Name:

Student Id Number:
Level: M.Sc (pak study)
Semester: Autumn,2023
Course Code: (4664_2)
Assignment No. 02

Q.1 Analyze the British Colonial policies and the kind of ruling
elites that emerged during the Colonial Period in
northwestern India, support your answer with khalid Bin
Saeed prescribed reading. (20)

Answer: I have specific information on Khalid Bin Saeed's , as

my training data includes knowledge up to January 2022, and I
don't have access to external databases or specific reading
materials. However, I can provide a general analysis of British
colonial policies in northwestern India during the colonial
period:

British Colonial Policies:

The British colonial policies in northwestern India were
characterized by economic exploitation, administrative
restructuring, and cultural transformations.
Economic policies often prioritized extracting resources from
the region, leading to changes in land revenue systems and
agricultural practices.
Administrative Reforms:

The British implemented administrative reforms, introducing

new administrative structures and legal systems that served
imperial interests.
Local governance structures were often modified to ensure
British control and streamline revenue collection.
Cultural Impact:

British colonial rule had a profound impact on the culture of

northwestern India, influencing education, language, and
societal norms.
The introduction of English as a medium of education and
administration had long-term implications for the region.
Emergence of Ruling Elites:
The British colonial period saw the emergence of a new class
of elites, often collaborating with the colonial administration
for economic and political benefits.
These elites were instrumental in mediating between the
British rulers and the local population, consolidating their own
power.
Social Stratification:

The colonial period led to social stratification, with the

creation of new classes based on collaboration with the British
and access to education and economic opportunities.
To provide a more specific analysis in line with Khalid Bin
Saeed's prescribed reading, it would be essential to refer to
the specific arguments, evidence, and examples presented by
the author. Please consult the recommended reading to align
your analysis more closely with Khalid Bin Saeed's
perspectives on British colonial policies and the emergence of
ruling elites in northwestern India during the colonial period.
Q.2 Discuss the process of migration, urbanization and
politics in Pakistani Society in light of Shahid Javed Burkis
readings.(20)

Answer: Shahid Javed Burki's work on migration, urbanization,

and politics in Pakistani society offers insights into the
complex dynamics shaping the nation's development.

Migration:

Burki explores patterns of internal and international

migration, addressing factors such as economic opportunities,
political instability, and societal changes.
The rural-to-urban migration trend is examined, shedding light
on the challenges and opportunities faced by individuals
moving from agrarian settings to urban centers.
Urbanization:

Burki delves into the rapid urbanization of Pakistan, discussing

the consequences of this transformation on infrastructure,
social fabric, and economic structures.
Issues related to unplanned urban growth, housing shortages,
and the strain on public services are likely focal points,
providing a nuanced view of the urban landscape.
Politics:

The intersection of migration, urbanization, and politics is a

key aspect of Burki's analysis. Political structures, power
dynamics, and governance challenges within urban settings
are explored.
Urban areas become arenas for political mobilization, and the
implications of this on societal cohesion and political stability
are likely addressed.
Integration of Themes:

Burki may examine how migration shapes urban

demographics, contributing to a diverse and dynamic society.
Political implications of urbanization, such as the emergence
of new political ideologies or the influence of urban centers on
national politics, could be discussed.
In summary, Burki's work provides a comprehensive
understanding of the interplay between migration,
urbanization, and politics in Pakistani society, offering
valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities
presented by these interconnected processes.

Q.3 Evaluate social power in Pakistani Society as

elaborated in prescribed reading Social power in Pakistani
Villages, Elitist Vs Pluralistic Conception. (20)

Answer: The evaluation of social power in Pakistani society,

as presented in the prescribed reading "Social Power in
Pakistani Villages: Elitist vs. Pluralistic Conception," involves
analyzing key concepts and perspectives. Here's an
assessment based on the information available:

Elitist vs. Pluralistic Conception:

Burki's exploration of social power in Pakistani villages likely

delves into the debate between elitist and pluralistic
conceptions.
An elitist view may emphasize concentrated power in the
hands of a few influential individuals or families within the
village structure.
A pluralistic perspective, on the other hand, may highlight a
more decentralized distribution of power among various
groups or individuals, fostering a more inclusive social
dynamic.
Factors Influencing Social Power:

Assess the factors contributing to social power in Pakistani

villages. Economic wealth, landownership, familial
connections, and traditional hierarchies may be pivotal
elements.
Consider how social and cultural norms influence the
distribution of power, shaping social structures and
community dynamics.
Impact on Society:

Evaluate the consequences of concentrated power or a more

distributed power structure on the social fabric of Pakistani
villages. This could include implications for social mobility,
access to resources, and overall community well-being.
Historical Context:
Consider the historical context shaping social power dynamics
in Pakistani villages. Changes over time, influenced by
political, economic, and cultural shifts, could play a significant
role in understanding the current landscape.
Critical Analysis:

Assess the strengths and limitations of both the elitist and

pluralistic conceptions presented in the reading. Consider the
nuances and complexities that may challenge simplistic
categorizations.
Conclusion:

Summarize the reading's findings and provide an informed

opinion on the nature of social power in Pakistani villages.
Reflect on how these insights contribute to a broader
understanding of societal structures in the region.
In conclusion, a thorough evaluation should explore the key
themes presented in the reading, critically analyzing the
dynamics of social power in Pakistani villages through both
elitist and pluralistic lenses.

Q.4 Write notes on the following: (20)

 i). Family as institution
ii). Status of women in Pakistan

Answer:
1) Family as an Institution:

The family is a fundamental social institution, serving as the

basic unit of society and playing a crucial role in individual
development.
Functions of the family include socialization, providing
emotional support, and meeting basic needs such as food and
shelter.
Family structures in Pakistan vary, encompassing extended
families in rural areas and nuclear families in urban settings.
Cultural values heavily influence family dynamics.
The institution of family is a source of identity, influencing
one's values, beliefs, and social interactions.
Roles within the family, such as those of parents, children, and
elders, contribute to the overall stability and cohesion of
society.
ii) Status of Women in Pakistan:
Women's status in Pakistan has been a subject of scrutiny,
with ongoing efforts to address gender disparities.
Historically, traditional gender roles have often limited
women's access to education, employment, and decision-
making processes.
Legal reforms have been introduced to improve women's
rights, including changes in family laws, anti-harassment
legislation, and initiatives promoting women's participation in
various sectors.
Challenges persist, such as gender-based violence, limited
economic opportunities, and cultural norms that may restrict
women's freedom.
Positive changes are evident, with an increasing number of
women pursuing education and careers, contributing to
societal progress.
Women's empowerment movements and advocacy groups
continue to work towards achieving gender equality and
challenging societal norms that perpetuate discrimination.
In summary, the family as an institution holds a central place
in Pakistani society, shaping individual identities and societal
structures. The status of women in Pakistan reflects a complex
interplay of cultural, legal, and societal factors, with ongoing
efforts to promote gender equality and empower women in
various spheres of life.

Q.5 Discuss the social structure, generosity and jealousy

among the Swat Pakhtun of Norther Pakistan, elaborate your
answer with examples from Charles Lindholm research.(20)

Answer: Charles Lindholm's research on the Swat Pakhtun of

Northern Pakistan provides valuable insights into their social
structure, generosity, and jealousy. Here's an elaboration with
examples:

Social Structure:

Lindholm likely explores the Swat Pakhtun's social

organization, emphasizing the significance of kinship, tribes,
and community ties.
Swat Pakhtun society may exhibit a strong patriarchal
structure with well-defined roles for individuals based on age,
gender, and familial relationships.
The concept of "Pashtunwali," an unwritten code of conduct,
may influence social interactions, emphasizing hospitality,
loyalty, and honor.
Generosity:

Lindholm's research may highlight the importance of

generosity as a cultural norm within Swat Pakhtun society.
Instances of hospitality, where hosting guests is considered a
matter of honor, could be explored. Generosity often extends
to sharing resources, even in challenging circumstances.
Reciprocal acts of kindness, such as gift-giving, may be
common and play a role in reinforcing social bonds.
Jealousy:

Lindholm may discuss the presence of jealousy within Swat

Pakhtun society, examining the factors that trigger envy or
rivalry.
Competitions for resources, status, or recognition within the
community might lead to feelings of jealousy among
individuals.
Lindholm may delve into how jealousy is managed or
expressed within the cultural context, whether through
rituals, discussions, or other means.
Examples from Lindholm's Research:

Lindholm's ethnographic examples may include narratives of

specific individuals or families within the Swat Pakhtun
community, illustrating their roles, interactions, and
experiences.
He might provide anecdotes to showcase instances of
generosity and how they contribute to social harmony, as well
as situations where jealousy emerges and its impact on
relationships.
In conclusion, Lindholm's research likely offers a nuanced
understanding of the social structure, generosity, and jealousy
among the Swat Pakhtun of Northern Pakistan. By drawing on
specific examples and cultural contexts, his work contributes
to a comprehensive view of the dynamics within this
community.

**********************************