\Calculated value | 233 Sowe Reject Hy Conclusion: Iz] > zac, we reject the Null Hypothesis. SMALL SAMPLES TEST OF HYPOTHESIS ABOUT THE POPULATION MEAN ‘The test statistic is defined as 5 A * with n=1 degrees of freedom vn with n —1 degrees of freedom Example: 26 Ten oil tins are taken at random from an automatic filling machine, The mean weight of the tins 15.8 kg and standard deviation of 0.5 kg. Does the sample mean differ significantly from the intended weight of 16 kg? Solution: Given thatn = 10, ¥= 15.8, s=0.50, 1=16 Null Hypothesis :Hg: #=16 Alternative Hypothesis : Hy : 4 # 16 (two tailed test) The test statistic is given by with n—1 degrees of freedom m—1 158-16 -0.2_ -02 os ~ OS ~ 01667 ~~ vi0-1 V9 lel = 12 The critical value for t for a two tailed test at 5% level of significance with 10 — 1 = 9 degrees of freedom is 2.26. Calculated value=1.2_ and —Tabulated value =2.26 24|Calculated value | < Tabulated value then accept Hy |1.2|<2.26 — acept Hy Conclusion: Itel < t, we accept Ho. That is sample mean is not differ from the intended weight. Example: 27 A random sample of 10 boys had the following I.Q’s: 70, 120, 110, 101, 88, 83, 95, 98, 107, and 100. Do these data support the assumption of a population mean 1.Q of 100? Find the reasonable range in which most of the mean 1.Q values of samples of 10 boys lie. Solution: % 7 | 120 | 10 | 11 | ee | as | 95 | 98 | 107 | 100 | S'x=972 xe | -272 | 228 | 128 | ae | -o2 | -142 |-22] 08 | 9 | 28 (u-x? | 73004 | si9a¢ | 16204 | 14.44 | 24.64 | 20164 | 404 | 64 | 9604 | 724 | 2,01 %) = 1833.6 Dx _ 972 oh = = 972 n 10 _ UGi—%)? _ 1833.6 n-1 10-1 S = V203.7 = 14.27 97.2, $=14.27, w= 100 st = 203.7 Hence n= 10, Null Hypothesis Ho? #=100 Alternative Hypothesis : Hy : 1+ 100 (two tailed test) ‘The test statistic is given by 2 af with n—1 degrees of freedom —0.62 25‘The critical value for ¢ for a two tailed test at 5% level of significance with 10 — 1 = 9 degrees of freedom is 2.26. Calculated value =0.62 and Tabulated value =2.26 [Calculated value | < Tabulated value then accept Hy |0.62|<2.26 acept Hy Conclusion: Itel < £, we accept Ho. That is the data are consistent with the assumption of mean 1.Q of 100 in the population Confidence Interval : The confidence interval for the small sample mean is given by =97.2 £10.19 87 64 (Right tailed test) ‘The test statistic is given by =A * withn—1 degrees of freedom vn 66-64 2 lel = The critical value for t for a right tailed test at 5% level of significance with 10 — 1 = 9 degrees of freedom is 1.833. Calculated value=2 and Tabulated value =1.833 [Calculated value | < Tabulated value then accept Hy But |2|>1833 Reject Hy Conclusion: [tl > t, we reject Mo. That is the average height is greater than 64 inches, TESTING OF HYPOTHESIS ABOUT THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TWO MEANS (USING T TEST) ic for the difference between two means for small samples is given by The test stat Where #=2= and y= 2 ‘Example: 29 Samples of two types of electric light bulbs were tested for length of life and the following data were obtained [ Type! Type Il [sample size ny 7sample mean 234 hrs 036 hrs sample S.D 5; 36 hrs Ss; 40 hrs Is the difference in the means sufficient to warrant that type Tis superior to type II regarding length of life? Solution: Given that my =8, m 1234hrs, ¥7= 1036 hrs s;=36, s,=40 Null Hypothesis: Ho fy = Hz i.e., the two types I & type Il of electric bulbs are same. Alternative Hypothesis : Hy + 1 > Hz (Right tailed test) The test statistic is given by 2 = ea my Me with (ny +n — 2) degrees of freedom Te (+n) My” M2, lel = The critical value for ¢ for a right tailed test at 5% level of significance with 8 + 7-2 = 13 degrees of freedom is 1.77. Calculated value=9.39 and —Tabulated value =1.77 [Calculated value | > Tabulated value then Reject Ha But |9.39]>1.77 Reject Hy Coneh Itael > £, we reject Ho. That is the type I is superior than type Il Example: 30 In a test given to two groups of students the marks obtained were as follows. First Group 18 | 20 | 36 [ 50 | 49 | 36 | 34 | 49 | 41 | SecondGroup | 29 | 28 | 26 | 35 | 30 | 44 | 46 | Examine the significant difference between the means of marks secured by students of the above ‘two groups Solution: 28x as | 20 | 36 | so | a9 | 36 | 3a | as | at xo |as) az} a] | a) a) 3] a2} a Gq =a | asa | 2g9 | a | a69 | aaa] a | 9 | tae | a6 | Ye, 9F = 1136 % 29 | 2 | 26 | a5 | 30 | 4a | a6 | 238 y= 238 xy | 5s | sl] sefa | 4 [wl 2 (ms | 25 | 36 | 6a | 1 | a6 | 100 | 144 | 386 Dow? = 386 x, _ 333 Bx _ 338 and and «9 =VI4L75 = Hence m=9, m=7, —=37, = ‘Null Hypothesis Ho! Hi = Me i.e, there is no significant difference between the mean marks secured by the two groups iternative Hypothesis : H : ft; + plz (Two tailed test) ‘The test statistic is given by with (m + nz — 2) degrees of freedom ‘The critical value for ¢ for a two tailed test at 5% level of significance with 9+ 7 — 2 degrees of freedom is 1.76. Calculated valu 57 and —‘Tabulated value =1.76 |Calculated value | < Tabulated value then Accept Hy But |0.57|<1.76 Accept Ho Conclusion: 29Itael <¢, we Accept Ho. That is there is no significant difference between the mean marks secured by the two groups. Example: 31 Two independent samples of 8 and 7 items respectively had the following values. Sample! | 9 | 11 [ 13 [11 | 15 | 9 | 12 | 14 Sampleti | 10 | 12 [ 10 | 14 | 9 | 8 | 10 Is the difference between the means of samples significant? Solution: x 9 | a | 13 | a fas | 9 | a2 | a x= m-# | -275|-0.75| 125 |-075| 325 |-275| 025 | 225 @-x? | 7562 | 0563 | 1.563 | 0563 | 1056 | 7563 | anes | 5.063 | )"x 0? = 335 v w | a|wli|«wtls |e |. Yo-n wn-F 0.43 | 157 | -0.43 | 357 | -143 | -243 G-9% | oes | 2.465 | 0.185 | 12.74 | 2045 | 5.905 | 0.185 Lon San 73 and = = 10.43 7 and 8, =V479 = and Hence n,=8, m=7, H=1L75, H=1043 s,=, y= Null Hypothesis Ho? Hy = Me ie, there is no significant difference between the mean of two samples. Alternative Hypothesis : Hy + p11 + pty (Two tailed test) The test statistic is given by -%, with (n, + nz —2) degrees of freedom 30