Assignment

Introduction

For enterprises, groups, and organisations to achieve their goals, good leadership is
crucial. According to Cardon (2015), leadership is defined as "the activity of guiding
and controlling the behaviour of people in the work environment." Motivate, inform,
inspire, and communicate effectively are some of the leadership skills that can have a
positive impact on the people around them. To achieve the aims and objectives of
their business, a leader might employ a variety of leadership styles and methods.
Depending on the situation or organisation, a variety of leadership styles and
strategies can be employed.

To accomplish a goal, a leader acts as a mentor, guide, and motivator for his or her
subordinates. An immediate response from a management takes place whenever an
employee's job security is at risk. Hard abilities, such as reading, writing, and math,
can be learned and tested. To be considered a valuable member of the team, an
employee must enjoy the respect of their peers as well as possess desirable soft skills,
such as courtesy and the ability to communicate clearly (Chaudhri, 2016).

Analysis of various leadership theory examples and their impact on effectiveness

and decision making

If you want to know who you can trust, go no farther than those who follow you. As
stated by Daft and Lane, leaders and followers who desire significant change and
accomplishments based on a common vision. It was long ago stated that leadership is
the act of directing an organised group's activities toward goal-setting and goal-
achieving (Trittin, 2017).

If we adopt a more idealistic They are able to see the future and motivate the rest of
the organisation to follow in their footsteps in order to achieve similar goals and a
certain style. Some leaders are more commanding, while others prefer a more
collaborative approach to making decisions. Others are more concerned with creating
cult-like conditions and inspiring their adherents (Malhotra, 2016).
Management and leadership are distinct in this case. Monitoring, guiding, correcting,
and assisting subordinates and followers in their everyday activities is what
supervision is all about. Management includes the creation, coordination, and
execution of organisational strategies, tactics, and policies. When a person's actions
and attitudes appeal to the beliefs, aspirations, and perceptions of others around them,
that person is considered a leader.
The challenges of today and tomorrow can be met by organisations with strong
management and leadership capabilities. Many organisations lack one or the other.
Management is frequently unable to adapt in the absence of strong leadership. When
charismatic leadership is absent from management, a company is only as powerful as
its most charismatic member. It's common for businesses to have too many managers,
yet not enough leadership to deal with changes (Turnage, 2016).
New leaders are expected to understand the "competitive environment," identify their
company's strengths and weaknesses, and take action to improve the company's
performance. Because of this, an organization's leaders are needed. The ability to
influence a significant corporation's culture requires strong executives who are both
strategic and interpersonally capable.
It emphasises a contrast between leadership and management, which is perceived as
more bureaucratic and predictable. Leadership is often regarded as 'voluntary'
submission. In order to achieve conformity, the leader rarely employs formal power or
rewards/penalties to achieve harmony and convergence of interests. Managers and
leaders have a huge gap. Leaders are defined as those who inspire and motivate
others.
Much of ‘leadership' is routine. It is not unlike other people's behaviour. When
defined as leadership, seemingly little actions take on a new dimension of significance
and significance. Thus, the distinction between leader and manager is problematic for
this framing.
The divergence between leadership and management creates a gap between
knowledge and action in Critical Theory terminology. Management and leadership are
synonymous in the German tradition.
A great leader is born, not manufactured, according to the characteristic theory. With
the present emphasis on visionary and charismatic leaders, it has regained popularity.
Intuition, self-confidence, determination, integrity, and sociability are all very
ambiguous attributes of leadership These qualities are constructed rather than
discovered through personality testing.
If attributes apply to all situations, then we cannot train or develop leaders because
they are born with certain qualities.
Each leader has a unique leadership style. Leadership behaviours or styles are
classified under the style theory. They also look at different characteristics of
leadership, with different writers choosing different factors, as well as identifying
which style works best.
On the other hand, Jung's leader personality style theory focuses on those who are
There are eight personality positions on four axes. Extrovert or introvert, receives
information logically or intuitively, makes decisions using logical reasoning or
intuitive reasoning, and prefers to live in a structured or unstructured manner.
According to Situational Leadership Theory, leadership is situation-specific. A
leader's style must adapt to the environment in which it is used. This is a case of
directive and supporting behaviour, according to the theory. The scenario method has
four states: delegating, assisting, coaching, and directing (directive behaviour high).
Each state represents a unique leadership style. The model takes into account the
development. In order to lead effectively, a leader must understand their circumstance
and how it changes.
This requires a leader to believe in team member participation and confidence in their
abilities as independent, tolerant of ambiguity, competent, identify with organisational
goals or know the organisational values and traditions.
Adapting a leader's style to the situation is critical to successful leadership. This
person studies leader-member relationships, task structure, and position power. The
results showed that at times of crisis or success, task-oriented leaders are best, while
people-oriented leaders are better in the interim and in-between. Your efficacy
depends on your self-awareness and scenario analysis. The contingency hypothesis
describes circumstances that cause a leader to revert to earlier successful behaviours.

Comparison of leadership and management activities in different organisations

It's all about the interaction between the boss and his or her subordinates in the
Leader-Member Exchange Theory. An in-group and an out-group are formed
depending on the relationship and characteristics. There are many advantages to
working with the 'in-group' rather than working alone.Those that follow the leader's
lead put in the extra effort, and in return, receive time and support from the leader.
There is no preferential treatment for members of the out-group. The "trusted cadre"
and the "hired hands" raise interesting moral and ethical questions about favouritism
and discrimination.
When defining leadership styles, look at how leaders engage their subordinates.
Despite the fact that transformational leadership has an important ethical component,
ignoring the dark side of leadership might cause learning about leadership to be
skewed. The process by which the leader interacts with others in order to enhance the
level of morality and motivation in both the leader and the follower. Transactional
leadership, as opposed to transformative leadership, focuses entirely on the
interactions between the leader and their followers.
Since the 1980s, the transformational leadership idea has gained popularity. An
emphasis on the role of leadership as "management of meaning" and a process of
strategic influence in which the ability to influence others by shaping personal goals
in line with collective as common culture, leaders as 'sense-makers" who
communicate a mission to others and inspire others, and the leader as an inspirational
element who inspires others (Christensen, 2016).
Leading with a "charismatic" personality makes for better results. High degrees of
dependency on leadership are attributed to the leader's attractiveness since the leader's
vision is seen to be "the only way forward".
In order to deal with complex issues, members require leaders who can act with
courage and knowledge. Healthy narcissism, the ability to know "who I am," is at the
heart of leadership. Narcissism, even when under check, may quickly spiral out of
control and become a liability for a business, therefore leaders must be acutely aware
of their own attitudes and behaviours in order to prevent this from happening.

The importance of culture and the role leaders and managers

Great corporate cultures are built on the foundation of strong leadership. Anyone with
influence or power, regardless of title, is a leader and sets the tone for company
culture. Both reaffirming values and holding people to account are tools leaders have
at their disposal. Organizational culture can be positively or negatively influenced by
a leader's style and strategy implementation, although both good and ineffective
leadership have an impact on and develop an organization's culture. Creating an
atmosphere where employees may thrive is the goal of SHRM's recommendations for
leaders. When a solid corporate culture is not formed, employee morale and the
company's financial line suffer (Tourish, 2014).
The leadership culture has a major role in the formation of an organization's culture.
How a leader deals with his or her employees is a key indicator of his or her
organisational culture. It's a way of thinking, communicating, and making decisions
used by top-level executives. On a daily basis, it's also about how individuals interact,
think, and value their jobs.
Organizations and individuals must work together to make a beneficial impact on the
culture of an organisation. The organisation needs greater structure and the right
cultural fit in order for new leaders to be effective leaders, but that's not enough. The
greatest method to guarantee that your leadership culture has a positive impact on
your company's culture is to develop modern leaders (Mishra, 2014).
The ability to inspire others is a prerequisite for effective management and leadership
in the workplace. Keep your team engaged and focused on the task at hand by being a
good leader. In the context of a given culture, a person's motivations can vary greatly.
People are motivated under one of two ways, according to researchers.
In the first scenario, strictness and follow-through are more important considerations.
Because they are concerned something could go wrong, these leaders take great care
in all aspects of their work. So considerable consideration is needed before making a
decision, even if it's the right one. Their aversion to taking risks shows in the way
they approach their work, which influences their decision-making and collaborative
styles. A company's success depends on its ability to continuously improve and
expand in order to reduce risks.

The western globe tends to have a more flexible and opportunistic attitude when it
comes to motivation and decision making. Employees and leaders in these countries
are enthused and inspired by the many possible results of a decision. Risk-taking is
encouraged and leaders are more willing to take risks in this environment.
Critical reflection on the impact of leadership and management

Being conscious of one's own strengths and limitations, basic values, beliefs, and
interactions with others, is one of the finest methods to build one's leadership talents.
As a result, developing self-awareness and self-reflection will assist us in determining
what kind of leader we want to be. Because it is hard to foresee what will happen in
the future, leaders must have a plan in place to cope with any event that may emerge.
A leader must be able to reflect on their own personal work environment and, more
importantly, on themselves in order to have an impact on their own work environment
and, more importantly, on themselves. Therefore, it may be argued that students who
wish to be future leaders should engage in the practise of self-reflection now and
throughout their academic careers.

Conclusion

Most companies today use teams to achieve tasks and projects. Everyone on the team
will need help at some point. The project manager leads the team. Your leadership
style and personality will impact the team's outcome. A leader's style can be changed
to meet the needs of the group. The leader must be somewhat authoritarian to
establish the team's course and ensure that everyone understands the aim. Now is the
time for diplomacy and allowing all team members to participate in decision-making.
This is to ensure that every team member feels valued. The team leader must be able
to influence and inspire the team's innovation.
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