
1 629.28 173.36
2(a) 77.42 46.21
Service
condition
2(b) 170.42 94.21 0.02 0.2624
2 (c) 170.22 94.01 0.02 0.2624
Total 629.28 173.36 0.02 0.26
Inner Cross girder
Load Case
Bearing
Replacement
1 0.00 0.00
2(a) 349.95 406.54
Service
condition
2(b) 567.95 624.54
2 (c) 567.15 611.34
Total 567.95 624.54
8.3.3 Servicibility limit State for Quasi-permanent Combination (SL2)
Load Case DL SIDL
Bearing
1 1 1.2
Replacement
Service
2 1 1.2
condition
End Cross girder Inner Cross girder

Moment Moment Moment Moment
Load Case
(kN-m) (kN-m) (kN-m) (kN-m)
Bearing
1 629.28 173.36 0.00 0.00
Replacement
Service
2 77.42 46.21 349.95 406.54
condition
Total 629.28 173.36 349.95 406.54
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Consider rectangular beam for design of end cross girder.
1265.625 0.00350 22.33
225 1707 kN
212.36
NA NA
1975
99.5 0.0274 1707 kN

450
Grade Concrete = M50 Grade of steel = Fe 500
Width of the section = 450 mm Depth of the section = 1975 mm
Clear Cover = 50 mm Main dia of bar used = 25 mm
Dia of shear reinf. = 12 mm Effective depth, d = 1876 mm
2
R = Mu/bd = 0.541 MPa Design Moment = 857 kN-m
2
Mu,Lim/bd = 0.133xfck = 6.65 MPa Ast = 1063.8 mm2
Lower fractile tensile fctm = 2.46 MPa Where, pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Min. reinforcement 0.26xfctm/fykxbtxd but not less than 0.0013btd = 1097.2 mm2
Hence provide 4 Nos. 25 dia Ast = 3927.0 mm2
4 Nos. 25 dia > Hence O.K.
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E of reinforcement = 200000 MPa Max strain in concrete = 0.0035
E of concrete = 35220 MPa Min strain in steel = 0.0042
Balanced neutral axis depth = 855.28 mm Actual neutral axis depth = 212.36 mm
Strain in steel = 0.0274 Stress in steel = 434.8 MPa
Section is under reinforced, Hence ok
Description At support Span Side At support Span
Moment 856.86 236.28 0.08 799.95 884.41
Width 450 450.00 1000.00 300.00 300.00
Depth 1876 1876 376 1876 1876
R = Mu/bd2 0.54 0.15 0.00 0.76 0.84
pt 0.00126 0.00034 0.00000 0.00177 0.00197
Ast required for bending 1063.8 290.6 0.5 998.3 1105.9
Ast required for shear 421.6 217.4 1738.0 1738.0 841.4
Ast required 1063.8 290.6 1738.0 1738.0 1105.9
4 Nos. 4 Nos. 2 Nos. 3 Nos. 3 Nos.
1st layers
25 dia + 25 dia + 25 dia + 32 dia + 32 dia +
Reinf provided
4 Nos. 4 Nos. 2 Nos. 3 Nos. 3 Nos.
2nd layers
25 dia 25 dia 25 dia 32 dia 32 dia
Ast provided 3927.0 3927.0 1963.5 4825.5 4825.5
Actual NA 212 212 48 391 391
Strain in steel 0.0274 0.0274 0.0240 0.0133 0.0133
Stress in steel 434.8 434.8 434.8 434.8 434.8
Total ultimate tensile force = 1707 1707 854 2098 2098
Total ultimate compressive force 1707 1707 854 2098 2098
Difference of force 0 0 0 0 0
Compressive force CG 88.3 88.3 19.9 162.8 162.8
Moment of resistance 3051 3051 304 3593 3593
Factor of Safety 3.6 12.9 3596.299 4.5 4.1
Shear design
VED= Design Shear Force of the concrete section = 856.9 kN
VRD,C= Design Shear Resistance of the concrete section [0.12K(80p1fck)^0.33+0.15σCP]bwd
Width of beam = 450 mm Effective depth, d 1876 mm
z = 1787 mm
K= 1+sqrt(200/d)<=2.0 = 1.33
vmin = 0.031K^1.5xfck^0.5 = 0.33 MPa
p1 = Asl/bwd <=0.02 = 0.0047
σCP = = 0.00 MPa
VRD,C= = 352.6 kN
Design Tensile stress in stirrups (fywd= 0.8fyk/γm) = 347.8 Mpa
VRD,S= VED - VRD,C = (Asw/s) z fywd Cotθ = 504.3 kN
Asv, provided Cotθ= 1 = 402.12 mm2
Sv = Spacing required = 495.7 mm
Minimum Spacing required (ASW/sbw=0.072*sqrt(fck)/fyk) = 878 mm
Hence Provide 2 -L 16 Stirrups @ 125 c/c
VRd,s = Asw / s. z. fywd cot θ by yielding of the Vertical reinforcement

VRd,max = acw bw z v1 fcd / (cot θ + tan θ) by Crushing of Compression strut
Concrete Strength (fcd) : = 22.3 Mpa Coeff accounting stress in compression chord ν1 = 0.60
61 of 64
Width of beam, b (mm) 450.0 450.0 1000.0 300.0 300.0
Effective depth, d 1875.5 1875.5 375.5 1875.5 1875.5
K= 1.33 1.33 1.73 1.33 1.33
vmin = 0.33 0.33 0.50 0.33 0.33
p1 = 0.0047 0.0047 0.0052 0.0086 0.0086
VRD,C= 352.59 352.59 212.59 287.62 287.62
Shear reinf. Shear reinf. Shear reinf. Shear reinf. Shear reinf.
Check Not required Not required Not required required Not required
Minimum area of Shear reinf. reqd Asw/s (mm2/mm)0.458 0.458 1.018 0.305 0.305
Angle of compression strut θ (degrees) 25.52 25.52 16.80 21.17 21.17
Shear resistance provided by reinf V RD,s (kN) 4189 4189 1318 2319 2319
Coeff accounting stress in comp chord αcw 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
Shear capacity of compression strut V RD,max 4189 4189 1318 2319 2319
Difference in shear resistance (kN) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Shear capacity of the Section (kN) 4189 4189 1318 2319 2319
Area of steel required for shear due stut & tie model 421.60 217.43 1.50 1738.04 841.41
8.5. Servicebility limit State Method
8.5.1. Flexure member Design of end girder support section
Bending Compression of concrete = 24.00 Mpa fctm = Mean tensile strength of concrete= 2.46 Mpa
E of reinforcement = 200000 MPa E of concrete = 35220 MPa
Modular ratio =Es/Ecm = 5.68 Tensile stress of steel = 300 Mpa
Width of Section = 450 mm Depth of Section = 1975 mm
Clear Cover = 50 mm Effective depth, d = 1876 mm
Minimum reinforcement 0.26xfctm/fykxbtxd but not less than 0.0013btd = 1097.17 mm2
4 Nos. 25 dia Moment = 629.28 kN
Balanced neutral axis depth = = 585.86 mm Actual neutral axis depth = 384.42 mm
Comp. stress of concrete = 4.16 Mpa
Stress-strain diagram at Serviceability Limit State condition
0.00012 4.16
360.13
384.42
NA NA
360.13
0.00046
Section is under reinforced, Hence ok =
Total compressive force = 360.13 kN Total tensile force = 360.13 kN
Compressive force CG = 128.14 mm Moment of resistance = 629.28 kNm
62 of 64
Rare Combination (SL1) Quasi-permanent Combination (SL2)
End Cross girder Inner Cross girder End Cross girder Inner Cross girder
Description At support Span At support Span At support Span At support Span
h or D 1975 1975 1975 1975 1975 1975 1975 1975
b 450 450 300 300 450 450 300 300
d 1876 1876 1876 1876 1876 1876 1876 1876
Moment 629.28 173.36 567.95 624.54 629.28 173.36 349.95 406.54
Reinf provided 4 Nos. 4 Nos. 3 Nos. 3 Nos. 4 Nos. 4 Nos. 3 Nos. 3 Nos.
25 dia + 25 dia + 32 dia + 32 dia + 25 dia + 25 dia + 32 dia + 32 dia +
4 Nos. 4 Nos. 3 Nos. 3 Nos. 4 Nos. 4 Nos. 3 Nos. 3 Nos.
25 dia 25 dia 32 dia 32 dia 25 dia 25 dia 32 dia 32 dia
Ast provided 3927.0 3927.0 4825.5 4825.5 3927.0 3927.0 4825.5 4825.5
Stress in concrete 4.2 1.1 4.4 4.9 4.2 1.1 2.7 3.17
Actual NA 384 384 501 501 384 384 501 501
Stress in steel 91.7 25.3 68.9 75.8 91.7 25.3 42.4 49.3
Total ultimate tensile force = 360 99 332 366 360 99 205 238
Total ultimate compressive force360 99 332 366 360 99 205 238
Difference of force 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Compressive force CG 128.1 128.1 167.0 167.0 128.1 128.1 167.0 167.0
Moment of resistance 629 173 568 625 629 173 350 407
Diff. of moment 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Description Side
h or D 1000
b 1000 Max Concrete stress 4.9 < 24.0 Mpa
d 376 Ok
Moment 0.02
Reinf provided 2 Nos. Max Concrete steel 91.7 < 300.0 Mpa
25 dia + Ok
2 Nos.
25 dia
Ast provided 1963.5
Stress in concrete 0.0
Actual NA 99
Stress in steel 0.0
Total ultimate tensile force = 0
Total ultimate compressive force 0
Difference of force 0
Compressive force CG 32.9
Moment of resistance 0
Diff. of moment 0.0
63 of 64
8.5.2. Check for crack width Check crack width As per IRC : 112-2011
Crack width, Wk = Sr,max * (εsm-εcm)
Where, εsm-εcm = (σsc-kt*fct,eff/ρp,eff*(1+αe*ρp,eff))/Es >= 0.6σsc/Es
σsc = 111.25 Mpa αe =Es/Ecm = 5.679
kt = 0.5 hc,eff=min of [2.5(h-d),(h-x/3),h/2]=248.8 mm
Ac,eff =b*hc,eff ρp,eff = As/Ac,eff = 0.035
fct,eff = = 2.46 Mpa εsm-εcm = 0.000346
>= 0.6σsc/Es= 0.000334
Sr,max =3.4c+0.425*k1*k2*φ/ρp,eff Where, c = 50 mm
k1 = 0.8
φeq=(n1*φ1^2+n2*φ2^2)/((n1*φ1+n2*φ2 25.0 mm k2 = 0.5
Sr,max = 291.1 mm Crack width, Wk = = 0.101 mm
< 0.3 mm OK
Stress in steel, σs 111.2 31.8 0.0 57.6 66.7 at extrem fibre
As 3927.0 3927.0 1963.5 4825.5 4825.5
Actual NA 384 384 99 501 501
hc,eff 248.8 248.8 500.0 248.8 248.8
ρp,eff 0.035 0.035 0.013 0.065 0.065
εsm-εcm 0.00035 0.00010 0.00000 0.00017 0.00020
φeq 25.0 25.0 25.0 32.0 32.0
Crack spacing Sr,max 291.1 291.1 291.1 325.1 325.1
Crack width, Wk 0.101 0.028 0.000 0.056 0.066
Check <0.3 O.K. <0.3 O.K. <0.3 O.K. <0.3 O.K. <0.3 O.K.
8.6. Side face reinforcement
Minimum main reinf. 0.26xfctm/fykxbtxd but not less than 0.0013btd = 1097.17 mm2
Side face reinf. 0.1% bd = 843.98 mm2
Hence provide 7 Nos. 20 dia on each span Ast = 4398.2 mm2
64 of 64
DESIGN CALCULATION OF 31.36M SPAN PSC-I GIRDER
1.0 Detailed design of 31.36 c/c span
1.1 Basis
Basic design criteria have been prepared with a view to satisfy all the relevant technical requirements specified in
the contract.
1.2 Structure Description

The Bridge consists of three span simply supported PSC superstructure of span 31.360m c/c over RCC Pier &
abutments..
1.3 Material :
a) Grades of concrete are as follows:
i) Foundation :M35
ii) Substructure :M40
iii) Superstructure :M50
iv) Pedestal, crash barrier :M40
b) Grade of Reinforcement :Fe-500
c) Prestressing steel :12.7mm dia low relaxation strand of
UTS 1862 Mpa confirming to IS:14268
1.4 LOADS :
a) Unit Weight of Materials :
i) Unit weight of PSC super structure = 25.0 KN/m3
ii) Unit weight of RCC substructure & foundation = 25.0 KN/m3
iii) Unit weight of Structural steel = 78.5 KN/m3
iv) Unit weight of Wearing course = 22.0 KN/m3
v) Unit weight of Earth = 19.0 KN/m3
b) Dead Load (DL) :
Self weight of PSC I-girder and RCC deck have been considered for design of superstructure. In addition of self
weight of superstructure, self weight of substructure & foundation have also been considered in design of
substructure & foundation respectively.
c)Super Imposed Dead Load (SIDL) :

Weight of wearing course, crash barriers have been calculated.
d) Live Load (LL) :

As per IRC : 6 :2017, Live loads on two lane carriageway superstructure are as follows:
i)Two lane class-A
e) Impact (IL)
Impact factor of live load has been calculated as per IRC: 6-2017
Impact Factor for class-A = 4.5/(6+L)
f) Braking Force (BF)

Braking has been calculated as per IRC: 6-2017
Braking force = 0.20 x First vehicle + 0.1 x Succeeding Vehicles for Two lane Carriageway
+ 0.05 x Vehicles on each excess lane Carriageway
g) Centrifugal Force (CF)

The centrifugal forces shall be determined from the following equation:
C = WV2/(127R) C = Centrifugal force acting normal to the traffic.
W= Live Load V = Design Speed (km/hr) R = Radius of Curvature (meters)
1 of 56
i) Force due to Support Settlement (SS)
For simply support span, forces due to differential settlement of supports need not be considered.
j) Temperature Load (TL)

For simply support span, force due to temperature rise & fall need not be considered.
k) Temperature Gradient (TG)

Stress due to temperature gradient along depth of superstructure shall be calculated as per IRC: 6-2017.
l) Creep & Shrinkage (CS)

Strain due to creep & shrinkage shall be taken as per IRC: 112-2011.
m) Seismic Load (EQ)

Earthquake Loads has been calculated as per IS:1893 and IRC: 6-2017. Project is located in earthquake
zone IV. Horizontal seismic forces has been computed as per clause no. 219.2 of IRC : 6-2017 for zone IV .
z = zone factor = For Zone IV = 0.24 I = Importance factor = 1.20
R = Response Reduction factor = 2.50 Sa/g = = 2.50
n) Wind Load (WL)

Wind Loads shall be calculated as per clause 209 of IRC: 6-2017.
o) Earth Pressure (EP) :

Value of φ for backfill = 30 deg
Value of δ of backfill = 20 deg
Active earth pressure Co-efficient shall be calculated as per Coulomb’s formula.
p) Water current force (Fwc)

Water current force is calculated as per clause no. 210 of IRC:6-2017 based on design hydrology for
the particular bridge.
q) Buoyancy (Gb)
Buoyancy is calculated as per clause no. 213 of IRC:6-2017 for water at HFL.
At HFL condition, earth pressure shall be reduced due to submerged unit wt of earth, dead load
of sub-structure & foundation.
r) Load Combination (LC)

As per Annex B of IRC:6-2017, the following load combination shall be considered for design
Load Combination - Ultimate limit state
1 1.35 1.75 1.5
2 (a) 1.35 1.75 1.5
2 (b) 1 1 1.5
3 (a) 1.35 1.75 1.5 0.9
3 (b) 1 1 1.5 0.9
4 (a) 1.35 1.75 1.15 1.5
4 (b) 1 1 1.15 1.5
5 (a) 1.35 1.75 1.35 0.9
5 (b) 1 1 1.35 0.9
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Load Combination for Rare Combination (SL1)
1(a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9
1(b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9
2 (a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9 1
2 (b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9 1
3 (a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9 1 0.6
3 (b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9 1 0.6
4 (a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9 0.75 1
4 (b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9 0.75 1
5 (a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9 1 0.6
5 (b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9 1 0.6
6 (a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9 0.75 1
6 (b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9 0.75 1
Load Combination for frequent Combination (SL2) - for prestressing member

1(a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9

1(b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9
2 (a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9 0.6
2 (b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9 0.6
3 (a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9 0.75 0.5
3 (b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9 0.75 0.5
4 (a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9 0.2 0.6
4 (b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9 0.2 0.6
5 (a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9 0.75 0.5
5 (b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9 0.75 0.5
6 (a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9 0.2 0.6
6 (b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9 0.2 0.6
Load Combination for Quasi-permanent (SL3) - for RCC structure

1) Dead load +SIDL
Temperatur
e
1 1 1.2
2 (a) 1 1.2 0.5
2 (b) 1 1 0.5
3 of 56
1.5 Arrangement
PSC superstructure of span 30.0m c/c over RCC pier on pile foundation have been proposed.
For two lane bridge with footpath, total width of carriageway is 13.5 and total width of deck slab
(incl. two nos. crash barrier ) is 14.6m. 4nos. PSC girders are placed on Elastomeric bearing.
1.6 Analysis
Dead load analyses, prestressing forces & loss and stress calculation have been done by excel spreadsheet
prepared in-house. SIDL, Live load have been done by STAAD PRO. Calculation of deflection has been done
by Conjugate Beam Theory & STAAD PRO. Forces & moment and design of abutment & its foundations have
been done by excel spreadsheet.
1.7 Construction Methodology
Substructure
RCC cast-in-situ abutment & abutment cap shall be cast over Pile foundation. The pedestal & dirt wall shall
be cast over abutment cap. Bearing shall be placed over pedestal before erection of PSC girder.
Superstructure
After 5 days casting of Precast Girder, first stage cables shall be stressed as per given force & elongation.
of Precast Girder, SIDL shall be laid after removing of all shuttering material.
1.8 Reference codes & books

1) IRC: 5-2015
2) IRC: 6-2017
3) IRC: 22-2015
4) IRC: 78-2014
5) IRC: 112-2020
4 of 56
1.0 Design Data for Simply Supported Prestressed I-Girder of span 30m -Straight span
Radius of curvature R 1E+15 m Design velocity of vehicle = 60 kmph

Number of PSC longitudinal girder =4 Nos. Spacing of longitudinal girder = 3.50 m
Number of cross girder =4 Nos. Avg Cant. span of deck slab -= 0.400 m

Top width of precast girder = 1.00 m Width of web of PSC girder(support) = 0.75 m
Thickness of End cross girder = 0.45 m Width of web of PSC girder(san) = 0.30 m


1.4.3 Prestressing strand details [ IRC:112-2011 & IS:14268-1995 ]

Type of prestressing strand Low Relaxation Ultimate tensile strength fpk = 1860.00 MPa
Modulus of elasticity = 195.00 Gpa 0.1% proof stress (0.87 UTS) = 1617.39 MPa
Design yield strength fpd = 1406.43 MPa Design yield strain epd = 0.0072
Applied jack pressure = 1455.65 MPa Expected slip at girder end = 6.00 mm
Type of sheathing material Corrugated HDPE Area of single strand of 12.7mm = 98.80 mm2
Coefficient of friction (m) = 0.17 per radian Wobble coefficient (k) = 0.0020 per metre
Typical cable identification 19T/13 Duct dia including sheathing = 90.00 mm
Width of anchorage plate = 245.00 mm Depth of anchorage plate = 245.00 mm
Minimum clear cover = 75.00 mm Clear distance between cables = 90.00 mm
Effective cover for cables = 120.00 mm Effective cover for anchorage = 210.00 mm
Eff dist between cables = 180.00 mm Eff dist between anchorages = 290.00 mm
Cross Sectional area of Tendon ( area of each stand = 98.80mm2) = 1877 mm2
Braking load (Breaking load each strand = 183.7 kN) = 3490 kN
Applied Force (90% of 0.1% proof load = =0.9*0.87*183.7) = 2733 kN
5 of 56
1.4.4 Bearing
Type of bearing Elastomeric Seismic Zone Zone IV

Prestressing First stage = 5 days
Second stage = 28 days
of Precast Girder, all shuttering material shall be removed and SIDL shall be laid.
9.700
0.50 7.500 0.50
65 thk w/c
0.225 1.000
0.15
0.10
2.000 LG1 LG2 1.350 LG3
0.15
0.75 0.25
1.350 3.500 3.500 1.350
Section X-X
Center of Symmetry
0.225
0.15
0.10 0.30
2.00 2.00
0.45 2.000 1.750
0.15
0.25
0.75 29.86
31.36
0.500
Section Y-Y
6 of 56
X
-0.4
Y Y
Longitudinal girder
3.5
9.700
3.5
3.5
Cross Girder
-0.4
X
0.750 29.86
31.36
Plan
7 of 56
2.0 Sectional properties of Girder Inner Gider
1.000
0.15 1 1
0.1 2 2
0.35
D= 2.000 3
0.15 4 4
0.25 5 5
0.225 0.3
0.75

CG from 2 2
Bottom (d'i)
2 3 4 4 4
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m ) (m) (m ) (m ) (m ) (m )
1 0.350 0.150 2 0.1050 1.925 0.20213 0.38909 0.000197 0.38929
2 0.350 0.100 2 0.0350 1.817 0.06358 0.11551 0.000019 0.11553
3 0.300 2.000 1 0.6000 1.000 0.60000 0.60000 0.200000 0.80000
4 0.225 0.150 2 0.0338 0.300 0.01013 0.00304 0.000042 0.00308
5 0.225 0.250 2 0.1125 0.125 0.01406 0.00176 0.000586 0.00234
Total A = 0.886 m2
Z Top =I/(D-CG) = 0.418 m3

1.000
0.15 1 1
0.036 2 2
0.125
D= 2.000 3
0.75

CG from
Bottom (d'i)
2 3 4 4
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m ) (m) (m ) (m ) (m ) (m4)
1 0.1250 0.150 2 0.0375 1.925 0.07219 0.13896 0.000070 0.13903
2 0.1250 0.036 2 0.0045 1.838 0.00821 0.01508 0.000000 0.01508
3 0.750 2.000 1 1.5000 1.000 1.50000 1.50000 0.500000 2.00000
Total A = 1.542 m2
Z Top =I/(D-CG) = 0.548 m3
8 of 56
2.3.
3.500
1
Y
1 0.225
0.15 2 2
0.1 3 3
0.35
D= 2.000 Z 4 Z
0.15 5 5
0.25 6 6
0.225 0.3
0.75
Y
CG from
Bottom (d'i)
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m2) (m) (m3) (m4) (m4) (m4)
1 3.500 0.225 1 0.7875 2.113 1.66359 3.51434 0.003322 3.51766
2 0.350 0.150 2 0.1050 1.925 0.20213 0.38909 0.000197 0.38929
3 0.350 0.100 2 0.0350 1.817 0.06358 0.11551 0.000019 0.11553
4 0.300 2.000 1 0.6000 1.000 0.60000 0.60000 0.200000 0.80000
5 0.225 0.150 2 0.0338 0.300 0.01013 0.00304 0.000042 0.00308
6 0.225 0.250 2 0.1125 0.125 0.01406 0.00176 0.000586 0.00234
Total A = 1.674 m2
3
3
CG from
Centre (d'i)
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m2) (m) (m3) (m4) (m4) (m4)
1 0.225 3.500 1 0.7875 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.803906 0.80391
2 0.150 0.350 2 0.1050 0.325 0.00000 0.01109 0.001072 0.01216
3 0.100 0.350 2 0.0350 0.267 0.00000 0.00249 0.000238 0.00273
4 2.000 0.300 1 0.6000 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.004500 0.00450
5 0.150 0.225 2 0.0338 0.225 0.00000 0.00171 0.000095 0.00180
6 0.250 0.225 2 0.1125 0.263 0.00000 0.00775 0.000475 0.00823
Id. No. d b d/b k J0 = kb3d 1 0.225
(m) (m) (m4) 0.8600 2 0.250
1 3.5000 0.2250 15.556 0.333 0.01328
2 0.8600 0.2500 3.440 0.271 0.00364
3 1.350
3 1.3500 0.3000 4.500 0.289 0.01053 0.3
4 0.6656 0.4000 1.664 0.224 0.00954
0.6656
9 of 56
2.4.
3.500
1
Y
1 0.225
0.15 2 2
0.036 3 3
0.125
D= 2.000 X 4 X
0.75
Y
CG from 2 2
Bottom (d'i)
2 3 4 4 4
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m ) (m) (m ) (m ) (m ) (m )
1 3.5000 0.225 1 0.7875 2.1125 1.66359 3.51434 0.003322 3.51766
2 0.1250 0.150 2 0.0375 1.925 0.07219 0.13896 0.000070 0.13903
3 0.1250 0.036 2 0.0045 1.838 0.00821 0.01508 0.000000 0.01508
4 0.750 2.000 1 1.5000 1.000 1.50000 1.50000 0.500000 2.00000
Total A = 2.329 m2
CG from
Centre (d'i)
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m2) (m) (m3) (m4) (m4) (m4)
1 0.225 3.500 1 0.7875 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.803906 0.80391
2 0.150 0.125 2 0.0375 0.438 0.00000 0.00718 0.000049 0.00723
3 0.036 0.125 2 0.0045 0.792 0.00000 0.00280 0.000004 0.00280
4 2.000 0.750 1 1.5000 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.070313 0.07031
Id. No. d b d/b k J0 = kb3d 1 0.225
(m) (m) (m4) 0.9760 2 0.186
1 3.5000 0.2250 15.556 0.333 0.01328
2 0.9760 0.1857 5.255 0.294 0.00184 3
1.814
3 1.8143 0.7500 2.419 0.253 0.19330 0.75
10 of 56
2.5.
3.500
1
Y
1 0.225
0.15 2 2
0.068 3 3
0.2375
D= 2.000 X 4 X
0.075 5 5
0.25 6 6
0.1125 0.525
0.75
Y
CG from
Bottom (d'i)
2 3 4 4 4
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m ) (m) (m ) (m ) (m ) (m )
1 3.500 0.225 1 0.7875 2.113 1.66359 3.51434 0.003322 3.51766
2 0.238 0.150 2 0.0713 1.925 0.13716 0.26403 0.000134 0.26416
3 0.238 0.068 2 0.0161 1.827 0.02945 0.05382 0.000004 0.05382
4 0.525 2.000 1 1.0500 1.000 1.05000 1.05000 0.350000 1.40000
5 0.113 0.075 2 0.0084 0.275 0.00232 0.00064 0.000003 0.00064
6 0.113 0.250 2 0.0563 0.125 0.00703 0.00088 0.000293 0.00117
CG from
Centre (d'i)
2 3 4 4 4
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m ) (m) (m ) (m ) (m ) (m )
1 0.225 3.500 1 0.7875 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.803906 0.80391
2 0.150 0.238 2 0.0713 0.381 0.00000 0.01036 0.000335 0.01069
3 0.068 0.238 2 0.0161 0.342 0.00000 0.00188 0.000051 0.00193
4 2.000 0.525 1 1.0500 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.024117 0.02412
5 0.075 0.113 2 0.0084 0.300 0.00000 0.00076 0.000006 0.00077
6 0.250 0.113 2 0.0563 0.319 0.00000 0.00572 0.000059 0.00577
Id. No. d b d/b k J0 = kb3d 1 0.225
(m) (m) 4
(m ) 0.9260 2 0.218
1 3.5000 0.2250 15.556 0.333 0.01328
2 0.9260 0.2179 4.251 0.284 0.00271
3 1.457
3 1.4571 0.5250 2.776 0.259 0.05460 0.525
4 0.7240 0.3250 2.228 0.244 0.00607
0.7240
11 of 56
2.6.
1.866
1 0.225
2 1.750
0.30

CG from 2 2
Bottom (d'i)
2 3 4 4 4
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m ) (m) (m ) (m ) (m ) (m )
1 1.8663 0.225 1 0.4199 1.863 0.78208 1.45662 0.001771 1.45839
2 0.3000 1.750 1 0.5250 0.875 0.45938 0.40195 0.133984 0.53594
4
CG from 2 2
Centre (d'i)
2 3 4 4 4
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m ) (m) (m ) (m ) (m ) (m )
1 0.225 1.866 1 0.4199 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.121874 0.12187
2 1.750 0.300 1 0.5250 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.003938 0.00394
(m) (m) (m4)
1 1.8663 0.2250 8.294 0.333 0.00708
2 1.7500 0.3000 5.833 0.295 0.01392
2.7.
1.308
1 0.225
2 1.750
0.45

CG from
Bottom (d'i)
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m2) (m) (m3) (m4) (m4) (m4)
1 1.3081 0.225 1 0.2943 1.863 0.54819 1.02100 0.001242 1.02224
2 0.4500 1.750 1 0.7875 0.875 0.68906 0.60293 0.200977 0.80391
CG from 2 2
Centre (d'i)
2 3 4 4 4
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m ) (m) (m ) (m ) (m ) (m )
1 0.225 1.308 1 0.2943 0.254 0.07478 0.01900 0.041971 0.06097
2 1.750 0.450 1 0.7875 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.013289 0.01329
(m) (m) (m4)
1 1.3081 0.2250 5.814 0.294 0.00439
2 1.7500 0.4500 3.889 0.279 0.04449
12 of 56
2
4
4
3 3 2 2
2
(if b>5d<10d) 3/{10x(1+(b/d) )}
J0 = kb3d
d/b k d/b k
1.00 0.141 3.00 0.263
1.20 0.166 4.00 0.281
1.50 0.196 5.00 0.291
2.00 0.229 10.00 0.312
2.25 0.240 >10.00 0.333
2.50 0.249
13 of 56
2.0 Sectional properties of Girder Outer Girder
1.000
0.15 1 1
0.1 2 2
0.35
D= 2.000 3
0.15 4 4
0.25 5 5
0.225 0.3
0.75

CG from 2 2
Bottom (d'i)
2 3 4 4 4
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m ) (m) (m ) (m ) (m ) (m )
1 0.350 0.150 2 0.1050 1.925 0.20213 0.38909 0.000197 0.38929
2 0.350 0.100 2 0.0350 1.817 0.06358 0.11551 0.000019 0.11553
3 0.300 2.000 1 0.6000 1.000 0.60000 0.60000 0.200000 0.80000
4 0.225 0.150 2 0.0338 0.300 0.01013 0.00304 0.000042 0.00308
5 0.225 0.250 2 0.1125 0.125 0.01406 0.00176 0.000586 0.00234
Total A = 0.886 m2
Z Top =I/(D-CG) = 0.418 m3

1.000
0.15 1 1
0.036 2 2
0.125
D= 2.000 3
0.75

CG from
Bottom (d'i)
2 3 4 4
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m ) (m) (m ) (m ) (m ) (m4)
1 0.1250 0.150 2 0.0375 1.925 0.07219 0.13896 0.000070 0.13903
2 0.1250 0.036 2 0.0045 1.838 0.00821 0.01508 0.000000 0.01508
3 0.750 2.000 1 1.5000 1.000 1.50000 1.50000 0.500000 2.00000
Total A = 1.542 m2
Z Top =I/(D-CG) = 0.548 m3
14 of 56
2.3.
3.100
1
Y
1 0.225
0.15 2 2
0.1 3 3
0.35
D= 2.000 Z 4 Z
0.15 5 5
0.25 6 6
0.225 0.3
0.75
Y
CG from
Bottom (d'i)
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m2) (m) (m3) (m4) (m4) (m4)
1 3.100 0.225 1 0.6975 2.113 1.47347 3.11270 0.002943 3.11565
2 0.350 0.150 2 0.1050 1.925 0.20213 0.38909 0.000197 0.38929
3 0.350 0.100 2 0.0350 1.817 0.06358 0.11551 0.000019 0.11553
4 0.300 2.000 1 0.6000 1.000 0.60000 0.60000 0.200000 0.80000
5 0.225 0.150 2 0.0338 0.300 0.01013 0.00304 0.000042 0.00308
6 0.225 0.250 2 0.1125 0.125 0.01406 0.00176 0.000586 0.00234
Total A = 1.584 m2
3
3
CG from
Centre (d'i)
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m2) (m) (m3) (m4) (m4) (m4)
1 0.225 3.100 1 0.6975 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.558581 0.55858
2 0.150 0.350 2 0.1050 0.325 0.00000 0.01109 0.001072 0.01216
3 0.100 0.350 2 0.0350 0.267 0.00000 0.00249 0.000238 0.00273
4 2.000 0.300 1 0.6000 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.004500 0.00450
5 0.150 0.225 2 0.0338 0.225 0.00000 0.00171 0.000095 0.00180
6 0.250 0.225 2 0.1125 0.263 0.00000 0.00775 0.000475 0.00823
Id. No. d b d/b k J0 = kb3d 1 0.225
(m) (m) (m4) 0.8600 2 0.250
1 3.1000 0.2250 13.778 0.333 0.01176
2 0.8600 0.2500 3.440 0.271 0.00364
3 1.350
3 1.3500 0.3000 4.500 0.289 0.01053 0.3
4 0.6656 0.4000 1.664 0.224 0.00954
0.6656
15 of 56
2.4.
3.100
1
Y
1 0.225
0.15 2 2
0.036 3 3
0.125
D= 2.000 X 4 X
0.75
Y
CG from 2 2
Bottom (d'i)
2 3 4 4 4
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m ) (m) (m ) (m ) (m ) (m )
1 3.1000 0.225 1 0.6975 2.1125 1.47347 3.11270 0.002943 3.11565
2 0.1250 0.150 2 0.0375 1.925 0.07219 0.13896 0.000070 0.13903
3 0.1250 0.036 2 0.0045 1.838 0.00821 0.01508 0.000000 0.01508
4 0.750 2.000 1 1.5000 1.000 1.50000 1.50000 0.500000 2.00000
Total A = 2.239 m2
CG from
Centre (d'i)
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m2) (m) (m3) (m4) (m4) (m4)
1 0.225 3.100 1 0.6975 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.558581 0.55858
2 0.150 0.125 2 0.0375 0.438 0.00000 0.00718 0.000049 0.00723
3 0.036 0.125 2 0.0045 0.792 0.00000 0.00280 0.000004 0.00280
4 2.000 0.750 1 1.5000 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.070313 0.07031
Id. No. d b d/b k J0 = kb3d 1 0.225
(m) (m) (m4) 0.9760 2 0.186
1 3.1000 0.2250 13.778 0.333 0.01176
2 0.9760 0.1857 5.255 0.294 0.00184 3
1.814
3 1.8143 0.7500 2.419 0.253 0.19330 0.75
16 of 56
2.5.
3.100
1
Y
1 0.225
0.15 2 2
0.068 3 3
0.2375
D= 2.000 X 4 X
0.075 5 5
0.25 6 6
0.1125 0.525
0.75
Y
CG from
Bottom (d'i)
2 3 4 4 4
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m ) (m) (m ) (m ) (m ) (m )
1 3.100 0.225 1 0.6975 2.113 1.47347 3.11270 0.002943 3.11565
2 0.238 0.150 2 0.0713 1.925 0.13716 0.26403 0.000134 0.26416
3 0.238 0.068 2 0.0161 1.827 0.02945 0.05382 0.000004 0.05382
4 0.525 2.000 1 1.0500 1.000 1.05000 1.05000 0.350000 1.40000
5 0.113 0.075 2 0.0084 0.275 0.00232 0.00064 0.000003 0.00064
6 0.113 0.250 2 0.0563 0.125 0.00703 0.00088 0.000293 0.00117
CG from
Centre (d'i)
2 3 4 4 4
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m ) (m) (m ) (m ) (m ) (m )
1 0.225 3.100 1 0.6975 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.558581 0.55858
2 0.150 0.238 2 0.0713 0.381 0.00000 0.01036 0.000335 0.01069
3 0.068 0.238 2 0.0161 0.342 0.00000 0.00188 0.000051 0.00193
4 2.000 0.525 1 1.0500 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.024117 0.02412
5 0.075 0.113 2 0.0084 0.300 0.00000 0.00076 0.000006 0.00077
6 0.250 0.113 2 0.0563 0.319 0.00000 0.00572 0.000059 0.00577
Id. No. d b d/b k J0 = kb3d 1 0.225
(m) (m) 4
(m ) 0.9260 2 0.218
1 3.1000 0.2250 13.778 0.333 0.01176
2 0.9260 0.2179 4.251 0.284 0.00271
3 1.457
3 1.4571 0.5250 2.776 0.259 0.05460 0.525
4 0.7240 0.3250 2.228 0.244 0.00607
0.7240
17 of 56
2.6.
1.866
1 0.225
2 1.750
0.30

CG from 2 2
Bottom (d'i)
2 3 4 4 4
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m ) (m) (m ) (m ) (m ) (m )
1 1.8663 0.225 1 0.4199 1.863 0.78208 1.45662 0.001771 1.45839
2 0.3000 1.750 1 0.5250 0.875 0.45938 0.40195 0.133984 0.53594
4
CG from 2 2
Centre (d'i)
2 3 4 4 4
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m ) (m) (m ) (m ) (m ) (m )
1 0.225 1.866 1 0.4199 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.121874 0.12187
2 1.750 0.300 1 0.5250 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.003938 0.00394
(m) (m) (m4)
1 1.8663 0.2250 8.294 0.333 0.00708
2 1.7500 0.3000 5.833 0.295 0.01392
2.7.
1.308
1 0.225
2 1.750
0.45

CG from
Bottom (d'i)
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m2) (m) (m3) (m4) (m4) (m4)
1 1.3081 0.225 1 0.2943 1.863 0.54819 1.02100 0.001242 1.02224
2 0.4500 1.750 1 0.7875 0.875 0.68906 0.60293 0.200977 0.80391
CG from 2 2
Centre (d'i)
2 3 4 4 4
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m ) (m) (m ) (m ) (m ) (m )
1 0.225 1.308 1 0.2943 0.254 0.07478 0.01900 0.041971 0.06097
2 1.750 0.450 1 0.7875 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.013289 0.01329
(m) (m) (m4)
1 1.3081 0.2250 5.814 0.294 0.00439
2 1.7500 0.4500 3.889 0.279 0.04449
18 of 56
2
4
4
3 3 2 2
2
(if b>5d<10d) 3/{10x(1+(b/d) )}
J0 = kb3d
d/b k d/b k
1.00 0.141 3.00 0.263
1.20 0.166 4.00 0.281
1.50 0.196 5.00 0.291
2.00 0.229 10.00 0.312
2.25 0.240 >10.00 0.333
2.50 0.249
19 of 56
3.1 SIDL - Crash Barrier - per m 150 50 200
Sl No Area(m2) 200
a 0.45x0.165 0.074 1.856 0.225 0.418
b 1/2x(0.5+0.25)x0.05 0.019 0.469 0.033 0.016 500 f
c (0.5+0.25)x0.2 0.150 3.750 0.150 0.563 c
d 0.25x0.05 0.013 0.313 0.275 0.086 d
e 1/2x0.25x0.15 0.019 0.469 0.350 0.164 250 b
f 1/2x0.5x0.05 0.013 0.313 0.267 0.083 e 450
g 0.100 0.150 0.015 mm
Total 0.287 7.269 1.344 165 a
Say, = 7.5 kN/m 450
Distance from outer girder LG1 = (1.350+1.350)/2 -0.185-0.05 = 1.115 m 8.3631234
Distance from outer girder LG4 = (1.350+1.350)/2 -0.5-0.0-0.185-0.05 = 0.615 m 4.6131234
Weight of wearing course- per m

Width Lever arm
Outer girder LG4 = 2.600 m = 5.720 kN/m 0.45 m
B. Construction Stage Live Load with shuttering:
Live load during construction = 1.5 KN/m2
Construction Live load on External Girder = 3.1*1.5 = 4.650 KN/m
Construction Live load on Internal Girder = 3.5*1.5 = 5.25 KN/m
Shuttering Load on each girder = 2 KN/m
Total load on External Girder = 6.650 KN/m
Total load on Internal Girder = 7.25 KN/m
20 of 56
A1 = Solid area as seen in elevation. =31.36x(2.225+0.065+1.05) = 104.74 sqm
A3 = Plan area of the Superstructure =31.36x9.7 = 304.19 sqm
considered)

Vz (m/s) Pz (N/m2) Vz (m/s)
(m) Pz (N/m2)
10 27.8 463.7 17.8 190.5 < 10 39.6 940.6 25.4 386.4
15 29.2 512.5 19.6 230.5 15 41.6 1039.6 27.9 467.6
20 30.3 550.6 21 265.3 20 43.2 1116.9 29.9 538.2
30 31.4 590.2 22.8 312.2 30 44.7 1197.2 32.5 633.3
50 33.1 659.2 24.9 370.4 50 47.1 1337.2 35.5 751.3
60 33.6 676.3 25.6 392.9 60 47.9 1371.9 36.5 797.0
70 34.0 693.6 26.2 412.8 70 48.4 1406.9 37.3 837.4
80 34.4 711.2 26.9 433.3 80 49.0 1442.6 38.3 878.9
90 34.9 729.0 27.5 454.2 90 49.7 1478.8 39.2 921.3
100 35.3 747.0 28.2 475.6 100 50.3 1515.3 40.2 964.7
2
2
2
udl = 22.98 kN/m
21 of 56
(m) Vz (m/s) Pz (N/m2) Vz (m/s) Pz (N/m2) Vz (m/s) Pz (N/m2) Vz (m/s)
(m) Pz (N/m2)
10 27.8 463.7 17.8 190.5 < 10 30.33 551.84 19.42 226.71
15 29.2 512.5 19.6 230.5 15 31.85 609.92 21.38 274.31
20 30.3 550.6 21 265.3 20 33.05 655.26 22.91 315.73
30 31.4 590.2 22.8 312.2 30 34.25 702.39 24.87 371.54
50 33.1 659.2 24.9 370.4 50 36.11 784.50 27.16 440.81
60 33.6 676.3 25.6 392.9 60 36.65 804.85 27.93 467.58
70 34.0 693.6 26.2 412.8 70 37.09 825.44 28.58 491.27
80 34.4 711.2 26.9 433.3 80 37.53 846.39 29.35 515.66
90 34.9 729 27.5 454.2 90 38.07 867.57 30.00 540.54
100 35.3 747 28.2 475.6 100 38.51 888.99 30.76 566.00
2
2
Pz = The design wind pressure at the bridge location for h= 15.000 m 609.9 N/m2
udl = 13.48 kN/m
22 of 56
/ / 2
Where, P= P - (40L-300)/9 P= 500 Kg/m L= 29.86 m
2
W= 1.5 m P= 400.6 Kg/m
Distance from outer girder LG4 = (1.350+1.350)/2 -0.5-0.0/2 = 0.175 m
3.5 Live Load

27 27 114 114 68 68 68 68
1.1 3.2 1.2 4.3 3.0 3.0 3.0
18.80
Live Load Position
23 of 56
9.70
0.50 7.50 0.5
0.4
1.8 1.7 1.8
2.70 4.100 7.600

6.20
a) Temperature Rise
3500
17.3
150 A h1 =0.3h<0.15m = 150mm
75 B 4
175 C 1000 2.8 h2 =0.3h>0.1m = 250mm
-25 D <0.25m
100 E 650
F
1350 300 h= 2225 mm
150 G 525
100 H
150 I h3 =0.3h<0.15m = 150mm
2.1
750
y (m) from
top
A 3.5 0.15 0.5250 0.0750 0.0394 0.0030 -10.650 -5.5913 -0.4193
B 3.5 0.075 0.2625 0.1875 0.0492 0.0092 -3.400 -0.8925 -0.1673
C 1 0.175 0.1750 0.3125 0.0547 0.0171 1.400 0.2450 0.0766
D 1 -0.025 -0.0250 0.3875 -0.0097 -0.0038 0.000 0.0000 0.0000
E 0.65 0.1 0.0650 0.4250 0.0276 0.0117 0.000 0.0000 0.0000
F 0.3 1.35 0.4050 1.1500 0.4658 0.5356 0.000 0.0000 0.0000
G 0.525 0.15 0.0788 1.9000 0.1496 0.2843 0.000 0.0000 0.0000
H 0.75 0.1 0.0750 2.0250 0.1519 0.3075 0.000 0.0000 0.0000
I 0.75 0.15 0.1125 2.1500 0.2419 0.5200 -1.050 -0.1181 -0.2540
1.6738 1.1703 1.6847 -6.3569 -0.7641
E= Elastic Modulus of Concrete at service Condition = 3.5E+04 N/mm2
α = Coefficient of thermal coefficient of concrete = 1.2E-05 /0C
ε0 = Eigenstress
θ = Strain Gradient
Solving ε0 = αx{ΣAy xΣAt-ΣAyxΣAty}/{ΣAxΣAy -Σ(Ay)2}
2 2
-= 8.1E-05
y from top
(m)
Top of Deck slab 0.000 -17.30 0.00 -2.08E-04 4.45
Soffit of girder 2.225 -2.10 -1.13E-04 -2.52E-05 2.02
24 of 56
b) Temperature Fall
3500
10.6
225 A h1 =0.2h<0.25m = 250mm
25 B 1.69
125 C 1250 0.7 h2 =0.25h<0.25m = 250mm
125 D 775 0.350
-25 E
F
1250 300 h= 2225 mm
100 G 0.32 h3 =0.25h<0.25m = 250mm

150 H 525 0.8
250 I h4 =0.2h<0.25m = 250mm
6.6
750
y (m) from
top
A 3.5 0.225 0.7875 0.1125 0.0886 0.0100 6.1450 4.8392 0.5444
B 3.5 0.025 0.0875 0.2375 0.0208 0.0049 1.1950 0.1046 0.0248
C 1.25 0.125 0.1563 0.3125 0.0488 0.0153 0.5250 0.0820 0.0256
D 0.775 0.125 0.0969 0.4375 0.0424 0.0185 0.1750 0.0170 0.0074
E 0.775 -0.025 -0.0194 0.4875 -0.0094 -0.0046 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
F 0.3 1.25 0.3750 1.1000 0.4125 0.4538 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
G 0.3 0.1 0.0300 1.7750 0.0533 0.0945 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
H 0.525 0.15 0.0788 1.9000 0.1496 0.2843 0.4000 0.0315 0.0599
I 0.75 0.25 0.1875 2.1000 0.3938 0.8269 3.7000 0.6938 1.4569
Σ 1.7800 1.2003 1.7035 5.7680 2.1190
E= = 3.5E+04 N/mm2
α= = 1.2E-05 /0C
y from top
(m)
Top of Deck slab 0.000 10.60 0.00 1.27E-04 -2.55
Soffit of girder 2.225 6.60 5.29E-05 7.92E-05 -2.72
25 of 56
4.0 Calculation of Stresses for Girder LG1 (Outer) = 30.86 m
4.1. Load calculation
2
Cross-sectional area at span = 0.886 m
2
Cross-sectional area at support = 1.542 m
1.000 2.500 1.000
0.35 0.15
0.1 0.036
2 1.600 1.350
0.15
0.25
0.225 0.225
0.75 2.750 0.75
Part of intermediate cross girder {1x(2-0.25)-(0.89-0.75x0.25)}x0.3x25 = 7.88 kN
Part of End cross girder {1x(2-0.25)-(1.54-0.75x0.25)}x0.45x25 = 4.45 kN
= 4.45 kN
= 7.88 kN = 7.88 kN
38.55 38.55
22.16
0.500 2.00 2.00 21.86 2.00 2.00 0.500
0.500 29.860 0.500

10.0 30.860
Shear Force (kN) 387.9 250.1 173.3 44.1 0.0
2
Assume, Construction Live load = 0.500 kN/m
6.550
0.500 29.86 0.500

Distance 0.000 3.733 7.465 11.198 14.930
Shear 97.8 73.3 48.9 24.4 0.0
26 of 56
3
Unit weight of concrete = 25.000 kN/m
Wt. of End X-girder (2.5/2x(2-0.25))x0.45x25 = 24.609 kN
Wt of Inner X-girder (2.5/2x(2-0.25))x0.3x25 = 16.406 kN
= 24.609 = 16.406 = 24.609
0.525
17.438 13.56 kN/m
0.750 29.86 0.750


Distance 0.000 3.733 7.465 11.198 14.930
Shear 268.5 203.5 138.4 73.3 8.2
a) Bending Moment (kNm) 3.86 7.72 11.57 15.43
Distance 0.000 3.733 7.465 11.198 14.930
1 SEISMIC X DIR 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2 SEISMIC Y DIR 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
3 SEISMIC Z DIR 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Crash Baarrier 1.4 299.7 442.0 434.6 335.7
Total wt of deck slab = -11.8 2353.7 3935.0 4805.2 5012.8
Removal of shutter -96.4 -351.6 -595.5 -729.0 -756.9
Footpath live load 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00
Live load 505.4 1197.3 1737.4 1895.4 1873.8
Total Live Load 505.4 1197.3 1737.4 1895.4 1873.8
Wind load (loaded structure) -1.2 -158.3 -267.7 -327.0 -338.6
Total 505.4 1197.3 1737.4 1895.4 1873.8
1 SEISMIC X DIR 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2 SEISMIC Y DIR 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3 SEISMIC Z DIR 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Crash Baarrier 84.1 62.9 -20.5 -21.0 -38.2
Total DL 740.5 516.4 291.2 96.5 -30.0
Footpath live load 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.2875
Wind load (loaded structure) -48.7 -38.8 -25.6 -12.4 -2.4
Total 2686.8 1590.2 983.9 481.5 120.1
27 of 56
Transverse Vertical
Load Case DL SIDL Live load Wind load Long. Seismic
Seismic Seismic
1 1.35 1.75 1.5
2 (a) 1.35 1.75 1.5
2 (b) 1 1 1.5
3 (a) 1.35 1.75 1.5 0.9
3 (b) 1 1 1.5 0.9
4 (a) 1.35 1.75 1.15 1.5
4 (b) 1 1 1.15 1.5
5 (a) 1.35 1.75 1.35 0.9
5 (b) 1 1 1.35 0.9
7 (a) 1.35 1.75 0.2 1.5 0.45 0.45
7 (b) 1.35 1.75 0.2 0.45 1.5 0.45
7 (c) 1.35 1.75 0.2 0.45 0.45 1.5
7 (d) 1 1 0.2 1.5 0.45 0.45
7 (e) 1 1 0.2 0.45 1.5 0.45
7 (f) 1 1 0.2 0.45 0.45 1.5

1 908.9 5583.5 8955.0 10605.2 10909.0
2 (a) 149.1 3550.0 5947.3 7271.5 7590.4
2 (b) 81.7 2464.8 4125.8 5043.3 5265.5
3 (a) 907.9 5441.0 8714.1 10310.9 10604.3
3 (b) 840.6 4355.8 6892.6 8082.6 8279.3
4 (a) 730.3 4926.9 7945.4 9451.3 9745.3
4 (b) 663.0 3841.7 6123.9 7223.0 7420.3
5 (a) 832.1 5261.4 8453.5 10026.5 10323.2
5 (b) 764.8 4176.2 6632.0 7798.3 7998.2
7 (a) 251.9 4027.0 6696.4 8141.1 8473.1
7 (b) 251.9 4027.0 6696.4 8141.1 8473.1
7 (c) 251.9 4027.0 6696.4 8141.1 8473.1
7 (d) 184.6 2941.7 4874.9 5912.8 6148.1
7 (e) 184.6 2941.7 4874.9 5912.8 6148.1
7 (f) 184.6 2941.7 4874.9 5912.8 6148.1
Maximum 81.7 5583.5 8955.0 10605.2 10909.0

1 2004.1 1195.6 751.0 376.8 102.3
2 (a) 1112.6 788.5 454.7 162.2 -30.1
2 (b) 773.7 543.6 310.0 106.8 -25.6
3 (a) 1960.2 1160.7 728.0 365.7 100.1
3 (b) 1621.3 915.9 583.2 310.3 104.5
4 (a) 1740.1 1056.0 652.5 312.5 68.6
4 (b) 1401.1 811.2 507.7 257.1 73.1
5 (a) 1878.4 1125.8 702.2 346.1 87.2
5 (b) 1539.5 881.0 557.4 290.7 91.7
7 (a) 1294.9 893.2 527.5 206.9 -9.3
7 (b) 1294.9 893.2 527.5 206.9 -9.3
7 (c) 1294.9 893.2 527.5 206.9 -9.3
7 (d) 955.9 648.4 382.7 151.5 -4.8
7 (e) 955.9 648.4 382.7 151.5 -4.8
7 (f) 955.9 648.4 382.7 151.5 -4.8
Maximum 2004.1 1195.6 751.0 376.8 104.5
28 of 56
1(a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9
1(b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9
2 (a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9 1
2 (b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9 1
3 (a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9 1 0.6
3 (b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9 1 0.6
4 (a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9 0.75 1
4 (b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9 0.75 1
5 (a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9 1 0.6
5 (b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9 1 0.6
6 (a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9 0.75 1
6 (b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9 0.75 1
4.2 Cable Details

Maximum midspan Moment for outer girder =
Precast Girder Only = 2619.53 kN-m
Deck Slab & Cross Girder = 2057.55 kN-m
SIDL = 760.63 kN-m
Wind load = -203.15 kN-m
Live Load = 1873.77 kN-m
Total Moment = 7108.3 kN-m
Sectional Properties Inner Composite Girder at Midspan :-
Area - A = 1.584 m2
Moment of Inertia - I = 0.899 m4
CG from bottom = 1.492 m
Z Bottom = 0.603 m3
Assume Nos. of Cable = N
Ultimate Force of each 19T13 strands P = 3490 kN
Applied Force = 2733 kN
CG From bottom = 0.156 m
"e" from CG of Girder = 1.336 m
Assum overall Loss = 30 %
Stress at bottom of Girder = NP/A+NP*e/ZBottom-M/Zbottom = 0
N = (M/ZBottom)/(P/A+P*e/ZBottom) = 2.16
Say, No of Cables Provided = 3.63
29 of 56
4.2.1 Calculation of Friction & Slip loss
0.525
X X X 4 0.375
2
3 0.375
4 0.180 2 0.375
1 3 2 0.180 1 0.350
0.125
0.195 0.360 0.195
0.75 0.75
Section at Midspan Section at Support
0.50 14.930
Y
4.50
1 2 X 0.18
0.18
0.15 15.430
Cable profile in Plan

0.15
0.525
0.375
4
0.375 3
2
0.375 0.180
1 0.180
0.35 0.125
0.50 4.850 4.50 3.50 1.930
.
Cable profile in Elevation
Vertical bending of Cable 1 =Tan-1{(0.35-0.125)/(0.5+4.85-0.15)} = 2.478 o
Vertical bending of Cable 2 =Tan-1{(0.35+0.375-0.125-0.18)/(0.5+4.85+4.5-0.15)} = 3.540 o
Vertical bending of Cable 3 =Tan-1{(0.35+0.375+0.375-0.125-0.18-0.18)/(0.5+4.85+4.5+3.5-0.15)}= 4.224 o
Vertical bending of Cable 4 =Tan-1{(0.35+0.375+0.375+0.375-0.125-0.18-0.18)/(0.5+4.850+4.5+3.5-0.15)}= 5.065 o
Radius for 1 to 3 = 20 m
Position of Cable
Cable Anchorage Location of vertical Bending
No. X Y Z X Y Z
1 0.000 0.000 0.350 5.200 0.000 0.125
2 0.000 0.000 0.725 9.700 -0.180 0.125
3 0.000 0.000 1.10 13.200 0.000 0.125
4 0.000 0.000 1.475 13.200 0.000 0.305
5 0.000 0.000 2.00 13.200 0.000 0.485
Cableof Horizontal Bending

Start End of Horizontal Bending Midspan
No. X Y Z X Y Z X Y Z
1 5.200 0.000 0.125 9.700 0.180 0.125 15.280 0.180 0.125
2 5.200 0.000 0.403 9.700 -0.180 0.125 15.280 -0.180 0.125
3 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 15.280 0.000 0.125
4 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 15.280 0.000 0.305
5 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 15.280 0.000 0.485
30 of 56
C.G. of Cables from Bottom of girder at different Locations
Cable No 0.350 4.083 7.815 11.548 15.280 Distance from
Cable 1 0.335 0.173 0.125 0.125 0.125 Anchorage End
Cable 2 0.703 0.472 0.242 0.125 0.125
Cable 3 1.074 0.798 0.523 0.125 0.125
Cable 4 1.444 1.113 0.782 0.451 0.305
Cable 5 1.960 1.531 1.103 0.675 0.485
Friction & Slip Loss

Type of Tendon = 19T/13
2
Modulous of Elasticity (E) = 195 Gpa = 1.95E+08 kN/m
Refer figure 6.3, clause no.7.9.2, table no. 18.4 of IRC 112-2011
Cross Sectional Area(A) = 1877 mm2
Ultimate Force of each 19T13 strands (Breaking load each strand =183.7 kN) = 3490.30 kN
Applied Force -P(je) = (90% of 0.1% proof load = =0.9*0.87*183.7) = 2733 kN
Cofficient of Friction (µ) = 0.17 per radian
Wobble factor (k) = 0.002 per meter
Slip (∆L) = 6 mm.
P(je)=P(x)e (µφ+kl) or P(x)=P(je)/e (µφ+kl)
Cable 1 19 T13
Length (l) in
Node Link
meter
Degree (kN) (kN)
1 2732.90 2467.25
1-2 5.205 0.00 0.000 1.0105
2 2704.60 2495.55
2-3 4.504 3.848 0.067 1.0206
3 2649.93 2550.22
3-4 5.580 2.944 0.051 1.0201
4 2597.73 2597.73
31 of 56
5.205 4.504 5.580
2732.90 2704.60 2649.93
1 2 3 2597.73
= 4
= 2550.22 2600.07
5.329
2467.25 2495.55
Hence O.K.
Cable 2 19 T13
Length (l) in
Node Link
meter
Angle (φ) e (µφ+kl) friction loss slip loss
Degree (kN) (kN)
1 2732.90 2461.44
1-2 5.210 0.00 0.000 1.0105
2 2704.58 2489.77
2-3 4.512 4.604 0.080 1.0229
3 2643.92 2550.43
3-4 5.580 2.944 0.051 1.0201
4 2591.83 2591.83
5.210 4.512 5.580
2732.90 2704.58
1 2 2643.92 2591.83
= 3
= 2597.17 4
2489.77 2550.43
2461.44 5.008
Hence O.K.
Extension of cable = 117.57 mm
32 of 56
Cable 3 19 T13
Length (l) in
Node Link
meter
Degree (kN) (kN)
1 2732.90 2502.00
1-2 13.236 0.00 0.000 1.0268
2 2661.51 2573.39
2-3 1.930 4.224 0.074 1.0165
3 2618.23 2618.23
13.236 1.930
2732.90 2661.51
1 2 2618.23
= 3
= 2617.45
2573.39 1.930
2502.00
Hence O.K.
Cable 4 12 T13
Length (l) in
Node Link
meter
Degree (kN) (kN)
1 1726.05 1579.84
1-2 13.252 0.00 0.000 1.0269
2 1680.90 1624.99
2-3 1.930 5.065 0.088 1.0191
3 1649.45 1649.45
13.252 1.930
1726.05 1680.90
1 2 1649.45
= 3
= 1652.94
1624.99 1.715
1579.84
Hence O.K.
33 of 56
4.2.2 Summary of Cable Forces after Friction & Slip at different Points
Cable No 0.350 4.083 7.815 11.548 15.280
Cable 1 2469.15 2489.44 2527.24 2565.88 2597.73
Vert. angle 2.478 2.478 2.478 0.000 0.000
Hor. angle 0.000 0.000 2.944 0.000 0.000
C.G. 0.335 0.173 0.125 0.125 0.125
Cable 2 2463.34 2483.64 2524.79 2563.98 2591.83
Vert. angle 3.540 3.540 3.540 0.000 0.000
Hor. angle 0.000 0.000 2.944 2.944 0.000
C. G. 0.703 0.472 0.242 0.125 0.125
Cable 3 2503.88 2524.02 2544.15 2564.29 2618.23
Vert. angle 4.224 4.224 4.224 4.224 0.000
Hor. angle 0.000 0.000 0.180 0.180 0.000
C. G. 1.074 0.798 0.523 0.125 0.125
Total cable
forces 7422.57 7483.18 7575.42 7683.78 7807.79
Normal at
CG of Cable 0.706 0.483 0.297 0.125 0.125
Total cable
forces Per. 443.26 446.88 452.18 188.89 0.00
Cable 4 1581.03 1593.75 1606.47 1619.18 1649.45
Vert. angle 5.065 5.065 5.065 5.065 0.000
Hor. angle 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
C. G. 1.444 1.113 0.782 0.451 0.305
Total cable
forces 2nd 1574.86 1587.53 1600.19 1612.86 1649.45
stage
CG of Cable 1.444 1.113 0.782 0.451 0.305
Total cable
forces Per.
139.59 140.71 141.84 142.96 0.00
Overall
CG of 0.835 0.593 0.382 0.182 0.156
% loss 9.1 % 8.4 % 7.3 % 6.2 % 4.7 %
34 of 56
4.2.3 Length of Cables and Extension at each End
Cable No Total Length
Extension at each End
(m) (mm)
Cable 1 30.577 117.59
Cable 2 30.604 117.57
Cable 3 30.332 117.45
Cable 4 30.364 117.54
4.3 Stress Calculation of girder
Second stage Cables shall be stressed after 28 days of casting of precast girder. After that all Precast Girders
shall be erected at bearing locations and Deck slab & X-Girder shall be cast erecting necessary shuttering from
precast girder at 60 days. After 30 days casting of Deck Slab i.e. after 90 days casting of Precast Girder,
all shuttering material shall be removed and SIDL shall be laid. In such case Precast Longitudinal Girder shall be
checked for DL of Precast Girder, wt of Deck slab, wt of X-girder at 60 days. But composite girder
(precast girder+RCC deck) shall be checked for SIDL & Live load cases.
4.3.1 Loss calculation
4.3.1.1 Loss due to Elastic Shortening
Refer clause no.6.4.2.2, Annexure A-2 of IRC 112-2011 Average loss in Cable Stress = 1/2 m f c
f cm (t) = βcc(t)f cm βcc(t) = exp{S[1-(28/(t/t1)0^0.5]}
f ck = Grade of concrete = M 50
f cm (t) = mean concrete compressive strength at age 't' days
f cm = mean concrete compressive strength at age '28' days = 60 Mpa
t = Age of concrete in days = 14 days
t1 = 1 day S = 0.25
βcc(t) = 0.90 f cm (t) = 54.10 Mpa
f ck (t) = 44.10 Mpa
corresponding Ecm = 22x(f cm/12.5)^0.3 = 34.14 Gpa
Ep = 195.00 Gpa m =Modular Ratio = Ec/Ecj = 5.71
To calculate average stress fc at CG of Cables due to Prestress and
Depth of Girder = 2.000 m Assume, Elastic Shortening = 72.22 kN/Cable
2.64 %
2
Area of each Cable = 1877.20 mm Number of cables (cable 1 to 3) = 3.00 Nos
2 2
Area = 0.886 m Area = 1.542 m
4 4
I= 0.417 m I= 0.534 m
CG = 1.004 m CG = 1.025 m
Sustained Stress of precast girder only at 14 days :-
SectionCable Force (kN) Cable CG Stress Dead Load Dead Load Total Stress at

slip loss & ES loss
T 0.47 -0.01 0.47
End 7422.57 7205.92 0.706 -4.82 6.05
B 9.09 0.01 9.10
T -0.86 2.82 1.97
L/8 7483.18 7266.53 0.483 1181.46 11.46
B 17.33 -2.85 14.48
T -4.13 4.74 0.61
L/4 7575.42 7358.77 0.297 1982.56 13.77
B 20.84 -4.78 16.06
T -7.26 5.89 -1.37
3L/8 7683.78 7467.13 0.125 2465.19 17.07
B 24.24 -5.94 18.30
T -7.38 6.26 -1.12
L/2 7807.79 7591.15 0.125 2619.53 17.12
B 24.65 -6.31 18.33
35 of 56
Average stress fc = (6.05+2x(11.46+13.77+17.07)+17.12)/8 = 13.47 Mpa
Average Loss of cable stress = 1/2 m fc = 38.47 Mpa
Loss of each cable due to Elastic shortening = 1/2 m fc As = 72.22 kN
-7.38 Mpa 6.26 Mpa -1.12 Mpa
> -2.26
Mpa
X X
+ = < 25.97
Mpa
Hence O.K.
24.65 Mpa -6.31 Mpa 18.33 Mpa

Precast 1st stage Stress due to Stress at 7
Girder stressing after DL of Girder days
Permissible Compressive stress 0.48xfcm(t) = 25.97 MPa
4.3.1.2 Loss due to Relaxation of Steel (clause no. 6.3.6 of IRC 112-2011)
Total Relaxation Loss at service condition = 3 x (1000 hr. value)
Initial force after Friction, slip & ES loss (7206+2x(7267+7359+7467)+7591)/8 = 7372.74 kN
Percentage of Initial force = 0.704 UTS
Relaxation Loss at 1000hr. for low relaxation steel = 2.58 % of initial force
Relaxation Loss at 1000hr. for low relaxation steel 7372.74/3x2.58/100 = 63.46 kN/Cable
Immediate Loss i.e 1 hr. of stressing as per Table 6.2 of IRC 112-2011, = 37 % of Total Loss
60 - 90 days Loss 30 days = 0.00 % of Total Loss
90 - α days Loss = 200.0 % of Total Loss
i.e. 3 x (1000 hr. value)
Immediate Loss i.e 1 hr. of stressing = 23.48 kN/Cable
90-α days Loss = 126.93 kN/Cable
190.390 6.97 %
4.3.1.3 Computation of shrinkage strain (clause no. 6.4.2.6, IRC:112 - 2011)

Total shrinkage strain, εcs = εcd + εc a
Where, εcd is drying shrinkage strain and εca is autogenous shrinkage strain
Maximum Autogenous shrinkage strain εca = 0.00008 (refer table 6.6 of IRC:112 - 2011)
The development of autogenous shrinkage with time εc a(t) = βas(t) x εc a
Where, βas(t) = 1-esp{-0.2sqrt(t)} where t is in days.
The development of dying shrinkage strain in time εcd(t) = βds(t,ts) * kh x εcd
Where, βds(t,ts) = (t-ts)/[(t-ts)+0.04sqrt(ho^3) End of curing of concrete t s = 14.00 day
kh is a coefficient depending on notional size ho
Precast Girder only
C/S area of girder at span A c = 0.886 m2 Perimeter in contact with air u = 6.519 m
Nominal size of precast member h 0=2Ac/u
= 271.90 mm
Composite Girder
C/S area of comp. girder at span A c
= 1.674 m2 Perimeter in contact with air u = 11.969 m
Nominal size of member h0=2Ac/u = 279.68 mm
The drying shrinkage strain ε cd,0 =0.85*((220+110*αds1)*EXP(-αds2*fcm/fcm,o))*βRH/10^6 = 0.0003
Coefficient αds1 (normal cement) = 4.0 Coefficient α ds2 (normal cement) = 0.12
The coefficient β RH = 1.55 x [1-RH/Rho]^3 = 1.02 fcmo = 12.50
Relative humidity of enviroment RH = 70.0 % RHo = 100 %
36 of 56
These are expected mean values, with a coefficient of variation of about 30 percent.
Loss of Prestress due to creep, shrinkage and relaxation as per Euro code
∆Pc+s+r = AP + ∆σPc+s+r = Ap * (εcs*EP+0.8*∆Pr+EP/Ecm*φ(t,to)*σcQP)
1+EP/Ecm*AP/Ac*(1+Ac/Ic*Zcp^2)*(1+0.8*φ(t,to))
Development of shrinkage of concrete
Autogenous Nominal size of Drying
Shrinkage Loss due to
Days shrinkage member h0 shrinkage kh
strain shrinkage
factor β as(t) (mm) factor β as(t)
14 0.000 0 0.000 0.000 0.000000 0.00
28 0.653 272 0.072 0.778 0.000072 25.37
60 0.788 280 0.204 0.770 0.000125 18.28
90 0.850 280 0.298 0.770 0.000159 12.16
36500 1.000 280 0.995 0.770 0.000395 82.44
Total 138.245 5.06 %
4.3.1.4 Computation of creep coefficients (clause no. 6.4.2.7, IRC:112 - 2011)

The creep coefficient φ(t,to) = φo x βc(t,to) as per A2-14of IRC:112 - 2011
Where, φo = φRH x β(fcm) x β(to)
φRH = 1+(1-RH/100)/{0.1*(ho)^1/3} for fcm <= 45MPa
φRH = [1+(1-RH/100)/{0.1*(ho)^1/3} x α1] x α2 for fcm > 45MPa
The coefficient β(fcm) = 18.78/sqrt(fcm) = 2.42
The coefficient β (t0) = 1/(0.1+to^0.2) = 0.56
Where, age of concrete at first loading t 0 = 14 day
βc(t,to) =[(t-to)/(βH +t-to)]^0.3
βH = = 1.5 x [1+(0.012RH)^18] x ho + 250 <= 1500 for fcm <= 35MPa
= 1.5 x [1+(0.012RH)^18] x ho + 250α3 <= 1500α3 for fcm <= 35MPa
For temperature greater than 40oC theby 10% in absence of accurate data coefficient may be increased by 10%
in absence of accurate data. This is valid for concrete using normal cement.
Development of creep
Loss due to
Creep
Days h0 (mm) φRH φo βH β c(t,to) creep of
coeff. φo concrete
14 0 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.00
28 272 1.29 1.738 639.02 0.316 0.604 83.38
60 280 1.28 1.734 651.19 0.442 0.844 36.30
90 280 1.28 1.734 651.19 0.508 0.969 13.63
36500 280 1.28 1.734 651.19 0.995 1.897 97.77
Total 231.07 8.46 %
37 of 56
4.3.2 Sustained Stress of precast girder at 28 days after stressing of cable
Total Loss for 3 Cables = 476.66 kN
f ck for 28 days strength = M 50 Modulus of elasticity E 35220 MPa
m =Modular Ratio = Ecm/Ecj = 5.54
Stressing of cable no. 4
Elastic Shortening = 13.85 kN/Cable Nomber of cables 0.632 Nos
Relaxation = 23.48 kN/Cable Depth of Girder 2m
2 2
Area = 0.886 m Area = 1.542 m
4 4
I= 0.417 m I= 0.534 m
CG = 1.004 m CG = 1.025 m
Stress at loss bet. 5 Cable CG Stress dueCable Force (kN) Cable CG Stress Total Stress at
Section
slip loss & ES loss
T 0.47 -0.03 2.19 2.62
End -518.20 0.706 1574.86 1551.28 1.444 6.23
B 9.10 -0.65 -0.24 8.20
T 1.97 0.06 2.17 4.20
L/8 -518.20 0.483 1587.53 1563.95 1.113 12.09
B 14.48 -1.24 1.35 14.60
T 0.61 0.29 0.94 1.84
L/4 -518.20 0.297 1600.19 1576.62 0.782 14.93
B 16.06 -1.47 2.62 17.22
T -1.37 0.50 -0.31 -1.17
3L/8 -518.20 0.125 1612.86 1589.28 0.451 19.17
B 18.30 -1.68 3.91 20.53
T -1.12 0.50 -0.88 -1.50
L/2 -518.20 0.125 1649.45 1625.87 0.305 19.81
B 18.33 -1.68 4.57 21.23
Loss of cable stress = m (fc-fc') = 7.38 Mpa
Loss of each cable due to Elastic shortening = m fc As = 13.85 kN
-1.12 Mpa 0.50 Mpa -0.88 Mpa -1.17 Mpa

> -2.46
Mpa
+ + =
< 25.00
Mpa
18.33 Mpa -1.68 Mpa 4.57 Mpa 21.23 Mpa Hence O.K.
Stress at 5 loss between to stressing Stress at 28
Permissible Compressive stress 0.5xfcm = 25.00 MPa

38 of 56
4.3.3. Sustained Stress of precast girder at 60 days after Casting of Deck with X-Girder
Losses for first 3 cables:- Losses for last 1.474 cable:-
Shrinkage = 18.28 kN/Cable Shrinkage = 18.28 kN/Cable
Relaxation = 13.33 kN/Cable Relaxation = 39.98 kN/Cable
Creep = 36.30 kN/Cable Creep = 36.30 kN/Cable
Total = 67.90 kN/Cable Total = 94.55 kN/Cable
actual time dependent losses = 67.90 kN/Cable actual time dependent losses = 94.55 kN/Cable
Total Loss of 4 Cables = 263.42 kN Actual Loss of third Cables = 59.72 kN
2 2
Area = 0.886 m Area = 1.542 m
4 4
I= 0.417 m I= 0.534 m
CG = 1.004 m CG = 1.025 m
Stress at loss bet. Cable CG Stress due Moment Stress Total Stress at
Section 28 days 28 - 60 from soffit to loss Total Stress due to slab due to slab Stress cable CG
(kN/m2) days (kN) (m) (Mpa) (kN/m )
2
(kN-m) (Mpa) (Mpa) (Mpa)
Top of girder 2.62 -0.08 2.54 -0.02 2.53
End -263.42 0.835 -9.19 5.69
Bottom 8.20 -0.27 7.93 0.02 7.95
Top of girder 4.20 -0.04 4.16 2.85 7.01
L/8 -263.42 0.593 1191.07 9.94
Bottom 14.60 -0.56 14.04 -2.87 11.17
Top of girder 1.84 0.09 1.94 4.92 6.85
L/4 -263.42 0.382 2057.14 10.67
Bottom 17.22 -0.69 16.52 -4.96 11.57
Top of girder -1.17 0.22 -0.95 6.19 5.24
3L/8 -263.42 0.182 2589.03 12.72
Bottom 20.53 -0.82 19.71 -6.24 13.47
Top of girder -1.50 0.24 -1.27 6.66 5.40
L/2 -263.42 0.156 2786.74 13.03
Bottom 21.23 -0.84 20.39 -6.72 13.67
-1.50 Mpa 0.24 Mpa 6.66 Mpa 5.40 Mpa
> -2.46
Mpa
+ + =
< 25.00
Mpa
21.23 Mpa -0.84 Mpa -6.72 Mpa 13.67 Mpa Hence O.K.
Stress at loss between to DL of Slab Stress at 60
39 of 56
4.3.4 Sustained stress of composite girder at 90 days
After 30 days casting of Deck Slab i.e.after 90 days casting of Precast Girder, Shuttering to be removed and
Apply of SIDL shall be done.
fck for precast girder at 90 days of Concrete I.e. 100% of fc = 50 Mpa
Ecj = 35.2 Gpa Es = 195 Gpa
m =Modular Ratio = Ec/Ecj = 5.54
2
Area of each Cable = 1877.20 mm
Depth of Composite Girder = 2.225 m
Thickness of deck slab = 225 mm
Sectional Properties of Composite Girder at Midspan = Sectional Properties of Composite Girder at Support =
2 2
Area = 1.584 m Area = 2.239 m
4 4
I= 0.899 m I= 1.105 m
CG = 1.492 m CG = 1.364 m
Total Stress
Stress due Loss of CG of Cables Stress due Moment due due to Total Stress at
Section Cables to loss SIDL Stress cable CG
at 60 days from soffit to SIDL
(Mpa) (kN) (m) (Mpa) (kN-m) (Mpa) (Mpa) (Mpa)
Top of slab 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Top of girder 2.53 -0.01 -1.12 0.00 2.51
End -93.66 0.835 5.62
Bottom 7.95 -0.10 0.00 7.85
Top of slab 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01
Top of girder 7.01 -0.01 -3.03 0.00 7.00
L/8 -93.66 0.593 9.80
Bottom 11.17 -0.20 0.01 10.98
Top of slab 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.02
Top of girder 6.85 0.00 -3.13 0.00 6.85
L/4 -93.66 0.382 10.48
Bottom 11.57 -0.23 0.01 11.34
Top of slab 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.04
Top of girder 5.24 0.01 -0.50 0.00 5.25
3L/8 -93.66 0.182 12.49
Bottom 13.47 -0.26 0.00 13.21
Top of slab 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.05
Top of girder 5.40 0.01 3.77 0.00 5.41
L/2 -93.66 0.156 12.78
Bottom 13.67 -0.27 -0.01 13.40
Average stress at 90 days = (5.62+2x(9.8+10.48+12.49)+12.78)/8 = 10.49 Mpa
0.00 Mpa 0.04 0.00 Mpa 0.05 Mpa
5.40 0.01 Mpa 0.00 5.41 Mpa
Mpa Mpa
+ + =
13.67 -0.27 Mpa -0.01 Mpa 13.40 Mpa

Loss of
Resultant Cables Resultant
Stress at between 60 Stress due to SIDL Stress at 90
60 days to 90 days days
Stress Diagram at Midspan of Composite Girder at 90 days
40 of 56
4.3.5 Sustained Stress of composite girder at α days :-
Total Stress
Total Stress Loss bet. CG of Cables Stress due at α days Stress at
Section at 90 days 90 days-α from soffit to loss without live cable CG
(Mpa) days (kN) (m) (Mpa) load (Mpa) (Mpa)
Top of slab 0.00 -0.04 -0.04
Top of girder 2.51 -0.16 2.36
End -1115.36 0.835 4.84
Bottom 7.85 -1.23 6.62
Top of slab 0.01 0.11 0.12
Top of girder 7.00 -0.14 6.86
L/8 -1115.36 0.593 8.09
Bottom 10.98 -2.37 8.61
Top of slab 0.02 0.31 0.33
Top of girder 6.85 0.00 6.85
L/4 -1115.36 0.382 8.25
Bottom 11.34 -2.76 8.58
Top of slab 0.04 0.49 0.53
Top of girder 5.25 0.12 5.37
3L/8 -1115.36 0.182 9.65
Bottom 13.21 -3.13 10.08
Top of slab 0.05 0.51 0.56
Top of girder 5.41 0.14 5.55
L/2 -1115.36 0.156 9.86
Bottom 13.40 -3.18 10.22
Average stress at α days = (4.84+2x(8.09+8.25+9.65)+9.86)/8 = 8.34 Mpa
0.05 Mpa 0.51 0.56 Mpa
5.41 Mpa 0.14 Mpa 5.55 Mpa < 18 Mpa
Mpa Hence O.K.
+ =
13.40 Mpa -3.18 Mpa 10.22 Mpa > -1.64 Mpa

Hence O.K.
Resultant Loss of Resultant
Stress at Cables inbet. Stress at α
90 days 90 to α days days
Stress Diagram at Midspan of Composite Girder with SIDL without Live Load at α days
41 of 56
4.3.6 Stress of composite girder due to live load
Total Live Total Stress
Total Stress Load Moment Stress due Stress due to at α days
Section
without live incl snow 0.6 x Wind to Live Load wind Load with live load
load (Mpa) load(kN-m) load (kN-m) (Mpa) (Mpa) (Mpa)
Top of slab -0.04 0.39 0.00 0.35
Top of girder 2.36 505.43 -0.69 0.29 0.00 2.65
End
Bottom 6.62 -0.62 0.00 6.00
Top of slab 0.12 0.98 -0.08 1.02
Top of girder 6.86 1197.32 -94.99 0.68 -0.05 7.48
L/8
Bottom 8.61 -1.99 0.16 6.78
Top of slab 0.33 1.42 -0.13 1.61
Top of girder 6.85 1737.45 -160.61 0.98 -0.09 7.74
L/4
Bottom 8.58 -2.88 0.27 5.96
Top of slab 0.53 1.54 -0.16 1.91
Top of girder 5.37 1895.45 -196.19 1.07 -0.11 6.33
3L/8
Bottom 10.08 -3.15 0.33 7.26
Top of slab 0.56 1.53 -0.17 1.92
Top of girder 5.55 1873.77 -203.15 1.06 -0.11 6.49
L/2
Bottom 10.22 -3.11 0.34 7.45
0.56 Mpa 1.53 Mpa 1.92 Mpa

5.55 Mpa 1.06 6.49 Mpa < 18.00 Mpa
Mpa Hence O.K.
+ =
10.22 Mpa -3.11 Mpa 7.45 Mpa > -1.64 Mpa

Resultant Resultant
Stress at Stress due to
Stress at α
Live Load Hence O.K.
α days days
Stress Diagram at Midspan of Composite Girder with SIDL & Live Load at α days
4.3.7 Summary of Stresses for Precast girder only

Sectional Properties of Precast Girder
Precast Girder Midspan Support Composite Girder Midspan Support
Area = 0.886 1.542 m2 Area = 1.584 2.239 m
2
I= 0.417 0.534 m4 I= 0.899 1.105 m4

CG = 1.004 1.025 m CG = 1.492 1.364 m
Z Top of slab = 1.227 1.283 m3
Z Top = 0.418 0.548 m 3 Z Top = 1.771 1.737 m
3
Zbottom = 0.415 0.521 m3 Zbottom = 0.603 0.811 m3
42 of 56
Section
DL of girder+ deck slab Prestressing force & Loss SIDL
Loss of
Moment Stress Prestress CG of cables Loss of pre. Stress Moment Stress
comp. girder
(kN-m) (Mpa) (kN) (m) Girder (kN) (Mpa) (kN-m) (Mpa)
(kN)
Top of slab -0.05 0.07
Top of girder -0.02 2.27 0.05
End -11.79 8997.43 0.835 -758.43 -1532.15 95.26
Bottom 0.02 6.66 -0.12
Top of girder 5.63 1.02 0.20
L/8 2353.69 9070.71 0.593 -758.43 -1532.15 348.59
Bottom -5.67 14.36 -0.58
Top of girder 9.40 -3.03 0.33
L/4 3935.03 9175.61 0.382 -758.43 -1532.15 592.33
Bottom -9.48 18.33 -0.98
Top of girder 11.48 -6.98 0.41
3L/8 4805.21 9296.64 0.182 -758.43 -1532.15 728.54
Bottom -11.58 22.26 -1.21
Top of girder 11.98 -7.62 0.43
L/2 5012.76 9457.24 0.156 -758.43 -1532.15 760.63
Bottom -12.08 23.22 -1.26
Section Live load Wind load - loaded structure Temp (+ve) Temp (-ve)
Moment Stress Moment (kN- Stress Stress Stress
(kN-m) (Mpa) m) (Mpa) (Mpa) (Mpa)
Top of slab 0.39 0.00 4.45 -2.55
Top of girder 0.29 0.00 -1.27 1.03
End 505.43 -0.69
Bottom -0.62 0.00 2.02 -2.72
Top of slab 0.98 -0.08 4.45 -2.55
Top of girder 0.68 -0.05 -1.27 1.03
L/8 1197.32 -94.99
Bottom -1.99 0.16 2.02 -2.72
Top of slab 1.42 -0.13 4.45 -2.55
Top of girder 0.98 -0.09 -1.27 1.03
L/4 1737.45 -160.61
Bottom -2.88 0.27 2.02 -2.72
Top of slab 1.54 -0.16 4.45 -2.55
Top of girder 1.07 -0.11 -1.27 1.03
3L/8 1895.45 -196.19
Bottom -3.15 0.33 2.02 -2.72
Top of slab 1.53 -0.17 4.45 -2.55
Top of girder 1.06 -0.11 -1.27 1.03
L/2 1873.77 -203.15
Bottom -3.11 0.34 2.02 -2.72
43 of 56
a) Load combination
Load
1 (a) 1 (b) 2 (a) 2 (b) 3 (a) 3 (b) 4 (a) 4 (b) 5 (a)
Case
DL 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
SIDL 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2
Prestress 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
Live load 1 1 0.75 0.75 1
Wind load
0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 1 1
Temp
(+ve) 0.6
Temp (-
ve)
Load
5 (b) 5 (c) 5 (d) 6 (a) 6 (b) 6 (c) 6 (d)
Case
DL 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
SIDL 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1
Prestress 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
Live load 1 1 1 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75
Wind load
Temp
(+ve) 0.6 1 1
Temp (-
ve) 0.6 0.6 1 1
Load
7 (a) 7 (b) 8 (a) 8 (b) 9 (a) 9 (b) 10 (a) 10 (b) 11 (a)
Case
DL 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
SIDL 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2
Prestress 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
Live load 1 1 0.75 0.75 1
Wind load
0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 1 1
Temp
(+ve) 0.6
Temp (-
ve)
Load
11 (b) 11 (c) 11 (d) 12 (a) 12 (b) 12 (c) 12 (d)
Case
DL 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
SIDL 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1
Prestress 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
Live load 1 1 1 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75
Wind load
Temp
(+ve) 0.6 1 1
Temp (-
ve) 0.6 0.6 1 1
44 of 56
Top of slab 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.44 0.42 0.34 0.32 3.11
Top of girder 2.09 2.07 2.09 2.07 2.38 2.37 2.30 2.29 1.61
End
Bottom 5.88 5.90 5.88 5.90 5.26 5.28 5.41 5.44 6.47
Top of slab 0.48 0.42 0.43 0.38 1.41 1.35 1.14 1.08 4.13
Top of girder 6.78 6.74 6.75 6.71 7.43 7.39 7.24 7.20 6.69
L/8
Bottom 6.56 6.67 6.65 6.77 4.66 4.78 5.22 5.34 5.78
Top of slab 0.96 0.86 0.88 0.78 2.29 2.20 1.89 1.79 5.04
Top of girder 7.08 7.01 7.03 6.96 8.01 7.94 7.72 7.66 7.30
L/4
Bottom 5.84 6.03 5.99 6.19 3.11 3.31 3.94 4.14 4.16
Top of slab 1.31 1.20 1.22 1.10 2.76 2.64 2.31 2.19 5.53
Top of girder 5.69 5.61 5.63 5.55 6.70 6.62 6.39 6.30 6.00
3L/8
Bottom 7.00 7.24 7.20 7.44 4.05 4.29 4.97 5.21 5.07
Top of slab 1.37 1.25 1.28 1.15 2.80 2.68 2.35 2.23 5.57
Top of girder 5.64 5.55 5.57 5.48 6.63 6.54 6.32 6.23 5.93
L/2
Bottom 7.30 7.56 7.51 7.76 4.40 4.65 5.31 5.56 5.41
Top of slab 3.09 -1.09 -1.11 4.79 4.77 -2.21 -2.22 4.79 -2.22
Top of girder 1.60 3.00 2.98 1.03 1.02 3.33 3.32 3.33 1.02
End
Bottom 6.49 3.62 3.65 7.43 7.46 2.69 2.72 7.46 2.69
Top of slab 4.07 -0.07 -0.13 5.66 5.61 -1.33 -1.39 5.66 -1.39
Top of girder 6.66 8.08 8.04 6.02 5.98 8.32 8.28 8.32 5.98
L/8
Bottom 5.90 2.94 3.06 7.09 7.20 2.35 2.46 7.20 2.35
Top of slab 4.95 0.84 0.75 6.47 6.37 -0.53 -0.62 6.47 -0.62
Top of girder 7.23 8.68 8.61 6.54 6.48 8.85 8.78 8.85 6.48
L/4
Bottom 4.36 1.32 1.52 5.69 5.89 0.95 1.15 6.19 0.95
Top of slab 5.41 1.33 1.21 6.92 6.81 -0.07 -0.19 6.92 -0.19
Top of girder 5.92 7.38 7.30 5.22 5.14 7.53 7.45 7.53 5.14
3L/8
Bottom 5.31 2.22 2.47 6.66 6.90 1.92 2.16 7.44 1.92
Top of slab 5.45 1.37 1.25 6.97 6.85 -0.03 -0.15 6.97 -0.15
Top of girder 5.85 7.31 7.23 5.16 5.07 7.46 7.38 7.46 5.07
L/2
Bottom 5.66 2.56 2.82 6.99 7.25 2.25 2.51 7.76 2.25
Top of slab 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.42 0.41 0.33 0.31 3.10
Top of girder 2.54 2.53 2.54 2.53 2.83 2.82 2.76 2.75 2.07
End
Bottom 7.21 7.23 7.21 7.23 6.59 6.61 6.74 6.77 7.80
Top of slab 0.51 0.45 0.47 0.41 1.44 1.38 1.17 1.11 4.16
Top of girder 6.99 6.95 6.95 6.92 7.63 7.59 7.44 7.40 6.90
L/8
Bottom 9.43 9.54 9.52 9.64 7.54 7.65 8.10 8.21 8.66
Top of slab 1.04 0.94 0.96 0.87 2.38 2.28 1.97 1.87 5.13
Top of girder 6.47 6.41 6.42 6.35 7.40 7.33 7.12 7.05 6.69
L/4
Bottom 9.50 9.70 9.66 9.86 6.78 6.97 7.60 7.80 7.83
Top of slab 1.45 1.33 1.35 1.23 2.90 2.78 2.45 2.33 5.66
Top of girder 4.30 4.22 4.23 4.15 5.30 5.22 4.99 4.91 4.60
3L/8
Bottom 11.45 11.69 11.65 11.89 8.50 8.74 9.42 9.66 9.52
45 of 56
Top of slab 1.51 1.39 1.42 1.29 2.94 2.82 2.49 2.37 5.71
Top of girder 4.11 4.03 4.04 3.96 5.10 5.02 4.79 4.71 4.41
L/2
Bottom 11.95 12.20 12.15 12.40 9.04 9.29 9.95 10.21 10.05
Top of slab 3.08 -1.10 -1.12 4.78 4.76 -2.22 -2.23 4.78 -2.23
Top of girder 2.06 3.45 3.44 1.48 1.47 3.79 3.78 3.79 1.47
End
Bottom 7.82 4.96 4.98 8.77 8.79 4.03 4.05 8.79 4.03
Top of slab 4.10 -0.04 -0.10 5.69 5.64 -1.30 -1.36 5.69 -1.36
Top of girder 6.86 8.28 8.24 6.22 6.18 8.53 8.49 8.53 6.18
L/8
Bottom 8.77 5.81 5.93 9.96 10.08 5.22 5.34 10.08 5.22
Top of slab 5.03 0.93 0.83 6.55 6.46 -0.44 -0.54 6.55 -0.54
Top of girder 6.62 8.07 8.01 5.94 5.87 8.24 8.17 8.24 5.87
L/4
Bottom 8.03 4.99 5.18 9.36 9.56 4.62 4.82 9.86 4.62
Top of slab 5.54 1.47 1.35 7.06 6.94 0.06 -0.06 7.06 -0.06
Top of girder 4.52 5.99 5.90 3.83 3.74 6.13 6.05 6.13 3.74
3L/8
Bottom 9.76 6.67 6.92 11.11 11.36 6.37 6.62 11.89 6.37
Top of slab 5.59 1.51 1.39 7.11 6.99 0.11 -0.01 7.11 -0.01
Top of girder 4.32 5.79 5.70 3.63 3.55 5.94 5.85 5.94 3.55
L/2
Bottom 10.30 7.21 7.46 11.64 11.89 6.90 7.15 12.40 6.90
Stress with/without Live load at top of deck slab near support section only exceeds the permissible tensile stress i.e. 2.29Mpa.
Maximum tensile force = -600.52 kN Permissible working stress = 240.00 MPa
2
Area of reinforcement required = 2175.8 mm2 Ast provided= 5589.42 mm
Hence Provide 12 T @ 120 c/c +10 T @ 120 c/c at top
46 of 56
4.3.9 Load Combination for frequent Combination (SL2) - for prestressing member
a) Load combination
Load
1 (a) 1 (b) 2 (a) 2 (b) 3 (a) 3 (b) 4 (a) 4 (b) 5 (a)
Case
DL 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
SIDL 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2
Prestress 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
Live load 0.75 0.75 0.2 0.2 0.75
Wind load
0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6
Temp
(+ve) 0.5
Temp (-
ve)
Load
5 (b) 5 (c) 5 (d) 6 (a) 6 (b) 6 (c) 6 (d)
Case
DL 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
SIDL 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1
Prestress 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
Live load 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
Wind load
Temp
(+ve) 0.5 0.6 0.6
Temp (-
ve) 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6
Load
7 (a) 7 (b) 8 (a) 8 (b) 9 (a) 9 (b) 10 (a) 10 (b) 11 (a)
Case
DL 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
SIDL 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2
Prestress 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
Live load 0.75 0.75 0.2 0.2 0.75
Wind load
0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6
Temp
(+ve) 0.5
Temp (-
ve)
Load
11 (b) 11 (c) 11 (d) 12 (a) 12 (b) 12 (c) 12 (d)
Case
DL 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
SIDL 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1
Prestress 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
Live load 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
Wind load
Temp
(+ve) 0.5 0.6 0.6
Temp (-
ve) 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6
47 of 56
Top of slab 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.34 0.32 0.12 0.11 2.56
Top of girder 2.09 2.07 2.09 2.07 2.30 2.29 2.14 2.13 1.67
End
Bottom 5.88 5.90 5.88 5.90 5.41 5.43 5.75 5.78 6.42
Top of slab 0.48 0.42 0.43 0.38 1.17 1.12 0.63 0.57 3.44
Top of girder 6.78 6.74 6.75 6.71 7.26 7.22 6.89 6.85 6.65
L/8
Bottom 6.56 6.67 6.65 6.77 5.15 5.26 6.25 6.37 6.08
Top of slab 0.96 0.86 0.88 0.78 1.95 1.86 1.16 1.06 4.24
Top of girder 7.08 7.01 7.03 6.96 7.77 7.70 7.22 7.15 7.18
L/4
Bottom 5.84 6.03 5.99 6.19 3.81 4.00 5.42 5.61 4.68
Top of slab 1.31 1.20 1.22 1.10 2.39 2.27 1.53 1.41 4.70
Top of girder 5.69 5.61 5.63 5.55 6.44 6.36 5.84 5.76 5.86
3L/8
Bottom 7.00 7.24 7.20 7.44 4.80 5.04 6.57 6.81 5.65
Top of slab 1.37 1.25 1.28 1.15 2.44 2.31 1.58 1.46 4.75
Top of girder 5.64 5.55 5.57 5.48 6.37 6.29 5.78 5.69 5.79
L/2
Bottom 7.30 7.56 7.51 7.76 5.14 5.39 6.88 7.14 5.98
Top of slab 2.55 -0.94 -0.95 2.79 2.78 -1.41 -1.42 2.79 -1.42
Top of girder 1.66 2.82 2.81 1.38 1.37 2.76 2.75 2.82 1.37
End
Bottom 6.45 4.05 4.08 6.97 6.99 4.12 4.15 6.99 4.05
Top of slab 3.38 -0.06 -0.12 3.35 3.29 -0.85 -0.91 3.44 -0.91
Top of girder 6.61 7.81 7.77 6.15 6.11 7.54 7.50 7.81 6.11
L/8
Bottom 6.19 3.71 3.82 7.37 7.49 4.53 4.64 7.49 3.71
Top of slab 4.15 0.75 0.65 3.91 3.81 -0.29 -0.38 4.24 -0.38
Top of girder 7.11 8.33 8.26 6.51 6.44 7.89 7.83 8.33 6.44
L/4
Bottom 4.88 2.31 2.51 6.47 6.67 3.63 3.82 6.67 2.31
Top of slab 4.58 1.20 1.08 4.29 4.18 0.10 -0.02 4.70 -0.02
Top of girder 5.78 7.01 6.93 5.14 5.06 6.53 6.44 7.01 5.06
3L/8
Bottom 5.89 3.28 3.52 7.58 7.83 4.74 4.98 7.83 3.28
Top of slab 4.62 1.25 1.12 4.35 4.23 0.15 0.03 4.75 0.03
Top of girder 5.71 6.95 6.86 5.09 5.00 6.47 6.38 6.95 5.00
L/2
Bottom 6.24 3.61 3.87 7.90 8.15 5.05 5.30 8.15 3.61
Top of slab 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.33 0.31 0.11 0.09 2.55
Top of girder 2.54 2.53 2.54 2.53 2.76 2.75 2.60 2.59 2.12
End
Bottom 7.21 7.23 7.21 7.23 6.74 6.77 7.09 7.11 7.75
Top of slab 0.51 0.45 0.47 0.41 1.20 1.15 0.66 0.60 3.47
Top of girder 6.99 6.95 6.95 6.92 7.47 7.43 7.09 7.05 6.86
L/8
Bottom 9.43 9.54 9.52 9.64 8.02 8.13 9.13 9.24 8.95
Top of slab 1.04 0.94 0.96 0.87 2.04 1.94 1.25 1.15 4.33
Top of girder 6.47 6.41 6.42 6.35 7.16 7.10 6.62 6.55 6.57
L/4
Bottom 9.50 9.70 9.66 9.86 7.47 7.67 9.08 9.28 8.35
Top of slab 1.45 1.33 1.35 1.23 2.53 2.41 1.66 1.54 4.83
Top of girder 4.30 4.22 4.23 4.15 5.05 4.96 4.45 4.36 4.46
3L/8
Bottom 11.45 11.69 11.65 11.89 9.25 9.50 11.02 11.26 10.10
Top of slab 1.51 1.39 1.42 1.29 2.58 2.45 1.72 1.60 4.89
Top of girder 4.11 4.03 4.04 3.96 4.85 4.76 4.26 4.17 4.27
L/2
Bottom 11.95 12.20 12.15 12.40 9.78 10.04 11.53 11.78 10.63
48 of 56
Top of slab 2.54 -0.95 -0.96 2.78 2.77 -1.42 -1.43 2.78 -1.43
Top of girder 2.11 3.27 3.26 1.83 1.82 3.22 3.21 3.27 1.82
End
Bottom 7.78 5.38 5.41 8.30 8.32 5.46 5.48 8.32 5.38
Top of slab 3.41 -0.03 -0.09 3.38 3.32 -0.82 -0.88 3.47 -0.88
Top of girder 6.82 8.01 7.97 6.36 6.32 7.74 7.70 8.01 6.32
L/8
Bottom 9.07 6.58 6.70 10.24 10.36 7.40 7.52 10.36 6.58
Top of slab 4.23 0.83 0.73 3.99 3.90 -0.20 -0.30 4.33 -0.30
Top of girder 6.51 7.73 7.66 5.91 5.84 7.29 7.22 7.73 5.84
L/4
Bottom 8.55 5.98 6.18 10.14 10.33 7.29 7.49 10.33 5.98
Top of slab 4.71 1.33 1.21 4.43 4.31 0.23 0.11 4.83 0.11
Top of girder 4.38 5.62 5.53 3.75 3.67 5.13 5.05 5.62 3.67
3L/8
Bottom 10.34 7.73 7.97 12.03 12.28 9.19 9.43 12.28 7.73
Top of slab 4.76 1.39 1.26 4.49 4.37 0.29 0.17 4.89 0.17
Top of girder 4.18 5.42 5.34 3.56 3.47 4.94 4.86 5.42 3.47
L/2
Bottom 10.88 8.26 8.51 12.54 12.79 9.70 9.95 12.79 8.26
Permissible Tensile stress in concrete at service = 0.00 Mpa < 2.31 Mpa Hence O.K.

Grade of concrete = M50 Modulus of elasticity of concrete E = 35220 MPa
Design yield strength fpd = 22.33 MPa Modulus of elasticity of steel = 195.00 Gpa
3100 0.00350 22.33
225 9588 kN
171.83
NA NA
2225 300
156 250 0.0386 9588 kN

750
Top width of girder = 3100 mm Thickness of compression flange = 225 mm
Width of web = 300 mm Distance of prestress CG from bottom = 156 mm
Depth of girder = 2225 mm
Balanced neutral axis depth = 1387 mm Actual neutral axis depth 171.83 mm
Total strain at the prestress CG = 0.03864 The Section is under reinforced
At support Near L/8 Near L/4 Near 3L/8 At L/2
Ultimate moment 82 5583 8955 10605 10909
Horizontal prestress after all losses (kN) 6696 6769 6874 6995 7156
Pre-strain in the cables after all losses 0.00504 0.00509 0.00517 0.00526 0.00538
Distance of prestress CG from bottom (mm) 835 593 382 182 156
Total width of web (mm) 750 300 300 300 300
Assumed neutral axis from top (mm) 172 172 172 172 172
Total strain at the prestress CG 0.0299 0.0348 0.0392 0.0434 0.0440
Average prestress at failure (MPa) 1406 1406 1406 1406 1406
Total compressive force by concrete (kN) 9588 9588 9588 9588 9588
Total tensile force by prestressing steel (kN) 9588 9588 9588 9588 9588
Difference in forces 0 0 0 0 0
Moment of resistance (kNm) 12637 14955 16981 18899 19142
Effective lever arm between forces (m) 1.318 1.560 1.771 1.971 1.996
49 of 56
4.5 Design of Shear
Total loss after friction & Slip Loss
Description 1st stage stressing % Loss 2nd stage stressing % Loss
At 5 days
Elastic shortening 72.22 kN 2.6 %
Relaxation 23.48 kN 0.9 %
At 28 days
Elastic shortening 13.85 kN 0.5 % 13.85 kN 0.5 %
Shrinkage 25.37 kN 0.9 %
Relaxation 50.14 kN 1.8 % 23.48 kN 0.9 %
Creep 83.38 kN 3.1 %
At 60 days
Shrinkage 18.28 kN 0.7 % 18.28 kN 0.7 %
Relaxation 13.33 kN 0.5 % 39.98 kN 1.5 %
Creep 36.30 kN 1.3 % 36.30 kN 1.3 %
At 90 days
Shrinkage 12.16 kN 0.4 % 12.16 kN 0.4 %
Relaxation 0.00 kN 0.0 % 0.00 kN 0.0 %
Creep 13.63 kN 0.5 % 13.63 kN 0.5 %
At α days
Shrinkage 82.44 kN 3.0 % 82.44 kN 3.0 %
Relaxation 126.93 kN 4.6 % 126.93 kN 4.6 %
Creep 97.77 kN 3.6 % 97.77 kN 3.6 %
Total 669.25 kN/cable 24.5 % 464.80 kN 17.0 %
Total loss 2301.31 kN
Vertical Component of Cable Force (kN)

Cable No 0.350 4.083 7.815 11.548 15.280
Cable 1 2469.15 2489.44 2527.24 2565.88 2597.73
Vert. angle 2.48 2.48 2.48 0.00 0.00
Cable 2 2463.34 2483.64 2524.79 2563.98 2591.83
Vert. angle 3.54 3.54 3.54 0.00 0.00
Cable 3 1581.03 1593.75 1606.47 1619.18 1649.45
Vert. angle 5.07 5.07 5.07 5.07 0.00
Total Ver.
Comp. of
cable 1 to 269.07 272.33 277.62 83.87 0.00
3
Ultimate Shear at Sections :-

Ultimate Shear 2004 1196 751 377 105
Moment 82 5583 8955 10605 10909
4.5.1 Section not requiring design shear reinforcement

i) Shear Capacity of Cracked Section as per clause 10.3.2(2) of IRC 112-2010
VRD.C = [0.12*K(80*ρ1*fck)^0.33+0.15σcp]*bw*d Subject to VRD.C MIN = {vmin + 0.15σCP)*bw*d
Where, K = 1+sqrt(200/d) <= 2 Where, d is in millimeters
ρ1 = Asl/(bw*d) <= 0.02 fck = 50 Mpa
σcp = NEd/Ac <= 0.2xfcd Where, NEd = axial compression, Ac = Area of section
vmin = 0.031*K^1.5*fck^0.5 fcd = αcc*fck/γm where, αcc =0.67 and γm = 1.5
Effective width of the web in mm 750 300 300 300 300
Effective Depth of precast Section (d) in mm 1165 1407 1618 1818 1844
Effective Depth of composite Section (d) in mm 1390 1632 1843 2043 2069
K 1.379 1.350 1.329 1.313 1.311
Stress due to Prestress (σcp) (Mpa) 4.467 4.467 4.467 4.467 4.467
Shear Resistance minimum (VRd,cmin) (kN) 1068.8 496.4 556.3 612.8 620.0
Reinforcement ratio considering Tendons, ρ1 0.007 0.014 0.012 0.011 0.011
Shear resistance ( VRd,c) (kN) 1205.2 626.9 689.8 748.6 756.0
Design Shear resistance ( VRd,c) (kN) 1068.8 496.4 556.3 612.8 620.0
50 of 56
ii) Shear Capacity of Uncracked Section as per clause 10.3.2(2) of IRC 112-2010
The shear resistance of the beam section uncracked in flexure is given below:-
VRd,c = ( I * bwc )/ S x √ (fctd2 + k1 σcp fctd)
Where, I = Moment of inertia bwc= Width of beam after deduction due to duct
S = First moment of area between cetroidal axis and extreme compression fibre about the centrodial axis.
fctd = design tensile strength of concrete = fctk/γm = 1.64 Mpa
Prestress
6696.1 6769.4 6874.3 6995.3 7155.9
Force
Effective
750 300 300 300 300
width of
Effective
1390 1632 1843 2043 2069
Depthdue
Stress of
4.467 4.467 4.467 4.467 4.467
to
Design
1.64 1.64 1.64 1.64 1.64
tensile
First
2.97E+09 2.07E+09 2.07E+09 2.07E+09 2.07E+09
moment
Transmiss
1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
ion length
Moment
1.2E+12 9.3E+11 9.3E+11 9.3E+11 9.3E+11
of Inertia
Design
922.4 427.3 427.3 427.3 427.3
Shear
iii) Summary of the Shear resistance of the Beam when shear reinforcement isn't required :
The maximum shear capacity of the Beam as cl.10.3.2 (5) of IRC 112-2010
VEd ≤ 0.50 bw d ν fcd where, ν = 0.60 [ 1 - fck/310]
Distance from bearing in m 0.00 3.73 7.47 11.20 14.93
Distance modification factor β for Precast Beam 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Distance modification factor β for Composite 0.25 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Effective Shear for Precast Beam 2004.1 1195.6 751.0 376.8 104.5
Effective Shear for Composite Section (kN) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Effective Shear due to prestressing force (kN) 269.1 272.3 277.6 83.9 0.0
Total Shear force for the Beam (kN) 1735.0 923.3 473.4 292.9 104.5
Precast member Area (m2) 1.54 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89
Zb (m3) 0.52 0.41 0.41 0.41 0.41
Composite member Area (m2) 2.24 1.58 1.58 1.58 1.58
Zb (m3) 0.81 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60
Stress due to prestress at tensile fibre σ bpt (MPa) 2.6669 1.3161 -3.1880 -7.5686 -8.2665
Section at Maximum Bending Moment Uncracked Uncracked Cracked Cracked Cracked
Shear capacity of Beam Section (kN) 922.43 427.34 556.29 612.84 619.97
Maximum shear capacity of the Section (kN) 5859 2751 3107 3445 3487
Not Not Not
Whether shear reinforcement required or not Required Required
Required Required Required
iv) Calculation of Shear Resistance when Shear Reinforcement is Required ::

The design for the Vertical stirrups for resisting shear is calculated in the table below as per Cl. No. 10.3.3.2 of IRC:112-2011.
The shear resistance with vertical stirrups is given by,
VRd,s = Asw / s. z. fywd cot θ by Crushing of Compression strut
VRd,max = acw bw z v1 fcd / (cot θ + tan θ) by yielding of the Vertical reinforcement
Grade of reinforcement = Fe 500 Grade of concrete = M50
Design Tensile stress in stirrups (fywd= 0.8fyk/γm) = 347.8 Mpa Concrete Strength (fcd) : = 22.3 Mpa
Minimum Shear reinf. ratio = 0.072sqrt(fck)/fyk = 0.00102 Coeff accounting stress in compression chord ν1
Design of Vertical Transverse reinforcement (α = 90o) = 0.60
51 of 56
Angle of compression strut θ (degrees) -1.24E+127 22.38 28.79 21.17 21.17 21.17
Dia of shear reinforcement provided (mm) 12+16 16 12 12 12
Shear
5596 3176 2878 3203 3244
resistance
Coeff
1.200 1.200 1.200 1.200 1.200
accountin
Shear
5596 3176 2878 3203 3244
capacity
Differenc
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
e in shear
Shear capacity of the Section (kN) 5596.10 3175.91 2877.76 3202.81 3243.90
Total longitudinal tensile force (kN) 2168.84 4419.71 5667.24 5758.31 5599.16
Permissible longitudinal tensile force (kN) 9587.90 9587.90 9587.90 9587.90 9587.90
4.6. Anchor Block

Check Bearing pressure As per Euro code EC2, Anex-J
According to Manufacture's Catalog
Size of anchor flange = 245 mm Dia of Hole = 90 mm
2
fcj = Cube strength = 44.10 N/mm
2
fcj = Cylender strength 35.28 N/mm
2
A2 = 750*375 = 134263.3 mm
Now, Maximum Cable Force after immediate Losses = 2429.78 T
As per Manufacture's recommendation = 40% of above force to be taken by End Bearing
= 60% of above force to be taken by Anchorage
Cone and Concrete by friction
2 2
Bearing stress = N/A1 18.10 N/mm < 21.17 N/mm Hence O.K.
Busting reinforcement in end block

2Yo = 245 mm 2Ypo = 245 mm
Ypo/Yo = 1.00 As per Table 13.1 of IRC 112-2011 Fbst/Pk = 0.120
Fbst = 0.12x1.3x2429.78 = 379.05 kN
2
Area of Steel Required = Fbst/(0.87xfy) = 1002.08 mm
2
Hence Provide 16T- 2L -4Nos along Web and Normal to Web Ast = 1608.50 mm
Ast 0.15 P max/fyd γp

2
fyd 435 N/mm
γp 1.2
2
Ast 1005.427 mm
For Avoid checking crack width we have considered fyd=250 N/mm2
2
Ast 1749.443 mm
2
Ast 3216.991 mm
Spalling Reinforcement 0.03x P max /fyd x γp

2
349.889 mm
2
Provide 2 no 16 dia bar each side 402.1 mm
Hence allowable stress behind anchorage has been suitbly increased by providing hoop reinforcement
CEB-FIP model code has been used to calculate the increase in permissible bearing stress.
52 of 56
Increase in force ∆ F = 1.3*u/s*As*fyd-(Ac1-Ac2)*fcd*(1-(8*Msdu)/(u/pi *Nsdu))
Where,
u = Perimeter of hoop u= 0.929911 m
s = Hoop spacing s= 0.06 m
2
As = Cross sectional area of hoop reinforcement. As = 0.000201 cm
2
fyd = Design strength of hoop fyd = 43500 t/m
2
Ac1= A2 Ac1 = 0.0841 m
2
Ac2 = Area of conc rete within hoop reinforcement. Ac2 = 0.061575 m
2
fcd = fcj/1.5 fcd = 2939.845 t/m
Msdu = Max moment in hoop reinforced zone. Msdu = 0 t-m
D F = 1.3*u/s*As*fyd-(Ac1-Ac2)*fcd*(1-(8*Msdu)/(u/pi *Nsdu)) = 109.9997 t
2
Increase in permissible stresses ∆ F/A1 = 18.33 N/m
2
> 3.07 N/m
Hence OK

Vedi = β Ved/zbi
z= Lever arm

53 of 56
4.8. Untensioned Reinforcement of Precast Girder
Vertical reiforcement = 0.18 % of web
=0.18%x300x2000 = 1080 mm2 per meter
Hence provide 2L-12T @ 150 c/c Ast provide= 1506.7 mm2 per meter
Longitudinal reinforcement = 0.15 % of web
Total Area of Precast Girder at midspan = 0.88625 m2
=0.15%x0.89x1000000 = 1329.375 mm2 per meter
Hence provide 7-16T at Bottomt top & 8-12T at Top Ast provide= 1909 mm2 per meter
Side Face Reinforcement
Side Face Reinforcement = 0.1 % of web Area
2
Area of steel required = 600 mm
2
Minimum Reinf. at earth face (0.12%) = 720 mm
Hence Provide 10 Nos. 12 φ on Each Face
2 2
Ast provided = 2261.9 mm /m > 720 mm /m
Hence O.K.
(i) Precast Girder - Prestress of cables 1, 2, 3 + wt of precast Girder at 5 days
Young Modulus = 3.41E+07 kN/m2
Distance 0.000 3.733 7.465 11.198 14.930
CG of Precast girder from bottom , m 1.025 1.004 1.004 1.004 1.004
Moment 0.534 0.417 0.417 0.417 0.417
CG of cables 1 to 3 from bot.(m) 0.706 0.483 0.297 0.125 0.125
Moment -2300.82 -3788.80 -5202.63 -6564.05 -6673.48
Moment -4.82 1181.46 1982.56 2465.19 2619.53
Total
moment -2305.6 -2607.3 -3220.1 -4098.9 -4054.0
M/EI -0.00013 -0.00018 -0.00023 -0.00029 -0.00028
3.73 3.733 3.733 3.733

A B C D E
-0.00018 2 -0.00029
-0.000126 4 3 -0.000226 -0.000285
1
At Midspan
Average Moment of
M/EI M/EI about
A -0.00013
B 4 3.733 1.866 -0.00018 -0.00015 -0.001078
C 3 3.733 5.599 -0.00023 -0.00020 -0.00428
D 2 3.733 9.331 -0.00029 -0.00026 -0.008959
E 1 3.733 13.064 -0.00028 -0.00029 -0.013971
Total -0.028288
So, Midspan deflection due to Prestress + wt of precast Girder = = -28 mm
= - L/ 1056
(ii) Precast Girder - Prestress of cables 4,5 + loss of Cables 1 to 3 at 28 days

Young Modulus = 3.52E+07 Mpa
Distance 0.000 3.733 7.465 11.198 14.930
CG of 1.444 1.113 0.782 0.451 0.305
Moment 650.07 170.51 -349.70 -878.30 -1136.67
Moment 165.46 270.19 366.37 455.53 455.56
Total 815.5 440.7 16.7 -422.8 -681.1
M/EI 0.000043 0.000030 0.000001 -0.000029 -0.000046
54 of 56
3.7 3.733 3.733 3.733
A B C D E
2
0.0000300 -0.0000288
0.0000433 4 3 0.000001 -0.0000464
1
At Midspan
Average Moment of
M/EI M/EI about
A 0.0000433
B 4 3.733 1.866 0.0000300 0.0000367 0.0002555
C 3 3.733 5.599 0.000001 0.0000156 0.0003256
D 2 3.733 9.331 -0.000029 -0.0000138 -0.000482
E 1 3.733 13.064 -0.000046 -0.0000376 -0.001834
Total -0.001735
So, Midspan deflection due to Prestress +loss = = -1.735 mm
So, Total Midspan deflection at 28 days = = -30.023 mm = - L/ 995
(iii) Precast Girder - Prestress + wt of precast Girder +wt of deck slab at 60 days
Distance 0.000 3.733 7.465 11.198 14.930
CG of 0.835 0.593 0.382 0.182 0.156
Loss 263.417 263.417 263.417 263.417 263.417
Moment 50.065 108.282 163.946 216.642 223.304
Moment -8.375 872.503 1510.450 1905.465 2057.549
Total 41.689 980.785 1674.396 2122.107 2280.853
M/EI 0.0000022 0.0000668 0.0001141 0.0001446 0.00016
3.7 3.733 3.733 3.733
A B C D E
0.000002 0.0000668 0.0001446
4 0.0001141 0.0001554
3 1
2
At Midspan
Average Moment of
M/EI M/EI about
A 0.0000022
B 4 3.733 1.866 0.0000668 0.0000345 0.0002405 0.00151
C 3 3.733 5.599 0.0001141 0.0000905 0.0018904
D 2 3.733 9.331 0.0001446 0.0001293 0.004505
E 1 3.733 13.064 0.0001554 0.0001500 0.0073144
Total 0.0139503
So, Midspan deflection due to Prestress losses + DL = = 13.950 mm
Total Deflection at 60 days =-30.023+13.950 = -16.073 mm
55 of 56
(iv) Composite Girder - long term losses + SIDL+ Live load
Distance 0.000 3.733 7.465 11.198 14.930
CG of Composite girder from bottom , m 1.393 1.526 1.526 1.526 1.526
CG of cables from bot.(m) 0.835 0.593 0.382 0.182 0.156
Moment 1.154 0.932 0.932 0.932 0.932
Loss 1209.019 1209.019 1209.019 1209.019 1209.02
Moment 674.301 1127.488 1382.970 1624.831 1655.4
Total 674.301 1127.488 1382.970 1624.831 1655.4
M/EI 0.0000166 0.0000343 0.0000421 0.0000495 0.00005
3.733 3.733 3.733 3.733
A B C D E
0.00002 0.0000343 0.0000495
4 0.0000421 0.0000504
3 1
2
M/EI Diagram for Ist Stage Prestress after losses at α days
At Midspan
Average Moment of
M/EI M/EI about
A 0.0000166
B 4 3.733 1.866 0.0000343 0.0000255 0.0001774 0.00060
C 3 3.733 5.599 0.0000421 0.0000382 0.0007989
D 2 3.733 9.331 0.0000495 0.0000458 0.0015952
E 1 3.733 13.064 0.0000504 0.0000500 0.0024356
Total 0.005007
So, Midspan deflection due to Prestress losses = = 5.007 mm
So, Midspan deflection due SIDL = = 3.236 mm 0.000349
So, Midspan deflection due Wind load = = 3.162 mm 0.000112
So, Midspan deflection due Live load = = 11.800 mm 0.001182
Total Deflection at mid span 1xDL+1.2xSIDL+1xLL+0.6xWL = 7.780 mm L/ 3838
56 of 56
DESIGN CALCULATION OF 15M SPAN RCC-T GIRDER
2 Design Data for Simply Supported RCC I-Girder of span 15m - Straight span
Avgerage Radius of curvature R 100000000 m Design velocity of vehicle = 100 kmph

Number of RCC longitudinal girder =3 Nos. Spacing of longitudinal girder = 3.50 m
Number of cross girder =3 Nos. Avg Cant. span of deck slab = 1.350 m
Shifting of girders towards outer side = 0.000 m
Length of girder, LG3 = 13.50 m
But actual length of girders varies slightly due to presence of transition/part straight part curve and
measures from autocad drawings.
Actual length of girder, LG1 = 15.25 m Actual length of girder, LG2 = 14.50 m
Actual length of girder, LG3 = 13.50 m
Top width of precast girder = 1.00 m Width of web of RCC girder(support) = 0.60 m
Thickness of End cross girder = 0.40 m Width of web of RCC girder(span) = 0.30 m


2.4.3 Bearing
Type of bearing = Elastomeric Seismic Zone Zone IV
1 of 79
All Precast girders shall be cast at casting bed and all girders shall be ercted over bearing locations one
by one and Deck slab & X-Girder shall be cast erecting necessary shuttering from precast girder at 60 days.
After 30 days casting of Deck Slab i.e. after 90 days casting of Precast Girder, all shuttering material
shall be removed and SIDL shall be laid.
9.700
0.5 7.500 0.50
50 thk w/c
0.225 1.000
0.15
0.1
1.100 LG1 LG2 0.450 LG3
0.15
0.6 0.25
1.350 3.500 3.500 1.350
Section X-X
Center of Symmetry
0.225
0.15
0.10 0.30
1.50 1.50
0.40 1.100 0.850
0.15
0.25
0.75 13.50
15.00
0.500
2 of 79
Section Y-Y
X
1.350 Footpath 1.350

Y Y
Girder-LG1 Longitudinal girder
3.50
9.700 Girder-LG2
= 0.000 3.50
Girder-LG3
3.50 Cross Girder
1.350
X
0.750 13.50
15.00
Plan
3 of 79
3.0 Sectional properties of Girder
1.000
0.15 1 1
0.1 2 2
0.35
D= 1.100 3
0.15 4 4
0.25 5 5
0.15 0.3
0.6

CG from
Bottom (d'i)
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m2) (m) (m3) (m4) (m4) (m4)
1 0.350 0.150 2 0.1050 1.025 0.10763 0.11032 0.000197 0.11051
2 0.350 0.100 2 0.0350 0.917 0.03208 0.02941 0.000019 0.02943
3 0.300 1.100 1 0.3300 0.550 0.18150 0.09983 0.033275 0.13310
4 0.150 0.150 2 0.0225 0.300 0.00675 0.00203 0.000028 0.00205
5 0.150 0.250 2 0.0750 0.125 0.00938 0.00117 0.000391 0.00156
Total A = 0.568 m2
Total CG from bottom CG = =A/Axd'i = 0.594m
Total Moment of Inertia about CG =ICG(i) + A ( d'i )2 -Ax CG^2 = 0.076m4
Z Top =I/(D-CG) = 0.151m3
ZBottom =I/CG = 0.128m3

1.000
0.15 1 1
0.057 2 2
0.2
D= 1.100 3
0.6

CG from
Bottom (d'i)
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m2) (m) (m3) (m4) (m4) (m4)
1 0.2000 0.150 2 0.0600 1.025 0.06150 0.06304 0.000113 0.06315
2 0.2000 0.057 2 0.0114 0.931 0.01064 0.00990 0.000002 0.00991
3 0.600 1.100 1 0.6600 0.550 0.36300 0.19965 0.066550 0.26620
4 of 79
Total A = 0.731 m2
Z Top =I/(D-CG) = 0.159 m3
3.3.
3.500
1
Y
1 0.225
0.15 2 2
0.1 3 3
0.35
D= 1.100 Z 4 Z
0.15 5 5
0.25 6 6
0.15 0.3
0.6
Y
CG from
Bottom (d'i)
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m2) (m) (m3) (m4) (m4) (m4)
1 3.500 0.225 1 0.7875 1.213 0.95484 1.15775 0.003322 1.16107
2 0.350 0.150 2 0.1050 1.025 0.10763 0.11032 0.000197 0.11051
3 0.350 0.100 2 0.0350 0.917 0.03208 0.02941 0.000019 0.02943
4 0.300 1.100 1 0.3300 0.550 0.18150 0.09983 0.033275 0.13310
5 0.150 0.150 2 0.0225 0.300 0.00675 0.00203 0.000028 0.00205
6 0.150 0.250 2 0.0750 0.125 0.00938 0.00117 0.000391 0.00156
Total A = 1.355 m2
3
CG from
Centre (d'i)
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m2) (m) (m3) (m4) (m4) (m4)
1 0.225 3.500 1 0.7875 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.803906 0.80391
2 0.150 0.350 2 0.1050 0.325 0.00000 0.01109 0.001072 0.01216
3 0.100 0.350 2 0.0350 0.267 0.00000 0.00249 0.000238 0.00273
4 1.100 0.300 1 0.3300 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.002475 0.00248
5 0.150 0.150 2 0.0225 0.200 0.00000 0.00090 0.000028 0.00093
6 0.250 0.150 2 0.0750 0.225 0.00000 0.00380 0.000141 0.00394
5 of 79
Id. No. d b d/b k J0 = kb3d 1 0.225
4
(m) (m) (m ) 0.8600 2 0.250
1 3.5000 0.2250 15.556 0.333 0.01328
2 0.8600 0.2500 3.440 0.271 0.00364
3 0.450
3 0.4500 0.3000 1.500 0.221 0.00269 0.3
4 0.5438 0.4000 1.359 0.182 0.00633
0.5438
3.4.
3.500
1
Y
1 0.225
0.15 2 2
0.057 3 3
0.2
D= 1.100 X 4 X
0.6
Y
CG from
Bottom (d'i)
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m2) (m) (m3) (m4) (m4) (m4)

1 3.5000 0.225 1 0.7875 1.2125 0.95484 1.15775 0.003322 1.16107
2 0.2000 0.150 2 0.0600 1.025 0.06150 0.06304 0.000113 0.06315
3 0.2000 0.057 2 0.0114 0.931 0.01064 0.00990 0.000002 0.00991
4 0.600 1.100 1 0.6600 0.550 0.36300 0.19965 0.066550 0.26620
Total A = 1.519 m2
CG from
Centre (d'i)
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m2) (m) (m3) (m4) (m4) (m4)
1 0.225 3.500 1 0.7875 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.803906 0.80391
2 0.150 0.200 2 0.0600 0.400 0.00000 0.00960 0.000200 0.00980
3 0.057 0.200 2 0.0114 0.667 0.00000 0.00508 0.000025 0.00510
4 1.100 0.600 1 0.6600 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.019800 0.01980
Id. No. d b d/b k J0 = kb3d 1 0.225
4
(m) (m) (m ) 0.9448 2 0.207
1 3.5000 0.2250 15.556 0.333 0.01328
2 0.9448 0.2071 4.561 0.287 0.00241 3
0.893
3 0.8929 0.6000 1.488 0.195 0.03765 0.6
6 of 79
3.5.
3.500
1
Y
1 0.225
0.15 2 2
0.079 3 3
0.275
D= 1.100 X 4 X
0.075 5 5
0.25 6 6
0.075 0.45
0.6
Y
CG from
Bottom (d'i)
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m2) (m) (m3) (m4) (m4) (m4)
1 3.500 0.225 1 0.7875 1.213 0.95484 1.15775 0.003322 1.16107
2 0.275 0.150 2 0.0825 1.025 0.08456 0.08668 0.000155 0.08683
3 0.275 0.079 2 0.0216 0.924 0.01996 0.01844 0.000007 0.01845
4 0.450 1.100 1 0.4950 0.550 0.27225 0.14974 0.049913 0.19965
5 0.075 0.075 2 0.0056 0.275 0.00155 0.00043 0.000002 0.00043
6 0.075 0.250 2 0.0375 0.125 0.00469 0.00059 0.000195 0.00078
CG from
Centre (d'i)
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m2) (m) (m3) (m4) (m4) (m4)
1 0.225 3.500 1 0.7875 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.803906 0.80391
2 0.150 0.275 2 0.0825 0.363 0.00000 0.01084 0.000520 0.01136
3 0.079 0.275 2 0.0216 0.317 0.00000 0.00217 0.000091 0.00226
4 1.100 0.450 1 0.4950 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.008353 0.00835
5 0.075 0.075 2 0.0056 0.250 0.00000 0.00035 0.000002 0.00035
6 0.250 0.075 2 0.0375 0.263 0.00000 0.00258 0.000018 0.00260
Id. No. d b d/b k J0 = kb3d 1 0.225
(m) (m) 4
(m ) 0.9055 2 0.229
1 3.5000 0.2250 15.556 0.333 0.01328
2 0.9055 0.2286 3.961 0.281 0.00303
3 0.546
3 0.5464 0.4500 1.214 0.177 0.00882 0.45
4 0.5827 0.3250 1.793 0.215 0.00431
0.5827
7 of 79
3.6.
0.844
1 0.225
2 0.850
0.30

CG from
Bottom (d'i)
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m2) (m) (m3) (m4) (m4) (m4)
1 0.8438 0.225 1 0.1898 0.963 0.18272 0.17587 0.000801 0.17667
2 0.3000 0.850 1 0.2550 0.425 0.10838 0.04606 0.015353 0.06141
CG from
Centre (d'i)
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m2) (m) (m3) (m4) (m4) (m4)
1 0.225 0.844 1 0.1898 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.011263 0.01126
2 0.850 0.300 1 0.2550 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.001913 0.00191
(m) (m) (m4)
1 0.8438 0.2250 3.750 0.286 0.00275
2 0.8500 0.3000 2.833 0.269 0.00618
8 of 79
3.7.
0.797
1 0.225
2 0.850
0.40

CG from
Bottom (d'i)
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m2) (m) (m3) (m4) (m4) (m4)
1 0.7969 0.225 1 0.1793 0.963 0.17257 0.16610 0.000756 0.16686
2 0.4000 0.850 1 0.3400 0.425 0.14450 0.06141 0.020471 0.08188
CG from
Centre (d'i)
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m2) (m) (m3) (m4) (m4) (m4)
1 0.225 0.797 1 0.1793 -0.002 -0.00028 0.00000 0.009488 0.00949
2 0.850 0.400 1 0.3400 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.004533 0.00453
Total Area = 0.5193 Total Axd'i = -0.00028 Total I = 0.01402
Total CG from bottom -= 0.0005 m
(m) (m) (m4)
1 0.7969 0.2250 3.542 0.276 0.00251
2 0.8500 0.4000 2.125 0.239 0.01297
Desription Unit At span At support At Flared Girder Cross
Cross-sectional area m2 1.3550 1.5189 1.4297 0.5193 0.4448
Moment of inertia about major axis X-X m4 0.2055 0.2283 0.2153 0.0551 0.0476
Moment of inertia about major axis Y-Y m4 0.8261 0.8386 0.8288 0.0140 0.0132
Torsional stiffness m4 0.0259 0.0533 0.0294 0.0155 0.0089
Torsional Moment of Inertia J0 = 3xb3xd3/{10x(b2+d2)}
(if b>5d<10d) 3/{10x(1+(b/d)2)}
J0 = kb3d
d/b k d/b k
1.00 0.141 3.00 0.263
1.20 0.166 4.00 0.281
1.50 0.196 5.00 0.291
2.00 0.229 10.00 0.312
2.25 0.240 >10.00 0.333
2.50 0.249
9 of 79
4.1 Crash Barrier - per m 150 50 200
Sl No Area(m2) 200
a 0.45x0.165 0.074 1.856 0.225 0.418
b 1/2x(0.5+0.25)x0.05 0.019 0.469 0.033 0.016 500 f
c (0.5+0.25)x0.2 0.150 3.750 0.150 0.563 c
d 0.25x0.05 0.013 0.313 0.275 0.086 d
e 1/2x0.25x0.15 0.019 0.469 0.350 0.164 250 b
f 1/2x0.5x0.05 0.013 0.313 0.267 0.083 e 450
g 0.100 0.150 0.015 mm
Total 0.287 7.269 1.344 165 a
Say, = 7.5 kN/m 450
Dead load of Footpath - per m

Thickness of footpath finish = 250 mm Unit weight = 24 kN/m3
Dead Load of footpath at each side = 1.2x20/1000x24 = 7.2 kN/m
Distance from outer girder LG1 = (1.350-1.35000023314685-3.5/2 = 0.250 m
SIDL (Weight of wearing course)- per m

Width Lever arm
Inner girder LG3 = 1.8 m = 3.850 kN/m 0.875 m
10 of 79
A1 = Solid area as seen in elevation. =15x(1.325+0.05+1.05) = 36.375 sqm
A3 = Plan area of the Superstructure =15x9.7 = 145.500 sqm
considered)

Wind Speed & design wind pressure for Basic wind speedWind
of 33 speed
m/s & design wind pr. for Basic wind speed of 47m/s
H Plain Terrain Terrain with ObstructionsH Plain Terrain Terrain with Obstructions
(m) Vz (m/s) Pz (N/m )
2
Vz (m/s) Pz (N/m )
2
10 27.8 463.7 17.8 190.5 < 10 39.6 940.6 25.4 386.4
15 29.2 512.5 19.6 230.5 15 41.6 1039.6 27.9 467.6
20 30.3 550.6 21 265.3 20 43.2 1116.9 29.9 538.2
30 31.4 590.2 22.8 312.2 30 44.7 1197.2 32.5 633.3
50 33.1 659.2 24.9 370.4 50 47.1 1337.2 35.5 751.3
60 33.6 676.3 25.6 392.9 60 47.9 1371.9 36.5 797.0
70 34.0 693.6 26.2 412.8 70 48.4 1406.9 37.3 837.4
80 34.4 711.2 26.9 433.3 80 49.0 1442.6 38.3 878.9
90 34.9 729.0 27.5 454.2 90 49.7 1478.8 39.2 921.3
100 35.3 747.0 28.2 475.6 100 50.3 1515.3 40.2 964.7
11 of 79
2
2
2
Vertical wind Force FV = 205.3 kN udl = 1.411 kN/m2 4.14
UDL on girder Outer udl = 4.37 kN/m 10.07

of 33 speed
2
Vz (m/s) Pz (N/m )
2
(m) Vz (m/s) Pz (N/m ) Vz (m/s) Pz (N/m2)
2
10 27.8 463.7 17.8 190.5 < 10 30.33 551.84 19.42 226.71

15 29.2 512.5 19.6 230.5 15 31.85 609.92 21.38 274.31
20 30.3 550.6 21 265.3 20 33.05 655.26 22.91 315.73
30 31.4 590.2 22.8 312.2 30 34.25 702.39 24.87 371.54
50 33.1 659.2 24.9 370.4 50 36.11 784.50 27.16 440.81
60 33.6 676.3 25.6 392.9 60 36.65 804.85 27.93 467.58
70 34.0 693.6 26.2 412.8 70 37.09 825.44 28.58 491.27
80 34.4 711.2 26.9 433.3 80 37.53 846.39 29.35 515.66
90 34.9 729 27.5 454.2 90 38.07 867.57 30.00 540.54
100 35.3 747 28.2 475.6 100 38.51 888.99 30.76 566.00
12 of 79
2
2
2

Where,
/
P= P - (40L-300)/9 P/ = 500 Kg/m
2
L= 13.50 m
2
W= 1.2 m P= 473.3 Kg/m
4.5 Live Load
13 of 79
27 27 114 114 68 68 68 68
1.1 3.2 1.2 4.3 3.0 3.0 3.0
18.80
Live Load Position
9.70
0.50 7.50 0.5
0.4
1.8 1.7 1.8
2.70 4.100 7.600

6.20

14 of 79
a) Temperature Rise
3500
17.3
150 A h1 =0.3h<0.15m = 150mm
75 B -1.25 4
175 C 1000 2.8 h2 =0.3h>0.1m = 250mm
-25 D <0.25m
100 E 650
F
450 300 h= 1325 mm
706
0.98
150 G 450
100 H 1.45
150 I 1.77 h3 =0.3h<0.15m = 150mm
2.25 2.1
600
y (m) Aty (m3
Zone b (m) d (m) A (m2) Ay (m3) Ay2 (m4) t (0C) At(m2 0C) 0
from top C)
A 3.5 0.15 0.5250 0.0750 0.0394 0.0030 -10.650 -5.5913 -0.4193
B 3.5 0.075 0.2625 0.1875 0.0492 0.0092 -3.400 -0.8925 -0.1673
C 1 0.175 0.1750 0.3125 0.0547 0.0171 1.400 0.2450 0.0766
D 1 -0.025 -0.0250 0.3875 -0.0097 -0.0038 0.000 0.0000 0.0000
E 0.65 0.1 0.0650 0.4250 0.0276 0.0117 0.000 0.0000 0.0000
F 0.3 0.45 0.1350 0.7000 0.0945 0.0662 0.000 0.0000 0.0000
G 0.45 0.15 0.0675 1.0000 0.0675 0.0675 0.000 0.0000 0.0000
H 0.6 0.1 0.0600 1.1250 0.0675 0.0759 0.000 0.0000 0.0000
I 0.6 0.15 0.0900 1.2500 0.1125 0.1406 -1.050 -0.0945 -0.1181
1.3550 0.5032 0.3875 -6.3333 -0.6283
E=
Elastic Modulus of Concrete at service Condition = 3.3E+04 N/mm2
α=
Coefficient of thermal coefficient of concrete = 1.2E-05 /0C
ε0 =
Eigenstress
θ=
Strain Gradient
Solving ε0 = αx{ΣAy2xΣAt-ΣAyxΣAty}/{ΣAxΣAy2-Σ(Ay)2} -= 9.4E-05
y from top fci
Position t (0C) yxθ αxt Fsi (kN)
(m) (N/mm2)
Top of Deck slab 0.000 -17.30 0.00 -2.1E-04 3.78
Soffit of girder 1.325 -2.10 -1.4E-04 -2.5E-05 2.25 404.52
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b) Temperature Fall
3500
10.6
225 A 1.08 h1 =0.2h<0.25m = 250mm
25 B 1.69
125 C 1250 0.7 h2 =0.25h<0.25m = 250mm
125 D 775 0.350
-25 E
F
350 300 h= 1325 mm
774
100 G -1.23 0.32 h3 =0.25h<0.25m = 250mm

150 H 450 0.8
250 I -1.73 h4 =0.2h<0.25m = 250mm
-2.55 6.6
600
y (m)
from top
A 3.5 0.225 0.7875 0.1125 0.0886 0.0100 6.1450 4.8392 0.5444
B 3.5 0.025 0.0875 0.2375 0.0208 0.0049 1.1950 0.1046 0.0248
C 1.25 0.125 0.1563 0.3125 0.0488 0.0153 0.5250 0.0820 0.0256
D 0.775 0.125 0.0969 0.4375 0.0424 0.0185 0.1750 0.0170 0.0074
E 0.775 -0.025 -0.0194 0.4875 -0.0094 -0.0046 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
F 0.3 0.35 0.1050 0.6500 0.0683 0.0444 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
G 0.3 0.1 0.0300 0.8750 0.0263 0.0230 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
H 0.45 0.15 0.0675 1.0000 0.0675 0.0675 0.4000 0.0270 0.0270
I 0.6 0.25 0.1500 1.2000 0.1800 0.2160 3.7000 0.5550 0.6660
Σ 1.4613 0.5331 0.3949 5.6247 1.2953
E= = 3.3E+04 N/mm2
α= = 1.2E-05 /0C
y from top fci
(m) (N/mm2)
Top of Deck slab 0.000 10.60 0.00 1.27E-04 -2.15
Soffit of girder 1.325 6.60 6.00E-05 7.92E-05 -2.55 -489.97
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5.0 Calculation of moment & shear of RCC Girder LG1 and Ultimate capacity & stress calculation of Girder
5.1. Load calculation OUTER GIRDER = 15.25 m
Cross-sectional area at span = 0.568 m2
Cross-sectional area at support = 0.731 m2
1.000 2.500 1.000
0.35 0.15
0.1 0.057
1.1 0.700 0.450
0.15
0.25
0.15 0.15
0.6 2.900 0.6
Part of intermediate cross girder {1x(1.1-0.25)-(0.57-0.6x0.25)}x0.3x25 = 3.24 kN
Part of End cross girder {1x(1.1-0.25)-(0.73-0.6x0.25)}x0.4x25 = 2.69 kN
= 2.69 kN
= 3.24 kN
18.29 18.29
14.19
0.500 1.50 1.50 8.25 1.50 1.50 0.500
0.500 14.250 0.500

4.75 15.250
Shear Force (kN) 113.6 61.8 53.8 11.6 0.0
Assume, Construction Live load = 0.500 kN/m2
6.550
0.500 14.25 0.500

Distance (m) 0.000 1.781 3.563 5.344 7.125
Shear Force (kN) 46.7 35.0 23.3 11.7 0.0
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Wt. of End X-girder (2.5/2x(1.1-0.25))x0.4x25 = 10.625 kN
Wt of Inner X-girder (2.5/2x(1.1-0.25))x0.3x25 = 7.969 kN
= 10.625 = 7.969 = 10.625
0.55
17.437 13.56 kN/m
0.750 14.25 0.750


Distance (m) 0.000 1.781 3.563 5.344 7.125
Shear Force (kN) 132.2 101.2 70.1 39.0 8.0
a) Bending Moment (kNm)
Distance (m) 0.000 1.781 3.563 5.344 7.125
Crash Barrier 84.8 156.9 263.2 319.2 332.7
Total wt of deck slab = 74.1 528.1 905.2 1129.8 1207.6
Removal of shutter 0.0 3.2 3.2 88.3 3.1
Wind load (unloaded structure) 17.6 33.5 57.9 72.62 -76
Wind load (loaded structure) 15.1 28.6 49.5 62.14 65
Total Live Load 72.6 524.6 849.7 1060.8 1119.5
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Crash Barrier 90.0 79.3 54.3 29.9 10.8
Total DL 335.8 242.3 178.2 80.5 18.7
Total 690.8 592.8 459.2 275.4 143.0

1 1.35
2 1.35 1.75 1.5
3 (a) 1.35 1.75 1.5
3 (b) 1 1 1.5
4 (a) 1.35 1.75 1.5 0.9
4 (b) 1 1 1.5 0.9
5 (a) 1.35 1.75 1.15 1.5
5 (b) 1 1 1.15 1.5
6 (a) 1.35 1.75 1.35 0.9
6 (b) 1 1 1.35 0.9

1 100.0 713.0 1222.0 1525.2 1630.2
2 247.1 1575.0 2629.8 3286.7 3490.3
3 (a) 160.9 831.1 1429.6 1788.7 1909.0
3 (b) 118.6 614.0 1055.7 1320.3 1408.9
4 (a) 260.7 1600.8 2674.4 3342.6 3549.1
4 (b) 218.4 1383.7 2300.4 2874.2 3048.9
5 (a) 244.4 1434.4 2406.7 3008.6 3196.4
5 (b) 202.0 1217.3 2032.8 2540.2 2696.3
6 (a) 151.1 882.8 1518.6 1900.0 2028.4
6 (b) 108.8 665.8 1144.7 1431.6 1528.2
Maximum 100.0 1600.8 2674.4 3342.6 3549.1
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1 965.3 835.0 649.3 393.4 212.9
2 (a) 531.1 395.4 290.2 139.4 33.3
2 (b) 392.1 291.7 214.0 102.6 23.3
3 (a) 981.9 849.5 659.7 399.7 212.9
3 (b) 843.0 745.8 583.5 362.9 202.9
4 (a) 885.2 751.0 578.8 342.2 171.0
4 (b) 746.3 647.3 502.6 305.3 161.0
5 (a) 564.7 419.2 305.6 146.4 33.3
5 (b) 425.7 315.5 229.4 109.6 23.3
Maximum 981.9 849.5 659.7 399.7 212.9

1) Dead load
2) Dead load +SIDL
3) Dead load +SIDL+ wind load(lead) (unloaded structure)
4) Dead load +SIDL+Live load(lead)+wind load (accompany)
5) Dead load +SIDL+Live load(accompany)+wind load (lead)
6) Dead load +SIDL+Live load(lead)+Temperature(accompany)
7) Dead load +SIDL+Live load(accompany)+Temperature(lead)
Load Case DL SIDL Live load Wind load Temperature

1 1
2 1 1.2
3 (a) 1 1.2 1
3 (b) 1 1 1
4 (a) 1 1.2 1 0.6
4 (b) 1 1 1 0.6
5 (a) 1 1.2 0.75 1
5 (b) 1 1 0.75 1
6 (a) 1 1.2 1 0.6
6 (b) 1 1 1 0.6
7 (a) 1 1.2 0.75 1
7 (b) 1 1 0.75 1
Temperature stress shall be added directly
Moment At support Near L/8 Near L/4 Near 3L/8 At L/2

1 74.10 528.11 905.20 1129.79 1207.59
2 100.33 579.68 996.61 1246.52 1331.53
3 (a) 117.96 613.13 1054.48 1319.14 1255.15
3 (b) 113.59 604.54 1039.24 1299.69 1234.50
4 (a) 181.96 1121.45 1875.99 2344.61 2490.24
4 (b) 177.58 1112.85 1860.76 2325.15 2469.59
5 (a) 169.85 1001.75 1683.38 2104.26 2236.50
5 (b) 165.48 993.16 1668.15 2084.81 2215.85
6 (a) 172.90 1104.26 1846.27 2307.32 2451.04
6 (b) 168.53 1095.67 1831.04 2287.87 2430.38
7 (a) 154.76 973.12 1633.86 2042.12 2171.16
7 (b) 150.39 964.52 1618.62 2022.67 2150.50
Maximum 74.10 1121.45 1875.99 2344.61 2490.24
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5.1.7 Load Combination for Quasi-permanent combination(SL3)
1) Dead load +SIDL
1 1
2 1 1.2
3 (a) 1 1.2 0.5
3 (b) 1 1 0.5

Moment
1 74.10 528.11 905.20 1129.79 1207.59
2 100.33 579.68 996.61 1246.52 1331.53
3 (a) 100.33 579.68 996.61 1246.52 1331.53
3 (b) 95.96 571.08 981.37 1227.07 1310.87
Maximum 74.10 579.68 996.61 1246.52 1331.53

5.2.1 Precast RCC girder only
1000 0.00350 17.87

150 4924 kN
100 565.05
NA NA
1100 300
= 142 4924 kN
600 0.0033
Grade Concrete = M40 Grade of steel Fe 500

Modulus of elasticity Ecm = 33346 MPa Modulus of elasticity = 200000 MPa
Width of compression flange = 1000 mm Avg. depth of comp. flange = 200 mm
Width of web = 300 mm Depth of the section = 1100 mm
R = Mu/bd2 = 1.78 MPa Design Moment = 1630 kN-m
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck = 5.32 MPa Ast = 4135.4 mm2
Hence provide
Layer Diameter Nos Area Distance of Effective Strain at Stress at
b1 32 5 4021.24 78.00 1022.00 0.00283 416.21
b2 32 5 4021.24 142.00 958.00 0.00243 400.85
b3 32 5 4021.24 206.00 894.00 0.00204 407.51
b4 32 0 0.00 270.00 830.00 0.00164 328.22
Total Area= 12063.72 mm2 CG = 958 mm Force 4924 kN
E of reinforcement = = 200000 MPa Max strain in concrete = 0.0035

Section is over reinforced
Total ultimate compressive force = 4924 kN Total ultimate tensile force = = 4924 kN
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Moment -100.04 712.96 1222.02 1525.22 1630.25
Width of top flange 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
Width of web 600 300 300 300 300
Overall depth (mm) 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100
Effective Depth (mm) 1032 968 968 968 958
R = Mu/bd2 -0.16 0.76 1.30 1.63 1.78
pt -0.00036 0.00179 0.00312 0.00394 0.00432
Ast required for bending -221.9 1732.3 3020.6 3810.5 4135.4
Top reinforcement provided 8 Nos. 8 Nos. 8 Nos. 8 Nos. 8 Nos.
Bottom Reinf provided 1st layer 5 Nos. 5 Nos. 5 Nos. 5 Nos. 5 Nos.
2nd layer 5 Nos. 5 Nos. 5 Nos. 5 Nos. 5 Nos.
3rd layer 0 Nos. 3 Nos. 3 Nos. 3 Nos. 5 Nos.
4th layer 0 Nos. 0 Nos. 0 Nos. 0 Nos. 0 Nos.
Area of 1st layer 904.8 4021.2 4021.2 4021.2 4021.2
2nd layer 4021.2 4021.2 4021.2 4021.2
3rd layer 2412.7 2412.7 2412.7 4021.2
4th layer 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total 904.8 10455.2 10455.2 10455.2 12063.7
Distance of 1st layer 68.00 78.00 78.00 78.00 78.00
2nd layer 142.00 142.00 142.00 142.00
3rd layer 206.00 206.00 206.00 206.00
4th layer 270.00 270.00 270.00 270.00
Effective 1st layers 1032.00 1022.0 1022.00 1022.00 1022.00
2nd layers 958.0 958.00 958.00 958.00
3rd layers 894.0 894.00 894.00 894.00
4th layer 830.0 830.00 830.00 830.00
Strain at 1st layers 0.0752 0.0042 0.0042 0.0042 0.0028
2nd layers 0.0037 0.0037 0.0037 0.0024
3rd layers 0.0032 0.0032 0.0032 0.0020
4th layer 0.0027 0.0027 0.0027 0.0016
Stress at 1st layers 434.78 434.84 434.84 434.84 416.21
2nd layers 429.95 429.95 429.95 400.85
3rd layers 424.43 424.43 424.43 407.51
4th layer 413.01 413.01 413.01 328.22
CG of reinforcement (mm) 68 132 132 132 142
Actual NA 46 466 466 466 565
Moment of resistance -398 3719 3719 3719 3898
Factor of Safety 4.0 5.2 3.0 2.4 2.4
3500 0.00350 17.87

225 5245 kN
NA 104.85
NA
1325
124.5
0.0366 5245 kN
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5.2.2 Composite Girder
Modulus of elasticity Ecm 33345.8 MPa Modulus of elasticity = 200000 MPa
Width of compression flange = 3500 mm Depth of comp. flange = 225 mm
Hence provide
Distance of Effective Strain at Stress at
Diameter Area
Layer Nos CG from Depth , d ULS ULS
(mm) (mm2)
top (mm) (mm) condition condition
b1 32 5 4021.24 78.00 1247.0 0.03813 434.78
b2 32 5 4021.24 142.00 1183.0 0.03599 434.78
b3 32 5 4021.24 206.00 1119.0 0.03385 434.78
b4 32 0 0.00 270.00 1055.0 0.03172 434.78
Moment 100.04 1600.80 2674.40 3342.58 3549.06
Width of web 600 300 300 300 300
Overall depth (mm) 1325 1325 1325 1325 1325
R = Mu/bd2 0.11 0.32 0.54 0.67 0.72
pt 0.00024 0.00075 0.00125 0.00157 0.00170
Ast required for sturt & tie model 2086.6 1073.4 1718.5 1041.3 554.6
Bottom 1st layer 5 Nos. 5 Nos. 5 Nos. 5 Nos. 5 Nos.
Area of 1st layer 904.8 4021.2 4021.2 4021.2 4021.2
2nd layer 4021.2 4021.2 4021.2 4021.2
3rd layer 2412.7 2412.7 2412.7 4021.2
4th layer 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total 904.8 10455.2 10455.2 10455.2 12063.7
2nd layer 142.00 142.00 142.00 142.00
3rd layer 206.00 206.00 206.00 206.00
4th layer 270.00 270.00 270.00 270.00
2nd layers 1183.00 1183.00 1183.00 1183.00
3rd layers 1119.00 1119.00 1119.00 1119.00
4th layer 1055.00 1055.00 1055.00 1055.00
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2nd layers 0.0421 0.0421 0.0421 0.0360
3rd layers 0.0396 0.0396 0.0396 0.0339
4th layer 0.0371 0.0371 0.0371 0.0317
2nd layers 434.78 434.78 434.78 434.78
3rd layers 434.78 434.78 434.78 434.78
4th layer 434.78 434.78 434.78 434.78
Actual NA 46 91 91 91 105
Factor of Safety 4.87 3.28 1.96 1.57 1.68
Total moment without dead load moment 0.0 887.8 1452.4 1817.4 1918.8
Actual factor of safety considering precast & composite 3.98 2.77 1.65 1.32 1.35
5.3 Shear design

Width of beam = 600 mm Effective depth, d = 1257 mm
z = 1238 mm
K= 1+sqrt(200/d)<=2.0 = 1.40
vmin = 0.031K^1.5xfck^0.5 = 0.32 MPa
p1 = Asl/bwd <=0.02 = 0.0012
σCP = = 0.00 MPa
VRD,C = 244.7 kN < 981.9 kN Hence shear reinf. reqd.
Asv/s required = vs/(σsv*z) = 1.712 mm
The maximum effective cross sectional shear reinforcement, Aswmax for Cotφ =1
VRD,S = VRd,max (Asw/s) z fywd Cotθ acw bw z v1 fcd / (cot θ + tan θ)
≤
For, Cotθ =1 (Asw/s) fywd 1/2 acw bw v1 fcd
≤
Asw/s 1/2 acw bw v1 fcd/fywd
≤
acw = 1 9.246
≤
Asv, provided = 226.19 mm2
Hence Provide 2 -L 12 dia Stirrups @ 150 c/c
Max VEd = 0.5bwdvfcd v= 0.6*(1-fck/310)
β = av/2d 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Width of beam, b (mm) 600.0 300.0 300.0 300.0 300.0
K= 1.40 1.41 1.41 1.41 1.41
vmin = 0.32 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33
p1 = 0.0012 0.0200 0.0200 0.0200 0.0200
VRD,C= 244.65 238.77 238.77 238.77 237.09
VRD,S= VED - VRD,C 737.3 610.74 420.91 160.96 -24.18
Asv/s required 1.71 1.52 1.05 0.40 -0.06
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12 12
Area of shear reinforcement provided (mm) 628.32 628.32 226.19 226.19 226.19
Shear resistance provided by reinf V RD,s (kN) 3332.8 1849.1 1372.4 1372.4 1353.8
Shear capacity of compression strut V RD,max (kN) 3333 1849 1372 1372 1354
Longitudinal tensile force ∆Ftd (kN) 907 467 747.18 452.75 241.15
Area of steel required for shear due stut & tie model 2087 1073 1719 1041 555

5.4.1. Rare combination
a) Precast Girder only
Bending Comp. of concrete ~ 0.48*fck= 19.20 Mpa fctm = Mean tensile strength of concrete = 2.12 Mpa
E of reinforcement = 200000 MPa E of concrete 33346 MPa
Modular ratio = Es/Ecm = 6.00 Tensile stress of steel ~ 0.8fy 300 Mpa
Width of flange = 1000 mm Depth of Section 1100 mm
Depth of flange = 200 mm Effective depth, d 958 mm
Width of Section = 300 mm
Clear Cover = 50 mm Design Moment = 1208 kN-m
Hence provide
b1 32 5 4021 78 1022.00 0.00065 129.38
b2 32 5 4021 142 958.00 0.00059 117.58
b3 32 5 4021 206 894.00 0.00053 105.79
b4 32 0 0 270 830.00 0.00047 93.99
Total Area= 12064 mm2 CG = 958 mm Force 1418 kN
Balanced neutral axis depth = 265.73 mm Actual neutral axis depth 320.01 mm
Strain in steel = 0.00059 Stress in steel 117.6 MPa
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0.00029 9.83
1418.48
320.01
NA NA
117.58
0.00059
Total compressive force = 1418.48 kN Total tensile force 1418.48 kN
Compressive force CG = 106.67 mm Moment of resistance 1207.59 kNm
h or D 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100
b 600 300 300 300 300
d 1032 968 968 968 958
Moment -74.10 528.11 905.20 1129.79 1207.59
Ast provided 905 4021 4021 4021 4021
0 4021 4021 4021 4021
0 2413 2413 2413 4021
0 0 0 0 0
Effective depth 1032 1022 1022 1022 1022
0 958 958 958 958
0 894 894 894 894
0 830 830 830 830
Total 904.8 10455.2 10455.2 10455.2 12063.7
Stress in concrete(top) -1.95 4.3 7.4 9.3 9.7 <
Conc. Stress (bottom of flange) 1.5 2.5 3.1 3.6 19.20 Mpa
Actual NA 128 301 301 301 320 O.K.
Stress in steel -82.78 62.14 106.51 132.94 127.20
56.62 97.06 121.14 115.60
51.11 87.60 109.33 104.01
45.59 78.14 97.53 92.41
Total ultimate tensile force = -75 601 1030 1286 1395
Total ultimate compressive force -75 601 1030 1286 1395
Moment of resistance -74.10 528 905 1130 1208
Diff. of moment 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
b) Composite Girder only Thickness of top flange = 225.0 mm
h or D 1325 1325 1325 1325 1325
Width of flange of girder 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
Width of web 600 300 300 300 300
d 1257 1193 1193 1193 1183
Moment except dead load 107.85 593.33 970.79 1214.81 1282.65
Ast provided 905 4021 4021 4021 4021
0 4021 4021 4021 4021
0 2413 2413 2413 4021
0 0 0 0 0
Effective depth 1257 1247 1247 1247 1247
0 1183 1183 1183 1183
0 1119 1119 1119 1119
0 1055 1055 1055 1055
Total 904.8 10455.2 10455.2 10455.2 12063.7
Stress in concrete 2.09 1.6 2.6 3.2 3.3 <
Conc. Stress (bottom of deck) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19.20 Mpa
Conc. Stress (bottom of flange) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 O.K.
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Actual NA 142 190 190 190 201
Stress in steel 98.54 52.95 86.63 108.41 101.50
49.74 81.39 101.85 95.28
46.54 76.15 95.29 89.07
43.33 70.90 88.72 82.86
Compressive force CG 47 63 63 63 67
Diff. of moment 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
c) Stress check Permissible compressive stress of concrete = 19.2 Mpa
Permissible Tensile stress of reinforcement = 300.0 Mpa
Load Combination Description At support Near L/8 Near L/4 Near 3L/8 At L/2
Conc. stress at top of deck 2.1 1.6 2.6 3.2 3.3
Conc. stress at top of girder -2.0 4.3 7.4 9.3 9.7
1xDL+1.2xSIDL+1xLL+0.6xWL Check Reinf. covers tension O.K. O.K. O.K. O.K.
Steel stress at outer reinf.(Mpa) 15.8 115.1 193.1 241.4 228.7
Top of deck 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8
Temp. Rise Top of Girder -1.3 -1.3 -1.3 -1.3 -1.3
Steel stress -50 -39 -39 -39 -34
Temperature stress
Top of deck -2.1 -2.1 -2.1 -2.1 -2.1
Temp. Fall Top of Girder 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
Steel stress 60.9 46.9 46.9 46.9 40.6
1xDL+1.2xSIDL+1xLL+0.6xTL
Check Reinf. covers tension O.K. O.K. O.K. O.K.
with temperature rise
Steel stress at outer reinf.(Mpa) -22.7 90.3 167.3 214.8 205.5
with temperature fall
1xDL+1.2xSIDL+0.75xLL+
1.0xTL with temperature rise
Conc. stress at top of deck -0.6 -1.0 -0.2 0.3 0.3
1.0xTL with temperature fall
5.4.2.Quasi permanent load combination
a) Precast Girder only Same as Rare Combination
b) Composite Girder only Description At support Near L/8 Near L/4 Near 3L/8 At L/2
h or D 1325 1325 1325 1325 1325
Width of web 600 300 300 300 300
d 1257 1193 1193 1193 1183
Ast provided 905 4021 4021 4021 4021
4021 4021 4021 4021
2413 2413 2413 4021
0 0 0 0
Effective depth 1257 1247 1247 1247 1247
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1183 1183 1183 1183
1119 1119 1119 1119
1055 1055 1055 1055
Total 904.8 10455.2 10455.2 10455.2 12063.7
Stress in concrete 3.38 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3
Conc. Stress (bottom of deck) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Conc. Stress (bottom of flange) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Actual NA 142 190 190 190 201
Stress in steel 159.38 4.60 8.16 10.42 9.81
4.32 7.66 9.79 9.21
4.04 7.17 9.16 8.61
3.77 6.68 8.53 8.01
Diff. of moment 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
c) Stress check Permissible compressive stress of concrete ~0.36*fck = 14.4 Mpa
Permissible Tensile stress of reinforcement ~ 0.6fy = 300.0 Mpa
1xDL+1.2xSIDL Check O.K. O.K. O.K. O.K. O.K.
Top of deck 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8
Steel stress -50.3 -38.7 -38.7 -38.7 -33.5
Temperature stress
Top of deck -2.1 -2.1 -2.1 -2.1 -2.1
Steel stress 60.9 46.9 46.9 46.9 40.6
1xDL+1.2xSIDL+0.5xTL with
temperatura rise
Conc. stress at top of deck 2.3 -0.9 -0.8 -0.8 -0.8
temperatura fall
5.4.3. Check for crack width
Crack width, Wk = Sr,max * (εsm-εcm) Check crack width As per IRC : 112-2011
Where,
εsm-εcm = (σsc-kt*fct,eff/ρp,eff*(1+αe*ρp,eff))/Es >= 0.6σsc/Es
σsc = 157.32 Mpa αe =Es/Ecm = 5.998
kt = 0.5 hc,eff=min of [2.5(h-d),(h-x/3),h/2]= 355.0 mm
>= 0.6σsc/Es= 0.000472
k1 = 0.8
φeq=(n1*φ1^2+n2*φ2^2)/((n1*φ1+n2*φ2) = 32.0 mm k2 = 0.5
< 0.3 mm OK
28 of 79
Stress in steel, σs 107.1 90.2 138.1 166.8 157.3
As 904.8 10455.2 10455.2 10455.2 12063.7
Actual NA 128 301 301 301 320
hc,eff 170.0 330.4 330.4 330.4 355.0
ρp,eff 0.009 0.105 0.105 0.105 0.113
εsm-εcm 0.00032 0.00033 0.00057 0.00072 0.00067
φeq 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0
Crack width, Wk 0.273 0.097 0.166 0.208 0.193

Young Modulus = 3.33E+07 kN/m
Distance 0.000 1.781 3.563 5.344 7.125
Moment of Inertia for Precast 0.080 0.076 0.076 0.076 0.076
Moment due to Wt of Precast Girder +Deck -11.6 443.1 765.9 965.6 1040.4
M/EI (1/m) 0.00000 0.00017 0.00030 0.00038 0.00041
1.78 1.781 1.781 1.781

A B C D E
0.00017 2 0.00038
-0.000004 4 3 0.000302 1 0.000410
M/EI Diagram for Iprecast girder

At Midspan
Moment of M/EI
Section Marked Distance CG from M/EI Average Rotation
about A
A 0.00000
B 4 1.781 0.891 0.00017 0.00009 0.00013502 0.00015
C 3 1.781 2.672 0.00030 0.00024 0.00113315 0.00042
D 2 1.781 4.453 0.00038 0.00034 0.0027048 0.00061
E 1 1.781 6.234 0.00041 0.00040 0.004387 0.00070
Total 0.00835997 0.00189
29 of 79
b) Composite Girder (from staad analysis)
= =
So, Midspan deflection due to Wt of Precast Girder +Deck slab+ wt of shuttering -9.01 mm -0.00189
= L/ -1582 Rotation
So, Midspan deflection due to removal of shuttering = = 0.529 mm 0.00010
So, Midspan deflection due SIDL = = -0.516 mm -0.00016
So, Midspan deflection due Footpath Live load = = 0.000 mm 0.00001
So, Midspan deflection due Wind load = = -0.236 mm -0.00005
So, Midspan deflection due Live load = = -3.512 mm -0.00067
Total Deflection at mid span 1xDL+1.2xSIDL+1xLL+0.6xWL = -12.846 mm -0.003
= L/ -1109
shear. The interface shear is resisted by friction at the interface and by reinf. placed across the shear plane.
Vedi = β Ved/zbi
z= Lever arm

Lever arm taken from flexural analysis z (mm) 1237.918 1155.046 1155.046 1155.046 1139.384
hence provide 9 Nos. 12 dia at bottom Ast = 1017.88 mm2
OK
Top reinforcement of girder

30 of 79
5.1. Load calculation INNER GIRDER = 14.50 m
1.000 2.500 1.000
0.35 0.15
0.1 0.057
1.1 0.700 0.450
0.15
0.25
0.15 0.15
0.6 2.900 0.6
= 2.69 kN
= 3.24 kN
18.29 18.29
14.19
0.500 1.50 1.50 7.50 1.50 1.50 0.500
0.500 13.500 0.500

4.50 14.500
Shear Force (kN) 108.2 56.4 51.1 10.2 0.0
6.550
0.500 13.50 0.500

Distance (m) 0.000 1.688 3.375 5.063 6.750
Shear Force (kN) 44.2 33.2 22.1 11.1 0.0
31 of 79
= 10.625 = 7.969 = 10.625
0.55
17.437 13.56 kN/m
0.750 13.50 0.750


Distance (m) 0.000 1.688 3.375 5.063 6.750
Shear Force (kN) 125.7 96.2 66.8 37.4 8.0
Distance (m) 0.000 1.688 3.375 5.063 6.750
Crash Barrier 17.7 65.6 82.2 114.4 -129.7
Wind load (unloaded structure) 4.1 49.8 59.5 70.63 72
Total Live Load 98.0 605.5 699.0 790.1 790.1
32 of 79
Crash Barrier 14.2 16.4 16.8 16.9 -16.0
Total DL 248.2 169.1 134.8 64.5 -8.0
Wind load (unloaded structure) 22.2 15.3 12.3 6.2 -1.8
Total 597.1 433.6 354.1 189.5 110.3

1 1.35
2 1.35 1.75 1.5
3 (a) 1.35 1.75 1.5
3 (b) 1 1 1.5
4 (a) 1.35 1.75 1.5 0.9
4 (b) 1 1 1.5 0.9
5 (a) 1.35 1.75 1.15 1.5
5 (b) 1 1 1.15 1.5
6 (a) 1.35 1.75 1.35 0.9
6 (b) 1 1 1.35 0.9

1 9.3 539.7 891.5 1140.5 889.9
2 167.0 1616.2 2138.9 2553.8 2307.3
3 (a) 25.2 771.8 1166.8 1459.3 1214.6
3 (b) 18.2 559.8 850.4 1065.8 884.3
4 (a) 170.1 1654.5 2184.7 2608.2 2362.7
4 (b) 163.1 1442.5 1868.3 2214.7 2032.5
5 (a) 137.9 1468.1 1970.6 2367.9 2123.2
5 (b) 130.9 1256.1 1654.2 1974.4 1792.9
6 (a) 22.4 808.1 1242.7 1556.4 1319.9
6 (b) 15.4 596.0 926.3 1162.9 989.6
Maximum 9.3 1654.5 2184.7 2608.2 2362.7
33 of 79
1 841.4 612.8 501.0 269.0 166.0
2 (a) 443.4 300.4 238.0 111.5 3.8
2 (b) 322.3 218.7 173.6 81.8 1.3
3 (a) 858.5 624.6 510.4 273.8 167.4
3 (b) 737.4 543.0 446.0 244.1 165.0
4 (a) 770.4 555.0 451.7 238.3 129.9
4 (b) 649.2 473.4 387.2 208.7 127.5
5 (a) 474.4 324.3 252.9 118.9 2.8
5 (b) 353.3 242.6 188.5 89.3 0.4
Maximum 858.5 624.6 510.4 273.8 167.4

1) Dead load
2) Dead load +SIDL

1 1
2 1 1.2
3 (a) 1 1.2 1
3 (b) 1 1 1
4 (a) 1 1.2 1 0.6
4 (b) 1 1 1 0.6
5 (a) 1 1.2 0.75 1
5 (b) 1 1 0.75 1
6 (a) 1 1.2 1 0.6
6 (b) 1 1 1 0.6
7 (a) 1 1.2 0.75 1
7 (b) 1 1 0.75 1

1 6.92 399.79 660.38 844.83 659.15
2 14.24 515.17 796.80 1001.31 818.47
3 (a) 18.29 564.99 856.31 1071.94 890.25
3 (b) 17.07 545.76 833.58 1045.86 863.69
4 (a) 114.29 1146.20 1526.30 1827.60 1645.49
4 (b) 113.07 1126.97 1503.56 1801.52 1618.94
5 (a) 91.19 1011.86 1371.90 1654.24 1472.62
5 (b) 89.97 992.63 1349.16 1628.16 1446.07
6 (a) 112.21 1120.66 1495.78 1791.37 1608.53
6 (b) 110.99 1101.43 1473.04 1765.29 1581.98
7 (a) 87.72 969.28 1321.03 1593.85 1411.01
7 (b) 86.50 950.05 1298.30 1567.77 1384.46
Maximum 6.92 1146.20 1526.30 1827.60 1645.49
34 of 79
1) Dead load +SIDL
1 1
2 1 1.2
3 (a) 1 1.2 0.5
3 (b) 1 1 0.5

Moment
1 6.92 399.79 660.38 844.83 659.15
2 14.24 515.17 796.80 1001.31 818.47
3 (a) 14.24 515.17 796.80 1001.31 818.47
3 (b) 13.02 495.94 774.06 975.23 791.92
Maximum 6.92 515.17 796.80 1001.31 818.47

1000 0.00350 17.87

150 4345 kN
100 429.86
NA NA
1100 300
= 126 4345 kN
600 0.0055

Hence provide
Layer Diameter Nos Area Distance Effective Strain at Stress at
b1 32 5 4021.24 78.00 1022.00 0.00482 434.78
b2 32 5 4021.24 142.00 958.00 0.00430 434.78
b3 25 4 1963.50 192.00 908.00 0.00389 431.80
b4 25 0 0.00 242.00 858.00 0.00349 428.01

35 of 79
Moment 9.34 539.71 891.51 1140.52 889.85
Width of web 600 300 300 300 300
Overall depth (mm) 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100
R = Mu/bd2 0.01 0.56 0.93 1.20 0.94
pt 0.00003 0.00131 0.00219 0.00287 0.00222
Area of 1st layer 904.8 4021.2 4021.2 4021.2 4021.2
2nd layer 4021.2 4021.2 4021.2 4021.2
3rd layer 981.7 981.7 1963.5 1963.5
4th layer 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total 904.8 9024.2 9024.2 10006.0 10006.0
2nd layer 142.00 142.00 142.00 142.00
3rd layer 192.00 192.00 192.00 192.00
4th layer 242.00 242.00 242.00 242.00
2nd layers 958.0 958.00 958.00 958.00
3rd layers 908.0 908.00 908.00 908.00
4th layer 858.0 858.00 858.00 858.00
2nd layers 0.0066 0.0066 0.0043 0.0043
3rd layers 0.0061 0.0061 0.0039 0.0039
4th layer 0.0056 0.0056 0.0035 0.0035
2nd layers 434.78 434.78 434.78 434.78
3rd layers 434.78 434.78 431.80 431.80
4th layer 434.78 434.78 428.01 428.01
Actual NA 46 332 332 430 430
Factor of Safety 42.7 6.3 3.8 3.2 4.1
3500 0.00350 17.87

225 4350 kN
NA 86.96
NA
1325
124.5
0.0448 4350 kN
36 of 79
Hence provide
Distance
Effective Strain at Stress at
Diameter Area of CG
Layer Nos 2 Depth , d ULS ULS
(mm) (mm ) from top
(mm) condition condition
(mm)
b1 32 5 4021.24 78.00 1247.0 0.04669 434.78
b2 32 5 4021.24 142.00 1183.0 0.04411 434.78
b3 25 4 1963.50 192.00 1133.0 0.04210 434.78
b4 25 0 0.00 242.00 1083.0 0.04009 434.78
Moment 9.34 1654.53 2184.71 2608.16 2362.73
Width of web 600 300 300 300 300
Overall depth (mm) 1325 1325 1325 1325 1325
R = Mu/bd2 0.01 0.32 0.43 0.52 0.47
pt 0.00002 0.00075 0.00100 0.00121 0.00109
Area of 1st layer 904.8 4021.2 4021.2 4021.2 4021.2
2nd layer 4021.2 4021.2 4021.2 4021.2
3rd layer 981.7 981.7 1963.5 1963.5
4th layer 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total 904.8 9024.2 9024.2 10006.0 10006.0
2nd layer 142.00 142.00 142.00 142.00
3rd layer 192.00 192.00 192.00 192.00
4th layer 242.00 242.00 242.00 242.00
37 of 79
2nd layers 1183.00 1183.00 1183.00 1183.00
3rd layers 1133.00 1133.00 1133.00 1133.00
4th layer 1083.00 1083.00 1083.00 1083.00
2nd layers 0.0493 0.0493 0.0441 0.0441
3rd layers 0.0471 0.0471 0.0421 0.0421
4th layer 0.0448 0.0448 0.0401 0.0401
2nd layers 434.78 434.78 434.78 434.78
3rd layers 434.78 434.78 434.78 434.78
4th layer 434.78 434.78 434.78 434.78
Actual NA 46 78 78 87 87
Factor of Safety 52.13 2.78 2.11 1.94 2.14
5.3 Shear design

z = 1238 mm
K= 1+sqrt(200/d)<=2.0 = 1.40
vmin = 0.031K^1.5xfck^0.5 = 0.32 MPa
p1 = Asl/bwd <=0.02 = 0.0012
σCP = = 0.00 MPa
≤
≤
≤
acw = 1 9.246
≤
β = av/2d 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Width of beam, b (mm) 600.0 300.0 300.0 300.0 300.0
K= 1.40 1.41 1.41 1.41 1.41
vmin = 0.32 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33
p1 = 0.0012 0.0200 0.0200 0.0200 0.0200
VRD,C= 244.65 241.03 241.03 239.81 239.81
38 of 79
VRD,S= VED - VRD,C 613.8 383.60 269.39 33.96 -72.43
Asv/s required 1.43 0.94 0.66 0.08 -0.18
12 12
2
Area of shear reinf provided Asw/s (mm /mm) 4.189 4.189 1.508 1.508 1.508

Hence provide
b1 32 5 4021 78 1022.00 0.00040 80.62
b2 32 5 4021 142 958.00 0.00037 73.51
b3 25 4 1963 192 908.00 0.00034 67.95
b4 25 0 0 242 858.00 0.00031 62.40
39 of 79
0.00016 5.49
753.21
296.35
NA NA
75.28
0.00038
h or D 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100
b 600 300 300 300 300
d 1032 981 981 974 974
Moment -6.92 399.79 660.38 844.83 659.15
Ast provided 905 4021 4021 4021 4021
0 4021 4021 4021 4021
0 982 982 1963 1963
0 0 0 0 0
Effective depth 1032 1022 1022 1022 1022
0 958 958 958 958
0 908 908 908 908
0 858 858 858 858
Total 904.8 9024.2 9024.2 10006.0 10006.0
Actual NA 128 284 284 296 296 O.K.
Stress in steel -7.73 52.39 86.54 102.09 79.65
47.85 79.04 93.08 72.62
44.30 73.18 86.05 67.14
40.76 67.32 79.01 61.65
Diff. of moment 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
h or D 1325 1325 1325 1325 1325
Width of web 600 300 300 300 300
d 1257 1206 1206 1199 1199
Ast provided 905 4021 4021 4021 4021
0 4021 4021 4021 4021
0 982 982 1963 1963
0 0 0 0 0
Effective depth 1257 1247 1247 1247 1247
0 1183 1183 1183 1183
0 1133 1133 1133 1133
0 1083 1083 1083 1083
Total 904.8 9024.2 9024.2 10006.0 10006.0
40 of 79
Actual NA 142 178 178 186 186
Stress in steel 98.10 75.01 87.01 90.50 90.83
70.51 81.80 85.04 85.35
67.00 77.73 80.78 81.07
63.50 73.66 76.51 76.79
Diff. of moment 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Top of deck 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8
Steel stress -50 -45 -45 -40 -40
Temperature stress
Top of deck -2.1 -2.1 -2.1 -2.1 -2.1
Steel stress 60.9 54.3 54.3 49.0 49.0
Conc. stress at top of girder 0.5 4.0 6.2 7.6 6.1
Conc. stress at top of deck -0.6 -0.6 -0.3 -0.1 -0.1
h or D 1325 1325 1325 1325 1325
Width of web 600 300 300 300 300
d 1257 1206 1206 1199 1199
Ast provided 905 4021 4021 4021 4021
4021 4021 4021 4021
982 982 1963 1963
0 0 0 0
Effective depth 1257 1247 1247 1247 1247
1183 1183 1183 1183
1133 1133 1133 1133
1083 1083 1083 1083
41 of 79
Total 904.8 9024.2 9024.2 10006.0 10006.0
Actual NA 142 178 178 186 186
Stress in steel 19.33 11.59 13.71 14.41 14.67
10.90 12.89 13.54 13.79
10.36 12.25 12.86 13.09
9.82 11.60 12.18 12.40
Diff. of moment 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Top of deck 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8
Steel stress -50.3 -44.8 -44.8 -40.4 -40.4
Temperature stress
Top of deck -2.1 -2.1 -2.1 -2.1 -2.1
Steel stress 60.9 54.3 54.3 49.0 49.0
temperatura rise
temperatura fall
Where,
σsc = 118.80 Mpa αe =Es/Ecm = 5.998
>= 0.6σsc/Es= 0.000356
k1 = 0.8
φeq=(n1*φ1^2+n2*φ2^2)/((n1*φ1+n2*φ2) = 30.3 mm k2 = 0.5
< 0.3 mm OK
42 of 79
As 904.8 9024.2 9024.2 10006.0 10006.0
Actual NA 128 284 284 296 296
hc,eff 170.0 297.3 297.3 315.2 315.2
ρp,eff 0.009 0.101 0.101 0.106 0.106
εsm-εcm 0.00013 0.00034 0.00052 0.00059 0.00048
φeq 30.3 30.3 30.3 30.3 30.3
Crack width, Wk 0.103 0.097 0.149 0.169 0.137

Distance 0.000 1.688 3.375 5.063 6.750
Moment of Inertia for Precast girder 0.080 0.076 0.076 0.076 0.076
M/EI (1/m) 0.00000 0.00016 0.00027 0.00034 0.00037
1.69 1.688 1.688 1.688

A B C D E
0.00016 2 0.00034
-0.000004 4 3 0.000271 1 0.000369

At Midspan
Moment of M/EI
about A
A 0.00000
B 4 1.688 0.844 0.00016 0.00008 0.0001087 0.00013
C 3 1.688 2.531 0.00027 0.00021 0.00091515 0.00036
D 2 1.688 4.219 0.00034 0.00031 0.00218538 0.00052
E 1 1.688 5.906 0.00037 0.00036 0.00354623 0.00060
Total 0.00675547 0.00161
43 of 79
= =
= L/ -2037 Rotation
= L/ -1233

Vedi = β Ved/zbi
z= Lever arm

OK

44 of 79
5.1. Load calculation INNER GIRDER = 13.50 m
1.000 2.500 1.000
0.35 0.15
0.1 0.057
1.1 0.700 0.450
0.15
0.25
0.15 0.15
0.6 2.900 0.6
= 2.69 kN
= 3.24 kN
18.29 18.29
14.19
0.500 1.50 1.50 6.50 1.50 1.50 0.500
0.500 12.500 0.500

4.17 13.500
Shear Force (kN) 101.1 49.4 47.6 8.5 0.0
6.550
0.500 12.50 0.500

Distance (m) 0.000 1.563 3.125 4.688 6.250
Shear Force (kN) 40.9 30.7 20.5 10.2 0.0
45 of 79
= 10.625 = 7.969 = 10.625
0.55
17.437 13.56 kN/m
0.750 12.50 0.750


Distance (m) 0.000 1.563 3.125 4.688 6.250
Shear Force (kN) 117.0 89.7 62.5 35.2 8.0
Distance (m) 0.000 1.563 3.125 4.688 6.250
Crash Barrier 11.9 61.2 80.8 101.4 105.3
Removal of shutter -0.2 0.7 1.0 120.3 1.8
Footpath live load 2.7 1.4 0.3 -2.27 -3.9
Wind load (unloaded structure) 8.4 36.9 47.3 60.57 63
Total Live Load 123.3 523.9 664.4 847.8 904.9
46 of 79
Crash Barrier 26.2 23.2 19.1 9.9 1.6
Total DL 244.3 162.3 129.1 53.6 9.6
Footpath live load -1.3 -1.4 -1.4 -1.5 1.3
Wind load (unloaded structure) 19.7 15.6 12.9 7.3 -0.6
Total 591.5 455.7 382.4 227.3 119.1

1 1.35
2 1.35 1.75 1.5
3 (a) 1.35 1.75 1.5
3 (b) 1 1 1.5
4 (a) 1.35 1.75 1.5 0.9
4 (b) 1 1 1.5 0.9
5 (a) 1.35 1.75 1.15 1.5
5 (b) 1 1 1.15 1.5
6 (a) 1.35 1.75 1.35 0.9
6 (b) 1 1 1.35 0.9

1 1.5 471.1 781.9 987.3 1061.6
2 213.6 1393.1 1956.2 2494.1 2669.7
3 (a) 39.4 654.5 1020.3 1300.1 1392.8
3 (b) 27.4 474.0 741.4 943.4 1010.1
4 (a) 220.0 1421.5 1992.6 2540.7 2718.0
4 (b) 208.0 1241.0 1713.7 2184.0 2335.3
5 (a) 181.2 1257.0 1784.4 2275.1 2433.5
5 (b) 169.1 1076.6 1505.5 1918.4 2050.8
6 (a) 34.3 688.4 1087.2 1383.1 1482.4
6 (b) 22.3 508.0 808.3 1026.4 1099.7
Maximum 1.5 1421.5 1992.6 2540.7 2718.0
47 of 79
1 835.8 647.7 544.9 328.1 178.2
2 (a) 428.4 299.0 241.2 113.3 26.5
2 (b) 311.5 216.6 174.4 81.0 17.7
3 (a) 850.9 659.8 554.8 333.7 178.6
3 (b) 734.0 577.3 488.0 301.4 169.8
4 (a) 760.1 581.7 486.7 285.2 143.4
4 (b) 643.2 499.3 419.9 252.9 134.6
5 (a) 457.5 320.4 254.2 119.4 26.2
5 (b) 340.6 238.0 187.4 87.1 17.3
Maximum 850.9 659.8 554.8 333.7 178.6

1) Dead load
2) Dead load +SIDL

1 1
2 1 1.2
3 (a) 1 1.2 1
3 (b) 1 1 1
4 (a) 1 1.2 1 0.6
4 (b) 1 1 1 0.6
5 (a) 1 1.2 0.75 1
5 (b) 1 1 0.75 1
6 (a) 1 1.2 1 0.6
6 (b) 1 1 1 0.6
7 (a) 1 1.2 0.75 1
7 (b) 1 1 0.75 1

1 1.14 348.95 579.15 731.37 786.34
2 19.75 442.27 701.04 892.51 958.27
3 (a) 28.11 479.15 748.34 953.09 1021.67
3 (b) 25.01 463.60 728.03 926.23 993.02
4 (a) 147.31 985.15 1389.71 1771.41 1895.40
4 (b) 144.20 969.60 1369.39 1744.56 1866.74
5 (a) 119.35 866.79 1239.80 1580.19 1690.63
5 (b) 116.25 851.23 1219.49 1553.33 1661.98
6 (a) 143.01 966.22 1365.42 1740.33 1863.20
6 (b) 139.91 950.66 1345.11 1713.47 1834.55
7 (a) 112.20 835.23 1199.32 1528.37 1636.97
7 (b) 109.10 819.68 1179.01 1501.51 1608.31
Maximum 1.14 985.15 1389.71 1771.41 1895.40
48 of 79
1) Dead load +SIDL
1 1
2 1 1.2
3 (a) 1 1.2 0.5
3 (b) 1 1 0.5

Moment
1 1.14 348.95 579.15 731.37 786.34
2 19.75 442.27 701.04 892.51 958.27
3 (a) 19.75 442.27 701.04 892.51 958.27
3 (b) 16.65 426.72 680.72 865.65 929.61
Maximum 1.14 442.27 701.04 892.51 958.27

1000 0.00350 17.87

150 3669 kN
100 272.35
NA NA
1100 300
= 116 3669 kN
600 0.0106

Hence provide
b1 32 5 4021.24 78.00 1022.00 0.00963 434.78
b2 25 5 2454.37 128.00 972.00 0.00899 434.78
b3 25 4 1963.50 178.00 922.00 0.00835 434.78
b4 25 0 0.00 228.00 872.00 0.00771 434.78

49 of 79
Moment 1.54 471.08 781.85 987.34 1061.56
Width of web 600 300 300 300 300
Overall depth (mm) 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100
R = Mu/bd2 0.00 0.48 0.79 1.02 1.10
pt 0.00001 0.00112 0.00187 0.00242 0.00260
Area of 1st layer 904.8 4021.2 4021.2 4021.2 4021.2
2nd layer 2454.4 2454.4 2454.4 2454.4
3rd layer 981.7 981.7 1963.5 1963.5
4th layer 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total 904.8 7457.4 7457.4 8439.1 8439.1
2nd layer 128.00 128.00 128.00 128.00
3rd layer 178.00 178.00 178.00 178.00
4th layer 228.00 228.00 228.00 228.00
2nd layers 972.0 972.00 972.00 972.00
3rd layers 922.0 922.00 922.00 922.00
4th layer 872.0 872.00 872.00 872.00
2nd layers 0.0135 0.0135 0.0090 0.0090
3rd layers 0.0126 0.0126 0.0083 0.0083
4th layer 0.0118 0.0118 0.0077 0.0077
2nd layers 434.78 434.78 434.78 434.78
3rd layers 434.78 434.78 434.78 434.78
4th layer 434.78 434.78 434.78 434.78
Actual NA 46 200 200 272 272
Difference of force 0 -117 -117 0 0
Factor of Safety 259.2 6.2 3.7 3.3 3.0
3500 0.00350 17.87

225 3669 kN
NA 73.34
NA
1325
124.5
0.0538 3669 kN
50 of 79
Hence provide
Distance
Effective Strain at Stress at
Diameter Area of CG
Layer Nos 2 Depth , d ULS ULS
(mm) (mm ) from top
(mm) condition condition
(mm)
b1 32 5 4021.24 78.00 1247.0 0.05601 434.78
b2 25 5 2454.37 128.00 1197.0 0.05362 434.78
b3 25 4 1963.50 178.00 1147.0 0.05123 434.78
b4 25 0 0.00 228.00 1097.0 0.04885 434.78
Moment 1.54 1421.49 1992.61 2540.70 2717.98
Width of web 600 300 300 300 300
Overall depth (mm) 1325 1325 1325 1325 1325
R = Mu/bd2 0.00 0.27 0.38 0.50 0.53
pt 0.00000 0.00064 0.00089 0.00116 0.00124
Area of 1st layer 904.8 4021.2 4021.2 4021.2 4021.2
2nd layer 2454.4 2454.4 2454.4 2454.4
3rd layer 981.7 981.7 1963.5 1963.5
4th layer 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total 904.8 7457.4 7457.4 8439.1 8439.1
2nd layer 128.00 128.00 128.00 128.00
3rd layer 178.00 178.00 178.00 178.00
4th layer 228.00 228.00 228.00 228.00
51 of 79
2nd layers 1197.00 1197.00 1197.00 1197.00
3rd layers 1147.00 1147.00 1147.00 1147.00
4th layer 1097.00 1097.00 1097.00 1097.00
2nd layers 0.0611 0.0611 0.0536 0.0536
3rd layers 0.0584 0.0584 0.0512 0.0512
4th layer 0.0557 0.0557 0.0488 0.0488
2nd layers 434.78 434.78 434.78 434.78
3rd layers 434.78 434.78 434.78 434.78
4th layer 434.78 434.78 434.78 434.78
Actual NA 46 65 65 73 73
Factor of Safety 316.76 2.72 1.94 1.70 1.59
5.3 Shear design

z = 1238 mm
K= 1+sqrt(200/d)<=2.0 = 1.40
vmin = 0.031K^1.5xfck^0.5 = 0.32 MPa
p1 = Asl/bwd <=0.02 = 0.0012
σCP = = 0.00 MPa
≤
≤
≤
acw = 1 9.246
≤
β = av/2d 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Width of beam, b (mm) 600.0 300.0 300.0 300.0 300.0
K= 1.40 1.41 1.41 1.41 1.41
vmin = 0.32 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33
p1 = 0.0012 0.0200 0.0200 0.0200 0.0200
VRD,C= 244.65 242.97 242.97 241.57 241.57
52 of 79
VRD,S= VED - VRD,C 606.3 416.80 311.86 92.13 -62.92
Asv/s required 1.41 1.01 0.75 0.22 -0.15
12 12
2
Area of shear reinf provided Asw/s (mm /mm) 4.189 4.189 1.508 1.508 1.508

Hence provide
b1 32 5 4021 78 1022.00 0.00055 109.97
b2 25 5 2454 128 972.00 0.00051 102.61
b3 25 4 1963 178 922.00 0.00048 95.25
b4 25 0 0 228 872.00 0.00044 87.88
53 of 79
0.00020 6.76
881.09
275.19
NA NA
104.41
0.00052
h or D 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100
b 600 300 300 300 300
d 1032 992 992 984 984
Moment -1.14 348.95 579.15 731.37 786.34
Ast provided 905 4021 4021 4021 4021
0 2454 2454 2454 2454
0 982 982 1963 1963
0 0 0 0 0
Effective depth 1032 1022 1022 1022 1022
0 972 972 972 972
0 922 922 922 922
0 872 872 872 872
Total 904.8 7457.4 7457.4 8439.1 8439.1
Actual NA 128 261 261 275 275 O.K.
Stress in steel -1.27 53.46 88.73 101.45 109.08
49.95 82.90 94.66 101.77
46.44 77.07 87.86 94.47
42.93 71.24 81.07 87.17
Diff. of moment 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
h or D 1325 1325 1325 1325 1325
Width of web 600 300 300 300 300
d 1257 1217 1217 1209 1209
Ast provided 905 4021 4021 4021 4021
0 2454 2454 2454 2454
0 982 982 1963 1963
0 0 0 0 0
Effective depth 1257 1247 1247 1247 1247
0 1197 1197 1197 1197
0 1147 1147 1147 1147
0 1097 1097 1097 1097
Total 904.8 7457.4 7457.4 8439.1 8439.1
54 of 79
Actual NA 142 164 164 173 173
Stress in steel 133.55 75.44 96.11 110.93 118.29
71.96 91.67 105.77 112.79
68.47 87.24 100.60 107.28
64.99 82.80 95.44 101.77
Diff. of moment 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Top of deck 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8
Steel stress -50 -54 -54 -48 -48
Temperature stress
Top of deck -2.1 -2.1 -2.1 -2.1 -2.1
Steel stress 60.9 65.7 65.7 58.1 58.1
Conc. stress at top of deck 0.0 -0.7 -0.3 0.1 0.3
h or D 1325 1325 1325 1325 1325
Width of web 600 300 300 300 300
d 1257 1217 1217 1209 1209
Ast provided 905 4021 4021 4021 4021
2454 2454 2454 2454
982 982 1963 1963
0 0 0 0
Effective depth 1257 1247 1247 1247 1247
1197 1197 1197 1197
1147 1147 1147 1147
1097 1097 1097 1097
55 of 79
Total 904.8 7457.4 7457.4 8439.1 8439.1
Actual NA 142 164 164 173 173
Stress in steel 19.09 11.07 14.45 17.19 18.34
10.55 13.79 16.39 17.48
10.04 13.12 15.59 16.63
9.53 12.45 14.79 15.78
Diff. of moment 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Top of deck 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8
Steel stress -50.3 -54.2 -54.2 -47.9 -47.9
Temperature stress
Top of deck -2.1 -2.1 -2.1 -2.1 -2.1
Steel stress 60.9 65.7 65.7 58.1 58.1
temperatura rise
temperatura fall
Where,
σsc = 156.44 Mpa αe =Es/Ecm = 5.998
>= 0.6σsc/Es= 0.000469
k1 = 0.8
φeq=(n1*φ1^2+n2*φ2^2)/((n1*φ1+n2*φ2) = 27.9 mm k2 = 0.5
< 0.3 mm OK
56 of 79
As 904.8 7457.4 7457.4 8439.1 8439.1
Actual NA 128 261 261 275 275
hc,eff 170.0 269.1 269.1 289.5 289.5
ρp,eff 0.009 0.092 0.092 0.097 0.097
εsm-εcm 0.00014 0.00036 0.00055 0.00061 0.00066
φeq 27.9 27.9 27.9 27.9 27.9
Crack width, Wk 0.112 0.104 0.160 0.176 0.189

Distance 0.000 1.563 3.125 4.688 6.250
Moment of Inertia for Precast girder 0.080 0.076 0.076 0.076 0.076
M/EI (1/m) 0.00000 0.00014 0.00023 0.00030 0.00032
1.56 1.563 1.563 1.563

A B C D E
0.00014 2 0.00030
-0.000004 4 3 0.000234 1 0.000318

At Midspan
Moment of M/EI
about A
A 0.00000
B 4 1.563 0.781 0.00014 0.00007 7.9808E-05 0.00010
C 3 1.563 2.344 0.00023 0.00018 0.00067531 0.00029
D 2 1.563 3.906 0.00030 0.00026 0.0016137 0.00041
E 1 1.563 5.469 0.00032 0.00031 0.00262044 0.00048
Total 0.00498925 0.00128
57 of 79
= =
= L/ -2571 Rotation
= L/ -1362

Vedi = β Ved/zbi
z= Lever arm

OK

58 of 79
9.0 Cross girder Annexure 3
9.1 End Cross girder
9.1.1 Bearing Replacement condition.
DL of Girder DL of Crash Total DL SIDL
Location (kN) barrier (kN) (kN) (kN)
Outer Girder 344.51 148.28 492.79 24.79
Inner Girder 316.73 -41.35 275.38 53.22
Outer Girder 315.36 63.19 378.55 46.68

Girder location
3.50 3.50 3.50
Jack location
0.90 3.50 0.90
1.70
Position of Jack Location on End Cross Girder
Ma x: 438.000 kNm Ma x: 438.000 kNm
Max : 101.071 kNm

Max : 101.071 kNm
Max : 0 kNm
Ma x: -176.947 kNm Max : -176.947 kNm
Bearing Replacement condition - Dead load moment

Staad Results
1 1 DL 1 0 -485 0 0 0 0.00
2 0 485 0 0 0 -291
2 SIDL 1 0 -24 0 0 0 0
2 0 24 0 0 0 -14.4
2 1 DL 2 0 206.977 0 0 0 291
7 0 -206.977 0 0 0 -21.93
2 SIDL 2 0 8.29 0 0 0 14.4
7 0 -8.29 0 0 0 -3.623
3 1 DL 3 0 -187.102 0 0 0 -88.049
4 0 187.102 0 0 0 -24.212
2 SIDL 3 0 -26.305 0 0 0 -12.393
4 0 26.305 0 0 0 -3.39
Support Span
Support Shear Span Shear
(kN) (kN)
m) m)
DL 291.0 485.0 -24.2 -187.1
SIDL 14.4 24.0 -3.4 8.3
9.1.2 Service condition.
Span = 3.5 mm Self wt of girder 0.4x1.075x25 = 10.8 kN/m
Load combination
Support Span
Support Shear Span Shear
(kN) (kN)
m) m)
DL 13.17 18.81 8.23 0.00
SIDL 7.83 15.26 37.94 15.26
Live load 94 110 44 73
Seismic
59 of 79
9.2 Intermediate Cross girder
Span = 3.5 mm Self wt of girder 0.3x1.075x25= 8.1 kN/m
Load combination
Support Support Shear Span Span Shear
Cross Girder
moment (kN- (kN) moment (kN- (kN)
DL -205.12 14.11 75.17 0.00
SIDL 2.00 41.00 2.00 42.00
Live load 152 100 152 100
Wind load is not considered as wind load effect is very negligble.
9.3 Summary of Bending Moment & Shear Force of Cross girders

End Cross girder Intermediate Cross girder
Location Support Span Support Span
Moment Shear Moment Shear Moment Shear Moment Shear
Bearing
DL 291.00 485.00 -24.21 -187.10
Replacement
SIDL 14.40 24.00 -3.39 8.29
DL 13.17 18.81 8.23 0.00 -205.12 14.11 75.17 0.00
Service
condition
SIDL 7.83 15.26 37.94 15.26 2.00 41.00 2.00 42.00
Live Load 94.00 110.00 44.00 73.00 152.00 100.00 152.00 100.00
Maximum of bearing replacement & service condition is considered for design of end cross girder
Bearing
Replacement
1 1.35 1.75
2(a) 1.35 1.75
Service
condition
2(b) 1.35 1.75 1.5
2 (c) 1 1 1.5
End Cross girder

Moment (kN- Shear Moment
Load Case Shear (kN)
m) (kN) (kN-m)
Bearing
Replacement
1 418.05 696.75 -38.62 -238.08
2(a) 31.48 52.09 77.51 26.70
Service
condition
2(b) 172.48 217.09 143.51 136.20
2 (c) 162.00 199.07 112.17 124.76
Total 418.05 696.75 143.51 136.20
Inner Cross girder

m) (kN) (kN-m)
Bearing
Replacement
1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2(a) -273.42 90.80 104.98 73.50
Service
condition
2(b) -45.42 240.80 332.98 223.50
2 (c) 24.88 205.11 305.17 192.00
Total 24.88 240.80 332.98 223.50
60 of 79
Bearing
Replacement
1 1 1.2
2(a) 1 1.2
Service
condition
2(b) 1 1.2 1
2 (c) 1 1 1
End Cross girder

m) (kN) (kN-m)
Bearing
Replacement
1 308.28 -28.28
2(a) 22.57 53.76
Service
condition
2(b) 116.57 97.76
2 (c) 115.00 90.17
Total 308.28 97.76
Inner Cross girder
Load Case
Bearing
Replacement
1 0.00 0.00
2(a) -202.72 77.57
Service
condition
2(b) -50.72 229.57
2 (c) -51.12 229.17
Total 0.00 229.57

Load Case DL SIDL
Bearing
Replacemen 1 1 1.2
t
Service
2 1 1.2
condition

Moment Moment Moment Moment
Load Case
(kN-m) (kN-m) (kN-m) (kN-m)
Bearing
Replacemen 1 308.28 -28.28 0.00 0.00
t
Service
2 22.57 53.76 -202.72 77.57
condition
Total 308.28 53.76 0.00 77.57

Consider rectangular beam for design of end cross girder.
796.875 0.00350 17.87
225 820 kN
143.34
NA NA
1075
99.5 0.0203 820 kN

400
61 of 79
2 Nos. 20 dia > Hence O.K.
Description At support Span At support Span
Moment 418.05 143.51 24.88 332.98
Width 400 400.00 300.00 300.00
Depth 976 976 976 976
R = Mu/bd2 1.10 0.38 0.09 1.17
pt 0.00261 0.00088 0.00020 0.00278
Ast required for bending 1018.5 342.0 58.8 813.0
Ast required for shear 1520.0 297.1 627.3 582.2
Ast required 1520.0 342.0 627.3 813.0
4 Nos. 4 Nos. 3 Nos. 3 Nos.
1st layers
20 dia + 20 dia + 20 dia + 20 dia +
Reinf provided
2 Nos. 2 Nos. 3 Nos. 3 Nos.
2nd layers
20 dia 20 dia 20 dia 20 dia
Ast provided 1885.0 1885.0 1885.0 1885.0
Actual NA 143 143 191 191
Strain in steel 0.0203 0.0203 0.0144 0.0144
Stress in steel 434.8 434.8 434.8 434.8
Total ultimate tensile force = 820 820 820 820
Total ultimate compressive force 820 820 820 820
Difference of force 0 0 0 0
Compressive force CG 59.6 59.6 79.5 79.5
Moment of resistance 751 751 734 734
Factor of Safety 1.8 5.2 29.52 2.2
Check O.K. O.K. O.K. O.K.
Shear design
Width of beam = 400 mm Effective depth, d 976 mm
z = 916 mm
K= 1+sqrt(200/d)<=2.0 = 1.45
vmin = 0.031K^1.5xfck^0.5 = 0.34 MPa
p1 = Asl/bwd <=0.02 = 0.0048
σCP = = 0.00 MPa
VRD,C= = 167.9 kN
VRD,S= VED - VRD,C = (Asw/s) z fywd Cotθ = 250.1 kN
Asv, provided Cotθ= 1 = 226.19 mm2
62 of 79
Sv = Spacing required = 288.1 mm
Hence Provide 2 -L 12 Stirrups @ 150 c/c

Prestress Force after all losses (kN) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shear demand of Beam (kN) 696.8 136.2 240.8 223.5
Width of beam, b (mm) 400.0 400.0 300.0 300.0
Effective depth, d 975.5 975.5 975.5 975.5
Lever arm taken from flexural analysis z (m) 915.9 915.9 896.0 896.0
K= 1.45 1.45 1.45 1.45
vmin = 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34
p1 = 0.0048 0.0048 0.0064 0.0064
VRD,C= 167.92 167.92 138.48 138.48
Shear reinf. Shear reinf. Shear reinf. Shear reinf.
Check required Not required required required
Minimum area of Shear reinf. reqd Asw/s (mm2/mm) 0.364 0.364 0.273 0.273
Dia of shear reinforcement provided (mm) 16 16 12 12
Number of legs provided 2 2 2 2
Spacing of stirrups provided (mm) 150 150 150 150
Area of shear reinf provided Asw/s (mm2/mm) 2.681 2.681 1.508 1.508
Angle of compression strut θ (degrees) 27.80 27.80 23.82 23.82
Shear resistance provided by reinf V RD,s (kN) 1620 1620 1065 1065
Coeff accounting stress in comp chord αcw 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
Shear capacity of compression strut V RD,max (kN) 1620 1620 1065 1065
Difference in shear resistance (kN) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Shear capacity of the Section (kN) 1620 1620 1065 1065
Factor of Safety associated with failure 2.33 11.89 4.42 4.76
Increase in longitudinal tensile force ∆Ftd (kN) 660.87 129.18 272.74 253.14
Area of steel required for shear due stut & tie model 1519.99 297.12 627.29 582.23
9.5.1. Flexure member Design of end girder support section
Bending Compression of concrete = 19.20 Mpa fctm = Mean tensile strength of concrete
= 2.12 Mpa
2 Nos. 20 dia Moment = 308.3 kN
63 of 79
0.00024 8.17
340.23
208.26
NA NA
340.23
0.00090

End Cross girder Inner Cross girder End Cross girder Inner Cross girder
Description At support Span At support Span At support Span At support Span
h or D 1075 1075 1075 1075 1075 1075 1075 1075
b 400 400 300 300 400 400 300 300
d 976 976 976 976 976 976 976 976
Moment 308.28 97.76 0.00 229.57 308.28 53.76 0.00 77.57
Reinf provided 4 Nos. 4 Nos. 3 Nos. 3 Nos. 4 Nos. 4 Nos. 3 Nos. 3 Nos.
20 dia + 20 dia + 20 dia + 20 dia + 20 dia + 20 dia + 20 dia + 20 dia +
2 Nos. 2 Nos. 3 Nos. 3 Nos. 2 Nos. 2 Nos. 3 Nos. 3 Nos.
Ast provided 1885.0 1885.0 1885.0 1885.0 1885.0 1885.0 1885.0 1885.0
Actual NA 208 208 285 236 208 208 376 236
Stress in steel 180.5 57.2 0.0 135.8 180.5 31.5 0.0 45.9
Total ultimate compressive force 340 108 0 256 340 59 0 86
Diff. of moment 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Max stress in concrete 8.2 Mpa < 19.20 Mpa Ok
Max stress in steel 180.5 Mpa < 300.00 Mpa Ok
64 of 79
σsc = 191.73 Mpa αe =Es/Ecm = 5.998
kt = 0.5 hc,eff=min of [2.5(h-d),(h-x/3),h/2]=
248.8 mm
>= 0.6σsc/Es= 0.000575
k1 = 0.8
φeq=(n1*φ1^2+n2*φ2^2)/((n1*φ1+n2*φ2) = 20.0 mm k2 = 0.5
< 0.3 mm OK
Stress in steel, σs 191.7 39.5 0.0 58.9 at extrem fibre
As 1885.0 1885.0 1885.0 1885.0
Actual NA 208 208 376 236
hc,eff 248.8 248.8 248.8 248.8
ρp,eff 0.019 0.019 0.025 0.025
εsm-εcm 0.00065 0.00012 0.00000 0.00018
φeq 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0
Crack spacing Sr,max 349.5 349.5 349.5 349.5
Crack width, Wk 0.226 0.041 0.000 0.062
Check <0.3 O.K.<0.3
O.K. <0.3 O.K. <0.3 O.K. <0.3 O.K.
65 of 79
Annexure 1
DESIGN OF CROSS GIRDER
From Staad
Max factored support moment (DL+SIDL) = 418.05 kN-m
Max factored span moment (DL+SIDL) = 143.51 kN-m
Width of cross girder 0.4 mm

Designed of deep beam [ As per clause 29, IS 456-2000 ]
Supported span
L 3.5 L/D 3.3 > 2.5 For Continiuos Beam
D 1.075 For Deep Beam
Lever arm Z 0.2X(L+1.5D) 1.0225 mm
For mid span
L 3.5 L/D 3.3 > 2.5 For Continiuos Beam
D 1.075 Deep Beam
Lever arm Z 0.2X(L+1.5D) 1.0225 mm
Required Ast for support Mu/σst*Z = 939.89 mm2
Minimum Ast at bottom =0.2%bd = 860 mm2
Provide 4 no 25 + 4 no 25
at bottom within a depth of (0.25D - 0.05L) 0.09375 m
from bottom face with a development length of (0.8*46*dai of bar) 920 mm
Provide reinforcement 9817.5 mm2
OK
Required Ast for span Mu/σst*Z = 322.64 mm2
The support reinforcement distribution in 2 zone
Type1
Required in the top 0.8D from 0.86 m = 322.64 mm2
Provided Ast 4 + 25 T + 4 25 T + 5 20 T 5497.8 mm2
Steel required on either side of diap OK
Type2
Required in the top 0.2D from 0.215 m = 939.89 mm2
Provided Ast 4 + 25 T + 4 25 T + 2 20 T 4555.3 mm2
OK
Steel required on either side of diap 1125.3 mm2
in 0.6D, i.e.0.3 D on either side of mid depth Steel required =
Provided Ast 7 16 T = 1407.4 mm2
Annexure 2
LATERAL STABILITY CHECK
CHECK FOR TRANSIENT CONDITION
Depth of the beam at mid spanh h 1100 mm
Effective width of compression flange b 600 mm
Distance between torsional restraints Lo 13500 mm
Lo/b 22.50
h/b 1.833 < 3.5
Ok
70/(h/b)0.33 57.310 > 22.50
Ok
SECOND ORDER EFFECTS CAN BE IGNORED IN TRANSIENT CONDITION
CHECK FOR PERSISTENT CONDITION
Effective width of compression flangeb b 3500 mm
Lo 13500 mm
Lo/b 3.86
h/b 0.379 < 3.5
Ok
50/(h/b)0.33 68.894 > 3.86
Ok
SECOND ORDER EFFECTS CAN BE IGNORED IN PRESISTENT CONDITION
CHECK FOR LATERAL STABILITY OF THE BEAM
Effective width of compression flange b 600 mm
Distance between torsional restraints Lo 13500 mm
60be 36 > 13.5

Ok
250b2/h 81.818 > 13.5

Ok
10.0 Design of Deck Slab
Assume Width of Slab = 1.000 m
Maximum cantilever span of deck slab = 1.350 m
10.1 Design of Cantilever Slab beyond outer longitudinal girder
500 mm
Wearing course.
65
225 225 mm
300 1200 mm
1350 mm
Cross Section Showing Cantilever slab
i) Dead load Wt (kN) D (m) M (kN-m)

Slab Uniform 0.225x1.20x25 6.75 0.600 4.050
ii) SIDL Wt (kN) D (m) M (kN-m)

Wearing course 0.065x(1.20-0.5)x22 1.00 0.350 0.350
Crash barrier 7.50 0.965 7.238
Total 8.50 7.59
iii) Live load Only Class-A shall be applicable in cantilever slab

Class-A Loading
171.00 kN 500 mm
150
65
225 mm
225
1080
300
L= 1200 mm
Cross Section Showing placing of Class-A Loading

Axle Loads 11.4 t 114 kN
Size of wheel W= 500 mm
B= 250 mm
Impact Factor 50 %
Total live load of two axles on Cantilever slab 114x(1+50/100) = 171.0 kN
As per Annexure B-3 of IRC 112:2011 bef = 1.2a+b1
a = The distance of the C.G. of loading from support = 0.300 m
b1= The breadth of con.area of the wheel over slab = 0.630 m
bef = 0.990 m
> 1.200 m overlaps
Modified bef 0.99+1.2 = 2.190 m
Dispersed width along tranverse direction =500+(0.065+0.225)x2 = 1.080 m
Dispersion excedes cantilever slab
Shear = 171.0/2.19 78.08 kN/m width
Moment = 78.08x0.30 23.42 kN-m/m width
iv) Summary of moment
DL SIDL Class A Total
Shear 6.75 8.50 78.08 93.33
Moment 4.05 7.59 23.42 35.06
68 of 80
10.2 Deck slab between girders
10.2.1 Dead Load +SIDL CG
Dead load 0.225*25 = 5.625 kN/m
SIDL Crash barrier = 7.50 kN/m 0.235 #REF! m
Wearing course 0.065*22 = 1.43 kN/m 0.00 1.350 m
Footpath load 0.1*22 = 2.20 kN/m 4.350 0.850 m
Railing = 7.00 kN/m 1.115 m
7.5 7.5 0
1.43 kN/m
1.350 3.5 3.5 3.5 1.350
Dead load & SIDL position over Deck
10.2.2 Live Load

i) 70R- Track Loading Add snow load = 0.00 kN/m
4.57
0.84 0.840
2.9
2.06
2.06
1.75
1.35 3.5 3.5 3.5 1.35

70R- Track Loading position over Deck for maximum moment
Centre to centre distance between X-gider b = 6.750 m
Span L = 3.5 m
Total Load = 700 kN
Impact Factor = 25 %
Dispersion of load along direction of movement
As per Annexure B-3 of IRC 112:2011 bef = α a(1-a/L)+b1
b/L = 1.93 α = 2.6
a1 = 1.75 m
Thickness of W/C = 65 mm Thick. of Deck slab = 225 mm
b1 =4.57+0.065x2 = 4.70 m
bef 1 = 6.975 m
For Second Wheel a2 = 0.31 m

bef 2 = 5.435 m
Dispersion of load along Span
Effective Width = =0.84+(0.065+0.225)x2 = 1.420 m
Intensity of Loading =700/2x(1+0.25)/(6.98x1.42) = 44.2 kN/m
69 of 80
ii) 70R- Wheel Loading Add snow load = 0.00 kN/m
40T Bogie loading
=10/((0.86-0.05)x5.273x10) 1.22
0.234
0.86 0.86
2.79
1.93
Position of 70R Wheel bogie load
1.93
1.75
1.35 3.5 3.5 3.5 1.35

Total Load = 400 kN
α = 2.6 a = 1.75 m
b1 =0.234+0.065x2 = 0.364 m
bef = 2.639 m
> 1.220 m Overlaps.
Modified bef =2.639+1.22 = 3.859 m

bef 2 = 0.808 m
Modified bef =0.808+1.22 = 2.028 m
< 1.930 m Not overlaps.
Add snow load = 2.50 kN/m
70 of 80
iii) Class-A Loading
2 Nos. 11.4 T Axle
1.2
0.250
0.5 0.50
2.3
1.8
Position of Class-A loading
1.750 1.8 1.7 1.8
1.35 3.5 3.5 3.5 1.35

Each Axle load = 114 kN
α = 2.6 For Ist Wheel a = 1.750 m
b1 =0.250+0.065x2 = 0.380 m bef = 1.868 m
> 1.200 m Overlaps.
Modified bef1 = 3.068 m
For 2nd Wheel a = 0.05 m
bef = 0.508 m
< 1.200 kN-m Not overlaps.
For 3rd Wheel a = 1.75 m
bef = 2.655 m
For 4th Wheel a = 0.05 m
bef = 0.508 m
Intensity of 1st Wheel=114x(1+0.50)/(3.068x1.080) = 51.6 kN/m
Intensity of 2nd Wheel=114x(1+0.50)/(1.708x1.080) = 92.7 kN/m
Intensity of 3rd Wheel=114x(1+0.50)/(3.855x1.080) = 41.1 kN/m
Intensity of 4th Wheel=114x(1+0.50)/(1.708x1.080) = 92.7 kN/m
Staad Outputs
2 1 SELFWEIGHT 0 0 9.58 0 0 0 5.126
0.875 0 4.658 0 0 0 -1.104
1.75 0 -0.263 0 0 0 -3.026
2.625 0 -5.185 0 0 0 -0.643
3.5 0 -10.107 0 0 0 6.048
2 SIDL 0 0 5.853 0 0 0 9.254
0.875 0 4.602 0 0 0 4.68
1.75 0 3.351 0 0 0 1.201
2.625 0 2.099 0 0 0 -1.184
3.5 0 0.848 0 0 0 -2.473
3 70R TRACKED LIVE
0 LOAD 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.875 0 0 0 0 0 0
1.75 0 0 0 0 0 0
71 of 80
2.625 0 0 0 0 0 0
3.5 0 0 0 0 0 0
4 70R WHEELED LIVE0 LOAD0 0 0 0 0 0
0.875 0 0 0 0 0 0
1.75 0 0 0 0 0 0
2.625 0 0 0 0 0 0
3.5 0 0 0 0 0 0
5 CLASS A LIVE LOAD
0 0 19.083 0 0 0 0
0.875 0 19.083 0 0 0 -16.698
1.75 0 -8.781 0 0 0 -25.872
2.625 0 -36.645 0 0 0 -1.331
3.5 0 -82.995 0 0 0 42.32
10.2.3 Summary of Moments from staad output
Member Node Location DL SIDL LL Total
2 2 Mid span 3.026 -1.201 25.872 27.697
Inner
2 3 6.048 -2.473 42.32 45.895
support
10.3 Design of Cantilever Slab over pier

65
400 400 mm
400 550 mm
End cross Girder 750 mm
Wearing course.
i) Dead load +SIDL Wt (kN) D (m) M (kN-m)
Slab Uniform 0.4x0.55x25 5.50 0.275 1.513
Varying (0.4-0.4)x0.55/2x25 0.00 0.183 0.000
Wearing course 0.065x0.55x22 0.79 0.275 0.216
Total 6.29 1.73
ii) 70R-Tracked Loading 52.65 kN
65
400
400
L= 550 mm
Wearing course.
Cross Section Showing placing of 70R-Tracked Loading
Total load per track = 350 kN
Length of Track = 4.57 m
Total weight on Cantilever slab 350x0.55x(1+25/100)/4.57 = 52.7 kN
Overall width of track = 0.84 m
As per Annexure B-3 of IRC 112:2011
bef = 1.2a+b1
bef = = 1.300 m
< 2.060 m
does not overlap
Shear = 52.7/1.3 40.50 kN/m width
Moment = 52.7x0.275/1.3 11.14 kN-m/m width
72 of 80
iii) 70R-Wheeled Loading- 20t axle load 250.00 kN
65
400
400
L= 550 mm
Cross Section Showing placing of 70R-Wheeled Loading

Total Load = 200 kN
Total weight on Cantilever slab 200x(1+25/100) = 250.0 kN
Width of track along tranverse direction = 0.234 m
bef = 1.2a+b1
bef = = 1.510 m
< 2.040 m
does not overlap each other
Modified bef 1.51 = 1.510 m
Shear = 250.0/2/1.51 82.81 kN/m width
Moment = 250.0/2x0.43/1.51 35.85 kN-m/m width
iv) Class-A Loading 171.00 kN
65
400
400
L= 550 mm

Loads 11.4 t axle 114 kN
B= 250 mm
Impact Factor 50 %
bef = 1.2a+b1
bef = 1.140 m
< 1.800 m
does not overlap
Shear = 171.0/2/1.14 75.00 kN/m width
73 of 80
v) Summary of loading
DL SIDL 70R- Tracked
70R- Wheeled
Class A
Shear 5.50 0.79 40.50 82.81 75.00
Moment 1.51 0.22 11.14 35.85 31.88
10.4 Summary of Bending Moment of slab
Tranverse section of slab Cantilever
Location slab at exp.
End support Span Inner support Joint
DL 4.05 3.026 6.048 1.51
Service SIDL 7.59 -1.201 -2.473 0.22
condition
Live Load 23.42 25.872 42.32 35.85

1(a) 1.35 1.75
Service
condition
1(b) 1.35 1.75 1.5
1(c) 1 1 1.5
Cant. slab at
Tranverse section of slab exp. Joint
Inner
End support Moment (kN-
Load Case (kN-m)
Span (kN-m) support (kN-
m)
m)
1(a) 18.75 1.98 3.84 2.42
Service
condition
1(b) 53.88 40.79 67.32 56.20
1(c) 46.78 40.63 67.06 55.50
Total 53.88 40.79 67.32 56.20
1(a) 1 1.2
Service
condition
1(b) 1 1.2 1
1(c) 1 1 1
Cant. slab at
Inner
Load Case (kN-m)
m)
m)
1(a) 13.16 1.58 3.08 1.77
Service
condition
1(b) 36.58 27.46 45.40 37.62
1(c) 35.06 27.70 45.90 37.58
Total 36.58 27.70 45.90 37.62

Load Case DL SIDL
Service
1 1 1.2
condition
Cant. slab at
Inner
Load Case (kN-m)
m)
m)
Service
1 13.16 1.58 3.08 1.77
condition
74 of 80
Design of End support
0.00350 17.87
874 kN
61.16
225 NA NA
48 0.0066 874 kN
1000 Strain Diagram Stress Diagram

R = Mu/bd2 = 1.720 MPa Design Moment = 53.88 kN-m
Min. reinforcement 0.26xf /f
ctm ykxb txd but not less than 0.0013b td = 230.1 mm2
Hence provide 16 dia @ 200 c/c Ast = 2010.6 mm2
16 dia @ 200 c/c > 738.4 mm2 Hence O.K.

> 54 kNm Hence O.K.
Tranverse section of slab Cant. slab
Description End Inner
Span Support
support support
Moment 53.88 40.79 67.32 56.20
Width 1000 1000.00 1000.00 1000.00
Overall depth 225 225 225 400
Effective depth 177 177 177 352
R = Mu/bd2 1.72 1.30 2.15 0.45
pt 0.00417 0.00311 0.00529 0.00106
@ 200 c/c 200 dia 200 dia @ 150 c/c
Reinf provided
@ 200 c/c 200 dia 200 dia @ 150 c/c
Ast provided 2010.6 1131.0 1131.0 1508.0
Actual NA 61 34 34 46
Strain in steel 0.0066 0.0145 0.0145 0.0234
Stress in steel 434.8 434.8 434.8 434.8
75 of 80
10.6.1. Flexure member
Bending Compression of concrete = 19.20 Mpa fctm = Mean tensile strength of concrete = 2.12 Mpa
16 dia 200 c/c
Design Moment = 36.58 kN-m
0.00025 8.47
230.25
54.38
NA NA
230.25
0.00057
Section is over reinforced =
Tranverse section of slab Cant. slab Tranverse section of slab Cant. slab
Description Inner Inner
End support Span Support End support Span Support
support support
h or D 225 225 225 400 225 225 225 400
b 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
d 177 177 177 352 177 177 177 352
Moment 36.58 27.70 45.90 37.62 13.16 1.58 3.08 1.77
Reinf provided 16 dia 12 dia 12 dia 12 dia 16 dia 12 dia 12 dia 12 dia
@ 200 c/c @ 200 c/c @ 200 c/c @ 150 c/c @ 200 c/c @ 200 c/c @ 200 c/c @ 150 c/c
Ast provided 2010.6 1131.0 1131.0 1508.0 2010.6 1131.0 1131.0 1508.0
Actual NA 54.38 42.69 42.69 71.26 54.38 42.69 42.69 71.26
Stress in steel 114.5 150.5 249.3 76.0 41.2 8.6 16.7 3.6
230
Total ultimate compressive force 170 282 115 83 10 19 5
Diff. of moment 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

76 of 80
σsc = 114.52 Mpa αe =Es/Ecm = 5.998
>= 0.6σsc/Es= 0.000344
k1 = 0.8
φeq=(n1*φ1^2+n2*φ2^2)/((n1*φ1+n2*φ2) = 16.0 mm k2 = 0.5
< 0.3 mm OK
Span Support
support support
Stress in steel, σs 114.5 150.5 249.3 76.0
As 2010.6 1131.0 1131.0 1508.0
Actual NA 54 43 43 71
hc,eff 112.5 112.5 112.5 120.0
ρp,eff 0.018 0.010 0.010 0.013
εsm-εcm 0.00034 0.00045 0.00075 0.00023
φeq 16.0 12.0 12.0 12.0
Crack width, Wk 0.099 0.153 0.253 0.068
Check <0.3 O.K. <0.3 O.K. <0.3 O.K. <0.3 O.K.
10.6.3. Tranverse reinforcement

Main reinf. provided = 2010.6 mm2
As per clause 16.6.1.1 (3) of IRC-112:2011, minimum tranverse reinforcement is 20% of main reinforcement.
Minimum tranverse reinforcement = 402.1 mm2
As per clause 16.5.4 (4) of IRC-112:2011,the area of surface reinforcement is 0.01 Act ext.
Where Act ext is the area of cover = 400.0 mm2
Stress at top of deck slab near support section exceeds the permissible tensile stress i.e. 1.53Mpa.
Maximum tensile stress = -0.96 MPa Maximum tensile force = -108.30 kN/m width
Permissible working stress = 300.00 MPa Area of reinforcement required = 361.00 mm2
Hence Provide 12 dia 150 c/c at top & bottom Ast provided = 1277.58 mm2
10 dia 150 c/c at top of supports Hence O.K.
77 of 80
11 Pre cast deck slab
11.1 Check for ultimate strength of deck in Flexure :-

Slab Uniform 0.125x1.00x25 3.13 2.400 2.250
ii) LL Wt (kN) D (m) M (kN-m)

Wearing course 5 kN/m2 12.00 2.400 8.640
Total 12.00 8.64

0.00350 17.87
1165 kN
33.96
125 NA NA
56 0.0036 1165 kN

Lower fractile tensile f ctm = 2.12 MPa Where, pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
12 dia @ 200 c/c > 556.4 mm2 Hence O.K.

Balanced neutral axis depth = 31.47 mm Actual neutral axis depth = 33.96 mm 0.00
> 16 kNm Hence O.K.
= 2.12 Mpa
Hence provide 12 dia @ 200 dia Ast = 2714.3 mm2
12 dia @ 200 dia
Strain in steel = 0.00033 Stress in steel = 66.0 MPa Ok
Comp. stress of concrete = 6.08 Mpa Ok
0.00018 6.08
179.07
24.56
NA NA
179.07
0.00033
11.3 Summary of Moments from staad output
2 2 Mid span 0.263 3.351 8.781 12.395
Inner
2 3 10.107 5.853 82.995 98.955
support
1(a) 1.35 1.75
Service
1(b) 1.35 1.75 1.5
condition
1(c) 1 1 1.5
Tranverse section of slab
End
Load Case support (kN- Span (kN-m)
m)
1(a) 23.89 6.22
Service
1(b) 148.38 19.39
condition
1(c) 140.45 16.79
Total 148.38 19.39
11.4 Interface Shear Design for Composite section
The interface shear stress, V edi <= the resisting capacity at the section, V Rdi
Vedi = β Ved/zbi
z= Lever arm
σn = the minimum co existing normal stress < 0.6f cd = 0.00 Mpa
Description Support L/2

Shear demand of Beam,VEd (kN) 148.38 19.39
Ratio of Longitudinal forces (β) 0.30 0.30
Lever arm taken from flexural analysis z (m) 1.238 0.163
Interface Width bi ( mm) 2400 2400
Design value of Shear Stress vEdi ( MPa) 0.01 0.01
Roughness Co-efficient, µ 0.70 0.70
Stress caused by minimum external normal force 0.0 0.0
Dia of shear reinforcement provided (mm) 12 12
Number of legs provided 12 12
Spacing of stirrups provided (mm) 200 200
Minimum reinf.=0.15% of area of interface 3600 3600
Area of Reinforcement at interface, As (mm2/m) 6785.84 6785.84
Area of the joint, Ai (mm2) 540000 540000
Strength reduction factor (ν) 0.60 0.60
Design shear resistance at the Interface (vRdi) 4.40 4.40
Status with respect to the Interface Shear Ok Ok
DESIGN CALCULATION OF 18.86M SPAN RCC-T GIRDER
2 Design Data for Simply Supported RCC I-Girder of span 18.85m - Straight span
Avgerage Radius of curvature R 100000000 m Design velocity of vehicle = 100 kmph

Number of RCC longitudinal girder =3 Nos. Spacing of longitudinal girder = 3.50 m
Number of cross girder =3 Nos. Avg Cant. span of deck slab = 1.350 m
Shifting of girders towards outer side = 0.000 m
Length of girder, LG3 = 13.50 m
But actual length of girders varies slightly due to presence of transition/part straight part curve and
measures from autocad drawings.
Actual length of girder, LG1 = 15.25 m Actual length of girder, LG2 = 14.50 m
Actual length of girder, LG3 = 13.50 m
Top width of precast girder = 1.00 m Width of web of RCC girder(support) = 0.60 m
Thickness of End cross girder = 0.45 m Width of web of RCC girder(span) = 0.30 m


2.4.3 Bearing
Type of bearing = Elastomeric Seismic Zone Zone IV
1 of 42
All Precast girders shall be cast at casting bed and all girders shall be ercted over bearing locations one
by one and Deck slab & X-Girder shall be cast erecting necessary shuttering from precast girder at 60 days.
After 30 days casting of Deck Slab i.e. after 90 days casting of Precast Girder, all shuttering material
shall be removed and SIDL shall be laid.
9.700
0.5 7.500 0.50
50 thk w/c
0.225 1.000
0.15
0.1
1.400 LG1 LG2 0.750 LG3
0.15
0.6 0.25
1.350 3.500 3.500 1.350
Section X-X
Center of Symmetry
0.225
0.15
0.10 0.30
1.50 1.50
0.45 1.400 1.150
0.15
0.25
0.75 17.35
18.85
0.500
2 of 42
Section Y-Y
X
1.350 Footpath 1.350

Y Y
Girder-LG1 Longitudinal girder
3.50
9.700 Girder-LG2
= 0.000 3.50
Girder-LG3
3.50 Cross Girder
1.350
X
0.750 17.35
18.85
Plan
3 of 42
3.0 Sectional properties of Girder
1.000
0.15 1 1
0.1 2 2
0.35
D= 1.400 3
0.15 4 4
0.25 5 5
0.15 0.3
0.6

CG from
Bottom (d'i)
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m2) (m) (m3) (m4) (m4) (m4)
1 0.350 0.150 2 0.1050 1.325 0.13913 0.18434 0.000197 0.18454
2 0.350 0.100 2 0.0350 1.217 0.04258 0.05181 0.000019 0.05183
3 0.300 1.400 1 0.4200 0.700 0.29400 0.20580 0.068600 0.27440
4 0.150 0.150 2 0.0225 0.300 0.00675 0.00203 0.000028 0.00205
5 0.150 0.250 2 0.0750 0.125 0.00938 0.00117 0.000391 0.00156
Total A = 0.658 m2
Total CG from bottom CG = =A/Axd'i = 0.748m
Total Moment of Inertia about CG =ICG(i) + A ( d'i )2 -Ax CG^2 = 0.146m4
Z Top =I/(D-CG) = 0.225m3
ZBottom =I/CG = 0.196m3

1.000
0.15 1 1
0.057 2 2
0.2
D= 1.400 3
0.6

CG from
Bottom (d'i)
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m2) (m) (m3) (m4) (m4) (m4)
1 0.2000 0.150 2 0.0600 1.325 0.07950 0.10534 0.000113 0.10545
2 0.2000 0.057 2 0.0114 1.231 0.01407 0.01732 0.000002 0.01732
3 0.600 1.400 1 0.8400 0.700 0.58800 0.41160 0.137200 0.54880
4 of 42
Total A = 0.911 m2
Z Top =I/(D-CG) = 0.248 m3
3.3.
3.500
1
Y
1 0.225
0.15 2 2
0.1 3 3
0.35
D= 1.400 Z 4 Z
0.15 5 5
0.25 6 6
0.15 0.3
0.6
Y
CG from
Bottom (d'i)
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m2) (m) (m3) (m4) (m4) (m4)
1 3.500 0.225 1 0.7875 1.513 1.19109 1.80153 0.003322 1.80485
2 0.350 0.150 2 0.1050 1.325 0.13913 0.18434 0.000197 0.18454
3 0.350 0.100 2 0.0350 1.217 0.04258 0.05181 0.000019 0.05183
4 0.300 1.400 1 0.4200 0.700 0.29400 0.20580 0.068600 0.27440
5 0.150 0.150 2 0.0225 0.300 0.00675 0.00203 0.000028 0.00205
6 0.150 0.250 2 0.0750 0.125 0.00938 0.00117 0.000391 0.00156
Total A = 1.445 m2
3
CG from
Centre (d'i)
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m2) (m) (m3) (m4) (m4) (m4)
1 0.225 3.500 1 0.7875 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.803906 0.80391
2 0.150 0.350 2 0.1050 0.325 0.00000 0.01109 0.001072 0.01216
3 0.100 0.350 2 0.0350 0.267 0.00000 0.00249 0.000238 0.00273
4 1.400 0.300 1 0.4200 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.003150 0.00315
5 0.150 0.150 2 0.0225 0.200 0.00000 0.00090 0.000028 0.00093
6 0.250 0.150 2 0.0750 0.225 0.00000 0.00380 0.000141 0.00394
5 of 42
Id. No. d b d/b k J0 = kb3d 1 0.225
4
(m) (m) (m ) 0.8600 2 0.250
1 3.5000 0.2250 15.556 0.333 0.01328
2 0.8600 0.2500 3.440 0.271 0.00364
3 0.750
3 0.7500 0.3000 2.500 0.249 0.00504 0.3
4 0.5438 0.4000 1.359 0.182 0.00633
0.5438
3.4.
3.500
1
Y
1 0.225
0.15 2 2
0.057 3 3
0.2
D= 1.400 X 4 X
0.6
Y
CG from
Bottom (d'i)
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m2) (m) (m3) (m4) (m4) (m4)

1 3.5000 0.225 1 0.7875 1.5125 1.19109 1.80153 0.003322 1.80485
2 0.2000 0.150 2 0.0600 1.325 0.07950 0.10534 0.000113 0.10545
3 0.2000 0.057 2 0.0114 1.231 0.01407 0.01732 0.000002 0.01732
4 0.600 1.400 1 0.8400 0.700 0.58800 0.41160 0.137200 0.54880
Total A = 1.699 m2
CG from
Centre (d'i)
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m2) (m) (m3) (m4) (m4) (m4)
1 0.225 3.500 1 0.7875 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.803906 0.80391
2 0.150 0.200 2 0.0600 0.400 0.00000 0.00960 0.000200 0.00980
3 0.057 0.200 2 0.0114 0.667 0.00000 0.00508 0.000025 0.00510
4 1.400 0.600 1 0.8400 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.025200 0.02520
Id. No. d b d/b k J0 = kb3d 1 0.225
4
(m) (m) (m ) 0.9448 2 0.207
1 3.5000 0.2250 15.556 0.333 0.01328
2 0.9448 0.2071 4.561 0.287 0.00241 3
1.193
3 1.1929 0.6000 1.988 0.228 0.05880 0.6
6 of 42
3.5.
3.500
1
Y
1 0.225
0.15 2 2
0.079 3 3
0.275
D= 1.400 X 4 X
0.075 5 5
0.25 6 6
0.075 0.45
0.6
Y
CG from
Bottom (d'i)
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m2) (m) (m3) (m4) (m4) (m4)
1 3.500 0.225 1 0.7875 1.513 1.19109 1.80153 0.003322 1.80485
2 0.275 0.150 2 0.0825 1.325 0.10931 0.14484 0.000155 0.14499
3 0.275 0.079 2 0.0216 1.224 0.02644 0.03236 0.000007 0.03237
4 0.450 1.400 1 0.6300 0.700 0.44100 0.30870 0.102900 0.41160
5 0.075 0.075 2 0.0056 0.275 0.00155 0.00043 0.000002 0.00043
6 0.075 0.250 2 0.0375 0.125 0.00469 0.00059 0.000195 0.00078
CG from
Centre (d'i)
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m2) (m) (m3) (m4) (m4) (m4)
1 0.225 3.500 1 0.7875 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.803906 0.80391
2 0.150 0.275 2 0.0825 0.363 0.00000 0.01084 0.000520 0.01136
3 0.079 0.275 2 0.0216 0.317 0.00000 0.00217 0.000091 0.00226
4 1.400 0.450 1 0.6300 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.010631 0.01063
5 0.075 0.075 2 0.0056 0.250 0.00000 0.00035 0.000002 0.00035
6 0.250 0.075 2 0.0375 0.263 0.00000 0.00258 0.000018 0.00260
Id. No. d b d/b k J0 = kb3d 1 0.225
(m) (m) 4
(m ) 0.9055 2 0.229
1 3.5000 0.2250 15.556 0.333 0.01328
2 0.9055 0.2286 3.961 0.281 0.00303
3 0.846
3 0.8464 0.4500 1.881 0.221 0.01706 0.45
4 0.5827 0.3250 1.793 0.215 0.00431
0.5827
7 of 42
3.6.
1.084
1 0.225
2 1.150
0.30

CG from
Bottom (d'i)
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m2) (m) (m3) (m4) (m4) (m4)
1 1.0844 0.225 1 0.2440 1.263 0.30803 0.38889 0.001029 0.38992
2 0.3000 1.150 1 0.3450 0.575 0.19838 0.11407 0.038022 0.15209
CG from
Centre (d'i)
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m2) (m) (m3) (m4) (m4) (m4)
1 0.225 1.084 1 0.2440 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.023908 0.02391
2 1.150 0.300 1 0.3450 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.002588 0.00259
(m) (m) (m4)
1 1.0844 0.2250 4.819 0.290 0.00358
2 1.1500 0.3000 3.833 0.279 0.00867
8 of 42
3.7.
0.917
1 0.225
2 1.150
0.45

CG from
Bottom (d'i)
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m2) (m) (m3) (m4) (m4) (m4)
1 0.9172 0.225 1 0.2064 1.263 0.26054 0.32893 0.000871 0.32980
2 0.4500 1.150 1 0.5175 0.575 0.29756 0.17110 0.057033 0.22813
CG from
Centre (d'i)
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m2) (m) (m3) (m4) (m4) (m4)
1 0.225 0.917 1 0.2064 0.059 0.01209 0.00071 0.014467 0.01518
2 1.150 0.450 1 0.5175 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.008733 0.00873
(m) (m) (m4)
1 0.9172 0.2250 4.076 0.282 0.00294
2 1.1500 0.4500 2.556 0.251 0.02626
Desription Unit At span At support At Flared Girder Cross
Cross-sectional area m2 1.4450 1.6989 1.5647 0.7239 0.5890
Moment of inertia about major axis X-X m4 0.3592 0.4123 0.3836 0.1276 0.1066
Moment of inertia about major axis Y-Y m4 0.8268 0.8440 0.8311 0.0237 0.0265
Torsional stiffness m4 0.0283 0.0745 0.0377 0.0292 0.0123
Torsional Moment of Inertia J0 = 3xb3xd3/{10x(b2+d2)}
(if b>5d<10d) 3/{10x(1+(b/d)2)}
J0 = kb3d
d/b k d/b k
1.00 0.141 3.00 0.263
1.20 0.166 4.00 0.281
1.50 0.196 5.00 0.291
2.00 0.229 10.00 0.312
2.25 0.240 >10.00 0.333
2.50 0.249
9 of 42
4.1 Crash Barrier - per m 150 50 200
Sl No Area(m2) 200
a 0.45x0.165 0.074 1.856 0.225 0.418
b 1/2x(0.5+0.25)x0.05 0.019 0.469 0.033 0.016 500 f
c (0.5+0.25)x0.2 0.150 3.750 0.150 0.563 c
d 0.25x0.05 0.013 0.313 0.275 0.086 d
e 1/2x0.25x0.15 0.019 0.469 0.350 0.164 250 b
f 1/2x0.5x0.05 0.013 0.313 0.267 0.083 e 450
g 0.100 0.150 0.015 mm
Total 0.287 7.269 1.344 165 a
Say, = 7.5 kN/m 450
Dead load of Footpath - per m

Thickness of footpath finish = 250 mm Unit weight = 24 kN/m3
Dead Load of footpath at each side = 1.2x20/1000x24 = 7.2 kN/m
Distance from outer girder LG1 = (1.350-1.35000037747585-3.5/2 = 0.250 m
SIDL (Weight of wearing course)- per m

Width Lever arm
Inner girder LG3 = 1.8 m = 3.850 kN/m 0.875 m
10 of 42
A1 = Solid area as seen in elevation. =18.85x(1.625+0.05+1.05) = 51.366 sqm
A3 = Plan area of the Superstructure =18.85x9.7 = 182.845 sqm
considered)

of 33 speed
2
Vz (m/s) Pz (N/m )
2
10 27.8 463.7 17.8 190.5 < 10 39.6 940.6 25.4 386.4
15 29.2 512.5 19.6 230.5 15 41.6 1039.6 27.9 467.6
20 30.3 550.6 21 265.3 20 43.2 1116.9 29.9 538.2
30 31.4 590.2 22.8 312.2 30 44.7 1197.2 32.5 633.3
50 33.1 659.2 24.9 370.4 50 47.1 1337.2 35.5 751.3
60 33.6 676.3 25.6 392.9 60 47.9 1371.9 36.5 797.0
70 34.0 693.6 26.2 412.8 70 48.4 1406.9 37.3 837.4
80 34.4 711.2 26.9 433.3 80 49.0 1442.6 38.3 878.9
90 34.9 729.0 27.5 454.2 90 49.7 1478.8 39.2 921.3
100 35.3 747.0 28.2 475.6 100 50.3 1515.3 40.2 964.7
11 of 42
2
2
2

of 33 speed
2
Vz (m/s) Pz (N/m )
2
(m) Vz (m/s) Pz (N/m ) Vz (m/s) Pz (N/m2)
2
10 27.8 463.7 17.8 190.5 < 10 30.33 551.84 19.42 226.71

15 29.2 512.5 19.6 230.5 15 31.85 609.92 21.38 274.31
20 30.3 550.6 21 265.3 20 33.05 655.26 22.91 315.73
30 31.4 590.2 22.8 312.2 30 34.25 702.39 24.87 371.54
50 33.1 659.2 24.9 370.4 50 36.11 784.50 27.16 440.81
60 33.6 676.3 25.6 392.9 60 36.65 804.85 27.93 467.58
70 34.0 693.6 26.2 412.8 70 37.09 825.44 28.58 491.27
80 34.4 711.2 26.9 433.3 80 37.53 846.39 29.35 515.66
90 34.9 729 27.5 454.2 90 38.07 867.57 30.00 540.54
100 35.3 747 28.2 475.6 100 38.51 888.99 30.76 566.00
12 of 42
2
2
2

Where,
/
P= P - (40L-300)/9 P/ = 500 Kg/m
2
L= 17.35 m
2
W= 1.2 m P= 456.2 Kg/m
4.5 Live Load
13 of 42
27 27 114 114 68 68 68 68
1.1 3.2 1.2 4.3 3.0 3.0 3.0
18.80
Live Load Position
9.70
0.50 7.50 0.5
0.4
1.8 1.7 1.8
2.70 4.100 7.600

6.20

14 of 42
a) Temperature Rise
3500
17.3
150 A h1 =0.3h<0.15m = 150mm
75 B -1.25 4
175 C 1000 2.8 h2 =0.3h>0.1m = 250mm
-25 D <0.25m
100 E 650
F
750 300 h= 1625 mm
883
1.17
150 G 450
100 H 1.53
150 I 1.77 h3 =0.3h<0.15m = 150mm
2.13 2.1
600
y (m) Aty (m3
Zone b (m) d (m) A (m2) Ay (m3) Ay2 (m4) t (0C) At(m2 0C) 0
from top C)
A 3.5 0.15 0.5250 0.0750 0.0394 0.0030 -10.650 -5.5913 -0.4193
B 3.5 0.075 0.2625 0.1875 0.0492 0.0092 -3.400 -0.8925 -0.1673
C 1 0.175 0.1750 0.3125 0.0547 0.0171 1.400 0.2450 0.0766
D 1 -0.025 -0.0250 0.3875 -0.0097 -0.0038 0.000 0.0000 0.0000
E 0.65 0.1 0.0650 0.4250 0.0276 0.0117 0.000 0.0000 0.0000
F 0.3 0.75 0.2250 0.8500 0.1913 0.1626 0.000 0.0000 0.0000
G 0.45 0.15 0.0675 1.3000 0.0878 0.1141 0.000 0.0000 0.0000
H 0.6 0.1 0.0600 1.4250 0.0855 0.1218 0.000 0.0000 0.0000
I 0.6 0.15 0.0900 1.5500 0.1395 0.2162 -1.050 -0.0945 -0.1465
1.4450 0.6652 0.6520 -6.3333 -0.6566
E=
Elastic Modulus of Concrete at service Condition = 3.3E+04 N/mm2
α=
Coefficient of thermal coefficient of concrete = 1.2E-05 /0C
ε0 =
Eigenstress
θ=
Strain Gradient
Solving ε0 = αx{ΣAy2xΣAt-ΣAyxΣAty}/{ΣAxΣAy2-Σ(Ay)2} -= 8.9E-05
y from top fci
(m) (N/mm2)
Top of Deck slab 0.000 -17.30 0.00 -2.1E-04 3.97
Soffit of girder 1.625 -2.10 -1.3E-04 -2.5E-05 2.13 449.81
15 of 42
b) Temperature Fall
3500
10.6
225 A 1.04 h1 =0.2h<0.25m = 250mm
25 B 1.69
125 C 1250 0.7 h2 =0.25h<0.25m = 250mm
125 D 775 0.350
-25 E
F
650 300 h= 1625 mm
1000
100 G -1.56 0.32 h3 =0.25h<0.25m = 250mm

150 H 450 0.8
250 I -1.95 h4 =0.2h<0.25m = 250mm
-2.60 6.6
600
y (m)
from top
A 3.5 0.225 0.7875 0.1125 0.0886 0.0100 6.1450 4.8392 0.5444
B 3.5 0.025 0.0875 0.2375 0.0208 0.0049 1.1950 0.1046 0.0248
C 1.25 0.125 0.1563 0.3125 0.0488 0.0153 0.5250 0.0820 0.0256
D 0.775 0.125 0.0969 0.4375 0.0424 0.0185 0.1750 0.0170 0.0074
E 0.775 -0.025 -0.0194 0.4875 -0.0094 -0.0046 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
F 0.3 0.65 0.1950 0.8000 0.1560 0.1248 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
G 0.3 0.1 0.0300 1.1750 0.0353 0.0414 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
H 0.45 0.15 0.0675 1.3000 0.0878 0.1141 0.4000 0.0270 0.0351
I 0.6 0.25 0.1500 1.5000 0.2250 0.3375 3.7000 0.5550 0.8325
Σ 1.5513 0.6951 0.6619 5.6247 1.4699
E= = 3.3E+04 N/mm2
α= = 1.2E-05 /0C
y from top fci
(m) (N/mm2)
Top of Deck slab 0.000 10.60 0.00 1.27E-04 -2.25
Soffit of girder 1.625 6.60 5.85E-05 7.92E-05 -2.60 -600.43
16 of 42
5.1. Load calculation OUTER GIRDER = 15.25 m
1.000 2.500 1.000
0.35 0.15
0.1 0.057
1.4 1.000 0.750
0.15
0.25
0.15 0.15
0.6 2.900 0.6
= 4.37 kN
= 4.82 kN
22.79 22.79
16.44
0.500 1.50 1.50 8.25 1.50 1.50 0.500
0.500 14.250 0.500

4.75 15.250
Shear Force (kN) 136.2 72.6 63.4 12.2 0.0
6.550
0.500 14.25 0.500

Distance (m) 0.000 1.781 3.563 5.344 7.125
Shear Force (kN) 46.7 35.0 23.3 11.7 0.0
17 of 42
= 16.172 = 10.781 = 16.172
0.525
17.437 13.56 kN/m
0.750 14.25 0.750


Distance (m) 0.000 1.781 3.563 5.344 7.125
Shear Force (kN) 135.0 104.0 72.9 41.8 10.8
Distance (m) 0.000 1.781 3.563 5.344 7.125
Crash Barrier 90.4 183.5 321.5 401.4 278.7
Live load 72.9 600.8 1045.1 1359.1 1499.3
Wind load (unloaded structure) 31.7 64.2 116.4 151.15 -168
Total Live Load 72.9 600.8 1045.1 1359.1 1499.3
18 of 42
Crash Barrier 116.5 99.8 67.3 38.2 -1.8
Total DL 387.7 276.3 203.6 92.3 9.0
Wind load (loaded structure) 23.0 20.7 15.5 10.3 -0.2
Total 737.4 704.5 548.2 347.1 137.8

1 1.35
2 1.35 1.75 1.5
3 (a) 1.35 1.75 1.5
3 (b) 1 1 1.5
4 (a) 1.35 1.75 1.5 0.9
4 (b) 1 1 1.5 0.9
5 (a) 1.35 1.75 1.15 1.5
5 (b) 1 1 1.15 1.5
6 (a) 1.35 1.75 1.35 0.9
6 (b) 1 1 1.35 0.9

1 106.8 800.5 1386.9 1746.2 1679.0
2 294.6 1861.9 3247.1 4167.3 4363.9
3 (a) 213.2 1017.2 1782.1 2261.9 2263.2
3 (b) 151.9 741.1 1297.1 1645.2 1641.1
4 (a) 311.4 1895.8 3308.7 4247.3 4452.9
4 (b) 250.0 1619.7 2823.7 3630.7 3830.8
5 (a) 297.0 1708.2 2983.9 3824.9 3987.4
5 (b) 235.7 1432.0 2499.0 3208.3 3365.3
6 (a) 201.3 1063.5 1859.8 2357.2 2362.4
6 (b) 139.9 787.3 1374.8 1740.5 1740.3
Maximum 106.8 1895.8 3308.7 4247.3 4452.9
19 of 42
1 1027.4 996.9 778.0 497.7 207.5
2 (a) 655.1 492.2 365.2 185.4 24.6
2 (b) 477.7 357.7 265.2 133.7 16.0
3 (a) 1048.0 1015.5 792.0 507.0 207.3
3 (b) 870.7 881.0 692.0 455.3 198.7
4 (a) 966.9 902.9 699.6 436.7 164.6
4 (b) 789.6 768.4 599.6 385.0 155.9
5 (a) 686.0 513.3 378.2 190.4 24.7
5 (b) 508.7 378.8 278.2 138.6 16.1
Maximum 1048.0 1015.5 792.0 507.0 207.5

1) Dead load
2) Dead load +SIDL

1 1
2 1 1.2
3 (a) 1 1.2 1
3 (b) 1 1 1
4 (a) 1 1.2 1 0.6
4 (b) 1 1 1 0.6
5 (a) 1 1.2 0.75 1
5 (b) 1 1 0.75 1
6 (a) 1 1.2 1 0.6
6 (b) 1 1 1 0.6
7 (a) 1 1.2 0.75 1
7 (b) 1 1 0.75 1

1 79.13 592.95 1027.36 1293.45 1243.69
2 132.94 702.75 1227.96 1555.70 1542.62
3 (a) 164.62 766.97 1344.33 1706.85 1374.42
3 (b) 155.65 748.67 1310.90 1663.14 1324.60
4 (a) 216.98 1326.24 2314.09 2968.14 3101.27
4 (b) 208.01 1307.94 2280.66 2924.44 3051.45
5 (a) 206.21 1191.13 2080.17 2663.89 2765.98
5 (b) 197.24 1172.83 2046.74 2620.19 2716.16
6 (a) 205.80 1303.60 2273.05 2914.84 3041.96
6 (b) 196.84 1285.30 2239.62 2871.13 2992.14
7 (a) 187.59 1153.39 2011.78 2575.06 2667.13
7 (b) 178.62 1135.08 1978.34 2531.35 2617.30
Maximum 79.13 1326.24 2314.09 2968.14 3101.27
20 of 42
1) Dead load +SIDL
1 1
2 1 1.2
3 (a) 1 1.2 0.5
3 (b) 1 1 0.5

Moment
1 79.13 592.95 1027.36 1293.45 1243.69
2 132.94 702.75 1227.96 1555.70 1542.62
3 (a) 132.94 702.75 1227.96 1555.70 1542.62
3 (b) 123.97 684.45 1194.53 1512.00 1492.80
Maximum 79.13 702.75 1227.96 1555.70 1542.62

1000 0.00350 17.87

150 4889 kN
100 556.91
NA NA
1400 300
= 137 4889 kN
600 0.0053

Hence provide
b1 32 5 4021.24 78.00 1322.00 0.00481 434.78
b2 32 5 4021.24 142.00 1258.00 0.00441 434.78
b3 32 4 3216.99 206.00 1194.00 0.00400 432.90
b4 32 0 0.00 270.00 1130.00 0.00360 429.15

21 of 42
Moment -106.83 800.48 1386.94 1746.16 1678.98
Width of web 600 300 300 300 300
Overall depth (mm) 1400 1400 1400 1400 1400
R = Mu/bd2 -0.10 0.49 0.85 1.09 1.05
pt -0.00023 0.00115 0.00202 0.00258 0.00250
Ast required for bending -183.9 1465.6 2567.5 3271.9 3155.8
Area of 1st layer 25834.1 4021.2 4021.2 4021.2 4021.2
2nd layer 4021.2 4021.2 4021.2 4021.2
3rd layer 1608.5 1608.5 2412.7 3217.0
4th layer 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total 25834.1 9651.0 9651.0 10455.2 11259.5
2nd layer 142.00 142.00 142.00 142.00
3rd layer 206.00 206.00 206.00 206.00
4th layer 270.00 270.00 270.00 270.00
2nd layers 1258.0 1258.00 1258.00 1258.00
3rd layers 1194.0 1194.00 1194.00 1194.00
4th layer 1130.0 1130.00 1130.00 1130.00
2nd layers 0.0076 0.0076 0.0057 0.0044
3rd layers 0.0071 0.0071 0.0053 0.0040
4th layer 0.0065 0.0065 0.0048 0.0036
2nd layers 434.78 434.78 434.78 434.78
3rd layers 434.78 434.78 434.78 432.90
4th layer 434.78 434.78 434.78 429.15
Actual NA 926 395 395 477 557
Moment of resistance -7517 4817 4817 5108 5370
Factor of Safety 70.4 6.0 3.5 2.9 3.2
3500 0.00350 17.87

225 4895 kN
NA 97.86
NA
1625
124.5
0.0502 4895 kN
22 of 42
Hence provide
Distance of Effective Strain at Stress at
Diameter Area
Layer Nos CG from Depth , d ULS ULS
(mm) (mm2)
top (mm) (mm) condition condition
b1 32 5 4021.24 78.00 1547.0 0.05183 434.78
b2 32 5 4021.24 142.00 1483.0 0.04954 434.78
b3 32 4 3216.99 206.00 1419.0 0.04725 434.78
b4 32 0 0.00 270.00 1355.0 0.04496 434.78
Moment 106.83 1895.85 3308.67 4247.27 4452.90
Width of web 600 300 300 300 300
Overall depth (mm) 1625 1625 1625 1625 1625
R = Mu/bd2 0.07 0.24 0.42 0.54 0.57
pt 0.00017 0.00056 0.00098 0.00127 0.00134
Area of 1st layer 904.8 4021.2 4021.2 4021.2 4021.2
2nd layer 4021.2 4021.2 4021.2 4021.2
3rd layer 1608.5 1608.5 2412.7 3217.0
4th layer 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total 904.8 9651.0 9651.0 10455.2 11259.5
2nd layer 142.00 142.00 142.00 142.00
3rd layer 206.00 206.00 206.00 206.00
4th layer 270.00 270.00 270.00 270.00
2nd layers 1483.00 1483.00 1483.00 1483.00
3rd layers 1419.00 1419.00 1419.00 1419.00
4th layer 1355.00 1355.00 1355.00 1355.00
23 of 42
2nd layers 0.0584 0.0584 0.0536 0.0495
3rd layers 0.0557 0.0557 0.0512 0.0473
4th layer 0.0530 0.0530 0.0487 0.0450
2nd layers 434.78 434.78 434.78 434.78
3rd layers 434.78 434.78 434.78 434.78
4th layer 434.78 434.78 434.78 434.78
Actual NA 46 84 84 91 98
Factor of Safety 5.66 3.24 1.86 1.56 1.59
5.3 Shear design

z = 1538 mm
K= 1+sqrt(200/d)<=2.0 = 1.36
vmin = 0.031K^1.5xfck^0.5 = 0.31 MPa
p1 = Asl/bwd <=0.02 = 0.0200
σCP = = 0.00 MPa
≤
≤
≤
acw = 1 9.246
≤
β = av/2d 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Width of beam, b (mm) 600.0 300.0 300.0 300.0 300.0
K= 1.36 1.37 1.37 1.37 1.37
vmin = 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31
p1 = 0.0010 0.0200 0.0200 0.0200 0.0200
VRD,C= 289.98 290.64 290.64 289.61 288.72
VRD,S= VED - VRD,C 758.1 724.89 501.35 217.43 -81.26
Asv/s required 1.42 1.42 0.98 0.43 -0.16
24 of 42
12 12

Hence provide
b1 32 5 4021 78 1322.00 0.00052 103.64
b2 32 5 4021 142 1258.00 0.00048 96.63
b3 32 4 3217 206 1194.00 0.00045 89.62
b4 32 0 0 270 1130.00 0.00041 82.60
25 of 42
0.00021 6.87
1093.63
376.08
NA NA
97.13
0.00049
h or D 1400 1400 1400 1400 1400
b 600 300 300 300 300
d 1332 1274 1274 1268 1263
Moment -79.13 592.95 1027.36 1293.45 1243.69
Ast provided 25834 4021 4021 4021 4021
0 4021 4021 4021 4021
0 1608 1608 2413 3217
0 0 0 0 0
Effective depth 1332 1322 1322 1322 1322
0 1258 1258 1258 1258
0 1194 1194 1194 1194
0 1130 1130 1130 1130
Total 25834.1 9651.0 9651.0 10455.2 11259.5
Actual NA 610 350 350 363 376 O.K.
Stress in steel -2.71 54.91 95.15 112.20 101.48
51.30 88.88 104.71 94.62
47.68 82.61 97.21 87.75
44.06 76.35 89.72 80.89
Diff. of moment 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
h or D 1625 1625 1625 1625 1625
Width of web 600 300 300 300 300
d 1557 1499 1499 1493 1488
Ast provided 905 4021 4021 4021 4021
0 4021 4021 4021 4021
0 1608 1608 2413 3217
0 0 0 0 0
Effective depth 1557 1547 1547 1547 1547
0 1483 1483 1483 1483
0 1419 1419 1419 1419
0 1355 1355 1355 1355
Total 904.8 9651.0 9651.0 10455.2 11259.5
26 of 42
Actual NA 159 207 207 214 221
Stress in steel 101.30 55.10 96.69 117.45 122.16
52.47 92.07 111.82 116.26
49.84 87.46 106.18 110.37
47.21 82.84 100.54 104.47
Diff. of moment 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Top of deck 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0
Steel stress -56 -47 -47 -43 -40
Temperature stress
Top of deck -2.3 -2.3 -2.3 -2.3 -2.3
Steel stress 74.7 62.2 62.2 57.4 53.3
Conc. stress at top of deck -0.7 -1.2 -0.4 0.2 0.3
h or D 1625 1625 1625 1625 1625
Width of web 600 300 300 300 300
d 1557 1499 1499 1493 1488
Ast provided 905 4021 4021 4021 4021
4021 4021 4021 4021
1608 1608 2413 3217
0 0 0 0
Effective depth 1557 1547 1547 1547 1547
27 of 42
1483 1483 1483 1483
1419 1419 1419 1419
1355 1355 1355 1355
Total 904.8 9651.0 9651.0 10455.2 11259.5
Actual NA 159 207 207 214 221
Stress in steel 155.85 8.25 15.07 18.39 19.66
7.86 14.35 17.51 18.71
7.46 13.63 16.63 17.76
7.07 12.91 15.74 16.81
Diff. of moment 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Top of deck 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0
Steel stress -55.9 -46.6 -46.6 -43.0 -39.9
Temperature stress
Top of deck -2.3 -2.3 -2.3 -2.3 -2.3
Steel stress 74.7 62.2 62.2 57.4 53.3
temperatura rise
Conc. stress at top of deck 1.8 -0.9 -0.7 -0.6 -0.6
temperatura fall
Where,
σsc = 147.81 Mpa αe =Es/Ecm = 5.998
>= 0.6σsc/Es= 0.000443
k1 = 0.8
φeq=(n1*φ1^2+n2*φ2^2)/((n1*φ1+n2*φ2) = 32.0 mm k2 = 0.5
< 0.3 mm OK
28 of 42
As 25834.1 9651.0 9651.0 10455.2 11259.5
Actual NA 610 350 350 363 376
hc,eff 170.0 315.0 315.0 330.4 343.6
ρp,eff 0.253 0.102 0.102 0.105 0.109
εsm-εcm 0.00088 0.00035 0.00059 0.00068 0.00062
φeq 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0
Crack width, Wk 0.228 0.102 0.171 0.197 0.180

Distance 0.000 1.781 3.563 5.344 7.125
Moment of Inertia for Precast 0.162 0.146 0.146 0.146 0.146
M/EI (1/m) 0.00000 0.00010 0.00017 0.00021 0.00023
1.78 1.781 1.781 1.781

A B C D E
0.00010 2 0.00021
-0.000002 4 3 0.000170 1 0.000231

At Midspan
Moment of M/EI
about A
A 0.00000
B 4 1.781 0.891 0.00010 0.00005 7.6399E-05 0.00009
C 3 1.781 2.672 0.00017 0.00013 0.00063877 0.00024
D 2 1.781 4.453 0.00021 0.00019 0.00152403 0.00034
E 1 1.781 6.234 0.00023 0.00022 0.00247543 0.00040
Total 0.00471463 0.00106
29 of 42
= =
= L/ -2657 Rotation
= L/ -1549
Vedi = β Ved/zbi
z= Lever arm

OK

30 of 42
10.0 Design of Deck Slab
Assume Width of Slab = 1.000 m
Maximum cantilever span of deck slab = 1.350 m
10.1 Design of Cantilever Slab beyond outer longitudinal girder
500 mm
Wearing course.
65
225 225 mm
300 1200 mm
1350 mm

Slab Uniform 0.225x1.20x25 6.75 0.600 4.050
ii) SIDL Wt (kN) D (m) M (kN-m)

Wearing course 0.065x(1.20-0.5)x22 1.00 0.350 0.350
Crash barrier 7.50 0.965 7.238
Total 8.50 7.59
iii) Live load Only Class-A shall be applicable in cantilever slab

Class-A Loading
171.00 kN 500 mm
150
65
225 mm
225
1080
300
L= 1200 mm

Axle Loads 11.4 t 114 kN
B= 250 mm
Impact Factor 50 %
Total live load of two axles on Cantilever slab 114x(1+50/100) = 171.0 kN
As per Annexure B-3 of IRC 112:2011 bef = 1.2a+b1
bef = 0.990 m
> 1.200 m overlaps
Modified bef 0.99+1.2 = 2.190 m
Dispersed width along tranverse direction =500+(0.065+0.225)x2 = 1.080 m
Dispersion excedes cantilever slab
Shear = 171.0/2.19 78.08 kN/m width
Moment = 78.08x0.30 23.42 kN-m/m width
iv) Summary of moment
DL SIDL Class A Total
Shear 6.75 8.50 78.08 93.33
Moment 4.05 7.59 23.42 35.06
31 of 43
10.2 Deck slab between girders
10.2.1 Dead Load +SIDL CG
Dead load 0.225*25 = 5.625 kN/m
SIDL Crash barrier = 7.50 kN/m 0.235 #REF! m
Wearing course 0.065*22 = 1.43 kN/m 0.00 1.350 m
Footpath load 0.1*22 = 2.20 kN/m 4.350 0.850 m
Railing = 7.00 kN/m 1.115 m
7.5 7.5 0
1.43 kN/m
1.350 3.5 3.5 3.5 1.350
Dead load & SIDL position over Deck
10.2.2 Live Load

i) 70R- Track Loading Add snow load = 0.00 kN/m
4.57
0.84 0.840
2.9
2.06
2.06
1.75
1.35 3.5 3.5 3.5 1.35

Centre to centre distance between X-gider b = 8.675 m
Span L = 3.5 m
Total Load = 700 kN
b/L = 2.48 α = 2.6
a1 = 1.75 m
b1 =4.57+0.065x2 = 4.70 m
bef 1 = 6.975 m

bef 2 = 5.435 m
32 of 43
ii) 70R- Wheel Loading Add snow load = 0.00 kN/m
40T Bogie loading
=10/((0.86-0.05)x5.273x10) 1.22
0.234
0.86 0.86
2.79
1.93
Position of 70R Wheel bogie load
1.93
1.75
1.35 3.5 3.5 3.5 1.35

Total Load = 400 kN
α = 2.6 a = 1.75 m
b1 =0.234+0.065x2 = 0.364 m
bef = 2.639 m
> 1.220 m Overlaps.
Modified bef =2.639+1.22 = 3.859 m

bef 2 = 0.808 m
Modified bef =0.808+1.22 = 2.028 m
< 1.930 m Not overlaps.
Add snow load = 2.50 kN/m
33 of 43
iii) Class-A Loading
2 Nos. 11.4 T Axle
1.2
0.250
0.5 0.50
2.3
1.8
Position of Class-A loading
1.750 1.8 1.7 1.8
1.35 3.5 3.5 3.5 1.35

Each Axle load = 114 kN
α = 2.6 For Ist Wheel a = 1.750 m
b1 =0.250+0.065x2 = 0.380 m bef = 1.868 m
> 1.200 m Overlaps.
For 2nd Wheel a = 0.05 m
bef = 0.508 m
< 1.200 kN-m Not overlaps.
For 3rd Wheel a = 1.75 m
bef = 2.655 m
For 4th Wheel a = 0.05 m
bef = 0.508 m
Intensity of 1st Wheel=114x(1+0.50)/(3.068x1.080) = 51.6 kN/m
Intensity of 2nd Wheel=114x(1+0.50)/(1.708x1.080) = 92.7 kN/m
Intensity of 3rd Wheel=114x(1+0.50)/(3.855x1.080) = 41.1 kN/m
Intensity of 4th Wheel=114x(1+0.50)/(1.708x1.080) = 92.7 kN/m
Staad Outputs
2 1 SELFWEIGHT 0 0 9.58 0 0 0 5.126
0.875 0 4.658 0 0 0 -1.104
1.75 0 -0.263 0 0 0 -3.026
2.625 0 -5.185 0 0 0 -0.643
3.5 0 -10.107 0 0 0 6.048
2 SIDL 0 0 5.853 0 0 0 9.254
0.875 0 4.602 0 0 0 4.68
1.75 0 3.351 0 0 0 1.201
2.625 0 2.099 0 0 0 -1.184
3.5 0 0.848 0 0 0 -2.473
3 70R TRACKED LIVE
0 LOAD 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.875 0 0 0 0 0 0
1.75 0 0 0 0 0 0
34 of 43
2.625 0 0 0 0 0 0
3.5 0 0 0 0 0 0
4 70R WHEELED LIVE0 LOAD0 0 0 0 0 0
0.875 0 0 0 0 0 0
1.75 0 0 0 0 0 0
2.625 0 0 0 0 0 0
3.5 0 0 0 0 0 0
5 CLASS A LIVE LOAD
0 0 19.083 0 0 0 0
0.875 0 19.083 0 0 0 -16.698
1.75 0 -8.781 0 0 0 -25.872
2.625 0 -36.645 0 0 0 -1.331
3.5 0 -82.995 0 0 0 42.32
10.2.3 Summary of Moments from staad output
2 2 Mid span 3.026 -1.201 25.872 27.697
Inner
2 3 6.048 -2.473 42.32 45.895
support
10.3 Design of Cantilever Slab over pier

65
400 400 mm
450 525 mm
End cross Girder 750 mm
Wearing course.
i) Dead load +SIDL Wt (kN) D (m) M (kN-m)
Slab Uniform 0.4x0.525x25 5.25 0.263 1.378
Varying (0.4-0.4)x0.525/2x25 0.00 0.175 0.000
Wearing course 0.065x0.525x22 0.75 0.263 0.197
Total 6.00 1.58
ii) 70R-Tracked Loading 50.26 kN
65
400
400
L= 525 mm
Wearing course.
Cross Section Showing placing of 70R-Tracked Loading
Total load per track = 350 kN
Length of Track = 4.57 m
Total weight on Cantilever slab 350x0.525x(1+25/100)/4.57 = 50.3 kN
bef = 1.2a+b1
bef = = 1.285 m
< 2.060 m
does not overlap
Shear = 50.3/1.285 39.11 kN/m width
Moment = 50.3x0.2625/1.285 10.27 kN-m/m width
35 of 43
iii) 70R-Wheeled Loading- 20t axle load 250.00 kN
65
400
400
L= 525 mm
Cross Section Showing placing of 70R-Wheeled Loading

Total Load = 200 kN
Width of track along tranverse direction = 0.234 m
bef = 1.2a+b1
bef = = 1.480 m
< 2.040 m
does not overlap each other
Shear = 250.0/2/1.48 84.49 kN/m width
iv) Class-A Loading 171.00 kN
65
400
400
L= 525 mm

Loads 11.4 t axle 114 kN
B= 250 mm
Impact Factor 50 %
bef = 1.2a+b1
bef = 1.110 m
< 1.800 m
does not overlap
Shear = 171.0/2/1.11 77.03 kN/m width
36 of 43
v) Summary of loading
DL SIDL 70R- Tracked
70R- Wheeled
Class A
Shear 5.25 0.75 39.11 84.49 77.03
Moment 1.38 0.20 10.27 34.47 30.81
10.4 Summary of Bending Moment of slab
Tranverse section of slab Cantilever
Location slab at exp.
End support Span Inner support Joint
DL 4.05 3.026 6.048 1.38
Service SIDL 7.59 -1.201 -2.473 0.20
condition
Live Load 23.42 25.872 42.32 34.47

1(a) 1.35 1.75
Service
condition
1(b) 1.35 1.75 1.5
1(c) 1 1 1.5
Cant. slab at
Inner
Load Case (kN-m)
m)
m)
1(a) 18.75 1.98 3.84 2.21
Service
condition
1(b) 53.88 40.79 67.32 53.90
1(c) 46.78 40.63 67.06 53.27
Total 53.88 40.79 67.32 53.90
1(a) 1 1.2
Service
condition
1(b) 1 1.2 1
1(c) 1 1 1
Cant. slab at
Inner
Load Case (kN-m)
m)
m)
1(a) 13.16 1.58 3.08 1.61
Service
condition
1(b) 36.58 27.46 45.40 36.08
1(c) 35.06 27.70 45.90 36.04
Total 36.58 27.70 45.90 36.08

Load Case DL SIDL
Service
1 1 1.2
condition
Cant. slab at
Inner
Load Case (kN-m)
m)
m)
Service
1 13.16 1.58 3.08 1.61
condition
37 of 43
0.00350 17.87
492 kN
34.40
225 NA NA
48 0.0145 492 kN

Min. reinforcement 0.26xf /f
ctm ykxb txd but not less than 0.0013b td = 230.1 mm2
12 dia @ 200 c/c > 738.4 mm2 Hence O.K.

> 54 kNm Hence O.K.
Span Support
support support
Moment 53.88 40.79 67.32 53.90
Width 1000 1000.00 1000.00 1000.00
Overall depth 225 225 225 400
Effective depth 177 177 177 352
R = Mu/bd2 1.72 1.30 2.15 0.44
pt 0.00417 0.00311 0.00529 0.00101
@ 200 c/c 200 dia 200 dia @ 150 c/c
Reinf provided
@ 200 c/c 200 dia 200 dia @ 150 c/c
Ast provided 1131.0 1131.0 1131.0 1047.2
Actual NA 34 34 34 32
Strain in steel 0.0145 0.0145 0.0145 0.0352
Stress in steel 434.8 434.8 434.8 434.8
38 of 43
Bending Compression of concrete = 19.20 Mpa fctm = Mean tensile strength of concrete = 2.12 Mpa
12 dia 200 c/c
0.00032 10.53
224.74
42.69
NA NA
224.74
0.00099
Tranverse section of slab Cant. slab Tranverse section of slab Cant. slab
Description Inner Inner
End support Span Support End support Span Support
support support
h or D 225 225 225 400 225 225 225 400
b 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
d 177 177 177 352 177 177 177 352
Moment 36.58 27.70 45.90 36.08 13.16 1.58 3.08 1.61
Reinf provided 12 dia 12 dia 12 dia 10 dia 12 dia 12 dia 12 dia 10 dia
Ast provided 1131.0 1131.0 1131.0 1047.2 1131.0 1131.0 1131.0 1047.2
Actual NA 42.69 42.69 42.69 60.51 42.69 42.69 42.69 60.51
Stress in steel 198.7 150.5 249.3 103.8 71.5 8.6 16.7 4.6
225
Total ultimate compressive force 170 282 109 81 10 19 5
Diff. of moment 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

39 of 43
σsc = 198.71 Mpa αe =Es/Ecm = 5.998
>= 0.6σsc/Es= 0.000596
k1 = 0.8
φeq=(n1*φ1^2+n2*φ2^2)/((n1*φ1+n2*φ2) = 12.0 mm k2 = 0.5
< 0.3 mm OK
Span Support
support support
Stress in steel, σs 198.7 150.5 249.3 103.8
As 1131.0 1131.0 1131.0 1047.2
Actual NA 43 43 43 61
hc,eff 112.5 112.5 112.5 120.0
ρp,eff 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.009
εsm-εcm 0.00060 0.00045 0.00075 0.00031
φeq 12.0 12.0 12.0 10.0
Crack width, Wk 0.202 0.153 0.253 0.103
Check <0.3 O.K. <0.3 O.K. <0.3 O.K. <0.3 O.K.
10.6.3. Tranverse reinforcement

Main reinf. provided = 1131.0 mm2
As per clause 16.6.1.1 (3) of IRC-112:2011, minimum tranverse reinforcement is 20% of main reinforcement.
Minimum tranverse reinforcement = 226.2 mm2
As per clause 16.5.4 (4) of IRC-112:2011,the area of surface reinforcement is 0.01 Act ext.
Where Act ext is the area of cover = 400.0 mm2
Stress at top of deck slab near support section exceeds the permissible tensile stress i.e. 1.53Mpa.
Maximum tensile stress = -1.17 MPa Maximum tensile force = -131.61 kN/m width
Permissible working stress = 300.00 MPa Area of reinforcement required = 438.69 mm2
Hence Provide 10 dia 150 c/c at top & bottom Ast provided = 1047.20 mm2
10 dia 150 c/c at top of supports Hence O.K.
40 of 43
11 Pre cast deck slab
11.1 Check for ultimate strength of deck in Flexure :-

Slab Uniform 0.125x1.00x25 3.13 2.400 2.250
ii) LL Wt (kN) D (m) M (kN-m)

Wearing course 5 kN/m2 12.00 2.400 8.640
Total 12.00 8.64

0.00350 17.87
1165 kN
33.96
125 NA NA
56 0.0036 1165 kN

Lower fractile tensile f ctm = 2.12 MPa Where, pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
12 dia @ 200 c/c > 556.4 mm2 Hence O.K.

Balanced neutral axis depth = 31.47 mm Actual neutral axis depth = 33.96 mm 0.00
> 16 kNm Hence O.K.
= 2.12 Mpa
Hence provide 12 dia @ 200 dia Ast = 2714.3 mm2
12 dia @ 200 dia
Strain in steel = 0.00033 Stress in steel = 66.0 MPa Ok
Comp. stress of concrete = 6.08 Mpa Ok
0.00018 6.08
179.07
24.56
NA NA
179.07
0.00033
11.3 Summary of Moments from staad output
2 2 Mid span 0.263 3.351 8.781 12.395
Inner
2 3 10.107 5.853 82.995 98.955
support
1(a) 1.35 1.75
Service
1(b) 1.35 1.75 1.5
condition
1(c) 1 1 1.5
Tranverse section of slab
End
Load Case support (kN- Span (kN-m)
m)
1(a) 23.89 6.22
Service
1(b) 148.38 19.39
condition
1(c) 140.45 16.79
Total 148.38 19.39
11.4 Interface Shear Design for Composite section
The interface shear stress, V edi <= the resisting capacity at the section, V Rdi
Vedi = β Ved/zbi
z= Lever arm
σn = the minimum co existing normal stress < 0.6f cd = 0.00 Mpa
Description Support L/2

Shear demand of Beam,VEd (kN) 148.38 19.39
Ratio of Longitudinal forces (β) 0.21 0.21
Lever arm taken from flexural analysis z (m) 1.538 0.163
Interface Width bi ( mm) 2400 2400
Design value of Shear Stress vEdi ( MPa) 0.01 0.01
Roughness Co-efficient, µ 0.70 0.70
Stress caused by minimum external normal force 0.0 0.0
Dia of shear reinforcement provided (mm) 12 12
Number of legs provided 12 12
Spacing of stirrups provided (mm) 200 200
Minimum reinf.=0.15% of area of interface 3600 3600
Area of Reinforcement at interface, As (mm2/m) 6785.84 6785.84
Area of the joint, Ai (mm2) 540000 540000
Strength reduction factor (ν) 0.60 0.60
Design shear resistance at the Interface (vRdi) 4.40 4.40
Status with respect to the Interface Shear Ok Ok

Design Calculation of Superstructure

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Design Calculation of Superstructure

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EMPLOYER

Design calculation of Super structure of Elevated Road

2) SECTIONAL PROPERTY CALCULATION OF GIRDER

3) LOAD CALCULATION OF GIRDER.

4) DESIGN CALCULATION OF OUTER GIRDER

5) DESIGN CALCULATION OF INNER GIRDER.

6) DESIGN CALCULATION OF CROSS GIRDER.

7) DESIGN CALCULATION OF DECK SLAB.

8) STABILITY CHECK OF GIRDER.

1.2 Structure Description

c)Super Imposed Dead Load (SIDL) :

d) Live Load (LL) :

f) Braking Force (BF)

g) Centrifugal Force (CF)

j) Temperature Load (TL)

k) Temperature Gradient (TG)

l) Creep & Shrinkage (CS)

m) Seismic Load (EQ)

n) Wind Load (WL)

o) Earth Pressure (EP) :

p) Water current force (Fwc)

r) Load Combination (LC)

Load Combination for frequent Combination (SL2) - for prestressing member

1(a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9

Load Combination for Quasi-permanent (SL3) - for RCC structure

1.7 Construction Methodology

1.8 Reference codes & books

1.2 Cross-sectional details

1.3 Cross sectional details of girders

1.4 Material details

1.4.2 Reinforcing details [ IRC:112-2011 ]

1.4.3 Prestressing strand details [ IRC:112-2011 & IS:14268-1995 ]

1.5 Sequence of construction

2.000 LG1 LG2 1.350 LG3

Flexural Stiffness about major axis:

2.2 Sectional properties of Precast Longitudinal Girder : At Support

Flexural Stiffness about major axis:

Flexural Stiffness about major axis X-X:

Flexural Stiffness about major axis X-X:

Flexural Stiffness about major axis:

2.2 Sectional properties of Precast Longitudinal Girder : At Support

Flexural Stiffness about major axis:

Flexural Stiffness about major axis X-X:

Flexural Stiffness about major axis X-X:

Weight of wearing course- per m

3.2.1 Wind load on Unloaded structure

3.5 Live Load

Live Load Position

2.70 4.100 7.600

100 G 0.32 h3 =0.25h<0.25m = 250mm

0.500 28.500 0.500

0.500 28.50 0.500

0.750 28.50 0.750

Table : Maximum BM & SF at critical sections

a) Moment At support Near L/8 Near L/4 Near 3L/8 At L/2

b) Shear At support Near L/8 Near L/4 Near 3L/8 At L/2

4.2 Cable Details

Cable profile in Plan