Diabetes

Type 1 Type 2

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is when

one's blood glucose levels are too
high due little or complete lack of
insulin production,
due to the destruction
of pancreatic beta-cells which
produce insulin. It develops due
to the immune system acting
against
beta-cell antigens causing
the destruction of beta-cells
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is when
the cells in one's body do not
respond to insulin, meaning
that the levels of glucose in
the blood plasma become too
high and that blood glucose
levels cannot be naturally
regulated

Statistics
1. 10% of all diabetes is type 1
2. Occurs in 10-20 per 100,000 1. Type 2 diabetes is prevalent in
people per year in the US, and 11.3% of all adults
this statistic is similar for 2. 90-95% of people with
Europe, UK, Canada, and New diabetes have diabetes type 2
Zealand 3. 7 million people develop
3. During the past 20 years, the diabetes on average each year
incidence of type 1 diabetes 4. 1 in 5 people in the world are
worldwide has been increasing undiagnosed
by 2-5% each year

Genetics Genetics
1. Those with type 1 diabetes have inherited
1. Heritability of diabetes type 2 is
risk factors passed down from their family
and ancestors, but the pattern of this 20-80%
inheritance is unknown 2. Possibility of a child having
2. Around 60 genes have been found to increase
diabetes type 2 is 40% if one
the susceptibility of type 1 diabetes
3. Risk is increased when one has variants of parent has the disease and 70%
HLA-DQA1,HLA-DQB1, or HLA-DRB1 genes. if both parents have the disease
a. These are genes of the human leukocyte
antigen complex, which helps the Risk Factors
immune system distinguish proteins of 1. Obesity
the body and proteins from invaders, e.g.
2. Sedentary lifestyle
viruses or bacteria
3. Poor nutrition
4. Age

Symptoms
1. Feeling thirsty - polydipsia
2. Frequent urination (especially at Symptoms
night) - polyuria
3. Fatigue 1. Feeling thirsty
4. Involuntary weight loss, loss of
2. Frequent urination
muscle bulk
5. Constant infections e.g. thrush 3. Fatigue
6. Feeling hungry 4. Slow healing infection s
7. Mood swings 5. Blurred vision
8. Blurry vision 6. Unintentional weight loss
9. Tingling or loss of feeling in hands

Treatment : taking insulin daily Treatment

1. Multiple daily injections - injections 1. Healthy lifestyle; healthy
using vial and syringe on fatty tissue
eating and frequent exercise
2. Pen - pre-filled with insulin and
injects 2. Diabetes medication
3. Pump - delivers insulin in body on 3. Insulin therapy
demand 4. Blood sugar monitoring